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Purpose: To investigate the effect of full-mouth disinfection on the sizes of the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden and whether it leads to a decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Materials and Methods: The study included 20 systemically healthy subjects (11 women and 9 men) 30 to 68 years old with localised or generalised periodontitis (stage III, grade C). The sizes of the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden were measured with the web application “Periodontalwound”, which is based on measurements of average tooth cervices, as well as probing depths and bleeding on probing assessed at six sites around each tooth present in the oral cavity. The levels of hsCRP (high-sensitivity CRP) were measured with an immunochemical method. All three parameters were measured before initial treatment and 3 months after therapy. Full-mouth disinfection included removal of plaque and calculus with ultrasonic and hand instruments in one session. Results: The results showed a statistically significant decrease in the size of the periodontal wound (p < 0.001), a statistically significant decrease in the size of periodontal inflammatory burden (p < 0.001), and a decrease in hsCRP levels 3 months after therapy. Conclusion: Full-mouth disinfection leads to a decrease in the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden size, as well as a decrease in the levels of hsCRP in patients with localised or generalised periodontitis (stage III, grade C) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the relationship between periodontal health knowledge and oral health-related quality of life among Caribbean adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample from 3 Caribbean cities (weighted N = 1805). Participants completed a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, hygiene habits, and other practices, as well as the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The associations between knowledge and habits and OHIP-14 score and its tertiles were evaluated using negative binomial and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, adjusting for confounders. Odds ratios and regression coefficients were reported. Results: Participants reporting none, little, and adequate knowledge about gum health had higher odds of being in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those reporting “good knowledge” (ORnone vs good = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.59– 3.54; ORlittle vs good = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19–2.78; ORadequate vs good = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11–2.57). Participants reporting toothbrushing ≥ twice/day were less likely to be in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those brushing less often (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.92). Self-reported gum bleeding was associated with double the odds of being in the worse tertile (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.60–2.58). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, periodontal health knowledge is associated with reduced OHRQoL in Caribbean Adults. In addition, the frequency of brushing and the self-reported gum bleeding was related to a worse quality of life (QoL) level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusions Clinical practice guidelines suggest access flap surgery for managing deep residual pockets after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. Papilla‐preservation flap surgery (PPFS) is the least invasive approach to access and instrument biofilm‐contaminated root surfaces. Endoscopic‐assisted subgingival debridement (EASD) may enhance the outcomes of repeated instrumentation and provide a minimally invasive non‐surgical alternative.This was a single‐blind, controlled, randomized, parallel‐group, non‐inferiority 12‐month trial comparing EASD with PPFS. Male and female adults with generalized stage III periodontitis and persistent periodontal pockets associated with an intrabony defect after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy were recruited at Prince Philip Dental Hospital. Inter‐group differences in clinical attachment level (CAL) changes at 12 months were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included pocket resolution (no pocket > 5 mm and no pocket > 4 with bleeding on probing), radiographic bone changes, treatment time, early wound healing and quality‐of‐life measurements.Sixty‐two subjects (30 EASD and 32 PPFS) were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. CAL gains were 2.0 ± 1.0 and 1.8 ± 1.0 mm for test and controls, respectively. The 95% CI of the inter‐group difference was −0.3 to 0.8 mm and within the stipulated 1‐mm non‐inferiority margin. No inter‐group differences were observed (i) in pocket resolution, which was achieved in more than 87% of cases for all groups/time points, and (ii) in radiographic bone healing. The treatment time was significantly shorter for EASD than for PPFS. Better early wound healing index scores were observed for EASD. No inter‐group differences in pain, quality of life or safety were detected.EASD was not inferior to PPFS for managing residual pockets associated with intrabony defects. The observed outcome profile supports additional developments and studies to validate EASD as an alternative to surgery for isolated persistent pockets (ChiCTR‐INR‐16008407). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is often associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which manifests as recurrent thrombotic events or obstetric complications in presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Hereby we present a case of a child who presented with low grade fever, superficial thrombophlebitis with mucosal bleeding and was diagnosed as Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombonemia Syndrome (LAHS). Case: A 7-year-old girl was hositalized with complaints of fever and spontaneous bleeding from gums and epistaxis. On examination, she had multiple small tender nodular lesions with greenish hue of overlying skin suggesting superficial thrombophlebitis and mild non-tender hepatosplenomegaly. Her coagulogram revealed normal platelet counts and deranged PT and APTT. ESR and CRP were raised. Serology for viral infections, blood and urine cultures were negative. Patient had persistent coagulopathy, mucosal bleeding and low-grade fever despite supportive treatment. She was tested for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in view of suspicion of autoimmune process. ANA was positive in high titer with speckled pattern on indirect immunofluorescence. Mixing studies showed correction of PT and non-correction of APTT. PT based factors were normal except for prothrombin (FII) which was low and remained low despite dilution. APTT based factors (FVIII and FIX) were low but corrected on dilution. This was suggestive of prothrombin deficiency and a presence of a nonspecific inhibitor of APTT pathway (likely lupus anticoagulant). Presence of antiprothrombin antibodies established the diagnosis of LAHS. ENA profile was positive for SmD1, Ro60 and Ku. Complement levels were low. Direct Coomb's test was positive but there was no evidence of hemolysis. Lupus anticoagulant by DRVVT and anti-cardiolipin antibodies by ELISA were positive. Patient was diagnosed as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome. She was treated with IV methylprednisolone. Patient showed significant improvement in form of resolution of fever, mucosal bleeding, correction of deranged INR and reversal of hypocomplementemia. She was discharged on hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and tapering doses of prednisolone. On follow up, child was doing well and her prothrombin time and complement levels had normalized. Low dose aspirin was aspirin was added for thromboprophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) are commonly used as markers to evaluate oxidative DNA and Lipid damage in disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protect tissues against oxidative injury from free oxygen radicals generated by various metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-OHdG and MDA levels, and SOD and GPx activities in whole saliva of patients with peri-implant diseases. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sum of 60 age gender balanced; peri-implantitis (n = 20), peri-mucositis (n = 20) and healthy (n = 20) individuals. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and to determine the clinical condition of each subject; the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), peri-implant probing pocket depth (PIPD), peri-implant presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) (with/without suppuration) and radiographic signs of crestal bone loss (BL) were measured. The salivary 8-OHdG level was measured using the ELISA method. SOD, GPx activities and MDA levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: A total of 60 individuals had evaluations of 318 implants. In comparison to the peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis groups, the healthy group had significantly lower PI and GI scores (p < 0.001). The PIPD value differed amongst the groups, with the peri-implantitis group having the highest value (p < 0.001). Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher BL score (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group showed a significantly higher 8-OHdG level (p < 0.001; p < 0.001 respectively) than the peri-mucositis and control groups. Compared to the peri-mucositis and control groups, the peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher MDA level (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The peri-implantitis group had a significantly higher SOD level (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) in comparison to the peri-mucositis and control groups. There was no significant difference in GPx levels between the peri-mucositis and control groups (p > 0.05), while the peri-implantitis group had significantly lower GPx levels than the peri-mucositis and control groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Elevated levels of oxidative stress in saliva may indicate the onset of pathological bone loss surrounding the implant and may be an indication of peri-implantitis. Clinical relevance: In peri-implant diseases, changes may occur in the levels of 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD and GPx in saliva, which may lead to a deterioration in the oxidant/antioxidant balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000, the Surgeon General's report highlighted that the mouth is a mirror for overall health of an individual and that disparities in oral health are directly proportionate to general health inequities. Among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the most common comorbidities; several studies support the association of these conditions with periodontal disease. This study's main aim is to assess the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations from lower socioeconomic statuses. The study also aims to assess the association of self-reported periodontal disease with COVID-19 disease course and severity. A sample population of Indiana residents with positive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 were recruited. A validated survey tool was sent to this cohort inquiring about sociodemographic distribution; co-morbid conditions, current symptoms of "long haul COVID," course of their COVID-19 infection; history of periodontal disease, existing periodontal disease symptoms, and oral hygiene habits. 209 individuals with a history of positive COVID test were returned to the survey, and association of participant characteristics and periodontal disease-related survey items with COVID-related survey items were evaluated using chi-square tests. Lower sense of smell ratings was associated with less education (p = 0.021), being unemployed/disabled (p = 0.008), worse health status (p<0.001), more frequent bleeding gums (p = 0.031), more frequent toothache (p<0.001), lower oral health rating (p = 0.002), and vaccine status (p = 0.011). Lower sense of taste ratings were associated with older age (p = 0.018), worse health (p<0.001), more frequent bleeding gums (p<0.001), more frequent mobile or loose tooth (p = 0.010), presence of gum disease (p<0.001), more frequent loss of teeth (p = 0.013), more frequent toothache (p<0.001), worse oral health (p = 0.001), teeth lost due to gum disease (p = 0.006), and vaccine status (p = 0.001). History of hospitalization due to COVID-19 was found to be associated with a history of gum disease within the past 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Periodontitis (P), a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supportive tissues around the teeth, is three to four times more prevalent in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), with a direct correlation between its severity and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal clinical parameters following non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in P patients with or without type 2 DM. Methods: Forty patients with P were divided into two groups: Group DM/P and Group P. All the patients were assessed at baseline and at 90 and 180 days after receiving NSPT. The parameters evaluated included the HbA1c level, plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP). A statistical analysis was performed with a significance level set at α = 5%. Results: There were significant differences in the HbA1c levels between the DM/P and P groups at baseline, 90, and 180 days, as expected. Importantly, the HbA1c levels did not change after NSPT. Group P showed a significant reduction in both the PI and the BoP values at 90 and 180 days (p < 0.05). In contrast, Group DM/P demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of sites with a PPD ≥ 5 mm at 180 days (p < 0.05). Additionally, Group P exhibited an increase in sites with a PPD ≤ 4 mm and a decrease in sites with a PPD ≥ 5 mm at both 90 and 180 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DM may compromise the effectiveness of NSPT, potentially hindering favorable outcomes during the follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels are a feasible and useful parameter for screening periodontal diseases. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is useful to clinically assess periodontal diseases. However, PISA is difficult to calculate and PISA-compatible screening kits are required. We aimed to investigate the association between salivary LD levels, using a test kit, and PISA and PISA-Japanese and determine the feasibility and reliability of the salivary LD test kit for evaluation of periodontal status. Methods: This study included 110 patients (66.4% female, median and 25–75 percentiles of age were 66.5 and 53.0–75.0 years, respectively) who visited the Dental University Clinic in Japan. Resting saliva samples were collected from each participant and LD levels were evaluated in real time using a kit featuring an integer scale ranging from 1 to 10. PISA and PISA-Japanese were calculated using periodontal parameters. Results: The median salivary LD level was 4.0. The medians of PISA and PISA-Japanese were 46.9 and 61.0, respectively. Salivary LD levels were positively correlated with the bleeding on probing rate (r = 0.626, p < 0.001), PISA (r = 0.560, p < 0.001), and PISA-Japanese (r = 0.581, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that salivary LD levels assessed using the salivary LD kit showed a significantly positive correlation with PISA and PISA-Japanese. In addition, we developed the PISA estimation formula using salivary LD levels measured with a test kit, sex, and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The implant disease risk assessment (IDRA) tool was designed to assess an individual's risk of developing peri‐implant diseases by evaluating and integrating multiple risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the IDRA tool to determine the risk of developing peri‐implant disease in patients rehabilitated with dental implants. Methods: A retrospective observational cross‐sectional study was conducted, collecting data from 92 patients with 92 selected dental implants. Data included the history of periodontitis, sites with bleeding on probing (BoP), teeth and/or implants with probing depths (PDs) ≥ 5 mm, alveolar bone loss relative to the patient's age, susceptibility to periodontitis, the frequency of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), the distance from the restorative margin (RM) of the implant‐supported prosthesis to the marginal bone crest (MBC), and factors related to the prosthesis itself. Additionally, the validated instrument periodontal risk assessment (PRA) was employed for comparison. Statistical analyses utilized Chi‐square, Mann–Whitney, and ROC curve. Results: Outcomes indicated that 62 implants (67.4%) were classified as high‐risk. Among the IDRA parameters, history of periodontitis was the primary factor contributing to an increased risk (p < 0.001). IDRA revealed high sensitivity (100%) and low specificity (63%) (AUC = 0.685; 95% CI: 0.554–0.816; p = 0.047), and there was a low agreement between the IDRA and PRA tools (Kappa = 0.123; p = 0.014). The peri‐implant disease developed in 16 implants with 5.44 (±2.50) years of follow‐up, however, no significant association was observed between the high‐ and low‐medium risk groups and the occurrence of peri‐implant diseases. Conclusion: Most of the evaluated implants presented high IDRA risk. The IDRA tool exhibited high sensitivity and low specificity; no significant association was observed between the risk profile and the development of peri‐implant diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate esthetic parameters in the anterior maxillary region by comparing single‐piece zirconia versus titanium narrow‐diameter implants. Additionally, clinical, radiological and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analyzed. Materials and Methods: Thirty implants (tissue level implant) were placed in 30 patients in the maxillary esthetic sector. Depending on randomization, a zirconia (test) or titanium implant (control) was placed. Esthetic, clinical, and radiological parameters, including the implant crown esthetic index (ICAI), pink esthetic score (PES), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and marginal bone levels, were evaluated at 12, 36 and 60 months after loading. Results: Sixty months after crown placement, no significant differences were found between groups. The ICAI values were 5.25 ± 4.21 and 4.50 ± 2.98 for the test and control groups, respectively. The corresponding PES values were 7.44 ± 1.93 and 7.43 ± 1.74 for the test and control groups, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences for the rest of the parameters evaluated. Conclusion: It can be suggested that monotype zirconia implants may serve as a potential alternative to titanium implants in selected clinical scenarios. While the results demonstrated comparable esthetic, clinical, and radiological aspects for zirconia implants as compared to titanium implants after a 5‐year follow‐up period, further research with larger sample sizes and longer‐term follow‐up is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To retrospectively assess the periodontal conditions of teeth adjacent to and contralateral to implants presenting with or without peri‐implantitis, following non‐surgical periodontal and peri‐implant mechanical therapy. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one patients with existing dental implants and chronic periodontitis, who underwent non‐surgical periodontal and peri‐implant mechanical therapy, were included. The periodontal clinical probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at six sites around the adjacent (Adj‐) teeth and the contralateral (CL‐) teeth relative to the implant. The potential factors influencing the periodontal conditions of 316 teeth were analyzed by multivariate linear regression models with generalized estimating equation methods and α =.05. Results: The PPD of Adj‐teeth was significantly different from that of CL‐teeth before and after non‐surgical therapy when the implant was diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (PI) (p <.05). The PPD of teeth was shown to be affected by neighboring implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (β =.825 mm, p <.001), teeth adjacent to implants (β =.245 mm, p =.004), a molar tooth type (β =.435 mm, p =.019), and non‐surgical therapy (β = −.522 mm, p <.001). Conclusions: Relatively compromised periodontal conditions at Adj‐teeth after non‐surgical PI therapy were detected. Therefore, clinicians should be aware that non‐surgical therapy may be less successful at teeth adjacent to implants with PI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Smokers have a higher chance of developing peri-implant diseases and are therefore considered an at-risk population. Our aim was to compare peri-implant characteristics in users of electronic cigarettes (EC), waterpipes (WP), cigarettes (CS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and nonsmokers (nonusers of any nicotine and tobacco product; NS). Aims and Methods A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL) was performed until April 2023, restricted to English language. Thirty-nine observational studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 32 studies were included in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Using a predesigned form, two researchers independently collected data about marginal bone loss (MBL), probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding on probing, modified plaque index, probing pocket depth > 4 mm (PPD > 4), gingival index, peri-implant sulcular fluid volume, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. QUIPS and CINeMA were used to evaluate the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Results Nonsmokers had the smallest MBL. Most nicotine-containing product users had significantly higher MBL (CS, mean difference [MD]: 1.34 credible interval [CrI]: 0.85, 1.79; WP, MD: 1.58 CrI: 0.84, 2.35; ST, MD: 2.53, CrI: 1.20, 3.87) than NS. Electronic cigarettes did not show significant difference compared to NS (MD: 0.52 CrI: −0.33, 1.36). In secondary outcomes, NS were ranked in first place. Subset analysis based on smoking habit, implant duration, and maintenance control revealed no differences in ranking probability. Conclusions Most nicotine-containing product users presented worse peri-implant parameters compared to NS, while EC users did not show significant differences to NS in many outcomes. Implications Alternative nicotine-containing products are gaining popularity and are often considered less harmful by the general public compared to traditional cigarettes. This is the first network meta-analysis comparing users of four nicotine-containing products and NS. This study shows that CS, WP, and ST have a detrimental effect on the overall health of peri-implant tissues. EC users also presented inferior parameters compared to NS; however, the difference was not significant in many outcomes. It is essential to educate patients who are using nicotine-containing products, and to provide proper maintenance and appropriate cessation support. Well-designed multiarmed studies are needed for direct comparison of different products, including heated tobacco products. Greater transparency of confounding factors is needed regarding smoking habit and oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) tool in predicting the occurrence of peri-implantitis in patients who have received at least one implant, with a follow-up of up to 8 years. The records of patients who received one or more implants in the periodontology or oral surgery department of Saint Joseph University of Beirut between 2014 and 2018 were collected. Parameters related to the IDRA tool were obtained and the risk level calculated. Patients were recalled to assess their peri-implant status. The association between the IDRA risk level and the incidence of peri-implantitis was estimated. Overall, 145 patients were included in the study. A statistically significant association was found between the IDRA risk levels and the incidence of peri-implantitis (P = 0.003). High risk patients had 5.2 times higher odds of developing peri-implantitis than low-to-moderate risk patients (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a 69% probability that IDRA can identify patients at risk of developing peri-implantitis (P = 0.003). Further analysis found the percentage bleeding on probing to be the only significant IDRA vector. Within the limitations of this study, the IDRA tool is considered potentially useful for identifying patients at risk of developing peri-implantitis. It may serve as one component of a comprehensive peri-implant assessment, pending further enhancement of its predictive precision. Moreover, this tool can be considered before implant placement and during the periodontal maintenance phase. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04888572. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of erbium, chromium doped:yttrium,scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser application combined with non‐surgical mechanical debridement (MD) on clinical parameters and peri‐implant crevicular fluid receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the treatment of peri‐implantitis. Methods: A total of 49 patients who underwent non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 26) received MD alone, while the laser group (n = 23) received MD+Er,Cr:YSGG. The clinical parameters (bleeding on probing [BoP], gingival index [GI], plaque index [PI], probing depth [PD]), marginal bone loss (MBL), and biochemical parameters (RANKL and OPG) were measured at baseline (T0) and 6 months after treatment (T1). Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in all the clinical parameters in both groups at T1 compared to T0 (p < 0.05). The BoP, PD, MBL, and RANKL reductions were significantly higher in the laser group than in the control group (p = 0.046, p = 0.014, p = 0.047, p = 0.045, respectively). The OPG levels significantly increased at T1 in the laser group (p = 0.01). The OPG/RANKL ratio increased significantly in both groups at T1, which favored the laser group (p = 0.034). Conclusions: Although both treatment methods were influential in treating peri‐implantitis, the laser group (MD+Er,Cr:YSGG) yielded more favorable results by reducing clinical inflammation and improving biochemical parameters. Based on these findings, Er,Cr:YSGG laser may be a beneficial adjunctive treatment in this patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing marginal bone resorption is a challenge in implant dentistry. Sub-gingival implant placement has been suggested as a suitable strategy to avoid long-term esthetic and biological complications. A total of 38 healthy patients received bone-level (BLG-Control) or 2 mm sub-crestal (SCG-Test) conical connection, platform-switched implants. The test group received an immediate tissue-level abutment, following the one-time abutment (OTA) concept. Marginal bone modification (MBM) was calculated on standardized radiographs at surgery (T0), loading (T1), and 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) months after loading and classified as bone loss (BL) if it occurred below the implant neck and bone remodeling (BR) if above. Pocket-probing depth (PPD), Bleeding on probing (BoP), and Plaque Index (PI) were collected. At 12 months, the mean MBM was 0.61 mm in the test group and 0.52 mm in the control group. In all the cases of the test group (SCG), MBM occurred only above the implant neck, therefore being classified as BR, and no BL was observed. In the control group (BLG), MBM occurred below the implant neck, thus corresponding entirely to BL. The test group had an average PPD of 2.38 mm compared to 3.04 mm in the control group, with BoP at 50% and 43%, and PI at 33% and 19.44%, respectively. At one year after loading, sub-crestal conical connection, platform-switched implants show comparable MBM to bone level implants; however, no bone loss was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Retainers have the potential to detrimentally impact periodontal health and contribute to tooth decay. Objectives To investigate periodontal health and bacterial biofilm related to Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) fixed retainers as compared to Dead-soft coaxial fixed retainer (DSC). Trial design A two-arm parallel groups single-centre randomized clinical trial. Methods The trial included patients whose orthodontic treatment was completed and required retainers. Participants were randomly assigned into two retainer groups: PEEK retainers, prepared by computer-aided design and manufacturing into 0.8 mm wire form, and DSC retainers. The objectives included assessing periodontal health through plaque accumulation index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), and alveolar bone height (ABH) assessment. Biofilm assessment involved bacteriological screening of aerobic, facultative anaerobic, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli. The periodontal indices and microbiological screening as well as were assessed at the debonding stage (T0), 1-month (T1), 3-month (T3), and 6-month (T6) after the commencement of the trial, except for the ABH, which was recorded using periapical radiograph at T0 and T6. Blinding Single blinding of participants in addition to the bacteriological specialist. Results Initially, the trial enrolled 46 participants, aged between 12 and 28 years, and were randomly assigned to two groups, with 23 participants in each group. Subsequently, one participant withdrew from the trial, resulting in a total of 45 participants whose data were analysed. Assessment of the periodontal indices, excluding the CI (P  = .480), revealed statistically but not clinically significant differences between groups after 6-month of retention (P  = .016 of PI, P  = .020 of BOP, P  = .05 of PPD, and P  = .01 of GI). There was slight plaque accumulation, normal PPD (approximately 1 mm), healthy to mild gingivitis with a GI of less than 1 and BOP was around 10%. Concerning the ABH, there was a noticeable reduction in its score after 6 months, particularly in the PEEK group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P  = .102). Furthermore, the bacteriological viable count did not show any significant difference between the groups during the recall visits. Harms There have been no reported negative consequences. Limitations Blinding the assessor of periodontal indices was not feasible due to the nature of the intervention. The trial follow-up duration was limited. Conclusions Both the PEEK and DSC retainers have comparable impacts on periodontal health and bacterial accumulation and composition during the retention period. Trial registration NCT05557136. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion This study aimed to report the clinical and radiographic results of 2.8 mm two‐piece narrow diameter implant (NDI) supporting fixed restorations.Clinical and radiographic data of 54 NDIs in 32 patients were retrospectively assessed after 2 to 11 (mean 8.17) years of follow‐up. Clinical and radiographic measurements were taken. Survival rate, implant and prosthesis failure, pink aesthetic scores (PES), white aesthetic scores (WES), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), marginal bone loss (MBL), and mechanical and biological complications were evaluated.An implant failed during the follow‐up period, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 98.15% at the implant level and 96.88% in the patient. The total mean values of PES and WES for 2.8 mm NDIs were 7.09 ± 1.15 (range: 3.33–9.00) and 7.42 ± 1.03 (range: 3.67–9.33). The prevalence of sites with positive BOP was 38.14 ± 29.77%. The mean PD value was 2.46 ± 0.62 mm. The average MBL was 1.15 ± 0.74 mm (range: 0.25–4.03 mm). No implant or abutment fracture was detected. A veneer chipping was present in one patient, and a loose crown appeared in another patient. Two implants (3.7%) and two patients (6.3%) were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis.Within the limitation of the study, the results indicate that the use of two‐piece 2.8 mm NDI for the fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous regions with reduced interdental and/or buccal–lingual width is viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontitis is common in dogs. It is characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth due to the host-immune response triggered by plaque. Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract showed anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate improvement in periodontitis following the administration of Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract in dogs. Periodontitis was experimentally induced in 10 beagle dogs. Five dogs were administered 40 mg of Magnoliae cortex extract and 20 mg of Zea mays L. extract orally once per day for 2 months (MZ group), whereas the other group received empty gelatin capsules (control group). Periodontal clinical parameters, complete blood count, serum chemistry parameters, and tissue inflammatory cytokines and chemokine expression were assessed before and after combined oral extracts administration. Results: The complete blood count and serum chemistry results of all dogs were within normal ranges. Gingival inflammation in MZ group was significantly better than that in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks post-medication (PM; p < 0.05). The periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss at 8 weeks PM in the MZ group were significantly lower than the baseline values (p < 0.05). The incidence of bleeding on probing in the MZ group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 weeks PM (p < 0.05). Throughout the medication period, the percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were higher and lower, respectively, in the MZ group. However, these differences were only significant at 8 weeks PM. The expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α and the chemokine IL-8 in the inflamed tissues was lower in the MZ group, and the two groups showed a significant difference in TNF-α expression. Conclusions: Combined administration of Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract improved the clinical symptoms of periodontal disease in dogs. This beneficial effect may be partly due to the inhibitory effects of these extracts on the inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Without mechanical cleaning, gingivitis can develop within three weeks. The first clinical sign is bleeding on positive probing. The accumulation of dental biofilm triggers an inflammatory gingival response. In the past decade, attention has focused mainly on interproximal areas and the use of customized interproximal toothbrushes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized oral hygiene education and its role in dental disease prevention among patients with dental problems. Methods: Altogether, 102 patients, 38 males and 64 females, were included in the study. All patients were aged over 18 years. Before treatment, patients were clinically and radiologically examined, their full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and bleeding on brushing (BOB) were recorded, and matrix-metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) was measured by using a chair-side MMP-8 measuring system. Patients in group A had gingivitis but no periodontal damage, and group B had periodontal damage. Patients in both groups were divided into four subgroups based on their toothbrushing habits and the oral health education they received. Three months after the initial examination, each patient was examined three more times (2, 4, and 12 weeks later). Results: It was concluded that subjects in groups A1 and B1 showed a significant reduction in BOB, MMP-8, FMBS, and FMPS levels after two weeks. Solo Prophylaxis (A1 and B1) remained a well-constructed protocol and caused the complete resolution of interdental inflammation after two weeks. Other subgroups achieved significant reductions only after 12 weeks. Conclusions: BOB and MMP-8 tests are valuable complements in preventive dentistry, and are able to detect potential pathological processes. The clinical relevance of BOB testing, in addition to FMBS, FMPS and gingival inflammation testing, can be demonstrated to patients, which may increase compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the association between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health in a representative sample of the Spanish population aged 6–14 years. We also examined the contribution of several sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of children/adolescents and their family environment. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 3,402 subjects aged between 6 and 14 years from the Spanish National Health Survey. The presence of ADHD symptoms was determined using the self-reported hyperactivity/inattention subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Oral health was assessed using five indicators: caries, extraction, restorations, gingival bleeding, and the presence of teeth in poor condition (e.g., broken or misaligned). Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between the presence of ADHD symptoms and oral health indicators. These models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle variables, and oral hygiene behaviors relating to both the children and their parents. Results: Compared to children without ADHD symptoms, children with ADHD symptoms had a higher risk of caries (fully adjusted odds ratio: 2.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.66–2.82), extraction (1.42; 1.09–1.85), restoration (1.47; 1.19–1.82) and gingival bleeding (1.64; 1.11–2.41). The increased risk of caries was maintained when the analyses were restricted to middle/high social class families and children with low sugar intake, good oral hygiene behaviors and regular dental visits. Conclusions: Children with ADHD symptoms in Spain had worse oral health indicators than those without ADHD symptoms. Our results suggest that the association of ADHD symptoms with caries was independent of socioeconomic level, cariogenic diet, frequency of toothbrushing, and dental visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Methods Results Conclusions This study aimed to explore multiple effects of hyperbranched poly‐l‐lysine (HBPL) titanium (Ti) surfaces on osseointegration, bacteriostasis, and anti‐inflammation across three different animal models.Ti surfaces were covalently modified with HBPL, with uncoated surfaces as controls. Characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface chemistry and elemental analysis (EDX). Ti and Ti‐HBPL implants were placed in conventional canine edentulous sites, post‐operative infection canine edentulous sites, and diabetic rat tibias. Implants from canine edentulous models were analyzed using micro‐CT and histomorphometry to assess osseointegration at 8 weeks. Post‐operative infection beagles were used to evaluate antibacterial efficacy through clinical parameters and bacterial cultures at 1 week. In diabetic rats, micro‐CT and histomorphometry were performed at 8 weeks.HBPL was uniformly grafted on Ti‐HBPL surfaces. Ti‐HBPL surfaces showed higher bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, p < 0.001), bone‐implant contact (BIC%, p < 0.001), and trabecular number (Tb.N, p < 0.01) in beagles. Besides, it displayed higher BIC% (p < 0.001) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%, p < 0.01) in hard tissue sections. In an infected model, Ti‐HBPL surfaces exhibited lower bleeding on probing (BOP, p < 0.001), and plaque index (DI, p < 0.01), with reduced bacterial colony formation (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In diabetic rats, Ti‐HBPL surfaces showed an increase in BV/TV (p < 0.01) and Tb.N (p < 0.001), downregulated TNF‐α and IL‐1β (p < 0.01), and upregulated IL‐10 (p < 0.01) and osteocalcin (OCN) expression (p < 0.01).HBPL‐Ti surfaces demonstrated enhanced osseointegration, bacteriostasis, and anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human oral cavity contains over 700 types of bacteria that may protect the body against colonization by exogenous pathogens and maintain relative homeostasis. However, alterations in the immune status can disrupt the balance between microorganisms and the host, inducing various diseases such as oral cancer and diabetes mellitus. The mechanism underlying this process is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between subgingival bacteria, T-cell receptor β-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (TCRβ CDR3), and the development oforal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We grouped patients as “healthy periodontal” (H), “moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis” (C), and “moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis with OSCC” (T). Bacterial groups were “subgingival plaque” (bp) and “gingival/tumor tissue” (g). We also recorded patients’ age, gender, attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). We extracted and sequenced RNA from plaques, gingival tissues, tumors, and teeth. We performed high-throughput sequencing on TCRβ CDR3 and plaque bacteria.Synergistetes and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the H group than in the T group. Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus infantis were enriched in the T-bp group. AL, BOP, and PD were positively correlated with Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, and Pseudomonas but negatively correlated with Prevotella nigrescens and V. parvula. TCRβ CDR3 diversity was C > H > T. TCR β-chain Variable gene (TRBV)20-1 usage varied among the H, C, and T groups. TRBV2 and TRBV5-1 usage was greater in the T group than in the C group. TRBJ1-1, TRBJ1-2, TRBJ2-2, TRBJ2-7, and TRBJ2-5 were most frequently used. These trends and the reduction of gingival Synergistetes were correlated with OSCC. TCRβ CDR3 diversity was the lowest in patients in the T group, and there were considerable changes in the expression of TRBV2 and TRBJ. Therefore, plaque bacterial composition can influence TCRβ CDR3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Periodontal regeneration is defined histologically as the new formation of tooth-supporting tissues, which includes alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum, on a previously lost root surface. The application of protein derivatives of the enamel-derived matrix (EDM) was introduced as an alternative to obtain periodontal regeneration, in furcation affectations and intraosseous periodontal defects. Furcation involvement is bone resorption in the bifurcation or trifurcation area of a multirooted tooth. Case report. 38-year-old, female patient, ASA I, who presented for consultation for a restoration change in OD 36. On clinical and radiographic examination revealed a grade II furcation defect according to Hamp, with loss of horizontal support > 3 mm, but without passing the probe and vertical probing depth < 3 mm at the vestibular and lingual midpoint, presence of bleeding on probing. Once the hygienic phase was completed, periodontally regeneration with EDM (Emdogain®). Reduction of a grade II furcation defect to grade I was achieved after six months, with radiographic bone filling in the furcation area and vertical and horizontal probing < 3 mm. Conclusions. Class II furcation defects are the most predictable to obtain complete furcation closure or Class II to I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This clinical investigation evaluated oral health improvements after the use of a novel zinc toothpaste in comparison to a control after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of use. Clinical assessments of gingivitis, bleeding and dental plaque evaluated oral health. Methods: Healthy adults meeting the study criteria (plaque index scores ≥ 1.5 and gingival index scores ≥ 1.0) were randomized into a treatment group with 74 participants assigned to the test and 73 participants assigned to the control groups. With the assigned toothpaste, subjects were instructed to brush at home twice a day for one minute. Subjects were evaluated clinically for gingivitis, plaque and bleeding at the baseline, employing 3-week and 6-week examinations. Results: All one hundred and forty-seven (147) subjects completed the 6-week study with no significant differences between groups at baseline (p > 0.05). The test demonstrated progressive improvements at the 3-week and 6-week evaluations as compared to the control (p < 0.001). In comparison to the control, the test demonstrated reductions of 13.4%, 17.0% and 55.3% for gingivitis, dental plaque and gingival bleeding, respectively, at the final visit (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Clinical improvements in gingivitis, dental plaque and gingival bleeding were registered in the group assigned the test toothpaste as compared to the control. The test toothpaste demonstrated statistically significant and progressively improving gingivitis, dental plaque and gingival bleeding scores that were all statistically significant versus the control at each post-treatment assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes at marginal bone level at implants restored with screw‐retained prosthesis connected directly to the implants or with an intermediate abutment, after 3‐year follow‐up. Material and Methods: Thirty‐six partially edentulous patients received 72 implants. Each patient received 2 implants and a 2–4‐unit screw‐retained implant‐prosthesis. The test group implants received a screw‐retained prosthesis connected directly to the implant shoulder, the control group prosthesis were connected through a 3‐mm standardised intermediate abutment. Clinical and radiological data were recorded at baseline and at 6‐, 12‐, and 36‐month follow‐up. Results: At 36 months, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.13 ± 0.18 mm for the control group and 0.20 ± 0.24 for the test group, with no significant differences between groups (p >.05). Clinical variables (Probing Pocket Depth, Bleeding on Probing and Plaque Index) at 36 months also showed no significant difference between groups. Minor complications frequency was 6.7% in the control group and 5.3% in test group. None of the groups suffered from mayor complications. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) showed a General Satisfaction mean score in the control group of 9.40 (SD 0.82) and 9.37 (SD 1.06) in the test group with no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: Bone‐level implants restored with screw‐retained partial prostheses with or without intermediate abutments showed similar radiographic and clinical outcomes after 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to compare discomfort/pain after periodontal and peri‐implant probing in patients with titanium compared with zirconium implants. Methods: One examiner recruited and examined 70 patients, each of whom had a dental implant with a contralateral tooth; 37 patients had titanium implants of various types and 33 patients had zirconium implants; one implant was analyzed for each patient. Periodontal and peri‐implant probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed. Immediately after probing, patients rated their discomfort/pain with a visual analog scale (VAS). The emergence profiles of implant crowns were assessed on periapical radiographs of the implants. Results: Seventy patients with a median age of 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 42–65 years), including 43 females and 16 current smokers, were examined. The mean PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) were higher around implants than around teeth (p <.001). CAL and suppuration were well‐balanced between implants and teeth. Peri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing [median VAS score: 12.5 (IQR 4–22) vs. 9 (2–15); p <.001]. Logistic regression revealed that discomfort/pain after peri‐implant probing was less intense in patients who had taken analgesic medication (p =.021) and around titanium implants (p =.037). Conclusions: Peri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing. Patients who had taken analgesic medication experienced less discomfort and pain with peri‐implant probing than those who had not; furthermore, titanium implants were associated with less pain than zirconium implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Connective tissue graft substitutes have been used widely to overcome autogenous graft limitations. Nevertheless, they do not provide comparable results in the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant soft tissue defects. Based on the principles of tissue‐engineered materials, injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) has been combined with collagen matrices (CMs) to enhance their clinical efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series demonstrating the use of i‐PRF for the biofunctionalization of a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) as an adjunct to coronally advanced flap (CAF) to treat single gingival recession (GR) defects. Methods & Results: The study included 10 patients. Bleeding on probing, probing depth, GR height, clinical attachment level, esthetics, and dentin hypersensitivity were evaluated. After 6 months, a significant GR reduction (RecRed: 2.15 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.005) and percentage of root coverage (% RC) of 81.13% were observed. Additionally, 40% of the sites showed complete root coverage. Gingival thickness increased 0.64 mm. Patient‐centered evaluations demonstrated dentin hypersensitivity and esthetics improvements by the end of follow‐up. Conclusion: VCMX biofunctionalized with i‐PRF associated with CAF technique showed promising clinical outcomes in the treatment of single RT1 GR defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This randomized controlled trial was aimed to evaluate the combined efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) and scaling and root planing (SRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects having periodontitis. Methods: Twenty‐six Stage III, grade C periodontitis subjects (HbA1c > 7) were recruited in this split‐mouth study. Following SRP, the test sites received subgingival application of i‐PRF, while the control sites received saline. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results: Twenty‐three participants completed the course of research. The Friedman test followed by Dunn's post hoc test, revealed significant improvement in all the clinical parameters from baseline to 3 and 6 months in both the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). The mean PPD and CAL decreased from 6.30 ± 1.25 and 7.48 ± 1.75 at baseline to 3.48 ± 1.34 and 4.39 ± 1.67 at 6 months in control sites and from 6.57 ± 1.56 and 7.61 ± 1.69 to 3.39 ± 1.23 and 4.26 ± 1.81 at 6 months in test sites (p ≤ 0.0001). Intergroup analysis found no statistical significant differences in the evaluated parameters across all time intervals (p > 0.05) Conclusion: The results indicated that the adjunctive application of i‐PRF to SRP provided similar benefits as saline and SRP in diabetes mellitus subjects. Key points: Question: To find the combined efficacy of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) along with scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of periodontal pockets of Stage III and Grade C periodontitis patients having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Finding: All of the treated sites showed satisfactory healing. Both the treatment modalities (i‐PRF + SRP and Saline + SRP) were effective in the treatment of periodontal pockets. At 3 and 6 months, there were no significant differences in periodontal parameters between groups.Meaning: The application of i‐PRF as an adjunct to SRP provided similar benefits as saline and SRP in improving clinical parameters in subjects with stage III and grade C periodontitis patients having T2DM (HbA1C > 7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients display a reduced in vitro response to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which may have functional immune consequences. The aim of this study was to characterize, by flow cytometry, the frequency/activity of monocytes and naturally occurring myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in peripheral blood samples from patients with periodontitis and patients with periodontitis and RA. Methods: The relative frequency of monocytes and mDCs in the whole blood, the frequency of these cells producing TNFα or IL-6 and the protein expression levels for each cytokine, before and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli plus interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were assessed by flow cytometry, in peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy individuals (HEALTHY), 10 patients with periodontitis (PERIO) and 17 patients with periodontitis and RA (PERIO+RA). Results: The frequency of monocytes and mDCs producing IL-6 or TNF-α and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the PERIO group were generally higher. Within the PERIO+RA group, P. gingivalis and related antibodies were negatively correlated with the monocyte and mDC expression of IL-6. A subgroup of the PERIO+RA patients that displayed statistically significantly lower frequencies of monocytes producing IL-6 after activation presented statistically significantly higher peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)2/4 activity, anti-arg-gingipain (RgpB) IgG levels, mean probing depth (PD), periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and bleeding on probing (BoP). Conclusions: In the patients with PERIO+RA, innate immune cells seemed to produce lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are correlated with worse periodontitis-related clinical and microbiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Alveolar bone augmentation before implant placement is a safe and effective treatment option for the reconstruction of a deficient alveolar ridge. According to recent research, permanent teeth have been used as bone graft materials, with studies confirming their clinical and histological results. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar ridge augmentation with autogenous tooth roots and staged implant placement, and peri-implant tissue stability in augmented sites. Methods: A total of 20 augmentations with autogenous tooth roots on mandibular alveolar ridges in 15 patients were performed. After 6 months, the ridge width (RWa) and ridge width gain (RWg) were measured. Titanium dental implants were placed in grafted sites and loaded 10 weeks after placement. Clinical parameters (bleeding on probing—BOP; probing depth—PD; mucosal recession—MR; and clinical attachment level—CAL) were assessed 2 months (T1), 3 years (T2), and 5 years (T3) after implant loading. Results: The mean RWa was 6.71 ± 0.74 mm, and the RWg was 3.15 ± 0.54 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for clinical parameters (BOP, PD, MR, and CAL) among different time points (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Autogenous tooth roots represent a viable solution for alveolar ridge augmentation and implant placement, providing a stable environment for peri implant tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal tissue damage is mainly caused by the active form of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase-8, aMMP-8, the concentration of which in the mouth rinse can be measured with a mouth rinse chairside-test. The mouth rinse chair side test can be used to identify adolescents with a risk of periodontitis. Methods: The data were collected at the Kotka Health Centre (2004–2005, N = 501 and 2014–2015, N = 47) and at the Hämeenlinna Health Centre (2017–2018, N = 125) consisting of adolescents aged 14–17. They underwent a complete periodontal examination, and some were subjected to the aMMP-8-test. Results: We identified bacterial plaques in combination with increased bleeding on probing (BOP), elevated aMMP-8 concentration, smoking and male sex as the main risk factors for initial periodontitis. Approximately 10% of adolescents had subclinical periodontitis, they were not periodontally healthy, but also not sick. They may not develop periodontitis, but they are at the risk. The aMMP-8 test positivity had a stronger association with initial periodontitis than BOP. Conclusions: In addition to identifying risk factors, these adolescents need individual prevention and, if necessary, early treatment. For the periodontal health biomarker aMMP-8, test negativity ([-], ≤20 ng/mL) should be sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to any abnormalities in kidney structure or function that remain longer than 3 months and negatively impact health. Characterized by a loss of nephrons and a decline in the glomerular filtration rate, CKD can stem from various diseases, such as glomerular, vascular, and others, with treatment options including dialysis or kidney transplantation. Many patients with CKD go undetected because they exhibit no symptoms. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory reaction that results in destruction in the periodontium's connective tissues and alveolar bone, potentially leading to such clinical signs and symptoms as edema, erythema, bleeding on probing, suppuration, tooth mobility and migration, alveolar bone loss, and tooth loss. Recent studies point to a connection between periodontal disease and systemic conditions, including CKD. Periodontal disease severity and presence may correlate with the occurrence of CKD. While various bacteria can cause periodontal disease, specific ones, such as Gram-negative bacilli, are linked to the beginning and progression of CKD, especially in people with compromised immune systems. It is beneficial, therefore, for clinicians to understand the association between CKD and periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze a series of patients who underwent full-arch rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla using additively manufactured subperiosteal implants, between August 2018 and January 2023, at the Universities of Sassari and Poznan. In total, 36 patients and 72 implants were included, with no implants lost during follow-up, and a success rate of 90.3%. Seven (9.7%) of the implants showed class 1 exposure. Bleeding on probing was detected in 10.4% of the abutments at 6 months, 7.9% at 1 year, 10% at 2 years, 7% at 3 years, and 11.4% at 4 years. No significant bone resorption under the abutments was detected during the whole observation period. Based on the findings from this study, additively manufactured subperiosteal implants could represent a safe and reliable technique for full-arch rehabilitation in patients with severe maxillary atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objectives of this pilot study are to compare the oral health status of institutionalised and non-institutionalised elderly people in Xiamen, China, and investigate oral health-related factors among this population. Methods: One elderly residential centre and one community centre in the same district were invited to join this study. Elderly people who were aged 65 years or older and able to participate in the oral health examination and questionnaire survey were recruited. Their demographic information, oral health-related behaviours, and oral health-related quality of life were collected through a questionnaire survey. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the Community Periodontal Index were adopted to assess caries experience and periodontal status, respectively. A chi-square test, a t-test, and a correlation analysis were conducted for data processing. Results: Forty-nine elderly people participated in this study. There is no significant difference in the demographic background between non-institutionalised and institutionalised people. The mean DMFT index in the institutionalised group is significantly higher than that in the non-institutionalised group (p = 0.004). In contrast, the non-institutionalised group showed a significantly higher prevalence of gingival bleeding (p = 0.013) and a higher prevalence of periodontal pockets (p = 0.006) than the institutionalised group. Monthly income is also associated with the caries experience in this population. Conclusions: Institutionalised elderly people showed a higher severity of dental caries but a lower prevalence of periodontal symptoms than the non-institutionalised group. It is noteworthy that the generalisation of this pilot study is limited. Future research should be conducted to comprehensively investigate the oral health status of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A number of mechanical decontamination methods have been proposed, however, there is no agreed-upon gold standard among them. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the differences in the management of an inflammatory reaction around dental implants between air abrasion and mechanical decontamination. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, incorporating controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms. This search was conducted by two reviewers to identify published systematic reviews. Three major electronic databases, namely, Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane database, and Embase, were searched up to May 2024. Results: Initially, 300 articles were identified. After conducting a comprehensive search and applying strict inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the mean difference in probing depth between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, −0.20 to 0.76). The mean difference in probing depth of air abrasion compared with other mechanical decontamination in maintenance purposes was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 1.91). The mean difference in bleeding on probing between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.95). The mean difference in alveolar bone loss between air abrasion and other mechanical decontamination was −0.14 (95% confidence interval, −0.77 to 0.48). The mean difference in alveolar bone loss for surgical approaches of air abrasion compared with other mechanical decontamination was 0.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.61). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that the use of air abrasion was just as effective as other mechanical decontamination methods in reducing probing depth and alveolar bone loss. The subgroup analysis showed that air abrasion was less effective in reducing probing depth in maintenance purposes. Additionally, air abrasion was less effective in reducing alveolar bone loss in surgical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to subjectively assess the changes in the oral health status of pregnant women, to find out their attitudes and knowledge about possible changes in the oral cavity that occurred during pregnancy, and their influence on the outcomes of pregnancy. Methods: 112 pregnant women who visited the Republican Siauliai Hospital during their pregnancy participated in the study. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct the research, surveying their demographic characteristics, oral health changes and habits during pregnancy, and awareness of possible negative pregnancy outcomes. Results: The study involved 112 pregnant women, with 35 in the first trimester, 28 in the second, and 48 in the third trimester. The findings revealed that pregnant women do not take sufficient care of their oral health: more than half of the respondents did not visit an oral care specialist during pregnancy; 22.3% of women reported brushing their teeth only once a day or less; and 35.7% did not clean interdental surfaces at all. Statistically, significantly more urban women believed there is a relationship between maternal oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes than women living in rural areas (p = 0.013). While significant oral health changes were not observed in the first trimester, more women in the second and third trimesters reported issues such as bleeding gums, swelling, plaque accumulation, tartar, and caries (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The attitude of women towards oral health during pregnancy and their understanding of the possible risks for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes are insufficient. Notably, oral health issues become more prominent in the second and third trimesters, necessitating appropriate oral care to reduce the incidence of oral and dental diseases during pregnancy. This underscores the importance of educational and preventive public health policies focused on oral care for pregnant women, aimed at increasing awareness and promoting practices that safeguard both maternal and fetal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical results of single-tooth ceramic crowns in the posterior region produced from three different monolithic materials.Materials and Methods: A total of 36 posterior single-tooth crowns were fabricated from lithium silicate glass-ceramic (LSGC; n = 12), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC; n = 12), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN; n = 12) in 27 patients. Restorations were evaluated for prosthetic and periodontal criteria at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Prosthetic evaluation was performed according to the Modified United States Public Health Service criteria, and probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), and gingival (GI) and periodontal indices (PI) were evaluated in the periodontal assessment. Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses (P = .05).Results: All restorations were evaluated according to survival and success rates. No dropouts occurred. The survival rate of all three materials was 100% after 1 year. However, in the PICN group, a statistically significant difference was found between baseline (0) and 12 months for color match (from Alpha to Bravo) and surface texture (from Alpha to Charlie) (P < .001).Conclusion: Although long-term clinical follow-up periods are needed, all three ceramics showed clinically acceptable survival and success rates over 1 year. The ceramics evaluated in the present study could be preferred for single-tooth full-crown restorations in the posterior region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate changes in the periodontium of teeth restored with ultrathin (0.2 to 0.39 mm) ceramic laminate veneers (CLVs) placed subgingivally without a finish line compared to the same teeth before restorative treatment and to nonrestored antagonist teeth in healthy periodontium patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 CLVs were bonded onto the enamel surface of teeth without a finish line and with the cervical margin placed about 0.5 mm subgingivally. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected before bonding (baseline) and at 7, 180, and 365 days after bonding to quantify S mitis, P intermedia, and P gingivalis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and marginal adaptation were evaluated from baseline to 365 days in both groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in VPI, PD, or BOP at any time point in the intragroup or intergroup comparisons (P > .05). All restorations obtained the alpha concept for marginal adaptation (ie, the restoration margin remained ideal at all time points). There was a statistically significant difference for S mitis between 180 and 365 days (P = .03). No statistically significant difference was observed for P gingivalis at any time point (P > .05). Conclusion: The periodontium in the restored group showed a clinical behavior similar to baseline. Overcontouring of the ultrathin (up to 0.39 mm) CLV, similar to the cementoenamel junction convexity, did not contribute to plaque accumulation or changes in the oral microbiota of patients with a healthy periodontium and proper oral hygiene instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]