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A three-dimensional solution for the problem of transversely loaded, all-round clamped rectangular plates of arbitrary thickness is presented within the linear, small deformation theory of elasticity. The Ritz minimum energy principle is employed to derive the governing equation of the plate made of functionally graded materials. In theory, if we employ an infinite number of terms in the displacement series, the exact solution can be determined. However, a practical limit always exists due to numerical implementation. The solution has a validity comparable to some higher order theories. A power-law distribution for the mechanical characteristics is adopted to model the continuous variation of properties from those of one component to those of the other. The displacements and stresses of the plate for different values of the power-law exponent are investigated. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1985429]

The approach by Siu and Bert and by Leissa that was originally developed for isotropic plates is extended to the problem of forced damped vibrations of functionally graded simply supported rectangular plates in the three-dimensional setting. Contrary to classical normal mode analysis, in this study the forced-vibration response is determined without prior solving the free-vibration problem. The solution is obtained by the Rayleigh-Ritz method, extended to include the damping term and the work done by the external excitation. Numerical results are presented for a two-phase graded material with a power law variation of the volume fraction of the constituents through the thickness. As a byproduct, the natural frequencies and the static solution are also determined. The dynamic response as well as exact natural frequencies of homogeneous plate are used to assess the accuracy of the present formulation. A parametric study with respect to varying volume fraction of the constituents and thickness ratio is conducted. The analysis is applied to predict the dynamic response of a functionally graded plate subjected to a harmonically exciting force on its top surface.

The synthesis and properties of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) protected by perfluorinated amphiphiles are presented. The results from hydrophobic radical probe have shown that the water-soluble NP (MPC-F8-PEG) monolayer has displayed greater hydrophobicity when compared to the analogous hydrogenated monolayer.

A demonstration that the core size of metallic nanoparticles passes on to the protective organic monolayer that has various water soluble properties could be measured with the help of ESR spectroscopy is presented. Results confirmed that ESR spectroscopy is an effective tool to check the properties of nanoparticles that binds them.