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This study aimed to investigate college of education students' level of computational thinking proficiency and the differences in their level based on their demographic characteristics, i.e., gender, program, and age. The study used a descriptive research design in which 190 students in the College of Education completed a computational thinking questionnaire. The computational thinking scale consisted of five dimensions, i.e., creativity, algorithmic thinking, cooperativity, critical thinking, and problemsolving. The results showed that the level of computational thinking among students was diverse and fell within a moderate range. Gender-based analysis indicated a significant difference in only one dimension of computational thinking, i.e., algorithmic thinking, with females scoring lower than males. In addition, based on students' academic program, significant variations were observed in algorithmic thinking and overall computational thinking levels, particularly between Bachelor and PhD programs, with PhD students scoring higher than Bachelor students. Additionally, the age-based analysis highlights significant differences, with older students consistently outperforming younger ones across various computational thinking dimensions. Based on the findings a set of recommendations was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Considering the critical role of higher education institutions in the advancement of the 2030 Agenda, this paper aims to analyse the incorporation of the gender perspective (Sustainable Development Goal 5) in the University Cooperation for International Development. Design/methodology/approach: Following a qualitative methodological strategy, this paper identifies the potentialities and challenges of this perspective from the point of view of the technical staff of the cooperation units of seven Spanish universities. Findings: Results show a strong intention to incorporate gender principles, in accordance with the SDGs framework. However, the findings also point to certain divergences in the forms of understanding and implementing gender equality in practice. Finally, this paper uncovers a variety of strategies to navigate the resistances, still existing in the university community. Originality/value: Spain is orienting the legal framework of its cooperation and international relations towards the ambitious horizon of a feminist foreign policy. Universities are key actors in international development cooperation and the implementation of the SDGs. This is an issue that has received little research attention, particularly from a gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goals, through Goal 5 on Gender Equality, put gender as a focus at the heart of every endeavour. Yet with 2030 looming, across the globe, we have made insufficient progress towards gender equality. Despite a plethora of mentions of the aim to achieve gender equality in regional and international documents, progress is slow (see and ). What can be done? If transformative change is required, then a range of options needs to be explored. Could expanding exposure as to who studies gender be just one tool for building a pipeline of actors who take a gender lens when engaging with key issues, and speeding up progress towards the gender equality goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Goal 5)? How should we rethink the teaching of gender and development? My proposition is that gender should be mainstreamed in every course through a revised curriculum as a practical lever for change and to hasten progress towards Goal 5. The hope is that this paper can encourage conversation both in gender and development circles and the scholarship of teaching and learning, and prompt new lines of research and action towards rethinking the teaching of gender and development, which can then strengthen the knowledge base in the pipeline of political decision-makers and development actors. This paper is a call to action for the repositioning of gender at the heart of all studies – not as an elective or "boutique", but as core to every subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores how gender mainstreaming can be included in the teaching and research of engineering, a framed discipline belonging to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (known with the acronym STEM), an area of ​​knowledge known for having (especially in the Western countries) a low proportion of female students. There is little research and manuals that address gender-specific issues in this area of ​​knowledge and how they could be addressed. During the 2018/2019 academic year, a pilot project on gender mainstreaming was carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC) as part of these actions. For this purpose, 41 voluntary teachers from 8 Bachelor's and Master's Degrees of the UPC have been recruited. Social and gender relevance of the subjects, inclusive methodology, classroom management and assessment have been considered in this research. One of the tools obtained from this study is a guide of recommendations to be used by the teaching and research staff to introduce the changes that make possible the effective incorporation of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in engineering teaching and research. The recommendations proposed in this work derive from the research carried out for this project. The work, therefore, paves the way for further insight into the specific gender bias in engineering and is an essential tool for people involved in teaching and research in the engineering field from a critical spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration with peers both inside and outside the classroom can be an invaluable tool for helping students learn physics. We investigated the impact of peer collaboration on learning physics by examining the characteristics of women and men who typically worked alone versus those who typically collaborated with peers in their algebra-based introductory physics course when they took the course before and during the COVID-19 pandemic when the classes were on Zoom. Our findings indicate that, on average, students who worked with peers had higher grades and reported greater peer influence on their physics self-efficacy during the pandemic compared to those who worked alone. We also observed that, for both women and men, a larger percentage of students typically worked in groups before the pandemic, while a greater percentage typically worked alone during the pandemic. We discuss these results in relation to students' prior academic preparation, physics grades, self-efficacy and their perception of the effectiveness of peer collaboration on their physics self-efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young adults face unique vulnerabilities during major life disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic contributed to increases in mental health challenges and substance use among young adults. This study explores the experiences of young adults who increased their cannabis use during the pandemic. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom. A total of 25 participants (ages 33–34) reporting increased cannabis use during the pandemic were included. Thematic analysis and gender-based analysis was employed to extract key themes. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) No disruption in cannabis use; (2) Cannabis use to manage declines in mental health; (3) Cannabis use to break up pandemic boredom; (4) Cannabis use as an expression of freedom; (5) Cannabis use as "another way to chill out." Conclusions: This research provides valuable perspectives on how major life disruptions, like the COVID-19 pandemic, influence cannabis use among young adults. The findings offer guidance for public health initiatives and highlight avenues for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amongst women and gender diverse (WGD) populations experiencing homelessness in Canada, one of the most vulnerable and understudied subgroups are those who are pregnant. A key barrier to accessing housing for this population are policies that lead to siloed sector work and complicated and inaccessible services. Frequent relocation and fragmented access to essential prenatal and postnatal support are the result. Experiences of homelessness for WGD people are distinct from that of cisgender men; the former tend to experience 'hidden homelessness' and are more likely to rely on relational, precarious, and sometimes dangerous housing options. The homelessness sector, its policies, and services tend to be cis-male-centric because of the greater visibility of homelessness in cis-men and fail to meet pregnant WGD people's needs. This paper describes the findings from a one-day symposium that was held in Toronto, Canada, in June 2023 that aimed to address the siloed approach to housing provision for pregnant WGD people experiencing homelessness. A key focus was to understand how to incorporate a gendered and intersectional discourse into practice and policy. Adopting a gender-based analysis plus (GBA+) approach within policymaking can help illuminate and address why certain groups of WGD people are disproportionately affected by homelessness, including Indigenous Peoples, recent immigrants, racialized people, and those experiencing intimate partner violence, poverty, and substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 16 January 2024, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE ODIHR) published its Guidelines on Democratic Law-making for Better Laws. The creation of the Guidelines was driven by the acknowledgment that strengthening democratic institutions and processes is essential in the era of democratic and constitutional erosion and decay and the recognition that contemporary law-making displays several weaknesses. Based on its decades of experience in assessing legislation and legislative processes in the OSCE participating states, ODIHR intended to provide an overview of the guiding principles of the law-making process that ensure that both the process and the resulting laws comply with the requirements of democracy, the rule of law and human rights commitments. The Guidelines offer a new and rich source of inspiration for scholars devoted to strengthening democracy. This paper identifies new(er) avenues for research in democratic erosion and revival, institutional protection of the democratic legislative process, constitutional change, and the impact of constitutional rights. Further, based on some non-OSCE participating states related examples, it shows how the potential inspirational reach of the Guidelines and the research paths it potentially encourage might go beyond the geographic scope of the OSCE participating states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we challenge the mainstream view of gender rooted in binary cisnormativity and suggest that the gender frameworks used to inform organizational research and practice are inadequate with respect to the range of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identities. We employ Hacking's "dynamic nominalism" to illustrate how evolving classifications of TGNC people operate as a discriminating factor that threatens their lived experiences. As an alternative to the binary cisnormative metaphor of gender as a spectrum, we adopt a more inclusive metaphor of a gender constellation and sketch out its potential conceptualization that promotes multidimensional, non‐hierarchical, and dynamic approaches to gender diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bias, particularly gender bias, is common in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, leading to harmful impacts that reinforce existing negative gender stereotypes and prejudices. Although gender mainstreaming is topical and fashionable in written discourse, it is yet to be thoroughly implemented in practice. While the clamour for AI regulation is commonplace globally, most government policies on the topic do not adequately account for gender inequities. Africa, Egypt, Rwanda and Mauritius are at the forefront of AI policy development. By exploring these three countries as case studies, employing a feminist approach and using the African Union Strategy for Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment for 2018–2028 as a methodological guide, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of the gender considerations in their policy approaches to AI. It was found that a disconnect exists between gender equality/responsiveness and the AI strategies of these countries, showing that gender has yet to be mainstreamed into these policies. The study provides key recommendations that offer an opportunity for African countries to be innovative leaders in AI governance by developing even more robust policies compared with Western AI policies that fail to adequately address gender.

The enduring global issue of women's underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields carries significant implications for both societal advancement and economic growth. Despite the rise in women's enrollment in higher education, the persistent gender pay gap can be attributed in part to their limited presence in STEM domains, which tend to offer higher-paying career prospects. This study scrutinizes the impact of national policies on gender imbalances in STEM, focusing on the case of North Macedonia. It assesses existing measures and programs while proposing recommendations to foster gender parity in STEM both national and local scales. Employing a mixed research methodology, the study incorporates desktop research, statistical analysis of gender distribution in STEM fields, policy evaluations of national frameworks, and primary data collection through interviews and surveys.

Parliaments are increasingly defined as "gendered institutions," with rules, norms, and practices that are often stubbornly resistant to gender equality initiatives. The gender sensitive parliaments' global agenda has made substantial progress in both drawing attention to the gendered nature of parliaments and in spearheading gender equality reform. While a positive trend, there remains a significant disconnect between the (global) normative framework that sets out this agenda and the realization of gender equality in national (local) parliaments. In this article, we build on previous work that begins to unpack and test the process of global norm localization through "contextualization" and "contestation." We select new sites to test these processes--Fiji and Samoa--where specific gender equality reforms have been implemented in the past 10 years, one a gender mainstreaming mandate for parliamentary committees and the other a parliamentary gender quota. The Pacific Islands region presents an important cultural context worthy of exploration: Parliaments are not only overwhelmingly male-dominated, but many are also derivative of hegemonic masculinist cultures evident in the Westminster tradition, albeit hybridized with local political traditions. We compare and contrast the process by which these reforms were developed and implemented in each country and examine the extent to which they can be considered effective mechanisms for addressing gender inequalities. We find that the extent to which these reforms are sustainable and transformative depends on local contexts, local actors, and locally derived solutions. Specifically, the culturally relevant process of contesting the gender quota in Samoa constitutionally, electorally, and through the courts has localised and thereby legitimised this globally endorsed reform. By contrast, gender mainstreaming in Fiji's parliamentary committees has been little more than a "tick-a-box" exercise, having had limited engagement from the political elite under a relatively autocratic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan is currently Asia-s leader in gender equality on three indicators: Its national legislature comprises 42 percent women, the largest proportion among all Asian countries; it was the first Asian country to legalize same-sex marriage; and it has a popularly elected woman president not from a politically established family. Despite these advances, efforts to make Taiwan's parliament gender-sensitive has encountered constraints. While new institutions were created to make the parliament a more gender-friendly workplace, little progress was made regarding gender mainstreaming in the legislative process. This article points out that parliamentary parties are missing actors in gender mainstreaming. The article concludes that unless all constitutional branches practice it, gender mainstreaming as a state strategy to promote gender equality remains challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research evidence suggests gender-based differences in the extent and experiences of academic leaders across the globe even in developed countries like USA, UK, and Canada. The under-representation is particularly common in higher education organizations, including medical and dental schools. The current study aimed to investigate gender-based distribution and explore leaders' experiences in the medical and dental institutes in a developing country, Pakistan. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used. Gender-based distribution data of academic leaders in 28 colleges including 18 medical and 10 dental colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were collected. Qualitative data regarding the experiences of academic leaders (n = 10) was collected through semi-structured interviews followed by transcription and thematic analysis using standard procedures. Results: Gender-based disparities exist across all institutes with the greatest differences among the top-rank leadership level (principals/deans) where 84.5% of the positions were occupied by males. The gender gap was relatively narrow at mid-level leadership positions reaching up to as high as > 40% of female leaders in medical/dental education. The qualitative analysis found gender-based differences in the experiences under four themes: leadership attributes, leadership journey, challenges, and support. Conclusions: The study showed that women are not only significantly under-represented in leadership positions in medical and dental colleges in Pakistan, they also face gender-based discrimination and struggling to maintain a decent work life balance. These findings are critical and can have important implications for government, organizations, human resource managers, and policymakers in terms of enacting laws, proposing regulations, and establishing support mechanisms to improve gender-based balance and help current and aspiring leaders in their leadership journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to develop gender sensitivity recommended policy action plans. Specifically, the gender sensitivity practices and challenges encountered of science pre-service teachers in selected Universities in Calabarzon Region IV- A were assessed in this research. A descriptive- evaluative method of research was employed to investigate the posed objectives in this study. Purposive and random sampling techniques were utilized in the selection of the respondents. Guided by the said sampling procedures, one hundred sixty -nine (169) pre-service teachers participated in the study. Data were collected through survey-questionnaire and computed using the weighted mean. Results indicated that gender sensitivity practices in terms of delivery of the subject matter, use of language, classroom management/activities, didactics strategies, learning materials and assessment and evaluation was observed always practiced. However, facilities, security, health, and other student services was observed moderately serious problems in the extent gender sensitivity practices of science pre-service teachers. Based on the results of this study, a gender sensitivity recommended policy action plans was developed to serve as a framework among Universities in Calabarzon Region IV- A in mainstreaming gender sensitivity on their curriculum, policies, programs, projects, and activities (PPAs), and other enabling mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to mainstream gender in agroecology, using VIDA's coffee systems as a case study. Data were collected through a mixed, participatory approach, combining qualitative (participant observation, interviews, workshops) and quantitative methods (a census of 24 men and 26 women). Results reveal gender differences across environmental, economic, social, and political dimensions. Women prioritize plant diversity, while men focus on coffee varieties and farm conditions. Both sexes emphasize economic and social sustainability, with women advocating for greater access to resources and benefits. VIDA has a gender-parity leadership promoting territorial defense and youth visibility to mitigate outmigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies norm translation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda by interrogating the ways in which external support can contribute to gendering the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Through a case study of a Norwegian-led Specialized Police Team which provided capacity building in crime scene management to Malian Security Forces as part of the UN mission in Mali, it analyses how different understandings of gender inform gender mainstreaming practice. The analysis shows that while the Norwegian officers worked actively to promote gender equality and women's participation, the possibilities for capacity building to contribute to a gendering of the security sector are limited by the lack of more transformative understandings of gender to inform practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the security governance of gender in Mexico City. It begins by juxtaposing the alleged rape of a 17-year-old female by security officials against the policy responses that ensued: policies designed to make it safer for women to navigate dangerous streets. The article explores this radical turnaround: how an episode in violent opposition to security governance would ultimately sustain its implementation. It does so through what is called a gendered security dispositif – a dispositif consistent with the original formulation of Michel Foucault, albeit configured to an official account of gender-based violence that is confined to women. A gendered security dispositif renders a violent event intelligible to government by locating it in existing statistical and surveillance technologies, thereby reducing the alleged rape to citywide rates of violence and areas of high risk. Policy initiatives then target these high-risk areas, as practices of subjectification turn on the behavior of female inhabitants. The result is an official appreciation of gender-based violence that reduces the very matter of a violent event and its female victim to an administrative plane. What began as an episode contrary to security governance opens onto the production of gender and security in a manner derivative of rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we chose to conduct a gender-based contextual analysis of research-performing organizations (RPOs) in the higher-education sector in Albania as a first step toward the implementation of gender budgeting (GB). Our rationale for conducting such a contextual analysis is the overarching need to achieve the European Commission's strategic objectives regarding gender equality in research and innovation. To carry out this analysis, we used reports from She Figures to calculate dominant gender indicators; these reports were produced in collaboration with the statistics published by the Institute of Statistics of Albania. Our methodology is based on a mixed-methods approach that aims to better our understanding of the situation in Albania. The quantitative findings provided by our contextual analysis within academia were synthesized with qualitative findings resulting from a comparative analysis of the content of gender equality plans (GEPs) currently being implemented by thirteen universities in Albania. The results of our contextual analysis study show that even though women account for more than half of the total population of researchers at the national level, playing a significant role in research and innovation, we recommend that the government develop its first national GEP to counteract the inequality that persists in the career trajectories of women and men. GB represents an effective strategy for reducing gender inequality in this context. The supporting results of the content analysis indicate that the phenomenon of vertical segregation has been identified in the great majority of RPOs that have carried out gender-based contextual analyses; moreover, we observed the interaction of GB with GEPs within three such organizations' approach to the gender-based allocation of finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Indonesia has adopted a Gender Mainstreaming policy through Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000, gender inequality remains a significant issue in Indonesia's development process. Inequality in Indonesia is largely due to a lack of commitment from the Government and Regional Governments to implementing Gender Mainstreaming (PUG), especially in Siak Regency. Women's participation is necessary at every stage of development, so gender mainstreaming needs to be supported and implemented. If the policy is implemented in a village it will be more pronounced because it is implemented directly by the community. However, this policy is not yet women-friendly because women's involvement in the policy formulation process is still low. Women are still used as policy objects, not subjects so women's interests have not been accommodated much in village development policies. Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) also aims to provide protection to women so that women's rights are guaranteed and fulfilled to grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity, as well as receiving protection from economic and sexual exploitation. This research was designed using a justice theory approach and a public policy theory approach. In these two quite different approaches, various data and in-depth information regarding gender mainstreaming in development policy in the village were obtained. In the previous research, which was related to "Gender Mainstreaming in the Green Siak Policy: Design of a Women-Friendly Ecology-Based Regency Budget Transfer (TAKE) Policy in Siak Regency, Riau Province - Indonesia", it was also not seen how this policy was only intended for the public interest, not especially the participation of women. Women in the development process are expected to participate where BPS data shows that in 2022 there will be 12.72% of female heads of households, a decrease compared to the previous year, namely 14.38%. Women have the same potential human resources as men, although in general, in Indonesia, the participation of men is more dominant than that of women. The birth of the Green Siak policy gave rise to the TAKE policy (ecology-based budget transfer) with the aim of realizing environmentally sound development only and not creating women-friendly villages. Gender mainstreaming in various government programs at the local level is still only a discourse (narrative policy). Gender issues have not yet become a central issue in local policy discussions, so gender issues are drowned out in the midst of other issues such as environmental issues, employment issues, poverty issues and infrastructure issues. Policies that should accommodate women's interests amidst demands for achieving the SDGs have, in fact, not become mainstream in regional policies. The findings of this research indicate that village development policies are not yet fully inclusive of women or women-friendly. The policies issued still dominate the general interest and are not specific to women, such as women's empowerment programs, women's protection, and strengthening the capacity of women heads of households. Efforts to empower women are preventive of the occurrence of domestic violence. This effort is not solely through a juridical approach but can be accompanied by sociological, economic, psychological, criminological and cultural approaches that prevails in Siak Malay society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the integration of Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesia's National Development Plan and its impact on public policy. This report used policy analysis to assess the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in development plans and its impact. Data was collected from official documents, including development plans, regulations, and reports. Qualitative analysis assessed the integration of gender mainstreaming and gender indicators. Interviews with policymakers and experts provided context and constraints. The findings highlight the importance of gender mainstreaming in national development, successful integration in development plans, and challenges such as limited resources and cultural barriers. Gender integration positively impacts development goals by increasing women's participation. Recommendations include training and strategic actions. In-depth policy analysis revealed a gap between gender rhetoric and action, indicating structural and cultural barriers. The integration of gender perspectives faces major challenges, emphasizing the need to educate policymakers and address barriers that hinder implementation. In conclusion, Gender Mainstreaming in National Development Plans faces major challenges, requiring increased understanding and concrete actions to overcome barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the learning style of learners is as significant as the course content being taught in educational institutions. Education based on student-preferred learning styles strives to provide learning methods as well as educational content appropriate for the students. Focusing on preferred learning styles in curriculum designing and academic activities can enhance its effectiveness. The purpose of the current research was to explore the preferences of university students concerning general preferences of learning styles, gender, and discipline differences. The sample consisted of 495 students (44% were females and 55% were male students) of age range 18 to 26 years enrolled under five major faculties from different universities in Pakistan. Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS), a 44-item scale was administered for this purpose. This study addressed three key purposes: The first purpose was the investigation of the general profiles of university students regarding learning style. The second purpose was the exploration of the learning style differences regarding gender while the third purpose was the examination of differences in students' learning styles regarding various disciplines. The statistical practices of average, t-test, ANOVA along with Tukey tests were employed for analyzing data. The preferred learning style of more than half of the students in the present study were sensing, verbal, global, and active learners. Students Learning Styles if grouped according to gender shows higher frequency of male students in Visual-verbal, Active- Reflective, Sequential-Global learning styles. Frequency of female students was higher compared to male in Sensing-Intuitive learning style. Overall result revealed significant differences among university students regarding gender. Results also indicated that the students scored differently in learning styles concerning disciplines in the four ILS scales. This study highlights significant differences in learning styles among university students based on gender and academic discipline. Educators should consider these differences when designing instructional strategies to ensure they are inclusive and effective for all students. Future research should explore these learning style variations in different educational contexts and investigate additional factors influencing learning preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health research must be of high ethical and scientific quality and consider the needs and experiences of women, men, and nonbinary individuals. National Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are in a strategic position to impede sex- and gender-blind research. In 2020 and 2021, training programs on gender mainstreaming and sex and gender approaches in research evaluation were launched in Senegal. They were evaluated through a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Knowledge acquisition was 16.67%, 8.54%, and 28.42% for the trainees of 2021, 2020, and those who attended the training in both years, respectively. Gender mainstreaming was reported as pertinent in research ethics by 74% of participants. This training is expected to catalyze gender-transformative research ethics in West Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses and analyzes the measures that currently exist in Chile for gender mainstreaming through the case of the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage, focusing on the National Cultural Heritage Service. Through a qualitative study carried out in 2022, we sought to understand and deepen the mechanism that is most successfully configured, for which semi-structured interviews have been carried out with experts and senior State officials who work in the matter, and a documentary review in order to review the strategies, achievements and challenges faced in the exercise of measures to implement the gender approach in the institution's policies. The main findings of the research are related to the identification of an incentive system that has been institutionalized within public services and has been studied as a good practice of gender focus in the State. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the application of this type of incentive systems for the gender mainstreaming is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meanings that people construct about concepts influence public policy; therefore, identifying them is significant for achieving a successful implementation process. In Mexico, the obligation of public officials to mainstream the gender perspective (GP) coexists and comes into tension with social debates surrounding the GP and its growing disapproval by conservative groups. The objective of the study was to understand and analyze the social representations (SR) of the gender perspective (GP) among teachers during the 2017-2018 school year in three public primary schools in León, Guanajuato, as well as its influence on the application of the GP in the school environment. The methodological design was qualitative and based on feminist theory and SR theory. Group interviews were conducted with 21 teachers from 1st, 4th, and 6th grades. Findings suggest that the SR held by teachers about the GP do not lead to actions that result in a correct application of the GP because their way of meaning gender and the GP lacks adequate information and is based on notions acquired from colloquial and media use. This poses an obstacle to achieving substantive equality in the educational field and is a consequence of a broader problem where the concept of gender has been trivialized, causing a theoretical and practical issue that needs further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how and to what extent gender equality perspectives mobilized by feminist actors have (re)designed childcare policy frames to address the sexual division of labor during the left turn in Latin America. Using the Mainstreaming Gender Equality in Europe (MAGEEQ) framework as the foundation for our study, we conducted qualitative case study research in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay by examining official documents. We also reviewed feminist literature and documents to access the positions adopted by the actors involved in the reframing process. We identified quite different results for gender mainstreaming in childcare policy: (1) Argentina—non‐occurrence; (2) Brazil—occurrence (reasonably marginalized); and (3) Uruguay—occurrence (fairly well embedded). We expect to contribute to the development of the MAGEEQ framework, particularly in terms of care policy investigations, and for adapting this framework to the Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to portray the day-to-day activities of women at Simlipal forest region, India, and calculates the score of women empowerment. The study constructs a Composite Women Empowerment Index, following the framework cited by Kabeer (1999, 2009, and 2010) on women empowerment. With the inclusion of development intervention programmes in forestry analysis and analysing its effects on women empowerment, this study extends the Kabeer's framework. Therefore, the present study considers four dimensions - access to resources, agency, development intervention and outcome, to measure women empowerment, where each dimension consists of several indicators. Exploratory Factor Analysis technique is employed to assign the respective weights for the indicators. The findings show that the composite score of women empowerment is very low in the Simlipal region; which calls for government intervention, and also initiatives from the local non-governmental institutions, to ensure well-being of Simlipal women. Further, gender mainstreaming and support from male counterpart come out as crucial in our study for economic and social upliftment of women. Eventually, this upliftment is expected to be helpful in maintaining sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bias, particularly gender bias, is common in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, leading to harmful impacts that reinforce existing negative gender stereotypes and prejudices. Although gender mainstreaming is topical and fashionable in written discourse, it is yet to be thoroughly implemented in practice. While the clamour for AI regulation is commonplace globally, most government policies on the topic do not adequately account for gender inequities. In Africa, Egypt, Rwanda and Mauritius are at the forefront of AI policy development. By exploring these three countries as case studies, employing a feminist approach and using the African Union Strategy for Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment for 2018–2028 as a methodological guide, this study undertakes a comparative analysis of the gender considerations in their policy approaches to AI. It found that a disconnect exists between gender equality/responsiveness and the AI strategies of these countries, showing that gender has yet to be mainstreamed into these policies. The study provides key recommendations that offer an opportunity for African countries to be innovative leaders in AI governance by developing even more robust policies compared with Western AI policies that fail to adequately address gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Home Economics of Japan is the property of Japan Society of Home Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Addressing the urgent global climate crisis demands a rapid and meaningful expansion of "climate mainstreaming," which refers to the integration of climate objectives in all aspects of development programs and policies. However, progress remains slow and uneven due to bottlenecks in policy and institutional change. Considering the parallel struggle recorded over decades to mainstream gender across the same policy arenas, a key question emerges: what can climate mainstreaming learn from gender mainstreaming? To answer this question, we review 57 policy, strategy, and guidance documents of United Nations agencies, all of which integrate these themes into food security and broader development programming. Our analysis identifies gaps in climate mainstreaming efforts and derives lessons from gender mainstreaming to bridge these gaps. It underscores the importance of adapting programmatic mainstreaming strategies in response to evolving contexts, for example, by simultaneously considering both mainstreaming and targeted interventions. Additionally, it highlights the need to adopt organizational climate mainstreaming and establish mechanisms for accountability. Finally, it emphasizes the urgency of embracing a climate justice lens; in practice, this involves prioritizing populations at greater risk of climate change impacts and actively engaging diverse perspectives in decision‐making, particularly communities facing multiple forms of discrimination. This article is categorized under:Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other IssuesClimate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐BeingPolicy and Governance > International Policy Framework [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum and pearl millet have adapted to the socioecological environment in the dryland of West Africa and have been the staple crops for many years. Engaging key stakeholders and improving the sorghum and pearl millet breeding process is essential to addressing the evolving demands of end-users and environmental conditions. Unlike most trait preference studies focusing on men and women farmers' trait choices, we examined sorghum and pearl millet key value chain actors (VCA), including producers, processors, traders, and consumers. We identified their preferred traits of varieties that need to be mainstreamed into the breeding pipelines. Drawing on the past efforts and experiences of the sorghum and pearl millet breeding programs from the last 30 years, the study was designed to integrate gender equality in sorghum and pearl millet breeding decisions and traits prioritization in West Africa. This process was implemented in phases, leading to the drafting of gender-responsive and client-oriented product profiles. The paper elicited an understanding of how the roles and interests of sorghum and pearl millet VCA influence their varietal choice and adoption decisions. The study found both differences and similarities in the trait preferences of the men and women VCA. Most women, mainly in the production and processing nodes, prefer varieties with specific food and grain quality traits, while men prioritize grain yield and biotic stress resistance traits. Even though both men's and women's varietal choices align with their roles in production and consumption, grain yield was commonly desired across gender, crop, and value chain segments. The findings revealed that the gendered interest of actors in the crops' value chain determines their choice of variety. Gender responsiveness requires identifying and understanding the needs and choices of the sorghum and millet VCA and mainstreaming these into the breeding pipeline. The approach employed in the study elicits the understanding, roles, and interests of the various actors and how these factors influence men's and women's decisions to adopt a crop variety. All major stakeholders should co-develop product profiles for the variety being developed to enable co-ownership, increase adoption, and improve gender equity in agricultural technology development and deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on a comparative study of seven jurisdictions in the Asia-Pacific region to examine current challenges to progressing inclusive education for students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. The study used a qualitative approach to collect data from each jurisdiction through a purposive sampling of knowledgeable, university-associated informants. Content analysis was used to identify and quantify specific challenges reported in the data. Subsequently, these items were coded as themes to form a matrix of challenges within and across jurisdictions. Findings revealed that challenges were broadly consistent with recent global trends and shared many commonalities, despite occurring in diverse societal, political and education systems. These challenges are: lack of adequate initial teacher education and ongoing professional development for practicing teachers; lack of resources and support to meet the needs of students with SEN; inconsistent policy guidelines and implementation action plans; restricted stakeholder engagement and collaboration across all levels of education; and limited local inclusion research to inform practice in schools. The findings underscore the need for government and institutional commitment and oversight to bridge the policy-to-practice gap, and an urgent need for local research to identify and disseminate successful approaches for including students with SEN throughout the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the nineteenth-century discourse around the human body. It examines two corpora: Charles Dickens's works and contemporary writings. In both contexts, the body is observed through a detailed focus on its individual parts. This study employs a corpus-driven approach to investigate the vocabulary used to describe the body in these two corpora, providing complementary explanations to traditional close reading methods. The findings indicate that Victorian authors, including Dickens, tend to use nouns associated with time and space when representing the body, while also placing significant emphasis on codes of etiquette in the depiction of its physical actions. In Dickens's corpus, nouns related to the body are influenced by gender ideology. Furthermore, a gender-based sub-corpus analysis, particularly focusing on verbs, highlights the disparities in agency between male and female bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this blended ethnography, combining fieldwork with campus conservative organizations/figures and digital ethnography of their social media, we explore how capitalism, Christianity, and conservatism are brought together and branded for youth. We argue that campus conservative organizations like Turning Point USA are important sites for mainstreaming, branding, and circulating an assemblage of conservative, Christian, and racialized discourses aligned with Christian nationalism and against the left. We analyze how this 'friend enemy distinction' occurs through gendered social media practices, constructing female 'cuteservatives', influencers who sell friendship and t-shirts, and masculine heroes who battle a socialist enemy. We explore how these discourses are produced, marketed, and circulated. And finally, through Turning Point's celebration of Kyle Rittenhouse, we show the dangerous potential consequences of this violent rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity loss and climate change are deeply intertwined and constitute a complex and interdependent crisis. These interlinked sustainability issues need to be addressed through an integrated approach. However, governments have been slow to integrate the need to protect both climate and biodiversity into environmental governance. NGOs, as non-profit organisations promoting public good, are seen as having the potential to recognise and advocate for this much-needed holistic protection of climate and biodiversity. But to what extent and in what ways do NGOs recognise this climate-biodiversity nexus? This article addresses these questions through an analysis of 107 German climate NGOs, examining their 190 annual reports from two time periods, 2016/2017 and 2021/2022. We found that, while German climate NGOs have made significant progress in recognising the climate-biodiversity nexus, they lack recognition of the role of biodiversity in stabilising the climate and the unintended negative consequences of climate policies and measures for biodiversity, highlighting that NGOs are still far from being holistic environmental stewards. Climate NGOs need to integrate the interplay between climate and biodiversity objectives into their organisational activities and align their mandates to promote synergies and minimise trade-offs between climate and biodiversity actions. We suggest that one way forward is to increase collaboration between NGOs. NGOs could then complement each other's expertise and be better placed to jointly contribute to finding integrated solutions for climate and biodiversity protection and mainstreaming biodiversity into climate policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While there is widespread consensus that sex- and gender-related factors are important for how interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated, it is not currently known how alcohol treatment research accounts for sex characteristics and/or gender identities and modalities. This methodological systematic review documents and assesses how sex characteristics, gender identities, and gender modalities are operationalized in alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth. Methods and findings: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LGBT Life, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature from 2008 to 2023. We included articles that reported genders and/or sexes of participants 30 years of age and under and screened participants using AUDIT, AUDIT-C, or a structured interview using DSM-IV criteria. We limited the inclusion to studies that enrolled participants in alcohol treatment interventions and used a quantitative study design. We provide a narrative overview of the findings. Of 8,019 studies screened for inclusion, 86 articles were included in the review. None of the studies defined, measured, and reported both sex and gender variables accurately. Only 2 studies reported including trans participants. Most of the studies used gender or sex measures as a covariate to control for the effects of sex or gender on the intervention but did not discuss the rationale for or implications of this procedure. Conclusions: Our findings identify that the majority of alcohol treatment intervention research with youth conflate sex and gender factors, including terminologically, conceptually, and methodologically. Based on these findings, we recommend future research in this area define and account for a spectrum of gender modalities, identities, and/or sex characteristics throughout the research life cycle, including during study design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. It is also imperative that sex and gender variables are used expansively to ensure that intersex and trans youth are meaningfully integrated. Trial registration: Registration: PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42019119408 A.J. Lowik systematically review the consideration and reporting of sex and gender variables in studies of alcohol treatment interventions involving young people. Author summary: Why was this study done?: Both sex and gender are important factors for intervention design, implementation, and evaluation, including with regards to alcohol treatment interventions for young people. However, little is known about how alcohol treatment research accounts for sex and gender factors. What did the researchers do and find?: We systematically searched the peer-reviewed literature to identify alcohol treatment intervention studies that reported genders and/or sexes of participants 30 years of age or younger. Of the 86 articles included in our review, we found that none of them defined, measured, and reported both sex and gender variables accurately. Approximately 37% (n = 32) of the studies defined, measured, and reported either sex or gender accurately. Only 2 studies reported including trans participants. Most of the studies (n = 54) used sex or gender measures to control for their effects on the intervention but did not discuss the implications of this procedure. What do these findings mean?: Our findings identify how the vast majority of alcohol treatment intervention research with youth conflates sex and gender factors, including terminologically, conceptually, and methodologically. To advance sex and gender science in alcohol treatment intervention research, it is essential that researchers clearly articulate why they are choosing to include measures related to sex, gender or both, and to advance study designs and procedures that can account for sex and gender. It is also imperative that sex and gender variables are used in a way that ensures that intersex and trans people are meaningfully integrated so that both research and intervention can address their alcohol-related needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing number of female students enrolling and graduating from the Department of Urbanism at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, this study aims to mainstream gender into urban planning pedagogy. This is achieved by analyzing a case study comprising 47 survey responses and seven follow-up interviews. Among other factors, respondents' perspectives on gender are more influenced by their personal experiences rather than the objective knowledge acquired through the Department's curriculum. Recommendations for the department to mainstream gender into the pedagogy are (1) mainstreaming gender issues in urban planning curriculum, (2) promoting gender-balanced department climate, (3) innovating around teaching methods, and (4) increasing awareness about the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender equality, disability and social inclusion (GEDSI) is a concept which enables the realization of sustainable inclusive development. The mainstreaming of GEDSI is also explicitly or implicitly contained in the vision and mission documents of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates Prabowo-Gibran, who are the winning pair of the election based on quick counts. In contrast to previous studies that tend to analyze policy documents that have been issued by agencies or institutions, this study aims to dissect the PrabowoGibran pair's ideas in implementing the GEDSI concept contained in the vision and mission document. The analysis of term frequency and density using the R application was carried out to calculate the frequency and density of keywords, while content analysis was used to understand the context of each word occurrence. This research is expected to make it easier to see Indonesia's future in mainstreaming GEDSI. The results found that 33 times the keywords appeared in the Prabowo-Gibran mission vision document, the context of the appearance of keywords contained in the Prabowo-Gibran mission vision document at least has a serious commitment to mainstreaming GEDSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By his own admission, Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was not much of an economist, a disclosure that has fuelled criticisms of his government's performance during the economic crises of the 1970s. By contrast, Whitlam was a self‐declared internationalist who promoted the domestic and global possibilities of the international system. Of course, twentieth‐century economics and internationalism were mutual rather than dichotomous. Accordingly, Whitlam's internationalism provides a vantage point to re‐evaluate his economics. This article focusses on how one strand of Whitlam's internationalism — his Third World sympathies and alignments — informed his government's resource policy, as designed by Minister for Minerals and Energy, Rex Connor. Rather than seeking to redeem Whitlam's economic credentials via this internationalism, however, I argue Whitlam's appeal to Third Worldism sought to infuse an anti‐economics — or, more precisely, a critique of mainstream economic thinking — into Australian resources policy. The legacies of this critique have been enduring. Whitlam and Connor's attempts to establish export controls, foreign investment regulations, and state‐owned enterprise galvanised a fierce backlash from miners and libertarian economists. This backlash has helped shape the neoliberal framing of Australian mining and energy policy over the past 40 years. At the same time, with climate change and energy transitions again illuminating the politics of natural resources, Whitlam's Third World critique remains salient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Foreign Policy Journal (CFPJ) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economica: Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică is the property of Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM) / Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova (AESM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conventional gender analysis of development policy does not adequately explain the slow progress towards gender equality. Our research analyses the gender discourses embedded in agricultural and rural development policies in Myanmar and Nepal. We find that both countries focus on increasing women's participation in development activities as a core gender equality policy objective. This creates a binary categorisation of participating versus non-participating women and identifies women as responsible for improving their position. At the same time, gender (in)equality is defined exclusively as a women's concern. Such discourses, as constitutive practices, produce specific knowledge about rural women and new subjectivities that prescribe and govern them solely as subjects of development. Our research suggests that such a limited discursive practice invisiblises gendered power relations and structural and institutional issues, ultimately slowing progress towards gender equality. We demonstrate the importance of studying policy as discourse, beyond the effectiveness of policies or mainstreaming tools, and call for empirical evidence on the impact of these discourses on women's subjectivities and lived experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender representations in mainstream media could transform how people perceive gender inequality in society. While research into gender inequality in advertising has been long established, limited studies have investigated the issue from the advertising media practitioner's perspective. This study explores external factors (organizational, clients, and customers) and internal factors (background, family, and gender stereotypes) in driving advertising media practitioners' decisions to develop their advertising concepts. A series of in-depth interviews with 20 C-level advertising media practitioners were conducted in Vietnam based on the two themes: brand-cause fit, and person-cause fit. These fits result in different strategies that advertising media practitioners leverage to deal with gender issues, ranging from ignoring gender issues to challenging the current perspectives. Accordingly, we developed four typologies of advertising media practitioners in addressing gender stereotypes: Cavalier, Trend follower, Compromiser, and Activist. While some professionals perceive themselves as actors who work under business pressure and operate within broader cultural discourses, some look for every chance to adhere to gender equality messages in this progressive industry. Implications for brands and media agencies to deal with different types of advertising media practitioners are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this novel study, a gender audit was conducted to assess how the Seoul (Metro) and Jakarta (MRT) subway systems respond to women's needs. The audit revealed that both Seoul Metro and MRT Jakarta have made significant efforts to accommodate the needs of all passengers, including women. This is commendable because a public transit system that works well for women works better for everyone. With some improvements, both subways could achieve Universal Design standards. The audit protocol developed can be employed to periodically monitor other subway systems in Asia and measure progress towards gender mainstreaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, women have suffered from the effects of inequality in most social, economic, political and cultural spheres. In this paper, discrimination against women in sport is analysed on the basis of a set of empirical data on the inequal participation of men and women in sport. In particular, three Catalan sports regulations are analysed. To this end, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is taken as our frame of reference; more specifically, two instruments that are proposed therein to reduce women's inequality: the gender perspective and gender mainstreaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]