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155,447 results on '"GIORDANO A."'

1. Measurement of $B^+\to\tau^+\nu_\tau$ branching fraction with a hadronic tagging method at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Ahmed, H., Ahn, Y., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Angelsmark, M., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Chang, M. -C., Cheema, P., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Di Canto, A., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Eppelt, J., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Gärtner, L., Gale, A., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, A., Iijima, T., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Li, L. K., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Libby, J., Lin, S., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, H., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Okubo, R., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Privalov, S., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schmitz, J., Schneider, S., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Takizawa, M., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of the branching fraction of $B^+\to\tau^+\nu_\tau$ decays using $(387\pm6)\times 10^6$ $\Upsilon(4S)$ collected between 2019 and 2022 with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. We reconstruct the accompanying $B^-$ meson using the hadronic tagging method, while $B^+\to\tau^+\nu_\tau$ candidates are identified in the recoil. We find evidence for $B^+\to\tau^+\nu_\tau$ decays at 3.0 standard deviations, including systematic uncertainties. The measured branching fraction is $\mathcal{B}(B^+\to\tau^+\nu_\tau) = [1.24 \pm 0.41 (\text{stat.}) \pm 0.19 (\text{syst.})] \times 10^{-4}$.
Published: 2025

2. Optimisation of ATLAS computing resource usage through a modern HEP Benchmark Suite via HammerCloud and Big PanDA

Author: Szczepanek, Natalia, Giordano, Domenico, Glushkov, Ivan, Borge, Gonzalo Menendez, Di Girolamo, Alessandro, Lory, Alexander, and Vukotic, Ilija
Subjects: Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In April 2023, HEPScore23, the new benchmark based on HEP specific applications, was adopted by WLCG, replacing HEP-SPEC06. As part of the transition to the new benchmark, the CPU corepower published by the sites needed to be compared with the effective power observed while running ATLAS workloads. One aim was to verify the conversion rate between the scores of the old and the new benchmark. The other objective was to understand how the HEPScore performs when run on multi-core job slots, so exactly like the computing sites are being used in the production environment. Our study leverages the HammerCloud infrastructure and the PanDA Workload Management System to collect a large benchmark statistic across 136 computing sites using an enhanced HEP Benchmark Suite. It allows us to collect not only performance metrics, but, thanks to plugins, it also collects information such as machine load, memory usage and other user-defined metrics during the execution and stores it in an OpenSearch database. These extensive tests allow for an in-depth analysis of the actual, versus declared computing capabilities of these sites. The results provide valuable insights into the real-world performance of computing resources pledged to ATLAS, identifying areas for improvement while spotlighting sites that underperform or exceed expectations. Moreover, this helps to ensure efficient operational practices across sites. The collected metrics allowed us to detect and fix configuration issues and therefore improve the experienced performance., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Paper submitted to the proceedings of the CHEP 2024, 27th Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics and will be published in EPJ Web of Conferences (EPJ WoC)
Published: 2025

3. Anomalous Raman scattering in layered AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$: Helical modes and excitation energy-dependent intensities

Author: Rao, Rahul, Jiang, Jie, Pachter, Ruth, Mai, Thuc T., Mohaugen, Valentine, Muñoz, Maria F., Siebenaller, Ryan, Rowe, Emmanuel, Selhorst, Ryan, Giordano, Andrea N., Walker, Angela R. Hight, and Susner, Michael A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Optics
Abstract: Structural anisotropy in layered two-dimensional materials can lead to highly anisotropic optical absorption which, in turn, can profoundly a^ect their phonon modes. These e^ects include lattice orientation-dependent and excitation energy-dependent mode intensities that can enable new phononic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report anomalous Raman spectra in single-crystalline AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$, a layered antiferromagnetic material. Density functional theory calculations and experimental measurements reveal several unique features in the Raman spectra of bulk and exfoliated AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$ crystals including three helical vibrational modes. These modes exhibit large Raman optical activities (circular intensity di^erences) in bulk AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$, which progressively decrease with thickness. We also observe strong excitation energy dependent peak intensities as well as a decrease in anti-Stokes peak intensities at room temperature with increasing excitation energy, resulting in an apparent cooling by up to 220 K. All of these anomalies in bulk and exfoliated flakes are attributed to the unique ABC layer stacking structure of AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$ and to the smaller unit cell volume that causes hybridization between the Se and Ag/Cr electron densities, resulting in charge transfer and strongly a^ecting the electron-phonon coupling. This work thus positions AgCrP$_2$Se$_6$ as an exciting new 2D material for optical and phononic applications., Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2025

4. Dirac delta as a generalized holomorphic function

Author: Nugraheni, Sekar and Giordano, Paolo
Subjects: Mathematics - Functional Analysis, Mathematics - Complex Variables
Abstract: The definition of a non-trivial space of generalized functions of a complex variable allowing to consider derivatives of continuous functions is a non-obvious task, e.g. because of Morera theorem, because distributional Cauchy-Riemann equations implies holomorphicity and of course because including Dirac delta seems incompatible with the identity theorem. Surprisingly , these results can be achieved if we consider a suitable non-Archimedean extension of the complex field, i.e. a ring where infinitesimal and infinite numbers return to be available. In this first paper, we set the definition of generalized holomorphic function and prove the extension of several classical theorems, such as Cauchy-Riemann equations, Goursat, Looman-Menchoff and Montel theorems, generalized differentiability implies smoothness, intrinsic embedding of compactly supported distributions, closure with respect to composition and hence non-linear operations on these generalized functions. The theory hence addresses several limitations of Colombeau theory of generalized holomorphic functions. The final aim of this series of papers is to prove the Cauchy-Kowalevski theorem including also distributional PDE or singular boundary conditions and nonlinear operations.
Published: 2025

5. Humanity's Last Exam

Author: Phan, Long, Gatti, Alice, Han, Ziwen, Li, Nathaniel, Hu, Josephina, Zhang, Hugh, Shaaban, Mohamed, Ling, John, Shi, Sean, Choi, Michael, Agrawal, Anish, Chopra, Arnav, Khoja, Adam, Kim, Ryan, Ren, Richard, Hausenloy, Jason, Zhang, Oliver, Mazeika, Mantas, Anderson, Daron, Nguyen, Tung, Shah, Imad Ali, Stokes, Alun Cennyth, Mahmood, Mobeen, Feng, Fiona, Feng, Steven Y., Zhao, Haoran, Yu, Michael, Gangal, Varun, Zou, Chelsea, Wang, Zihan, Lee, Jaeho, Doroshenko, Mikhail, Wang, Jessica P., Kumar, Pawan, Pokutnyi, Oleksandr, Iskra, Oleg, Gerbicz, Robert, Popov, Serguei, Levin, John-Clark, Kazakov, Mstyslav, Schmitt, Johannes, Galgon, Geoff, Sanchez, Alvaro, Lee, Yongki, Yeadon, Will, Sauers, Scott, Roth, Marc, Agu, Chidozie, Riis, Søren, Giska, Fabian, Utpala, Saiteja, Cheatom, Antrell, Giboney, Zachary, Goshu, Gashaw M., Xavier, Joan of Arc, Crowson, Sarah-Jane, Naiya, Mohinder Maheshbhai, Burns, Noah, Finke, Lennart, Cheng, Zerui, Park, Hyunwoo, Fournier-Facio, Francesco, Wydallis, John, Wydallis, John B., Nandor, Mark, Singh, Ankit, Gehrunger, Tim, Cai, Jiaqi, McCarty, Ben, Duclosel, Darling, Menshawy, Ahmed, Nam, Jungbae, Zampese, Jennifer, Hoerr, Ryan G., Bacho, Aras, Jin, Jun, Loume, Gautier Abou, Galal, Abdallah, Cao, Hangrui, Garretson, Alexis C, Sileo, Damien, Ren, Qiuyu, Cojoc, Doru, Arkhipov, Pavel, Qazi, Usman, Li, Lianghui, Motwani, Sumeet, de Witt, Christian Schroeder, Kopylov, Alexei, Taylor, Edwin, Veith, Johannes, Singer, Eric, Hartman, Taylor D., Rissone, Paolo, Jin, Jaehyeok, Shi, Jack Wei Lun, Willcocks, Chris G., Robinson, Joshua, Mikov, Aleksandar, Prabhu, Ameya, Tang, Longke, Alapont, Xavier, Uro, Justine Leon, Zhou, Kevin, Santos, Emily de Oliveira, Maksimov, Andrey Pupasov, Vendrow, Edward, Zenitani, Kengo, Guillod, Julien, Siddh, Sheeshram, Li, Yuqi, Vendrow, Joshua, Kuchkin, Vladyslav, Ze-An, Ng, Marion, Pierre, Efremov, Denis, Lynch, Jayson, Liang, Kaiqu, Gritsevskiy, Andrew, Martinez, Dakotah, Pageler, Ben, Crispino, Nick, Zvonkine, Dimitri, Fraga, Natanael Wildner, Soori, Saeed, Press, Ori, Tang, Henry, Salazar, Julian, Green, Sean R., Brüssel, Lina, Twayana, Moon, Dieuleveut, Aymeric, Rogers, T. Ryan, Zhang, Wenjin, Jain, Yashaswini, Li, Bikun, Yang, Jinzhou, Rao, Arun, Loiseau, Gabriel, Kalinin, Mikhail, Lukas, Marco, Manolescu, Ciprian, Mishra, Subrata, Kamdoum, Ariel Ghislain Kemogne, Kreiman, Tobias, Hogg, Tad, Jin, Alvin, Bosio, Carlo, Sun, Gongbo, Coppola, Brian P, Tarver, Tim, Heidinger, Haline, Sayous, Rafael, Ivanov, Stefan, Cavanagh, Joseph M, Shen, Jiawei, Imperial, Joseph Marvin, Schwaller, Philippe, Senthilkuma, Shaipranesh, Bran, Andres M, Dehghan, Ali, Algaba, Andres, Verbeken, Brecht, Houte, Kelsey Van den, Van Der Sypt, Lynn, Noever, David, Schut, Lisa, Sucholutsky, Ilia, Zheltonozhskii, Evgenii, Yuan, Qiaochu, Lim, Derek, Stanley, Richard, Sivarajan, Shankar, Yang, Tong, Maar, John, Wykowski, Julian, Oller, Martí, Sandlin, Jennifer, Sahu, Anmol, Hu, Yuzheng, Fish, Sara, Heydari, Nasser, Apronti, Archimedes, Rawal, Kaivalya, Vilchis, Tobias Garcia, Zu, Yuexuan, Lackner, Martin, Koppel, James, Nguyen, Jeremy, Antonenko, Daniil S., Chern, Steffi, Zhao, Bingchen, Arsene, Pierrot, Goldfarb, Alan, Ivanov, Sergey, Poświata, Rafał, Wang, Chenguang, Li, Daofeng, Crisostomi, Donato, Achilleos, Andrea, Myklebust, Benjamin, Sen, Archan, Perrella, David, Kaparov, Nurdin, Inlow, Mark H, Krenek, Keith, Zang, Allen, Thornley, Elliott, Orel, Daniil, Poritski, Vladislav, Ben-David, Shalev, Berger, Zachary, Whitfill, Parker, Foster, Michael, Munro, Daniel, Ho, Linh, Hava, Dan Bar, Kuchkin, Aleksey, Lauff, Robert, Holmes, David, Sommerhage, Frank, Ardito, Cesare Giulio, Moat, Richard, Schneider, Keith, Kazibwe, Zakayo, Stambaugh, Nate, Singh, Mukhwinder, Magoulas, Ilias, Clarke, Don, Kim, Dae Hyun, Dias, Felipe Meneguitti, Elser, Veit, Agarwal, Kanu Priya, Vilchis, Victor Efren Guadarrama, Klose, Immo, Demian, Christoph, Anantheswaran, Ujjwala, Zweiger, Adam, Albani, Guglielmo, Li, Jeffery, Daans, Nicolas, Radionov, Maksim, Rozhoň, Václav, Ma, Ziqiao, Stump, Christian, Berkani, Mohammed, Platnick, Jacob, Nevirkovets, Volodymyr, Basler, Luke, Piccardo, Marco, Jeanplong, Ferenc, Cohen, Niv, Singh, Virendra, Tkadlec, Josef, Rosu, Paul, Padlewski, Piotr, Barzowski, Stanislaw, Montgomery, Kyle, Menezes, Aline, Patel, Arkil, Wang, Zixuan, Tucker-Foltz, Jamie, Stade, Jack, Goertzen, Tom, Kazemi, Fereshteh, Milbauer, Jeremiah, Ambay, John Arnold, Shukla, Abhishek, Labrador, Yan Carlos Leyva, He, Hao, Zhang, Ling, Givré, Alan, Wolff, Hew, Rossbach, Vivien, Aziz, Muhammad Fayez, Kaddar, Younesse, Ängquist, Ivar, Chen, Yanxu, Zhang, Robin, Pan, Jiayi, Terpin, Antonio, Muennighoff, Niklas, Schoelkopf, Hailey, Zheng, Eric, Carmi, Avishy, Jones, Adam, Shah, Jainam, Brown, Ethan D. L., Zhu, Kelin, Bartolo, Max, Wheeler, Richard, Ho, Andrew, Barkan, Shaul, Wang, Jiaqi, Stehberger, Martin, Kretov, Egor, Bradshaw, Peter, Heimonen, JP, Sridhar, Kaustubh, Makarychev, Yury, EL-Wasif, Zienab, Zhang, Anji, Pyda, Daniel, Tam, Joanna, Cunningham, David M., Goryachev, Vladimir, Patramanis, Demosthenes, Krause, Michael, Redenti, Andrew, Bugas, Daniel, Aldous, David, Lai, Jesyin, Coleman, Shannon, Bahaloo, Mohsen, Bateman, Greg, Xu, Jiangnan, Lee, Sangwon, Zhao, Sandy, Tang, Ning, Cohen, Michael K., Carroll, Micah, Paradise, Orr, Kirchner, Jan Hendrik, Steinerberger, Stefan, Ovchynnikov, Maksym, Matos, Jason O., Shenoy, Adithya, Junior, Benedito Alves de Oliveira, Wang, Michael, Aaron, Ashley, Nie, Yuzhou, Giordano, Paolo, Petersen, Philipp, Sztyber-Betley, Anna, Shukla, Priti, Faraboschi, Paolo, Crozier, Jonathan, Pinto, Antonella, Verma, Shreyas, Joshi, Prashant, Meril, Eli, Yong, Zheng-Xin, Tee, Allison, Andréoletti, Jérémy, Weller, Orion, Singhal, Raghav, Zhang, Gang, Ivanov, Alexander, Khoury, Seri, Gustafsson, Nils, Mostaghimi, Hamid, Thaman, Kunvar, Chen, Qijia, Khánh, Tran Quoc, Loader, Jacob, Cavalleri, Stefano, Szlyk, Hannah, Brown, Zachary, Roberts, Jonathan, Alley, William, Sun, Kunyang, Stendall, Ryan, Lamparth, Max, Reuel, Anka, Wang, Ting, Xu, Hanmeng, Hernández-Cámara, Pablo, Martin, Freddie, Malishev, Dmitry, Preu, Thomas, Korbak, Tomek, Abramovitch, Marcus, Williamson, Dominic, Chen, Ziye, Bálint, Biró, Bari, M Saiful, Kassani, Peyman, Wang, Zihao, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Goswami, Laxman Prasad, Sun, Yewen, Elgnainy, Hossam, Sayed, Mohamed, Tordera, Daniel, Balabanian, George, Anderson, Earth, Kvistad, Lynna, Moyano, Alejandro José, Maheshwari, Rajat, Sakor, Ahmad, Eron, Murat, McAlister, Isaac C., Gimenez, Javier, Enyekwe, Innocent, O., Andrew Favre D., Shah, Shailesh, Zhou, Xiaoxiang, Kamalov, Firuz, Clark, Ronald, Abdoli, Sherwin, Santens, Tim, Meer, Khalida, Wang, Harrison K, Ramakrishnan, Kalyan, Chen, Evan, Tomasiello, Alessandro, De Luca, G. Bruno, Looi, Shi-Zhuo, Le, Vinh-Kha, Kolt, Noam, Mündler, Niels, Semler, Avi, Rodman, Emma, Drori, Jacob, Fossum, Carl J, Gloor, Luk, Jagota, Milind, Pradeep, Ronak, Fan, Honglu, Shah, Tej, Eicher, Jonathan, Chen, Michael, Thaman, Kushal, Merrill, William, Firsching, Moritz, Harris, Carter, Ciobâcă, Stefan, Gross, Jason, Pandey, Rohan, Gusev, Ilya, Sharma, Asankhaya, Agnihotri, Shashank, Zhelnov, Pavel, Usawasutsakorn, Siranut, Mofayezi, Mohammadreza, Bogdanov, Sergei, Piperski, Alexander, Carauleanu, Marc, Zhang, David K., Dobarskyi, Kostiantyn, Ler, Dylan, Leventov, Roman, Soroko, Ignat, Jansen, Thorben, Creighton, Scott, Lauer, Pascal, Duersch, Joshua, Taamazyan, Vage, Bezzi, Dario, Morak, Wiktor, Ma, Wenjie, Held, William, Huy, Tran Đuc, Xian, Ruicheng, Zebaze, Armel Randy, Mohamed, Mohanad, Leser, Julian Noah, Yuan, Michelle X, Yacar, Laila, Lengler, Johannes, Olszewska, Katarzyna, Shahrtash, Hossein, Oliveira, Edson, Jackson, Joseph W., Gonzalez, Daniel Espinosa, Zou, Andy, Chidambaram, Muthu, Manik, Timothy, Haffenden, Hector, Stander, Dashiell, Dasouqi, Ali, Shen, Alexander, Duc, Emilien, Golshani, Bita, Stap, David, Uzhou, Mikalai, Zhidkovskaya, Alina Borisovna, Lewark, Lukas, Rodriguez, Miguel Orbegozo, Vincze, Mátyás, Wehr, Dustin, Tang, Colin, Hossain, Zaki, Phillips, Shaun, Samuele, Fortuna, Muzhen, Jiang, Ekström, Fredrik, Hammon, Angela, Patel, Oam, Remy, Nicolas, Farhidi, Faraz, Medley, George, Mohammadzadeh, Forough, Peñaflor, Madellene, Kassahun, Haile, Friedrich, Alena, Sparrow, Claire, Perez, Rayner Hernandez, Sakal, Taom, Dhamane, Omkar, Mirabadi, Ali Khajegili, Hallman, Eric, Okutsu, Kenchi, Battaglia, Mike, Maghsoudimehrabani, Mohammad, Hoang, Hieu, Amit, Alon, Hulbert, Dave, Pereira, Roberto, Weber, Simon, Mensah, Stephen, Koech, Alice, Handoko, Peristyy, Anton, Harjadi, Chris, Gupta, Himanshu, Malina, Stephen, Albanie, Samuel, Cai, Will, Mehkary, Mustafa, Aly, Rami, Reidegeld, Frank, Dick, Anna-Katharina, Friday, Cary, Sidhu, Jasdeep, Shapourian, Hassan, Kim, Wanyoung, Costa, Mariana, Gurdogan, Hubeyb, Weber, Brian, Kumar, Harsh, Jiang, Tong, Agarwal, Arunim, Ceconello, Chiara, Vaz, Warren S., Zhuang, Chao, Park, Haon, Tawfeek, Andrew R., Aggarwal, Daattavya, Kirchhof, Michael, Dai, Linjie, Kim, Evan, Ferret, Johan, Wang, Yuzhou, Yan, Minghao, Burdzy, Krzysztof, Zhang, Lixin, Franca, Antonio, Pham, Diana T., Loh, Kang Yong, Jackson, Abram, Gul, Shreen, Chhablani, Gunjan, Du, Zhehang, Cosma, Adrian, Colino, Jesus, White, Colin, Riblet, Robin, Saxena, Prajvi, Votava, Jacob, Vinnikov, Vladimir, Delaney, Ethan, Halasyamani, Shiv, Shahid, Syed M., Mourrat, Jean-Christophe, Vetoshkin, Lavr, Sponselee, Koen, Bacho, Renas, Ginis, Vincent, Maksapetyan, Aleksandr, de la Rosa, Florencia, Li, Xiuyu, Malod, Guillaume, Lang, Leon, Laurendeau, Julien, Tiryakioglu, Murat, Kazakov, Dmitry, Adesanya, Fatimah, Portier, Julien, Hollom, Lawrence, Souza, Victor, Zhou, Yuchen Anna, Degorre, Julien, Yalın, Yiğit, Obikoya, Gbenga Daniel, Arnaboldi, Luca, Rai, Bigi, Filippo, Boscá, M. C., Shumar, Oleg, Bacho, Kaniuar, Clavier, Pierre, Recchia, Gabriel, Popescu, Mara, Shulga, Nikita, Tanwie, Ngefor Mildred, Lux, Thomas C. H., Rank, Ben, Ni, Colin, Brooks, Matthew, Yakimchyk, Alesia, Huanxu, Liu, Häggström, Olle, Verkama, Emil, Narayan, Himanshu, Gundlach, Hans, Brito-Santana, Leonor, Amaro, Brian, Vajipey, Vivek, Grover, Rynaa, Fan, Yiyang, Silva, Gabriel Poesia Reis e, Xin, Linwei, Kratish, Yosi, Łucki, Jakub, Li, Wen-Ding, Gopi, Sivakanth, Caciolai, Andrea, Xu, Justin, Scaria, Kevin Joseph, Vargus, Freddie, Habibi, Farzad, Long, Lian, Rodolà, Emanuele, Robins, Jules, Cheng, Vincent, Grabb, Declan, Bosio, Ida, Fruhauff, Tony, Akov, Ido, Raynor, Brad, Lo, Eve J. Y., Qi, Hao, Jiang, Xi, Segev, Ben, Fan, Jingxuan, Martinson, Sarah, Wang, Erik Y., Hausknecht, Kaylie, Brenner, Michael P., Mao, Mao, Jiang, Yibo, Zhang, Xinyu, Avagian, David, Scipio, Eshawn Jessica, Siddiqi, Muhammad Rehan, Ragoler, Alon, Tan, Justin, Patil, Deepakkumar, Sims, Blake, Plecnik, Rebeka, Kirtland, Aaron, Montecillo, Roselynn Grace, Durand, Stephane, Bodur, Omer Faruk, Shinde, D. P., Adoul, Zahra, Zekry, Mohamed, Douville, Guillaume, Karakoc, Ali, Santos, Tania C. B., Shamseldeen, Samir, Karim, Loukmane, Liakhovitskaia, Anna, Resman, Nate, Farina, Nicholas, Gonzalez, Juan Carlos, Maayan, Gabe, Hoback, Sarah, Pena, Rodrigo De Oliveira, Finocchio, Ross, Sherman, Glen, Kelley, Elizabeth, Mariji, Hodjat, Pouriamanesh, Rasoul, Wu, Wentao, Demir, Gözdenur, Mendoza, Sandra, Alarab, Ismail, Cole, Joshua, Ferreira, Danyelle, Johnson, Bryan, Milliron, Hsiaoyun, Safdari, Mohammad, Dai, Liangti, Arthornthurasuk, Siriphan, Pronin, Alexey, Fan, Jing, Ramirez-Trinidad, Angel, Cartwright, Ashley, Pottmaier, Daphiny, Taheri, Omid, Outevsky, David, Stepanic, Stanley, Perry, Samuel, Askew, Luke, Rodríguez, Raúl Adrián Huerta, Minissi, Ali M. R., Dendane, Abdelkader, Ali, Sam, Lorena, Ricardo, Iyer, Krishnamurthy, Fasiludeen, Arshad Anil, Salauddin, Sk Md, Islam, Murat, Gonzalez, Juan, Ducey, Josh, Campbell, Russell, Somrak, Maja, Mavroudis, Vasilios, Vergo, Eric, Qin, Juehang, Borbás, Benjámin, Chu, Eric, Lindsey, Jack, Radhakrishnan, Anil, Jallon, Antoine, McInnis, I. M. J., Hoover, Alex, Möller, Sören, Bian, Song, Lai, John, Peskoff, Denis, McGowan, Joseph, Patwardhan, Tejal, Yue, Summer, Wang, Alexandr, and Hendrycks, Dan
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achieve over 90\% accuracy on popular benchmarks like MMLU, limiting informed measurement of state-of-the-art LLM capabilities. In response, we introduce Humanity's Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage. HLE consists of 3,000 questions across dozens of subjects, including mathematics, humanities, and the natural sciences. HLE is developed globally by subject-matter experts and consists of multiple-choice and short-answer questions suitable for automated grading. Each question has a known solution that is unambiguous and easily verifiable, but cannot be quickly answered via internet retrieval. State-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate low accuracy and calibration on HLE, highlighting a significant gap between current LLM capabilities and the expert human frontier on closed-ended academic questions. To inform research and policymaking upon a clear understanding of model capabilities, we publicly release HLE at https://lastexam.ai., Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2025

6. Localization of Dirac modes in a finite temperature SU(2) Higgs model

Author: Baranka, György and Giordano, Matteo
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract: Low-lying Dirac modes become localized at the finite-temperature transition in QCD and other gauge theories, indicating a strong connection between localization and deconfinement. This phenomenon can be understood through the "sea/islands" picture: in the deconfined phase, modes become trapped on "islands" of Polyakov loop fluctuations within a "sea" of ordered Polyakov loops. To test the universality of the "sea/islands" mechanism, we investigate whether changes in the localization properties of low modes occur across other thermal transitions where the Polyakov loop becomes ordered, beyond the usual deconfinement transition. The fixed-length SU(2)-Higgs model is appropriate for this study. After mapping out the phase diagram, we find that low Dirac modes become localized in the deconfined and Higgs phases, where the Polyakov loop is ordered. However, localization is absent in the confined phase. These findings confirm the "sea/islands" picture of localization., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, contribution to the 41st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, from July 28th to August 3rd, 2024
Published: 2025

7. How Do Generative Models Draw a Software Engineer? A Case Study on Stable Diffusion Bias

Author: Fadahunsi, Tosin, d'Aloisio, Giordano, Di Marco, Antinisca, and Sarro, Federica
Subjects: Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Generative models are nowadays widely used to generate graphical content used for multiple purposes, e.g. web, art, advertisement. However, it has been shown that the images generated by these models could reinforce societal biases already existing in specific contexts. In this paper, we focus on understanding if this is the case when one generates images related to various software engineering tasks. In fact, the Software Engineering (SE) community is not immune from gender and ethnicity disparities, which could be amplified by the use of these models. Hence, if used without consciousness, artificially generated images could reinforce these biases in the SE domain. Specifically, we perform an extensive empirical evaluation of the gender and ethnicity bias exposed by three versions of the Stable Diffusion (SD) model (a very popular open-source text-to-image model) - SD 2, SD XL, and SD 3 - towards SE tasks. We obtain 6,720 images by feeding each model with two sets of prompts describing different software-related tasks: one set includes the Software Engineer keyword, and one set does not include any specification of the person performing the task. Next, we evaluate the gender and ethnicity disparities in the generated images. Results show how all models are significantly biased towards male figures when representing software engineers. On the contrary, while SD 2 and SD XL are strongly biased towards White figures, SD 3 is slightly more biased towards Asian figures. Nevertheless, all models significantly under-represent Black and Arab figures, regardless of the prompt style used. The results of our analysis highlight severe concerns about adopting those models to generate content for SE tasks and open the field for future research on bias mitigation in this context.
Published: 2025

8. Improved bounds on collapse models from rotational noise of LISA Pathfinder

Author: Altamura, Davide Giordano Ario, Vinante, Andrea, and Carlesso, Matteo
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Spontaneous wavefunction collapse models offer a solution to the quantum measurement problem, by modifying the Schr\"odinger equation with nonlinear and stochastic terms. The Continuous Spontaneous Localisation (CSL) model is the most studied among these models, with phenomenological parameters that are constrained by experiments. Here, we exploit the recent analysis of LISA Pathfinder's angular motion data to derive a tighter constraint than previously achieved with translational motion. Moreover, we identify the general conditions for preferring rotational measurement over translational ones for constraining the CSL model.
Published: 2025

9. Periodic Gamma-ray Modulation of the blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multi-wavelength Observations

Author: Abdollahi, S., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casaburo, F., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cozzolongo, G., Orestano, P. Cristarella, Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Di Lalla, N., Dirirsa, F., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Fiori, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Laurenti, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Marcotulli, L., Martí-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perri, M., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scotton, L., Serini, D., Sesana, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M. N., Tak, D., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Valverde, J., Verrecchia, F., and Zaharijas, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A 2.1-year periodic oscillation of the gamma-ray flux from the blazar PG 1553+113 has previously been tentatively identified in almost 7 year of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. After 15 years of Fermi sky-survey observations, doubling the total time range, we report >7 cycle gamma-ray modulation with an estimated significance of 4 sigma against stochastic red noise. Independent determinations of oscillation period and phase in the earlier and the new data are in close agreement (chance probability <0.01). Pulse timing over the full light curve is also consistent with a coherent periodicity. Multiwavelength new data from Swift X-Ray Telescope, Burst Alert Telescope, and UVOT, and from KAIT, Catalina Sky Survey, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and Owens Valley Radio Observatory ground-based observatories as well as archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer satellite-All Sky Monitor data, published optical data of Tuorla, and optical historical Harvard plates data are included in our work. Optical and radio light curves show clear correlations with the gamma-ray modulation, possibly with a nonconstant time lag for the radio flux. We interpret the gamma-ray periodicity as possibly arising from a pulsational accretion flow in a sub-parsec binary supermassive black hole system of elevated mass ratio, with orbital modulation of the supplied material and energy in the jet. Other astrophysical scenarios introduced include instabilities, disk and jet precession, rotation or nutation, and perturbations by massive stars or intermediate-mass black holes in polar orbit., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 20 plots, 1 table, accepted and published by The Astrophysical Journal. Article produced by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Collaboration
Published: 2025
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10. A Survey on Spoken Italian Datasets and Corpora

Author: Giordano, Marco and Rinaldi, Claudia
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Digital Libraries, A.1, I.2.7, J.5
Abstract: Spoken language datasets are vital for advancing linguistic research, Natural Language Processing, and speech technology. However, resources dedicated to Italian, a linguistically rich and diverse Romance language, remain underexplored compared to major languages like English or Mandarin. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of 66 spoken Italian datasets, highlighting their characteristics, methodologies, and applications. The datasets are categorized by speech type, source and context, and demographic and linguistic features, with a focus on their utility in fields such as Automatic Speech Recognition, emotion detection, and education. Challenges related to dataset scarcity, representativeness, and accessibility are discussed alongside recommendations for enhancing dataset creation and utilization. The full dataset inventory is publicly accessible via GitHub and archived on Zenodo, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and developers. By addressing current gaps and proposing future directions, this work aims to support the advancement of Italian speech technologies and linguistic research., Comment: submitted to IEEE Access Journal in Dec 2024
Published: 2025

11. Towards a scalable AI-driven framework for data-independent Cyber Threat Intelligence Information Extraction

Author: Sorokoletova, Olga, Antonioni, Emanuele, and Colò, Giordano
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is critical for mitigating threats to organizations, governments, and institutions, yet the necessary data are often dispersed across diverse formats. AI-driven solutions for CTI Information Extraction (IE) typically depend on high-quality, annotated data, which are not always available. This paper introduces 0-CTI, a scalable AI-based framework designed for efficient CTI Information Extraction. Leveraging advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, particularly Transformer-based architectures, the proposed system processes complete text sequences of CTI reports to extract a cyber ontology of named entities and their relationships. Our contribution is the development of 0-CTI, the first modular framework for CTI Information Extraction that supports both supervised and zero-shot learning. Unlike existing state-of-the-art models that rely heavily on annotated datasets, our system enables fully dataless operation through zero-shot methods for both Entity and Relation Extraction, making it adaptable to various data availability scenarios. Additionally, our supervised Entity Extractor surpasses current state-of-the-art performance in cyber Entity Extraction, highlighting the dual strength of the framework in both low-resource and data-rich environments. By aligning the system's outputs with the Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) format, a standard for information exchange in the cybersecurity domain, 0-CTI standardizes extracted knowledge, enhancing communication and collaboration in cybersecurity operations.
Published: 2025

12. Cosmic-ray acceleration and escape from supernova remnant W44 as probed by Fermi-LAT and MAGIC

Author: Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Babi'c, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovi'c, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., Gonz'alez, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., na, L. Fari\, Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., L'opez, R. J. Garc'ia, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Gliwny, P., Godinovi'c, N., Gozzini, S. R., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Mart'inez, I. Jim'enez, Jormanainen, J., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., L'ainez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., L'opez-Coto, R., L'opez-Moya, M., L'opez-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Mart'inez, M., Mart'inez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Gonz'alez, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikoli'c, L., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Rib'o, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Striskovi'c, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzi'c, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Giordano, F., Bissaldi, E., Green, D., and Morlino, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W44 and its surroundings are a prime target for studying the acceleration of cosmic rays (CRs). Several previous studies established an extended gamma-ray emission that is set apart from the radio shell of W44. This emission is thought to originate from escaped high-energy CRs that interact with a surrounding dense molecular cloud complex. Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Fermi-LAT data with an emphasis on the spatial and spectral properties of W44 and its surroundings. We also report the results of the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes of the northwestern region of W44. Finally, we present an interpretation model to explain the gamma-ray emission of the SNR and its surroundings. Methods. We first performed a detailed spatial analysis of 12 years of Fermi-LAT data at energies above 1 GeV, in order to exploit the better angular resolution, while we set a threshold of 100MeV for the spectral analysis. We performed a likelihood analysis of 174 hours of MAGIC data above 130 GeV using the spatial information obtained with Fermi-LAT. Results. The combined spectra of Fermi-LAT and MAGIC, extending from 100MeV to several TeV, were used to derive constraints on the escape of CRs. Using a time-dependent model to describe the particle acceleration and escape from the SNR, we show that the maximum energy of the accelerated particles has to be ' 40 GeV. However, our gamma-ray data suggest that a small number of lower-energy particles also needs to escape. We propose a novel model, the broken-shock scenario, to account for this effect and explain the gamma-ray emission.
Published: 2025

13. Characterization of Markarian 421 during its most violent year: Multiwavelength variability and correlations

Author: Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Ammando, F., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Wersig, F., Will, M., Yamamoto, T., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Perri, M., Leto, C., Verrecchia, F., Aller, M., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Gurwell, M. A., and Wehrle, A. E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Mrk 421 was in its most active state around early 2010, which led to the highest TeV gamma-ray flux ever recorded from any active galactic nuclei. We aim to characterize the multiwavelength behavior during this exceptional year for Mrk 421, and evaluate whether it is consistent with the picture derived with data from other less exceptional years. We investigated the period from November 5, 2009, (MJD 55140) until July 3, 2010, (MJD 55380) with extensive coverage from very-high-energy (VHE; E$\,>\,$100$\,$GeV) gamma rays to radio with MAGIC, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, VLBA, and a variety of additional optical and radio telescopes. We investigated the variability and correlation behavior among different energy bands in great detail. We find the strongest variability in X-rays and VHE gamma rays, and PSDs compatible with power-law functions. We observe strong correlations between X-rays and VHE gamma rays. We also report a marginally significant positive correlation between high-energy (HE; E$\,>\,$100$\,$MeV) gamma rays and the ultraviolet band. We detected marginally significant correlations between the HE and VHE gamma rays, and between HE gamma rays and the X-ray, that disappear when the large flare in February 2010 is excluded from the correlation study. The activity of Mrk 421 also yielded the first ejection of features in the VLBA images of the jet of Mrk 421. Yet the large uncertainties in the ejection times of these radio features prevent us from firmly associating them to the specific flares recorded during the campaign. We also show that the collected multi-instrument data are consistent with a scenario where the emission is dominated by two regions, a compact and extended zone, which could be considered as a simplified implementation of an energy-stratified jet as suggested by recent IXPE observations., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Corresponding authors: Felix Schmuckermaier, David Paneque, Axel Arbet Engels
Published: 2025

14. Measurement of the hard exclusive $\pi^{0}$ muoproduction cross section at COMPASS

Author: Alexeev, G. D., Alexeev, M. G., Alice, C., Amoroso, A., Andrieux, V., Anosov, V., Augsten, K., Augustyniak, W., Azevedo, C. D. R., Badelek, B., Barth, J., Beck, R., Beckers, J., Bedfer, Y., Bernhard, J., Bodlak, M., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Chang, W. -C., Chatterjee, C., Chiosso, M., Chung, S. -U., Cicuttin, A., Correia, P. M. M., Crespo, M. L., D'Ago, D., Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, S. S., Dasgupta, S., Delcarro, F., Denisenko, I., Denisov, O. Yu., Dehpour, M., Donskov, S. V., Doshita, N., Dreisbach, Ch., Dünnweber, W., Dusaev, R. R., Ecker, D., Eremeev, D., Faccioli, P., Faessler, M., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fischer, H., Flöthner, K. J., Florian, W., Friedrich, J. M., Frolov, V., Ordòñez, L. G. Garcia, Gavrichtchouk, O. P., Gerassimov, S., Giarra, J., Giordano, D., Gorzellik, M., Grasso, A., Gridin, A., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Grube, B., Grüner, M., Guskov, A., Haas, P., von Harrach, D., Hoffmann, M., d'Hose, N., Hsieh, C. -Y., Ishimoto, S., Ivanov, A., Iwata, T., Jary, V., Joosten, R., Jörg, P., Kabuß, E., Kaspar, F., Kerbizi, A., Ketzer, B., Khaustov, G. V., Klein, F., Koivuniemi, J. H., Kolosov, V. N., Horikawa, K. Kondo, Konorov, I., Korzenev, A. Yu., Kotzinian, A. M., Kouznetsov, O. M., Koval, A., Kral, Z., Kunne, F., Kurek, K., Kurjata, R. P., Lavickova, K., Levorato, S., Lian, Y. -S., Lichtenstadt, J., Lin, P. -J., Longo, R., Lyubovitskij, V. E., Maggiora, A., Makke, N., Mallot, G. K., Maltsev, A., Martin, A., Marzec, J., Matoušek, J., Matsuda, T., Pires, C. Menezes, Metzger, F., Meyer, W., Mikhasenko, M., Mitrofanov, E., Miura, D., Miyachi, Y., Molina, R., Moretti, A., Nagaytsev, A., Neyret, D., Niemiec, M., Nový, J., Nowak, W. -D., Nukazuka, G., Olshevsky, A. G., Ostrick, M., Panzieri, D., Parsamyan, B., Paul, S., Pekeler, H., Peng, J. -C., Pešek, M., Peshekhonov, D. V., Pešková, M., Platchkov, S., Pochodzalla, J., Polyakov, V. A., Quintans, C., Reicherz, G., Riedl, C., Ryabchikov, D. I., Rychter, A., Rymbekova, A., Samoylenko, V. D., Sandacz, A., Sarkar, S., Savin, I. A., Sbrizzai, G., Schmieden, H., Selyunin, A., Sinha, L., Spülbeck, D., Srnka, A., Stolarski, M., Sulc, M., Suzuki, H., Tessaro, S., Tessarotto, F., Thiel, A., Tosello, F., Townsend, A., Triloki, T., Tskhay, V., Valinoti, B., Veit, B. M., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Ventura, B., Vidon, A., Vijayakumar, A., Virius, M., Wagner, M., Wallner, S., Zaremba, K., Zavertyaev, M., Zemko, M., Zemlyanichkina, E., and Ziembicki, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: A new and detailed measurement of the cross section for hard exclusive neutral-pion muoproduction on the proton was performed in a wide kinematic region, with the photon virtuality $Q^2$ ranging from 1 to 8 (GeV/$c$)$^{\rm\, 2}$ and the Bjorken variable $x_{\rm Bj}$ ranging from 0.02 to 0.45. The data were collected at COMPASS at CERN using 160 GeV/$c$ longitudinally polarised $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$ beams scattering off a 2.5 m long liquid hydrogen target. From the average of the measured $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$ cross sections, the virtual-photon--proton cross section is determined as a function of the squared four-momentum transfer between the initial and final state proton in the range 0.08 (GeV/$c$)$^{\rm\, 2}$ $< |t| <$ 0.64 (GeV/$c$)$^{\rm\, 2}$. From its angular distribution, the combined contribution of transversely and longitudinally polarised photons are determined, as well as transverse--transverse and longitudinal--transverse interference contributions. They are studied as functions of four-momentum transfer $|t|$, photon virtuality $Q^2$ and virtual-photon energy $\nu$. The longitudinal--transverse interference contribution is found to be compatible with zero. The significant transverse--transverse interference contribution reveals the existence of a dominant contribution by transversely polarized photons. This provides clear experimental evidence for the chiral-odd GPD $\overline{E}_T$. In addition, the existence of a non-negligible contribution of longitudinally polarized photons is suggested by the $|t|$-dependence of the cross section at $x_{\rm Bj} < $ 0.1 . Altogether, these results provide valuable input for future modelling of GPDs and thus of cross sections for exclusive pseudo-scalar meson production. Furthermore, they can be expected to facilitate the study of next-to-leading order corrections and higher-twist contributions.
Published: 2024

15. Bottom-up robust modeling for the foraging behavior of Physarum polycephalum

Author: Reginato, Damiano, Proverbio, Daniele, and Giordano, Giulia
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract: The true slime mold \textit{Physarum polycephalum} has the remarkable capability to perform self-organized activities such as network formation among food sources. Despite well reproducing the emergence of slime networks, existing models are limited in the investigation of the minimal mechanisms, at the microscopic scale, that ensure robust problem-solving capabilities at the macroscopic scale. To this end, we develop three progressively more complex multi-agent models to provide a flexible framework to understand the self-organized foraging and network formation behaviors of \textit{Physarum}. The hierarchy of models allows for a stepwise investigation of the minimal set of rules that allow bio-inspired computing agents to achieve the desired behaviors on nutrient-poor substrates. By introducing a quantitative measure of connectedness among food sources, we assess the sensitivity of the model to user-defined and bio-inspired parameters, as well as the robustness of the model to parameter heterogeneity across agents. We ultimately observe the robust emergence of pattern formation, in line with experimental evidence. Overall, our study sheds light onto the basic mechanisms of self-organization and paves the way towards the development of decentralized strategies for network formation in engineered systems, focusing on trade-offs between biological fidelity and computational efficiency.
Published: 2024

16. Measurement of the branching fraction, polarization, and time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0 \to \rho^+\rho^-$ decays and constraint on the CKM angle $\phi_2$

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Akopov, N., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Baghel, N. K., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dong, X., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eppelt, J., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Lin, S., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Okubo, R., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sakai, Y., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Song, W., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, J., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of the branching fraction and fraction of longitudinal polarization of $B^0 \to \rho^+ \rho^-$ decays, which have two $\pi^0$'s in the final state. We also measure time-dependent $CP$ violation parameters for decays into longitudinally polarized $\rho^+ \rho^-$ pairs. This analysis is based on a data sample containing $(387\pm6) \times 10^6$ \BBbar pairs collected with the Belle~II detector at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider in 2019-2022. We obtain ${B}(B^0\to\rho^+\rho^-) = (2.88 ^{+0.23}_{-0.22} {}^{+0.29}_{-0.27}) \times 10^{-5}, f_{L} = 0.921 ^{+0.024}_{-0.025} {}^{+0.017}_{-0.015}$, $S = -0.26\pm0.19\pm0.08$, and $C = -0.02\pm0.12^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We use these results to perform an isospin analysis to constrain the CKM angle $\phi_2$ and obtain two solutions; the result consistent with other Standard Model constraints is $\phi_2 = (92.6^{+4.5}_{-4.8})^\circ$.
Published: 2024

17. Search for lepton flavor-violating decay modes $B^0\to K_S^0\tau^\pm\ell^\mp~(\ell=\mu, e)$ with hadronic $B$-tagging at Belle and Belle II

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dong, X., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Lin, S., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Luo, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Otani, F., Pakhlova, G., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Song, W., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the first search for the lepton flavor-violating decay modes $B^0 \rightarrow K_S^0 \tau^\pm \ell^\mp~(\ell=\mu, e)$ using the 711 fb$^{-1}$ and 365 fb$^{-1}$ data samples recorded by the Belle and Belle II detectors, respectively. We use a hadronic $B$-tagging technique, and search for the signal decay in the system recoiling against the fully reconstructed $B$ meson. We find no evidence for $B^0 \rightarrow K_S^0 \tau^\pm \ell^\mp$ decays and set 90\% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range of $[0.8,\,3.6]\times10^{-5}$.
Published: 2024

18. A two-dimensional 10-qubit array in germanium with robust and localised qubit control

Author: John, Valentin, Yu, Cécile X., van Straaten, Barnaby, Rodríguez-Mena, Esteban A., Rodríguez, Mauricio, Oosterhout, Stefan, Stehouwer, Lucas E. A., Scappucci, Giordano, Bosco, Stefano, Rimbach-Russ, Maximilian, Niquet, Yann-Michel, Borsoi, Francesco, and Veldhorst, Menno
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Quantum computers require the systematic operation of qubits with high fidelity. For holes in germanium, the spin-orbit interaction allows for \textit{in situ} electric fast and high-fidelity qubit gates. However, the interaction also causes a large qubit variability due to strong g-tensor anisotropy and dependence on the environment. Here, we leverage advances in material growth, device fabrication, and qubit control to realise a two-dimensional 10-spin qubit array, with qubits coupled up to four neighbours that can be controlled with high fidelity. By exploring the large parameter space of gate voltages and quantum dot occupancies, we demonstrate that plunger gate driving in the three-hole occupation enhances electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR), creating a highly localised qubit drive. Our findings, confirmed with analytical and numerical models, highlight the crucial role of intradot Coulomb interaction and magnetic field direction. Furthermore, the ability to engineer qubits for robust control is a key asset for further scaling., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

19. Data Preparation for Fairness-Performance Trade-Offs: A Practitioner-Friendly Alternative?

Author: Voria, Gianmario, Di Matteo, Rebecca, Giordano, Giammaria, Catolino, Gemma, and Palomba, Fabio
Subjects: Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: As machine learning (ML) systems are increasingly adopted across industries, addressing fairness and bias has become essential. While many solutions focus on ethical challenges in ML, recent studies highlight that data itself is a major source of bias. Pre-processing techniques, which mitigate bias before training, are effective but may impact model performance and pose integration difficulties. In contrast, fairness-aware Data Preparation practices are both familiar to practitioners and easier to implement, providing a more accessible approach to reducing bias. Objective. This registered report proposes an empirical evaluation of how optimally selected fairness-aware practices, applied in early ML lifecycle stages, can enhance both fairness and performance, potentially outperforming standard pre-processing bias mitigation methods. Method. To this end, we will introduce FATE, an optimization technique for selecting 'Data Preparation' pipelines that optimize fairness and performance. Using FATE, we will analyze the fairness-performance trade-off, comparing pipelines selected by FATE with results by pre-processing bias mitigation techniques., Comment: Accepted as Registered Report at SANER'25
Published: 2024

20. Time-dependent modelling of short-term variability in the TeV-blazar VER J0521+211 during the major flare in 2020

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Wersig, F., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., collaborators, MWL, Bachev, R., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Filippenko, A. V., Hovatta, T., Jorstad, S. G., Kiehlmann, S., Lähteenmäki, A., Liodakis, I., Marscher, A. P., Max-Moerbeck, W., Omeliukh, A., Pursimo, T., Readhead, A. C. S., Rodrigues, X., Tornikoski, M., Wierda, F., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object VER J0521+211 underwent a notable flaring episode in February 2020. A short-term monitoring campaign, led by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) collaboration, covering a wide energy range from radio to very-high-energy (VHE, 100 GeV < E < 100 TeV) gamma rays was organised to study its evolution. These observations resulted in a consistent detection of the source over six consecutive nights in the VHE gamma-ray domain. Combining these nightly observations with an extensive set of multiwavelength data made modelling of the blazar's spectral energy distribution (SED) possible during the flare. This modelling was performed with a focus on two plausible emission mechanisms: i) a leptonic two-zone synchrotron-self-Compton scenario, and ii) a lepto-hadronic one-zone scenario. Both models effectively replicated the observed SED from radio to the VHE gamma-ray band. Furthermore, by introducing a set of evolving parameters, both models were successful in reproducing the evolution of the fluxes measured in different bands throughout the observing campaign. Notably, the lepto-hadronic model predicts enhanced photon and neutrino fluxes at ultra-high energies (E > 100 TeV). While the photon component, generated via decay of neutral pions, is not directly observable as it is subject to intense pair production (and therefore extinction) through interactions with the cosmic microwave background photons, neutrino detectors (e.g. IceCube) can probe the predicted neutrino component. Finally, the analysis of the gamma-ray spectra, as observed by MAGIC and the Fermi-LAT telescopes, yielded a conservative 95\% confidence upper limit of z \leq 0.244 for the redshift of this blazar., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024

21. Measurement of the branching fraction and $\it CP$-violating asymmetry of the decay $B^{0} \rightarrow \pi^{0} \pi^{0}$ using $387$ million bottom-antibottom meson pairs in Belle II data

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dong, X., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Eppelt, J., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, D., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Lin, S., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., RajG, V., Rauls, N., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schneider, S., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Song, W., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, J., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We measure the branching fraction and $\it CP$-violating flavor-dependent rate asymmetry of $B^{0} \to \pi^{0} \pi^{0}$ decays reconstructed using the Belle II detector in an electron-positron collision sample containing $387 \times 10^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs. Using an optimized event selection, we find $126\pm 20$ signal decays in a fit to background-discriminating and flavor-sensitive distributions. The resulting branching fraction is $(1.25 \pm 0.23)\times 10^{-6}$ and the $\it CP$-violating asymmetry is $0.03 \pm 0.30$.
Published: 2024

22. On the Compression of Language Models for Code: An Empirical Study on CodeBERT

Author: d'Aloisio, Giordano, Traini, Luca, Sarro, Federica, and Di Marco, Antinisca
Subjects: Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Performance
Abstract: Language models have proven successful across a wide range of software engineering tasks, but their significant computational costs often hinder their practical adoption. To address this challenge, researchers have begun applying various compression strategies to improve the efficiency of language models for code. These strategies aim to optimize inference latency and memory usage, though often at the cost of reduced model effectiveness. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding how these strategies influence the efficiency and effectiveness of language models for code. Here, we empirically investigate the impact of three well-known compression strategies -- knowledge distillation, quantization, and pruning -- across three different classes of software engineering tasks: vulnerability detection, code summarization, and code search. Our findings reveal that the impact of these strategies varies greatly depending on the task and the specific compression method employed. Practitioners and researchers can use these insights to make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate compression strategy, balancing both efficiency and effectiveness based on their specific needs.
Published: 2024

23. A polynomial approximation scheme for nonlinear model reduction by moment matching

Author: Doebeli, Carlos, Astolfi, Alessandro, Kalise, Dante, Moreschini, Alessio, Scarciotti, Giordano, and Simard, Joel
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 49M15, 70Q05, 93A30
Abstract: We propose a procedure for the numerical approximation of invariance equations arising in the moment matching technique associated with reduced-order modeling of high-dimensional dynamical systems. The Galerkin residual method is employed to find an approximate solution to the invariance equation using a Newton iteration on the coefficients of a monomial basis expansion of the solution. These solutions to the invariance equations can then be used to construct reduced-order models. We assess the ability of the method to solve the invariance PDE system as well as to achieve moment matching and recover a system's steady-state behaviour for linear and nonlinear signal generators with system dynamics up to $n=1000$ dimensions., Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures, submitted to SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Published: 2024

24. Observation of the decay $B^0 \to J/\psi \omega$ at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Brenny, N., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dong, X., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Eppelt, J., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Lin, S., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Luo, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Song, W., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yelton, J., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We measure the branching fraction of the decay $B^0 \to J/\psi \omega$ using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. The data contain $(387 \pm 6) \times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs produced in energy-asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collisions at the $\Upsilon (4S)$ resonance. The measured branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to J/\psi \omega) = \left( 2.16 \pm 0.30 \pm 0.14 \right) \times 10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is more precise than previous results and constitutes the first observation of the decay with a significance of $6.5$ standard deviations.
Published: 2024

25. Gramian Multimodal Representation Learning and Alignment

Author: Cicchetti, Giordano, Grassucci, Eleonora, Sigillo, Luigi, and Comminiello, Danilo
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Human perception integrates multiple modalities, such as vision, hearing, and language, into a unified understanding of the surrounding reality. While recent multimodal models have achieved significant progress by aligning pairs of modalities via contrastive learning, their solutions are unsuitable when scaling to multiple modalities. These models typically align each modality to a designated anchor without ensuring the alignment of all modalities with each other, leading to suboptimal performance in tasks requiring a joint understanding of multiple modalities. In this paper, we structurally rethink the pairwise conventional approach to multimodal learning and we present the novel Gramian Representation Alignment Measure (GRAM), which overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. GRAM learns and then aligns $n$ modalities directly in the higher-dimensional space in which modality embeddings lie by minimizing the Gramian volume of the $k$-dimensional parallelotope spanned by the modality vectors, ensuring the geometric alignment of all modalities simultaneously. GRAM can replace cosine similarity in any downstream method, holding for 2 to $n$ modality and providing more meaningful alignment with respect to previous similarity measures. The novel GRAM-based contrastive loss function enhances the alignment of multimodal models in the higher-dimensional embedding space, leading to new state-of-the-art performance in downstream tasks such as video-audio-text retrieval and audio-video classification. The project page, the code, and the pretrained models are available at https://ispamm.github.io/GRAM/.
Published: 2024

26. Observations of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $\Xi_c^{+} \to pK_{S}^{0}$, $\Xi_c^+ \to \Lambda \pi^+$, and $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^{0} \pi^+$ at Belle and Belle II

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Akopov, N., Alhakami, M., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finocchiaro, G., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Harris, C., Hayashii, H., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobi, D., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Meleshko, D., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyake, H., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Song, W., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Using data samples of 983.0~$\rm fb^{-1}$ and 427.9~$\rm fb^{-1}$ accumulated with the Belle and Belle~II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $\Xi_c^{+} \to pK_{S}^{0}$, $\Xi_c^+ \to \Lambda \pi^+$, and $\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^{0} \pi^+$ are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of $\Xi_{c}^{+}\to p K_{S}^{0}$, $\Xi_{c}^{+}\to \Lambda \pi^{+}$, and $\Xi_{c}^{+}\to \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$ relative to that of $\Xi_c^+ \to \Xi^- \pi^{+} \pi^{+}$ are measured to be \begin{equation} \frac{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^+ \to pK_S^0)}{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-} \pi^+ \pi^+)} = (2.47 \pm 0.16 \pm 0.07)\% \notag, \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^+ \to \Lambda \pi^+)}{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-} \pi^+ \pi^+)} = (1.56 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.09)\% \notag, \end{equation} \begin{equation} \frac{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^+ \to \Sigma^0 \pi^+)}{{\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-} \pi^+ \pi^+)} = (4.13 \pm 0.26 \pm 0.22)\% \notag. \end{equation} Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel, ${\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-} \pi^+\pi^+) = (2.9 \pm 1.3)\%$, the absolute branching fractions are determined to be \begin{equation} {\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to p K_{S}^{0}) = (7.16 \pm 0.46 \pm 0.20 \pm 3.21) \times 10^{-4} \notag, \end{equation} \begin{equation} {\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Lambda \pi^+) = (4.52 \pm 0.41 \pm 0.26 \pm 2.03) \times 10^{-4} \notag, \end{equation} \begin{equation} {\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Sigma^0 \pi^+) = (1.20 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.54) \times 10^{-3} \notag. \end{equation} The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in ${\cal B}(\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-} \pi^{+} \pi^{+})$., Comment: 21 pages, 5 pages
Published: 2024

27. Model Order Reduction of Large-Scale Wind Farms: A Data-Driven Approach

Author: Gong, Zilong, Mao, Junyu, Junyent-Ferré, Adrià, and Scarciotti, Giordano
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: This paper proposes a data-driven algorithm for model order reduction (MOR) of large-scale wind farms and studies the effects that the obtained reduced-order model (ROM) has when this is integrated into the power grid. With respect to standard MOR methods, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of having low computational complexity and not requiring any knowledge of the high order model. Using time-domain measurements, the obtained ROM achieves the moment matching conditions at selected interpolation points (frequencies). With respect to the state of the art, the method achieves the so-called two-sided moment matching, doubling the accuracy by doubling the interpolated points. The proposed algorithm is validated on a combined model of a 200-turbine wind farm (which is reduced) interconnected to the IEEE 14-bus system (which represents the unreduced study area) by comparing the full-order model and the reduced-order model in terms of their Bode plots, eigenvalues and the point of common coupling voltages in extensive fault scenarios of the integrated power system., Comment: This article has been accepted for publication by IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Published: 2024

28. Exploring the Dark Matter Disc Model in Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from the LITTLE THINGS Sample

Author: Labini, Francesco Sylos, Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto, De Marzo, Giordano, and Straccamore, Matteo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We conducted an analysis of the velocity field of dwarf galaxies in the LITTLE THINGS sample, focusing on deriving 2D velocity maps that encompass both the transverse and radial velocity fields. Within the range of radial distances where velocity anisotropies are sufficiently small for the disc to be considered rotationally supported, and where the warped geometry of the disc can be neglected, we reconstructed the rotation curve while taking into account the effect of the asymmetric drift. To fit the rotation curves, we employed the standard halo model and the dark matter disc (DMD) model, which assumes that dark matter is primarily confined to the galactic discs and can be traced by the distribution of \HI{}. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that the fits from the DMD model are statistically comparable to those obtained using the standard halo model, but the inferred masses of the galaxies in the DMD model are approximately 10 to 100 times smaller than the masses inferred in the standard halo model. In the DMD model, the inner slope of the rotation curve is directly related to a linear combination of the surface density profiles of the stellar and gas components, which generally exhibit a flat core. Consequently, the observation of a linear relationship between the rotation curve and the radius in the disc central regions is consistent with the framework of the DMD model., Comment: 27 pages, 52 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2024
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29. QuantFormer: Learning to Quantize for Neural Activity Forecasting in Mouse Visual Cortex

Author: Calcagno, Salvatore, Kavasidis, Isaak, Palazzo, Simone, Brondi, Marco, Sità, Luca, Turri, Giacomo, Giordano, Daniela, Kostic, Vladimir R., Fellin, Tommaso, Pontil, Massimiliano, and Spampinato, Concetto
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract: Understanding complex animal behaviors hinges on deciphering the neural activity patterns within brain circuits, making the ability to forecast neural activity crucial for developing predictive models of brain dynamics. This capability holds immense value for neuroscience, particularly in applications such as real-time optogenetic interventions. While traditional encoding and decoding methods have been used to map external variables to neural activity and vice versa, they focus on interpreting past data. In contrast, neural forecasting aims to predict future neural activity, presenting a unique and challenging task due to the spatiotemporal sparsity and complex dependencies of neural signals. Existing transformer-based forecasting methods, while effective in many domains, struggle to capture the distinctiveness of neural signals characterized by spatiotemporal sparsity and intricate dependencies. To address this challenge, we here introduce QuantFormer, a transformer-based model specifically designed for forecasting neural activity from two-photon calcium imaging data. Unlike conventional regression-based approaches, QuantFormerreframes the forecasting task as a classification problem via dynamic signal quantization, enabling more effective learning of sparse neural activation patterns. Additionally, QuantFormer tackles the challenge of analyzing multivariate signals from an arbitrary number of neurons by incorporating neuron-specific tokens, allowing scalability across diverse neuronal populations. Trained with unsupervised quantization on the Allen dataset, QuantFormer sets a new benchmark in forecasting mouse visual cortex activity. It demonstrates robust performance and generalization across various stimuli and individuals, paving the way for a foundational model in neural signal prediction.
Published: 2024

30. Baseband control of single-electron silicon spin qubits in two dimensions

Author: Unseld, Florian K., Undseth, Brennan, Raymenants, Eline, Matsumoto, Yuta, Karwal, Saurabh, Pietx-Casas, Oriol, Ivlev, Alexander S., Meyer, Marcel, Sammak, Amir, Veldhorst, Menno, Scappucci, Giordano, and Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Micromagnet-enabled electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR) is an established method of high-fidelity single-spin control in silicon. However, the resulting architectural limitations have restrained silicon quantum processors to one-dimensional arrays, and heating effects from the associated microwave dissipation exacerbates crosstalk during multi-qubit operations. In contrast, qubit control based on hopping spins has recently emerged as a compelling primitive for high-fidelity baseband control in sparse two-dimensional hole arrays in germanium. In this work, we commission a $^{28}$Si/SiGe 2x2 quantum dot array both as a four-qubit device with pairwise exchange interactions using established EDSR techniques and as a two-qubit device using baseband hopping control. In this manner, we can evaluate the two modes of operation in terms of fidelity, coherence, and crosstalk. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the hopping gate of 99.50(6)%, which is similar to the average fidelity of the resonant gate of 99.54(4)%. Lowering the external field to reach the hopping regime nearly doubles the measured $T_2^{\mathrm{H}}$, suggesting a reduced coupling to charge noise. Finally, the hopping gate circumvents the transient pulse-induced resonance shift. To further motivate the hopping gate approach as an attractive means of scaling silicon spin-qubit arrays, we propose an extensible nanomagnet design that enables engineered baseband control of large spin arrays., Comment: main text with 12 pages and 5 figures, methods and extended data and supplementary materials with 22 pages and 11 figures and 1 table, in a single file
Published: 2024

31. Red, hot, and very metal poor: extreme properties of a massive accreting black hole in the first 500 Myr

Author: Tripodi, Roberta, Martis, Nicholas, Markov, Vladan, Bradač, Maruša, Di Mascia, Fabio, Cammelli, Vieri, D'Eugenio, Francesco, Willott, Chris, Curti, Mirko, Bhatt, Maulik, Gallerani, Simona, Rihtaršič, Gregor, Singh, Jasbir, Gaspar, Gaia, Harshan, Anishya, Judež, Jon, Merida, Rosa M., Desprez, Guillaume, Sawicki, Marcin, Goovaerts, Ilias, Muzzin, Adam, Noirot, Gaël, Sarrouh, Ghassan T. E., Abraham, Roberto, Asada, Yoshihisa, Brammer, Gabriel, Carpenter, Vicente Estrada, Felicioni, Giordano, Fujimoto, Seiji, Iyer, Kartheik, Mowla, Lamiya, and Strait, Victoria
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has recently discovered a new population of objects at high redshift referred to as `Little Red Dots' (LRDs). Their nature currently remains elusive, despite their surprisingly high inferred number densities. This emerging population of red point-like sources is reshaping our view of the early Universe and may shed light on the formation of high-redshift supermassive black holes. Here we present a spectroscopically confirmed LRD CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 at $z_{\rm spec}=8.6319\pm 0.0005$ hosting an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), using JWST data. This source shows the typical spectral shape of an LRD (blue UV and red optical continuum, unresolved in JWST imaging), along with broad H$\beta$ line emission, detection of high-ionization emission lines (CIV, NIV]) and very high electron temperature indicative of the presence of AGN. This is also combined with a very low metallicity ($Z<0.1 Z_\odot$). The presence of all these diverse features in one source makes CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 unique. We show that the inferred black hole mass of CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 ($M_{\rm BH}=1.0^{+0.6}_{-0.4}\times 10^{8}\rm ~M_\odot$) strongly challenges current standard theoretical models and simulations of black hole formation, and forces us to adopt `ad hoc' prescriptions. Indeed if massive seeds, or light seeds with super-Eddington accretion, are considered, the observed BH mass of CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 at $z=8.6$ can be reproduced. Moreover, the black hole is over-massive compared to its host, relative to the local $M_{\rm BH}-M_*$ relations, pointing towards an earlier and faster evolution of the black hole compared to its host galaxy., Comment: 4 main figures; 8 supplementary figures; 5 supplementary tables
Published: 2024

32. Constraints on the Dirac spectrum from chiral symmetry restoration and the fate of $\mathrm{U}(1)_A$ symmetry

Author: Giordano, Matteo
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: I discuss chiral symmetry restoration in the chiral limit $m\to 0$ of QCD with two light quark flavours of mass $m$, focussing on its consequences for scalar and pseudoscalar susceptibilities, and on the resulting constraints on the Dirac spectrum. I show that $\mathrm{U}(1)_A$ symmetry remains broken in the $\mathrm{SU}(2)_A$ symmetric phase if the spectral density $\rho(\lambda;m)$ develops a singular near-zero peak, tending to $O(m^4)/\lambda$ in the chiral limit. Moreover, $\mathrm{SU}(2)_A$ restoration requires that the number of modes in the peak be proportional to the topological susceptibility, indicating that such a peak must be of topological origin., Comment: 11 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2024), 28 July - 3 August 2024, Liverpool, UK
Published: 2024

33. Applying a Theory of Change Framework to Create Transformative and Equity-Based Community Engagement Experiences at a Small, Liberal Arts, Lasallian Institution

Author: Sarah Beth Dempsey, Adeline Diaz, Samantha Giordano, and Bianca Meza
Abstract: Saint Mary's College of California is a small, Catholic Lasallian, liberal arts institution located in the San Francisco Bay area. Founded in 1863, the institution currently serves approximately 2,000 enrolled students. The Catholic Institute for Lasallian Social Action (CILSA) is the social justice and community engagement center that provides institutional support for curricular and co-curricular community engagement (CE) experiences. In the academic year 2020-2021, CILSA staff collaborated with CE faculty, alumni, staff, and community partners to develop a Theory of Change to explore the challenges, values, and strategies of engagement work and make change in our community. In this article, we will highlight our engaged learning programs, describe our process to create CILSA's Theory of Change, share the ways CILSA staff support and collaborate with each other, and showcase the Head-Heart-Hands framework for student reflection.
Published: 2024
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34. Best Practices in Creating Partnerships for Transformative Engaged Learning Experiences at a Small, Liberal Arts, Lasallian Institution

Author: Sarah Beth Dempsey, Adeline Diaz, and Samantha Giordano
Abstract: All undergraduate students at Saint Mary's College of California, a small, private institution, are required to complete an engaged learning (EL) course or experience for graduation. This graduation requirement was established to provide students with the opportunity to learn in and from the community; an important value from the principles of the Liberal Arts and Catholic Lasallian traditions that inform the College's pedagogy. The social justice and community engagement center on campus called the Catholic Institute for Lasallian Social Action (CILSA), establishes EL partnerships with nonprofit organizations, school districts, campus departments, and other higher education institutions throughout California for EL courses, internships, place-based work, and research projects. We value the expertise of our partners and view them as co-educators in creating transformative learning experiences for nearly 600 students annually. In this article, we will share our process in sustaining community partnerships, our scaffolding engagement efforts, and best practices for collaborating with partners.
Published: 2024
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35. Soft Expulsion: What Happens When School-Based Supports Aren't Enough

Author: Diana Hoffstein-Rahmey, Keri Giordano, Kayla M. Murphy, Rashel Reizin-Friedman, and Amanda Coyne
Abstract: Very limited research exists regarding the beliefs and practices of student support teams (SSTs), sometimes called child study teams or IEP teams, in settings with non-expulsion policies for young children with severely challenging behaviors. Previous research examined teacher and administrator beliefs and practices and found that they engage in practices related to soft expulsion (Murphy et al. in Child Youth Serv Rev 158:107441, 2024). Some school psychologists and SST members may also resort to soft expulsion, subtly pushing children out of their schools due to challenging behaviors (Zinsser et al. in Rev Educ Res 92(5):743-785, 2022). This study utilized an anonymous, online, self-report measure to investigate the practices and beliefs of SST members in early childhood education settings with non-expulsion policies. Participants included 108 school-based service providers in one state. The majority identified as school psychologists, held a Master's degree, had between 1 and 5 years of experience, and worked 36-40 h per week. Results showed that most participants said they had the supports to meet the needs of children with severely challenging behaviors, yet most had worked with a child whose behaviors they were unable to manage. Our examination also uncovered indications of soft expulsion practices and a general lack of knowledge about existing non-expulsion policies. The implications arising from these beliefs and practices are examined and discussed.
Published: 2024
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36. A common marker of affect recognition dysfunction in the FTD spectrum of disorders.

Author: Canu, Elisa, Castelnovo, Veronica, Aiello, Edoardo, De Luca, Giulia, Sibilla, Elisa, Freri, Fabiola, Tripodi, Chiara, Spinelli, Edoardo, Cecchetti, Giordano, Magnani, Giuseppe, Caso, Francesca, Caroppo, Paola, Prioni, Sara, Villa, Cristina, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Verde, Federico, Ticozzi, Nicola, Silani, Vincenzo, Sturm, Virginia, Rankin, Katherine, Gorno-Tempini, Maria, Poletti, Barbara, Filippi, Massimo, and Agosta, Federica
Subjects: Humans, Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive, Reproducibility of Results, Affect, Neuropsychological Tests, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Frontotemporal Dementia, Recognition, Psychology
Abstract: BackgroundPoor affect recognition is an early sign of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we applied the abbreviated version of the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS-A) battery to Italian FTD cases and healthy controls (HC) to provide cut-offs of emotional dysfunction in the whole group and in different FTD clinical syndromes.MethodsOne hundred thirty-nine FTD patients (60 behavioural variant [bvFTD],13 semantic behavioural variant of FTD [sbvFTD], 28 progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], 21 semantic [svPPA] and 17 nonfluent [nfvPPA] variants of primary progressive aphasia) and 116 HC were administered the CATS-A, yielding an Affective Recognition Quotient (ARQ), which was used as outcome measure. Age- and education-adjusted, regression-based norms were derived in HC. In patients, the ARQ was assessed for its internal reliability, factorial validity and construct validity by testing its association with another social cognition paradigm, the Story-Based Empath Task (SET). The diagnostic accuracy of the ARQ in discriminating patients from HC, genetic cases from HC and patient groups among each other was tested via ROC analyses.ResultsIn the whole FTD cohort, CATS-A proved to be underpinned by a mono-component factor (51.1%) and was internally consistent (McDonalds ω = 0.76). Moreover, the ARQ converged with the SET (r(122) = 0.50; p
Published: 2025

37. Hot-carrier trapping preserves high quantum yields but limits optical gain in InP-based quantum dots

Author: Vonk, Sander J. W., Prins, P. Tim, Wang, Tong, Matthys, Jan, Giordano, Luca, Schiettecatte, Pieter, Mondal, Navendu, van der Hoeven, Jessi E. S., Hopper, Thomas R., Hens, Zeger, Geiregat, Pieter, Bakulin, Artem A., and Rabouw, Freddy T.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Indium phosphide is the leading material for commercial applications of colloidal quantum dots. To date, however, the community has failed to achieve successful operation under strong excitation conditions, contrasting sharply with other materials. Here, we report how the unusual photophysics of state-of-the-art InP-based quantum dots make them unattractive as a gain material. A combination of ensemble-based time-resolved spectroscopy over timescales from femtoseconds to microseconds and single-quantum-dot spectroscopy reveals ultrafast trapping of hot charge carriers. This process leads to charge-carrier losses, thereby reducing the achievable population inversion which limits amplification of light in a gain material. Interestingly, fluorescence is only delayed, not quenched, by hot charge-carrier trapping, explaining why InP-based quantum dots are successful as bright luminescent colour convertors for low-intensity applications. Comparison with other popular quantum-dot materials, such as CdSe, Pb-halide perovskites, and CuInS2, indicate that the hot-carrier dynamics observed are unique to InP.
Published: 2024

38. Unimib Assistant: designing a student-friendly RAG-based chatbot for all their needs

Author: Antico, Chiara, Giordano, Stefano, Koyuturk, Cansu, and Ognibene, Dimitri
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: Natural language processing skills of Large Language Models (LLMs) are unprecedented, having wide diffusion and application in different tasks. This pilot study focuses on specializing ChatGPT behavior through a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system using the OpenAI custom GPTs feature. The purpose of our chatbot, called Unimib Assistant, is to provide information and solutions to the specific needs of University of Milano-Bicocca (Unimib) students through a question-answering approach. We provided the system with a prompt highlighting its specific purpose and behavior, as well as university-related documents and links obtained from an initial need-finding phase, interviewing six students. After a preliminary customization phase, a qualitative usability test was conducted with six other students to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the chatbot, with the goal of improving it in a subsequent redesign phase. While the chatbot was appreciated for its user-friendly experience, perceived general reliability, well-structured responses, and conversational tone, several significant technical and functional limitations emerged. In particular, the satisfaction and overall experience of the users was impaired by the system's inability to always provide fully accurate information. Moreover, it would often neglect to report relevant information even if present in the materials uploaded and prompt given. Furthermore, it sometimes generated unclickable links, undermining its trustworthiness, since providing the source of information was an important aspect for our users. Further in-depth studies and feedback from other users as well as implementation iterations are planned to refine our Unimib Assistant., Comment: Accepted for Italian Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Human Machine Interaction (AIxHMI 2024), November 26, 2024, Bolzano, Italy
Published: 2024

39. $\mu$SR evidence of a marked exchange interaction effect on the local spin dynamics of Tb-based molecular nanomagnets

Author: Isah, Muhammad Maikudi, Sorace, Lorenzo, Lascialfari, Alessandro, Arosio, Paolo, Salman, Zaher, Nogueira, André Moreira, Poneti, Giordano, Mariani, Manuel, and Sanna, Samuele
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We report on the spin dynamics of two Terbium-based molecular nanomagnets, Tb-SQ and Tb-Trp, investigated by means of longitudinal muon spin relaxation ($\mu$SR) measurements as a function of applied field, flanked by AC susceptibility characterization. In the two molecules Tb(III) magnetic ion has an isotructural coordination sphere, but in the former the Tb(III) is coordinated by an organic paramagnetic ligand (SQ), while the latter is coordinated by a diamagnetic one (Trp). Thus Tb-SQ presents an exchange interaction between the Tb(III) ion and a radical while Tb-Trp does not. Both the samples exhibit a muon spin-lattice relaxation rate $\lambda_1(T, B_L)$ peak in the temperature range 10-25 K at all applied longitudinal magnetic fields $B_L = 50, 150, 300$ mT. In Tb-SQ, $\lambda_1(T, B_L)$ displays a BPP-like behavior led by three different correlations times: the first, dominating for $T\geq15K$, follows a thermally activated law $\tau_c =\tau_0 \exp(\sigma_A / k_B T)$ with energy barrier $\sigma_A/k_B$, while the second and third ones, dominating respectively for $8
Published: 2024

40. Reinforcement Learning for Bidding Strategy Optimization in Day-Ahead Energy Market

Author: Di Persio, Luca, Garbelli, Matteo, and Giordano, Luca M.
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract: In a day-ahead market, energy buyers and sellers submit their bids for a particular future time, including the amount of energy they wish to buy or sell and the price they are prepared to pay or receive. However, the dynamic for forming the Market Clearing Price (MCP) dictated by the bidding mechanism is frequently overlooked in the literature on energy market modelling. Forecasting models usually focus on predicting the MCP rather than trying to build the optimal supply and demand curves for a given price scenario. Following this approach, the article focuses on developing a bidding strategy for a seller in a continuous action space through a single agent Reinforcement Learning algorithm, specifically the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient. The algorithm controls the offering curve (action) based on past data (state) to optimize future payoffs (rewards). The participant can access historical data on production costs, capacity, and prices for various sources, including renewable and fossil fuels. The participant gains the ability to operate in the market with greater efficiency over time to maximize individual payout.
Published: 2024

41. Charge-induced energy shift of a single-spin qubit under a magnetic-field gradient

Author: Kobayashi, Takashi, Noiri, Akito, Nakajima, Takashi, Takeda, Kenta, Camenzind, Leon C., Jin, Ik Kyeong, Scappucci, Giordano, and Tarucha, Seigo
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: An electron confined by a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) can be displaced by changes in electron occupations of surrounding QDs owing to the Coulomb interaction. For a single-spin qubit in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, such a displacement of the host electron results in a qubit energy shift which must be handled carefully for high-fidelity operations. Here we spectroscopically investigate the qubit energy shift induced by changes in charge occupations of nearby QDs for a silicon single-spin qubit in a magnetic-field gradient. Between two different charge configurations of an adjacent double QD, a spin qubit shows an energy shift of about 4 MHz, which necessitates strict management of electron positions over a QD array. We confirm a correlation between the qubit frequency and the charge configuration by using a postselection analysis., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

42. Measurement of the inclusive branching fractions for $B_s^0$ decays into $D$ mesons via hadronic tagging

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, D., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, S. X., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schneider, S., Schnell, G., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Song, W., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, B., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yasaveev, M., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of the absolute branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D_s^{\pm} X)$, $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D^0/\bar{D}^0 X)$, and $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D^{\pm} X)$, where the latter is measured for the first time. The results are based on a 121.4\,fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected at the $\Upsilon(10860)$ resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. We reconstruct one $B_s^0$ meson in $e^+e^- \to \Upsilon(10860) \to B_s^{*} \bar{B}_s^{*}$ events and measure yields of $D_s^+$, $D^0$, and $D^+$ mesons in the rest of the event. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D_s^{\pm} X) = (68.6 \pm 7.2 \pm 4.0)\%$, $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D^0/\bar{D}^0 X) = (21.5 \pm 6.1 \pm 1.8)\%$, and $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D^{\pm} X) = (12.6 \pm 4.6 \pm 1.3)\%$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Averaging with previous Belle measurements gives $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D_s^{\pm} X) = (63.4 \pm 4.5 \pm 2.2)\%$ and $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to D^0/\bar{D}^0 X) = (23.9 \pm 4.1 \pm 1.8)\%$. For the $B_s^0$ production fraction at the $\Upsilon(10860)$, we find $f_s = (21.4^{+1.5}_{-1.7})\%$., Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, submitted to JHEP
Published: 2024

43. MAViS: Modular Autonomous Virtualization System for Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Quantum Dot Arrays

Author: Rao, Anantha S., Buterakos, Donovan, van Straaten, Barnaby, John, Valentin, Yu, Cécile X., Oosterhout, Stefan D., Stehouwer, Lucas, Scappucci, Giordano, Veldhorst, Menno, Borsoi, Francesco, and Zwolak, Justyna P.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Arrays of gate-defined semiconductor quantum dots are among the leading candidates for building scalable quantum processors. High-fidelity initialization, control, and readout of spin qubit registers require exquisite and targeted control over key Hamiltonian parameters that define the electrostatic environment. However, due to the tight gate pitch, capacitive crosstalk between gates hinders independent tuning of chemical potentials and interdot couplings. While virtual gates offer a practical solution, determining all the required cross-capacitance matrices accurately and efficiently in large quantum dot registers is an open challenge. Here, we establish a Modular Automated Virtualization System (MAViS) -- a general and modular framework for autonomously constructing a complete stack of multi-layer virtual gates in real time. Our method employs machine learning techniques to rapidly extract features from two-dimensional charge stability diagrams. We then utilize computer vision and regression models to self-consistently determine all relative capacitive couplings necessary for virtualizing plunger and barrier gates in both low- and high-tunnel-coupling regimes. Using MAViS, we successfully demonstrate accurate virtualization of a dense two-dimensional array comprising ten quantum dots defined in a high-quality Ge/SiGe heterostructure. Our work offers an elegant and practical solution for the efficient control of large-scale semiconductor quantum dot systems., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 8 pages of supplemental material
Published: 2024

44. Exploiting epitaxial strained germanium for scaling low noise spin qubits at the micron-scale

Author: Stehouwer, Lucas E. A., Yu, Cécile X., van Straaten, Barnaby, Tosato, Alberto, John, Valentin, Esposti, Davide Degli, Elsayed, Asser, Costa, Davide, Oosterhout, Stefan D., Hendrickx, Nico W., Veldhorst, Menno, Borsoi, Francesco, and Scappucci, Giordano
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Disorder in the heterogeneous material stack of semiconductor spin qubit systems introduces noise that compromises quantum information processing, posing a challenge to coherently control large-scale quantum devices. Here, we exploit low-disorder epitaxial strained quantum wells in Ge/SiGe heterostructures grown on Ge wafers to comprehensively probe the noise properties of complex micron-scale devices comprising of up to ten quantum dots and four rf-charge sensors arranged in a two-dimensional array. We demonstrate an average charge noise of $\sqrt{S_{0}}=0.3(1)$ $\mu\mathrm{eV}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ at 1 Hz across different locations on the wafer, providing a benchmark for quantum confined holes. We then establish hole-spin qubit control in these heterostructures and extend our investigation from electrical to magnetic noise through spin echo measurements. Exploiting dynamical decoupling sequences, we quantify the power spectral density components arising from the hyperfine interaction with $^{73}$Ge spinful isotopes and identify coherence modulations associated with the interaction with the $^{29}$Si nuclear spin bath near the Ge quantum well. We estimate an integrated hyperfine noise amplitude $\sigma_f$ of 180(8) kHz from $^{73}$Ge and of 47(5) kHz from $^{29}$Si, underscoring the need for full isotopic purification of the qubit host environment.
Published: 2024

45. Tunable Dirac nodal line in orthorhombic RuO$_2$

Author: Uykur, Ece, Janson, Oleg, Ginga, Victoria A., Schmidt, Marcus, Giordano, Nico, and Tsirlin, Alexander A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Pressure evolution of RuO2 is studied using single-crystal x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell, combined with \textit{ab initio} band-structure calculations. The tetragonal rutile structure transforms into the orthorhombic CaCl$_2$-type structure above 13 GPa under quasi-hydrostatic pressure conditions. This second-order transition is ferroelastic in nature and accompanied by tilts of the RuO$_6$ octahedra. Orthorhombic RuO$_2$ is expected to be paramagnetic metal, similar to ambient-pressure RuO$_2$. It shows the increased $t_{2g}-e_g$ crystal-field splitting that is responsible for the pressure-induced color change. It further features the Dirac nodal line that shifts across the Fermi level upon compression., Comment: 8 pages with appendix, 8 figures
Published: 2024

46. Back to Supervision: Boosting Word Boundary Detection through Frame Classification

Author: Carnemolla, Simone, Calcagno, Salvatore, Palazzo, Simone, and Giordano, Daniela
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Speech segmentation at both word and phoneme levels is crucial for various speech processing tasks. It significantly aids in extracting meaningful units from an utterance, thus enabling the generation of discrete elements. In this work we propose a model-agnostic framework to perform word boundary detection in a supervised manner also employing a labels augmentation technique and an output-frame selection strategy. We trained and tested on the Buckeye dataset and only tested on TIMIT one, using state-of-the-art encoder models, including pre-trained solutions (Wav2Vec 2.0 and HuBERT), as well as convolutional and convolutional recurrent networks. Our method, with the HuBERT encoder, surpasses the performance of other state-of-the-art architectures, whether trained in supervised or self-supervised settings on the same datasets. Specifically, we achieved F-values of 0.8427 on the Buckeye dataset and 0.7436 on the TIMIT dataset, along with R-values of 0.8489 and 0.7807, respectively. These results establish a new state-of-the-art for both datasets. Beyond the immediate task, our approach offers a robust and efficient preprocessing method for future research in audio tokenization.
Published: 2024

47. Measurement of $B \to K{}^{*}(892)\gamma$ decays at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, D., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, S. X., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Ravindran, K., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schneider, S., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Song, W., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, J., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present measurements of $B \to K{}^{*}(892)\gamma$ decays using $365\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ of data collected from 2019 to 2022 by the Belle~II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The data sample contains $(387 \pm 6) \times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ events. We measure branching fractions ($\mathcal{B}$) and $C\!P$ asymmetries ($\mathcal{A}_{C\!P}$) for both $B^{0}\to K{}^{*0}\gamma$ and $B^{+}\to K{}^{*+}\gamma$ decays. The difference in $C\!P$ asymmetries ($\Delta \mathcal{A}_{C\!P}$) and the isospin asymmetry ($\Delta_{0+}$) between these neutral and charged channels are also measured. We obtain the following branching fractions and $C\!P$ asymmetries: $\mathcal{B} (B^{0} \to K{}^{*0}\gamma) = (4.14 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.11 ) \times 10^{-5}$, $\mathcal{B} (B^{+} \to K{}^{*+}\gamma) = (4.02 \pm 0.13 \pm 0.13 )\times 10^{-5}$, $\mathcal{A}_{C\!P} (B^{0} \to K{}^{*0}\gamma) = (-3.3 \pm 2.3 \pm 0.4 )\%$, and $\mathcal{A}_{C\!P} (B^{+} \to K{}^{*+}\gamma) = (-0.7 \pm 2.9 \pm 0.6 )\%$. The measured difference in $C\!P$ asymmetries is $\Delta \mathcal{A}_{C\!P} = (+2.6 \pm 3.8 \pm 0.7 )\%$, and the measured isospin asymmetry is $\Delta_{0+} = (+5.0 \pm 2.0 \pm 1.5 )\%$. The first uncertainties listed are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are consistent with world-average values and theory predictions.
Published: 2024

48. Does the fluid-static equilibrium of a self-gravitating isothermal sphere of van der Waals' gas present multiple solutions?

Author: Giordano, Domenico, Amodio, Pierluigi, Iavernaro, Felice, and Mazzia, Francesca
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We take up the investigation we left in the future-work stack in Giordano \textit{et al.} [``Fluid statics of a self-gravitational isothermal sphere of van der Waals' gas,'' Phys. Fluids \textbf{36}, 056127 (2024)], in which we pointed out the obvious necessity to inquire about the existence or absence of values of the characteristic numbers \itm{\alphay} and \itm{\betay} in correspondence to which the perfect-gas model's self gravitational effects, namely, upper boundedness of the gravitational number, spiraling behavior of peripheral density, oscillating behavior of central density, and the existence of multiple solutions corresponding to the same value of the gravitational number, appear also for the van der Waals' model. The development of our investigation brings to the conversion of our M$_{2}$ scheme based on a second-order differential equation into an equivalent system of two first-order differential equations that incorporates Milne's homology invariant variables. The converted scheme \fomt\ turns out to be much more efficacious than the M$_{2}$ scheme in terms of numerical calculations' easiness and richness of results. We use the perfect-gas model as benchmark to test the \fomt\ scheme; we re-derive familiar results and put them in a more general and rational perspective that paves the way to deal with the van der Waals' gas model. We introduce variable transformations that turn out to be the key to study (almost) analytically the monotonicity of the peripheral density with respect to variations of the gravitational number. The study brings to the proof that the gravitational number is not constrained by upper boundedness, the peripheral density does not spiral, and the central density does not oscillate for any couple of values assumed by the characteristic numbers $\alpha$ and $\beta$; however, multiple solutions ..., Comment: Revision according to published article (21 pages, 26 figures, 1 table)
Published: 2024
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49. Search for Extended GeV Sources in the Inner Galactic Plane

Author: Abdollahi, S., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Adelfio, A., Ajello, M., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Bartolini, C., Gonzalez, J. Becerra, Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bonino, R., Bruel, P., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Castro, D., Cavazzuti, E., Cheung, C. C., Cibrario, N., Ciprini, S., Cozzolongo, G., Orestano, P. Cristarella, Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Di Lalla, N., Dinesh, A., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fiori, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giacchino, F., Giglietto, N., Giliberti, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gupta, R., Hashizume, M., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Horan, D., Hou, X., Kayanoki, T., Kuss, M., Laviron, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Liguori, A., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Loizzo, P., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lorusso, L., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Martí-Devesa, G., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M. N., Mereu, I., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monti-Guarnieri, P., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Panzarini, G., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pillera, R., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Bernal, M. Rocamora, Sánchez-Conde, M., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Serini, D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. B., Torres, D. F., Valverde, J., Wadiasingh, Z., Wood, K., and Zaharijas, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The recent detection of extended $\gamma$-ray emission around middle-aged pulsars is interpreted as inverse-Compton scattering of ambient photons by electron-positron pairs escaping the pulsar wind nebula, which are confined near the system by unclear mechanisms. This emerging population of $\gamma$-ray sources was first discovered at TeV energies and remains underexplored in the GeV range. To address this, we conducted a systematic search for extended sources along the Galactic plane using 14 years of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV, aiming to identify a number of pulsar halo candidates and extend our view to lower energies. The search covered the inner Galactic plane ($\lvert l\rvert\leq$ 100$^{\circ}$, $\lvert b\rvert\leq$ 1$^{\circ}$) and the positions of known TeV sources and bright pulsars, yielding broader astrophysical interest. We found 40 such sources, forming the Second Fermi Galactic Extended Sources Catalog (2FGES), most with 68% containment radii smaller than 1.0$^{\circ}$ and relatively hard spectra with photon indices below 2.5. We assessed detection robustness using field-specific alternative interstellar emission models and by inspecting significance maps. Noting 13 sources previously known as extended in the 4FGL-DR3 catalog and five dubious sources from complex regions, we report 22 newly detected extended sources above 10 GeV. Of these, 13 coincide with H.E.S.S., HAWC, or LHAASO sources; six coincide with bright pulsars (including four also coincident with TeV sources); six are associated with 4FGL point sources only; and one has no association in the scanned catalogs. Notably, six to eight sources may be related to pulsars as classical pulsar wind nebulae or pulsar halos., Comment: 43 pages, 17 figures, 11 tables
Published: 2024

50. On strong posterior contraction rates for Besov-Laplace priors in the white noise model

Author: Dolera, Emanuele, Favaro, Stefano, and Giordano, Matteo
Subjects: Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract: In this article, we investigate the problem of estimating a spatially inhomogeneous function and its derivatives in the white noise model using Besov-Laplace priors. We show that smoothness-matching priors attains minimax optimal posterior contraction rates, in strong Sobolev metrics, over the Besov spaces $B^\beta_{11}$, $\beta > d/2$, closing a gap in the existing literature. Our strong posterior contraction rates also imply that the posterior distributions arising from Besov-Laplace priors with matching regularity enjoy a desirable plug-in property for derivative estimation, entailing that the push-forward measures under differential operators optimally recover the derivatives of the unknown regression function. The proof of our results relies on the novel approach to posterior contraction rates, based on Wasserstein distance, recently developed by Dolera, Favaro and Mainini (Probability Theory and Related Fields, 2024). We show how this approach allows to overcome some technical challenges that emerge in the frequentist analysis of smoothness-matching Besov-Laplace priors., Comment: 24 pages
Published: 2024

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