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Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although ambitious, forest landscape restoration (FLR) is still very high on global climate change mitigation and adaptation research and policy agendas. The scientific literature highlights the importance of institutions and actors' collaboration for achieving the intended outcomes. Despite these diffuse indications, a comprehensive understanding of the role played by different types of actors and institutions in shaping FLR outcomes is missing. This hinders the definition of an actor-cum-institutions research agenda for FLR, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, in this region, different actors with diverse interests shape FLR practices. Likewise, formal and informal institutions are known to collide frequently. Hence, this paper addresses the lacunae by systematically reviewing FLR actors' interests and power manifestations and the typologies of institutions linked to FLR outcomes in SSA. The review further defines future research agendas on actors and institutions in SSA. The following lessons can be drawn from the review of 75 peer-reviewed journal articles: First, while exogenous actors are interested more in the ecological benefits of FLR, endogenous actors are interested in economic ones. Second, exogenous actors mostly use (dis-)incentives and coercion to shape the behavior of endogenous actors in FLR. Finally, while the exogenous formal institutional typology produces positive and negative ecological, economic, political, and sociocultural FLR outcomes, the endogenous formal and informal institutions produce only positive outcomes. Future studies should identify actors' compliance levels of the exogenous and endogenous formal and informal typologies of institutions. Future studies should also analyze the effectiveness of FLR-linked institutions towards ensuring successful FLR., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Exercise has proven to be an effective adjuvant treatment to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in mildly affected adult Pompe patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week tailored lifestyle intervention, consisting of physical training and a high protein diet (2 grams/kg), in children with Pompe disease. This randomized controlled semi-crossover trial investigated the effects of a lifestyle intervention on the primary outcome: exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes were: muscle strength, core stability, motor function, physical activity levels, quality of life, fatigue, fear of exercise, caloric intake, energy balance, body composition, and safety. Fourteen Pompe patients with a median age of 10.6 [IQR: 7.2-14.5], of whom six classic infantile patients, participated in the lifestyle intervention. At baseline, patients had a lower exercise capacity compared to healthy peers (median 70.3% [IQR: 54.8%-98.6%] of predicted). After the intervention, absolute Peak VO 2 improved significantly (1279 mL/min [1012.5-2006] vs. 1352 mL/min [1101.5-2069], p = 0.039), but not compared to the control period. Muscle strength of the hip flexors, hip abductors, elbow extensors, neck extensors, knee extensors, and core stability improved significantly compared to the control period. Children reported a significant increase on the change in health domain of quality of life, parents reported significantly better scores on the quality of life domains: physical functioning, change in health, family cohesion, and fatigue. A 12-week tailored lifestyle intervention for children with Pompe disease seemed safe and led to improvements in muscle strength, core stability, quality of life, and parent-reported fatigue. Pompe patients with a stable disease trajectory seemed to benefit the most from the intervention., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of SSIEM.)

The EU's Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan (FLEGT) adopted in 2003 includes bilateral trade agreements known as Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) signed between the EU and timber-supplying countries. The EU has invested more than 1.5 billion euros in VPAs; however, only one of the seven concerned countries has managed to complete all the necessary requirements to expire FLEGT licences. Since there is no research that comprehensively integrates the scientific evidence regarding the effects of this policy, this study systematically reviews all empirical scientific studies on the effects of VPAs. We found that almost all relevant studies are case reports that use qualitative data and focus on only one country at a time, mainly Ghana, Cameroon, or Indonesia. The evidence suggests that while VPAs have contributed to the establishment of governance structures, tools, and procedures they have not been able to solve social problems (i.e., inequality and injustice) and have potentially harmed the economies of EU timber suppliers. Evidence on the effects of VPAs on illegal logging and trade and the environment remains limited. Thus, future research should focus on more countries; use a greater range of methods, including comparative experimental designs; explore possible intended effects on under-researched categories; and systematically investigate unintended effects on other categories within and outside the forestry sector., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Fredy D. Polo Villanueva, Yitagesu T. Tegegne, Georg Winkel, and Lukas Giessen report an employment relationship with the European Forest Institute (EFI) at the beginning of the study. However, Polo, Winkel and Giessen changed to other institutions at the time the study was submitted for review. Tegegne is current senior staff at EFI. Although these employment binds were and are with the scientific branch of the EFI, it is important to state that this institution has another branch, called EFI FLEGT Facility, which support the negotiation and implementation of the VPAs. Furthermore, unlike in previous cases, the other co-authors have had no affiliation with EFI either when they participated in the co-design of this study or when they contributed to the final version of the manuscript., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context: Globally, forest landscapes are rapidly transforming, with the role of institutions as mediators in their use and management constantly appearing in the literature. However, global comparative reviews to enhance comprehension of how forest management institutions (FMIs) are conceptualized, and the varying determinants of compliance, are lacking. And so too, is there knowledge fragmentation on the methodological approaches which have and should be prioritized in the new research agenda on FMIs., Objectives: We review the regional variations in the conceptualization of FMIs, analyze the determinants of compliance with FMIs, and assess the methodological gaps applied in the study of FMIs., Methods: A systematic review of 197 empirically conducted studies (491 cases) on FMIs was performed, including a directed content analysis., Results: First, FMIs literature is growing; multi-case and multi-country studies characterize Europe/North America, Africa and Latin America, over Asia. Second , the structure-process conceptualization of FMIs predominates in Asia and Africa. Third , global south regions report high cases of compliance with informal FMIs, while non-compliance was registered for Europe/North America in the formal domain. Finally, m ixed-methods approaches have been least employed in the studies so far; while the use of only qualitative methods increased over time, the adoption of only quantitative approaches witnessed a decrease., Conclusion: Future research should empirically ground informality in the institutional set-up of Australia while also valorizing mixed-methods research globally. Crucially, future research should consider multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to explore the actor and power dimensions of forest management institutions., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01577-8., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

To reveal the interests of actors in forest governance, this paper proposes a power-based interest identification (PII) approach. Based on the assumption of intentional action, the benefits that actors derive from policy impacts are the result of interest-driven actions. This paper further proposes a theoretical definition of interests that includes formal goals at the social and ecological levels, as well as informal political, economic, and strategic interests. Researchers need to identify powerful actors by identifying power mechanisms and resources, and can then observe actors' formal goals through interviews and documents. For informal interests, the actor observes the informal gains of powerful actors in policy impacts, which are then coded according to political, economic, and strategic interests. Combining these steps, actors can infer the formal and informal interests of powerful actors.•Researchers can verify actors' formal objectives by interview and documents.•Among policy impacts, researchers can observe influences at the social and ecological levels, as well as changes in actors' control, economic gains, and dissemination of ideas.•Researchers can infer informal interests of powerful actors from observation of policy impacts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)

This paper outlines Representation-Influence Framework (RIF) for analyzing the roles of organized interest groups (OIGs) in environmental governance. This framework is created to check OIG claims as representatives of particular groups within society, to capture OIG diversity, including those acting beyond the pursuit of common interests. The development of this framework used two basic OIG roles-the extent of OIGs in representing group interests and exerting political influence on governments. This framework proposes three main categories of OIGs based on their claims as representatives of particular social groups, en route to fulfilling the claims, breaking the claims, and opposing the claims. Finally, this framework is able to present types of OIGs in environmental governance.•RIF is an applicable framework for analyzing the roles of organized interest groups•This framework proposes categories and types of OIGs based on the extent of their role-fulfillment in representing particular groups within society and exerting political influence on governments•This framework captures the actions of OIGs beyond the pursuit of common interests., Competing Interests: The Authors confirm that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the globe have implemented a certain degree of lockdown, restricting citizens' freedom of movement and freedom of assembly. This article aims to illustrate the impact that the measures against the spread of COVID-19 have on forest recreation, building on a study in an urban context around Bonn (Germany) that was conducted between April 2019 and February 2020. The quantitative and qualitative data on urban forest visits from that study were supplemented with new census data supported by selected expert interviews. We found that visitor numbers since the inception of COVID-19 measures in March 2020 have more than doubled. Visitor patterns have drastically shifted, from an even distribution throughout the day with small peaks before and after office hours to a culmination in the late afternoon. Lastly, the interviewed forestry professionals have noted that a new set of visitors, i.e. young people, families with children and non-locals, has arrived to the forest. This influx of more and novice visitors poses challenges for forest managers and urban forest policy. It is, however, also a unique opportunity for a substantial engagement of forestry with society at large, that has implications for forest policy, especially in urban areas, possibly beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Although there are no effective disease-modifying therapies for mitochondrial diseases, an increasing number of trials are being conducted in this rare disease group. The use of sensitive and valid endpoints is essential to test the effectiveness of potential treatments. There is no consensus on which outcome measures to use in children with mitochondrial disease. The aims of this two-day Delphi-based workshop were to (i) define the protocol for an international, multi-centre natural history study in children with mitochondrial myopathy and (ii) to select appropriate outcome measures for a validation study in children with mitochondrial encephalopathy. We suggest two sets of outcome measures for a natural history study in children with mitochondrial myopathy and for a proposed validation study in children with mitochondrial encephalopathy.

Background: Hypoxemia during sleep is a common finding in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients with more advanced lung disease. Nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with frequent awakenings and poor sleep quality. For children with CF, data of nocturnal oxygen saturation are sparse., Objective: To assess the oxygen saturation profile during sleep in 25 clinically stable children with CF lung disease and to correlate these data with spirometry, cough frequency, sleep quality, and CT-scan scores., Method: During two nights cough was recorded with a digital audio recorder in 25 clinically stable CF patients. In addition oxygen saturation was measured. The day following the recording spirometry was carried out. CT scores were obtained from the most recent routine CT scan., Results: Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Mean age (range) was 13 (6-18) years. Spirometry was FVC% 84 (range 52-114), FEV(1) % 77 (range 43-115), and FEF(75) % 50 (range 12-112). The mean SO(2) was 95.6% for the first and 96.2% for the second night. Mean SO(2) between the two nights correlated strongly (r(s) = 0.84, P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between mean SO(2) of the two nights (mean × SO(2)) and FVC, FEV(1) and FEF(75). Correlations were found between mean × SO(2) and the total CT score (r(s) = -0.45, P = 0.05) and the bronchiectasis subscore (r(s) = -0.48, P = 0.03)., Conclusion: Nocturnal oxygen saturation in children with stable CF is lower than that in healthy children, and is correlated with lung function parameters and CT scores. Monitoring oxygen saturation during one night is sufficient to get a representative recording., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Introduction: To date no studies have been published on nocturnal cough frequency in children with stable CF. Aim of the study was to assess nocturnal cough frequency in children with CF. In addition nocturnal cough frequency was correlated with parameters of disease severity., Methods: During two nights cough was recorded with a digital audio recorder in 25 patients (mean age 13 years; range 6-19) with clinically stable CF. In addition oxygen saturation was measured. The day following the recording spirometry was carried out. CT scores were obtained from the most recent routine CT scan. Cough was expressed in cough seconds (csec) and in cough seconds per hour (csec/hr)., Results: Data shown are median values and interquartile range (IQR). First night: 8 csec (IQR 3-52); 0.9 csec/hr (IQR 0.3-6.1) Second night: 6 csec (IQR 2-32); 0.6 csec/hr (IQR 0.1-3.4). Csec in the 1st night did not correlate significantly with csec in the 2nd night. Only for the 2nd night a strong correlation was found between csec/hr and the FEV1%pred (r(s) = -0.75, P < 0.001) and FEF(75) %pred (r(s) = -0.71, P < 0.001). Bronchiectasis score correlated borderline with the mean csec/hr of both nights (r(s) = 0.39, P = 0.08). During both nights cough was significantly higher in the first hour of sleep (P < or = 0.04)., Conclusion: Frequency of nocturnal coughing in children with CF was higher than that described for normal children. Nocturnal cough tended to be more severe in children with more advanced CF lung disease. Nocturnal cough was more severe in the first hour of sleep and varied from night-to-night., (Copyright 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

In CF patients with mild or moderate lung disease, the most sensitive spirometric measure of response to dornase alfa is peripheral airflow. Cross-over studies in patients, already stabilised on dornase alfa, indicate that peripheral airflow shows greater improvement when it is administered 30 minutes before airway clearance therapy (ACT) rather than shortly after ACT. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the major role of dornase alfa is to facilitate expectoration of sputum during ACT. When ACT is performed in the morning, efficacy and safety are similar when dornase alfa is inhaled before bedtime or upon awakening. Most patients may therefore choose the most convenient time of day to inhale dornase alfa provided that they wait at least 30 minutes before performing ACT. Further research is necessary to establish the optimum regimen in patients with more advanced lung disease.