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The contributions of Australians on shell shock are absent from the literature. However, two Australians were pioneers in the treatment of shell shock: George Elton Mayo (1880–1949) and Dr Thomas Henry Reeve Mathewson (1881–1975). They used psychoanalytic approaches to treat psychiatric patients and introduced the psychoanalytic treatment of people who suffered from shell shock. Their ‘talking cure’ was highly successful and challenged the view that shell shock only occurred in men who were malingering and/or lacking in fortitude. Their work demonstrated that people experiencing mental illness could be treated in the community at a time when they were routinely treated as inpatients. It also exemplified the substantial benefits of combining science with clinical knowledge and skill in psychology and psychiatry.

In response to anti-Black policing in 2020 that led to the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, Black children and teens turned to poetry as a means to channel their self-described terror, rage, pain, horror, tiredness, and need for change. Reminiscent of the poetry of the Black Arts Movement and works published in The Black Panther newspaper, these poems, many of which call for a “revolution,” are reflective of young people’s critical engagements with the world and the word. With critical literacy as a framework, I engage in critical discourse analysis to determine how the young poets reimagine literacy as they protest anti-Black policing and racism. By focusing on young people’s own grassroots literacy initiatives, which call for the reimagination of blackness and whiteness, and demand truth, justice, and reimagined futures, I demonstrate how educators can reimagine literacy practices to center students’ criticalities and prioritize racial justice.

The “Poems of Doubtful Authorship” in modern editions of Samuel Johnson’s poetry include three Latin poems that were first associated with Johnson in 1856. This article reveals the weakness of this alleged “attribution” and discusses the arguments for and against Johnson’s authorship of each poem in turn. While certainty is impossible, it concludes that he possibly wrote the translation Ex cantico Solomonis but that Venus in Armour and The Logical Warehouse are unlikely to be his.

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.

Of the sixteen stories Hannā Diyāb told Antoine Galland to help the elderly scholar complete his 12-volume Mille et Une Nuits (1704–1717) six were omitted. This article examines one of the six discarded tales, “A Sultan of Samarcand”. Rediscovered by Hermann Zotenberg in the late 1880s, translated soon there­after into English by Richard Burton, it was contextualized historically as a product of Eastern Christian narrative tradition by Joseph Szövérffy in 1956 and categorized typologically by him within the Aarne–Thompson tale-type index, as it then existed. Kevin Tuite’s recent research and translation of an eleventh-century Georgian religious legend supports my hypothesis that the Christian St. George legend supplied the story’s core episode. The role of reference works is introduced inter alia to illuminate their role within knowledge creation in general and in the discontinuities of “A Sultan of Samarcand” research in particular.

This essay analyzes how George A. Romero, in his underrated psychological vampire film Martin, translates individual trauma (slow, process-based, unrecognized) into collective trauma (sudden, event-based, recognized) through a vocabulary of horror. The language of trauma spoken by Martin is not the one we expect from the horror film, with its traditional investments in fantastic spectacle. Instead, it is a language that combines horror’s fantastic vocabulary and documentary’s realist vocabulary in ways that undermine our attempts to distinguish between the two modes. Romero’s vision urges us to see catastrophe where we are accustomed to seeing only the mundane, and collective trauma where we routinely see only individual trauma. In Martin’s version of horror, the economic decline of Braddock, Pennsylvania, is paired with trauma connected to the Vietnam War and immigration. The film moves between these coordinates to revisualize the distinctions that divide the fantastic from the real as well as the individual from the collective.

This article offers a critical and personal reflection on the role of curiosity, fragments, and play in creating meaningful encounters with archives in the college classroom. Drawing on play theory, poetics, media studies, and pedagogical theory, the essay reimagines archival collections as formal and material playgrounds open to spontaneous experimentation. Through reflections on the finding aid, logistical media, Curious George, and other subjects, the essay finds in the archive an elemental play that can be harnessed to create a radically spontaneous pedagogy organized around student curiosity. By cultivating the curiosity inherent to archival play, teachers can actively shape the playful dividend that arrives when students enter the archive and begin to search, find, and discover meaningful patterns in the fragments of history.

George Berkeley is known as “The Good Bishop,” a name celebrating his faith, pastoral ministry and earnest commitment to his philosophical views. To mathematicians, he is known for his agitated per...

‘Fiddling while Rome burns’ is arguably the most familiar English saying inspired by classical antiquity. The image of Nero actually playing an instrument during the Great Fire is not, in fact, found in ancient sources: the first English reference belongs to Cooper's 1548 revision of Elyot's Latin–English Dictionary, where Nero is said to play a harp during the conflagration. In 1649 the royalist poet George Daniel applied the term ‘fiddle’, and the familiar modern form of the expression, as a byword for a leader's neglect, was apparently coined in a 1680 English parliamentary speech by Silius Titus.

The ability to solve the mathematical equation problem is very important for the thinking development of middle school students. “How to solve it” of George Polya is famous in the world. 6 questions cognitive model proposed by Professor Zhou are monitored through metacognition, and the 6 questions are coherent, complete and sequential. This paper found that the 6 questions cognitive model can help implement “How to solve it” of George Polya and reduce students' cognitive load. At the same time, this study found that 6 questions cognitive model can help students solve the mathematical equation problem better.

The author discussed the history of books, leaflets and posters collected by George Friedlaender (1829–1892), a Berlin physician, who was mainly concerned with the Revolutions of 1848 in Germany. Till the WWII his collection belonged to the Berliner Stadtbibliothek. After the war a large part of it became the property of the Library of the University of Lodz. Since Friedlaender sympathized with the Poles’ struggles for independence, he collected around 120 items of literature on the Polish matter. The research conducted in the library proved that about half of his Polish prints are now located in Łódź. Some of those books were signed by Count Eugeniusz Breza (1802–1860) and most probably belonged to his collection in the 19th century. W artykule omówiono losy kolekcji Georga Friedlaendera (1829–1892), berlińskiego lekarza, który zbierał książki, druki ulotne i plakaty z okresu Wiosny Ludów w Niemczech. Kolekcja ta do II wojny światowej należała do Biblioteki Miejskiej w Berlinie (Berliner Stadtbibliothek), a po 1945 r. duża jej część stała się własnością Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Ponieważ George Friedlaender odnosił się z sympatią do starań Polaków o odzyskanie własnego państwa, zgromadził również ok. 120 druków o tematyce polskiej. Kwerenda przeprowadzona w BUŁ z pomocą wydanego w 1897 r. katalogu wykazała, że połowa z tych poloników znajduje się w Łodzi. Wiele z nich nosi podpis hr. Eugeniusza Brezy (1802–1860) i zapewne należała w XIX w. do jego księgozbioru.

Christian growth must not only be considered in terms of the growth of numbers. The growth in the church must also be considered in the level of depth and the quality of Christian conversion within a cultural milieu. The depth of the faith has a lot to do with how the Gospel speaks directly to the minds and hearts of its hearers. Moreover, the Gospel can speak to the hearts and minds of its hearers when the indigenous world views that condition the inner lives of the people are given serious consideration. The study is a review of the major works of Sidney George Williamson on the Christian faith and Akan culture in Ghana. As an early student of the tension between the Christian faith and Akan culture and the challenges of Christian identity, Williamson draws attention to the fact that Christianity can adequately meet Akan Christian needs when it pays attention to the cultural worldview of the people it seeks to serve. The study as a qualitative one uses both primary and secondary sources. Interviews and observations were conducted in some Akan communities on the integration of Christian faith and Akan cultural worldview. The study points to the fact that the construction of theology among Akan Christians must be done from the inside to the outside and not from outside to the inside, the approach that Western missionaries adopted. The spiritual needs of Akan Christians will be adequately met when they hear the Gospel in their own cultural understandings rather than theology done in the West offered to the Akan in European worldview. The study further calls attention to the preparedness of the churches in the Akan cultural environment for paradigm shifts in the Christian faith and Akan Cultural engagements in post-missionary African Christianity. Keywords: Akan Culture, Christian Faith, Local Theologies, Sidney George Williamson

This paper makes an effort to investigate the obstacles in nonequivalence at the idiomatic and expressional level and then presents some certain factors to face such difficulties in Animal Farm novel (1945) by George Orwell and its translation by Amir Amirshahi (1969). The researchers in the current study try by analyzing six certain strategies as using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning and form, similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language, translation by paraphrase, translation by the omission of a play on idiomatic expression and translation by the omission of entire idiomatic expression (Baker, 2011). Moreover, the present research is a descriptive, non-judgmental, comparative and corpus-based analysis of EnglishPersian parallel study. The findings demonstrate the fact that the practical ways in the translation of idiomatic expressions presented by Baker (2011) are applicable, and the most useable strategy is using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning but dissimilar form at 35.96%.

Cough is the most common symptom of respiratory diseases, however, in distressing and severe cases, opioids are effective, but their use has been challenged by side effects such as sedation, constipation; also, by some addictive liability, as well as the compromise of respiratory function. Therefore, there is a dire need for effective antitussives that will override the limitations of the opioids. Chrysophyllum albidum (Linn), family Sapotaceae, and also known as African star apple is primarily a forest tree species with its natural occurrences in diverse ecozones in Uganda, Nigeria and Niger Republic. Across Nigeria, it is known by several local names, for example, as ‘Agbalumo’ in Yoruba, and is generally regarded as a plant with diverse ethno-medicinal uses, including the treatment of cough and asthma. The present study was designed to evaluate possible antitussive activity of Chrysophyllum albidum. Cough was induced in the animals using 25 % ammonium hydroxide- and acetic acid (concentrated), after which the mice were randomized into treatment groups as follows: (Group 1, normal control), 10 mg/kg dextromethorphan (Group 2), 5.7 mg/kg codeine (Group 3), 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, Chrysophyllum albidum (groups 4, 5 and 6). Cough induction was carried out in an enclosed dessicator for one minute and the number of coughs was, counted and recorded for five minutes. The animals were further exposed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for acetic acid-induced cough. Chrysophyllum albidum showed significant antitussive activity (p

George Saunders is an American short story writer. His writings include moral sting and stints of realism. This article is an analysis of one of his famous stories The Semplica-Girl Diaries. The story is a fine example of hedonism which means favouring pleasure and avoiding pain. This article speculates the idea of hedonism in the characters of this story and brings forth the theme of moral myopia. Hedonistic treadmill was at multiple times was being operated by those characters who try to own pleasure in spite of biting bullets. The other elements like American dream and consumerism have been analysed through the lens of narrator.

In George Eliot’s holograph notebook in the Bodleian Library in Oxford (MS. Don. G. 8) containing material gathered while researching her Italian novel Romola set at the end of the fifteenth century in Florence, there appears a seemingly incongruous entry: ‘Instead of carrier-pigeons the electric telegraph’.1 This note is preceded by a short list of books on the history of Venice in the Middle Ages, and followed by a quotation from one of these sources together with two more entries from Edward Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. The notebook was in use between January 1862 and late 1864, and some of these entries can be closely related to material which eventually found its way into the novel. However, Eliot’s entry on carrier-pigeons and the electric telegraph appears to be wholly unconnected with the surrounding material, and I was unable to trace a source for it while researching my edition of Eliot’s Bodleian Romola notebook. An almost identical note appears in another Eliot notebook also containing notes made while researching Romola, which reads: ‘Instead of carrier pigeons—the electric telegraph!’.2 The editor of MS 708 was also unable to identify a source for this entry. Similar entries to those in MS. Don. G. 8. surround the MS. 708 entry, which is preceded by notes from Gibbon’s Decline and Fall, Hody’s De Graecis Illustribus, and followed by an unidentified entry on the length of time it took the Roman Empire to adopt Christianity and further unidentified entries on topics including the conception of the Supreme Being, and a little girl telling God a fable ‘because he must be so tired of hearing prayers’. Like MS. Don. G. 8, MS 708 was probably in use from early 1862 onwards.

George Floyd’s killing brought us together for this special issue.A year later, we wrapped up the manuscripts for this issue and witnessed the trial and conviction of Derek Chauvin. Floyd’s killing...

George Yancy’s existential analyses of Black life in anti-Black and anti-intellectual US society have been evocative and magisterial. The different parts of his Across Black Spaces both reprise his earlier work and take it further with new notes of concern. I suggest that COVID-19 is metaphysical, that Yancy’s work is uniquely important for studies of race in the United States and as an intervention in our collective intellectuality. However, I suggest that we might move discussions of race ahead by considering the intransigent nature of White racial status. (I begin and end this symposial review with discussion of my own existential situation.). © 2020 Society for Applied Philosophy

George L. Mosse belongs to the extremely productive generation of scholars to whom we owe fundamental insights into general and German-Jewish contemporary history. They fled Hitler in childhood and adolescence and received their academic training not in the country and language of their birth, but in exile. In the context of this generational experience, this essay explores the very real and symbolic significance that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe had for this generation throughout their lives. poet “It argues that the poet and his works deeply shaped émigré self-perception, in which one opposed the notion that the hyphen between “German-Jewish” indicated any separation.”. For George L. Mosse, as well as for many of his fellow historians in exile, Goethe was therefore the symbol of the own, the inner, not the acquired knowledge of others. It was a cosmopolitan, almost Jewish Goethe who was defended even after the catastrophe, because culture was not conceived in the fateful category of limited national property.

This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.

George Mackay Brown’s poetry and prose in relation to Orcadian history and landscape.

Theorists such as Stuart Hall have problematised the idea that identity is something that remains essentially the same across time. Since doctrine has been cast as that which safeguards Christian identity, this provokes the question: what role can doctrine play if this is the case? Critiquing George Lindbeck's The Nature of Doctrine in light of Kathryn Tanner's work on rules suggests that doctrine cannot regulate, constitute or generate the necessary conditions for Christian identity. Doctrine can, however, still play a role in generating Christian meaning without regulating identity by determining how concepts are formed in Christian community.

In this study, a fuzzy Meir-Keeler’s contraction theorem for complete FMS based on George and Veeramani idea is established. Then, we characterize fuzzy Meir-Keeler’s contractions as contractive types induced by functions called fuzzy L -function. Moreover, we show that the converse of it is true. Finally, we bring some examples and corollaries certify our results and new improvement.

George Radin (Đorđe Radin, 1896–1981) was one of the numerous Serbian emigrants in the USA in the period right before WW2. He studied at the most eminent American Universities and had become an attorney, then a lawyer and finally an expert in international law. He managed to achieve great success and expertise in the field of American foreign politics and diplomacy. In the period between the two World Wars, he met Bishop Dr. Nicholai Velimirovich who made a strong impression on him. He was the Bishop’s guide across the USA during his two visits there: in 1920 and in 1927. During his first visit to the continent, the Bishop had organized the life of the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC), considering that at the time SOC didn’t have its residing bishop there. Radin was, according to his own testimony, one of the organizers of the Bishop’s arrival to America at the beginning of 1946. He had been of the opinion that this significant Bishop should live in one of the Protestant Churches and hold lectures at the Universities, thus serving SOC and its members. In other words, it was his conviction that the Bishop should have organized the church life in the same way he did in his previous two visits to the USA. However, the situation between the two World Wars was far more complicated. The Serbian Church had by that time appointed its ruling bishop in America and Canada — Dionisiye Milivoyevich (Dionisije Milivojević, 1898–1979), who parted ways with Bishop Nicholai soon after his arrival to the USA. Immense damage had been done to the SOC by the utter lack of cooperation between these two bishops. Bishop Nicholai found a “Solomon’s solution” for this by deciding to live and work in Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox Monastery in South Canaan, Pennsylvania. It was in this holy place that he reposed in 1956. Until the end of his life, Radin was of the opinion that a fundamental mistake had been made by the secession of the opportunity that through abiding in the Protestant communities Bishop Nicholai might do more for the SOC and the Serbs, especially through his acquaintances and contacts with the representatives of other Christian confessions, primarily Protestants. He mentioned this in his correspondence with Sliјepchevich (Đoko Slijepčević, 1908–1993). Also, Radin made all the efforts in his power to help overcome the current schism in the SOC. He wrote about his opinions, ideas and steps taken in that direction to the bishops of the Serbian Church, as well as the Patriarch German Djorich himself. Even though the Patriarch of the SOC also made efforts to help overcome the schism, at one point he told Radin that this unfortunate and extremely difficult issue is an internal matter of the SOC, and thus should be dealt with internally. In the appendix of this work, there are excerpts from the letters found in the Radin — Slijepchevich correspondence. They illustrate the enormous mutual trust and respect that these two acquaintances had for each other, having met by the mediation of Bishop Nicholai. The excerpts also present the opinions of the respectful lawyer and law expert — Radin who, in his own way, tried to contribute to the benefit of the SOC. They also convey his judgment on the importance of Bishop Nicholai as well as his discernment about the missed opportunity that the above mentioned bishop should have been presented with in order to contribute more to the SOC, its faithful people and all the Serbs in general — on the American continent, as well as in the whole world. It is clear that he remained hindered in that respect — among other factors — by the will of Bishop Dionisiye. Only a few years after the death of Bishop Nicholai, the most complicated problem of the SOC in diaspora unraveled — the schism. Radin directed all his attention and efforts towards the solution of this problem, in the ways he considered to be the most acceptable. In all this he had agreement with and support of Slijepchevich, with whom he had researched the best ways of achieving reconciliation. Fragments of his letters imply that the majority of his emigrant life he devoted to taking care of Bishop Nicholai, as well as fighting against schism and finding the possibilities of its overcoming.

Yale Osborn MS. b 197 includes a neglected witness, one of six, to George Herbert’s “Aethiopissa ambit Cestum Diuersi Coloris Virum,” followed by the only known copy of a twenty-two-line reply, “Cesti ad Aethiopissam Responsio.” This latter cannot be said with any certainty to be Herbert’s; it is nevertheless a fascinating rejoinder to perhaps the most un-Herbertian of his poems. This paper provides edited texts, original translations, and apparatus; a description of the manuscript; and consideration of arguments for and against attributing the new poem to Herbert., Le manuscrit conservé sous la cote Yale Osborn MS. b 197 contient un témoin peu étudié, l’un de six, de l’« Aethiopissa ambit Cestum Diuersi Coloris Virum » de George Herbert, suivi de la seule copie connue d’une réponse de vingt-deux lignes, « Cesti ad Aethiopissam Responsio ». Si cette dernière ne peut être considérée avec certitude comme étant de Herbert, elle constitue néanmoins une réplique fascinante au poème, peut-être le moins herbertien de cet auteur. Cet article fournit une édition de ces textes et leur traduction, avec apparat critique. Il comprend également une description du manuscrit et une réflexion sur les arguments en faveur et à l’encontre de l’attribution du nouveau poème à Herbert.

Condensed as it is, Leonard Cottrell and Dymond’s (1949) account of the significance of empathy is far-reaching. The authors take George Herbert Mead’s thinking as their starting point, emphasizing...

This article examined the Indonesian translation of the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell (1945). It was translated into Binatangisme by Mahbub Djunaidi, published in 1983. The diction of the novel was highlighted because diction was one of the important elements in the acceptability and accuracy words in literary works that need to be considered. There are three categories of dictions which analyzed in this article such as translation of pronoun, translation of cultural adaptation, and translation of terms and sentencing as proposed by Newmark (1988) and Nida (1964). The qualitative method in the form of content analysis was applied to obtain information data that are objective, systematic, and descriptive quantitative about what appears in the choice of diction. The data were collected through close reading which highlighting or giving comments in the forms of monologues and dialogues as well as phrases and sentences. While the data analysis was compared between the source language and the target language. As the result, the translation was near to the target language culture. Mostly, the translator tend to describe the meaning through detailed explanation and used more specific meaning words.

This article is a brief remembrance of the life and career of George Charles Kaiser, MD, the 32nd president of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

The archival materials describe in a detail way the period of Giorgi (Maiashvili) Zdanovich's study at the Kutaisi Classical Gymnasium and his student years in St. Petersburg. Giorgi (Maiashvili) Zdanovich has been involved in revolutionary activities since his student years. In 1874 he became a full member of the Russian Social-Revolutionary Organization and was nicknamed "Rizha". Giorgi never ran away from problems, he took on a very responsible work, particularly: he was forced to import secret literature from abroad, for which reason in 1875 a twenty-year-old young man was arrested. He was convicted of so-called process of 50. The court verdict of Giorgi (Maiashvili) Zdanovich was severe. Despite the convict's difficult detention period, he did not stop striving for the goal. Giorgi's first steps in journalism start with the manuscript newspaper.

The author explains that his previous philosophical arguments for compatibilism (“the logical harmony of determinism and volition,” which he explicates as value-determinism-plus-conditional-free-will) provide a robust basis for ethical and legal responsibility. He defends entity causation, arguing that no coherent model of the universe, including human action, can be formulated that rejects entities as the nexus of identity and causality. Finally, he contends, ontological compatibilism (of determinism and free will) and ethical compatibilism (of determinism and personal responsibility) are both best supported by a more fundamental methodological compatibilism of philosophical and scientific approaches to seeking truth.