1,253 results on '"GB virus C"'
Search Results
2. Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia—A review of the literature.
- Author
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Zimmerman, Joseph and Blackard, Jason T.
- Abstract
Summary: The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV‐1)—as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C—is a common single‐stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV‐1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV‐1 is not performed routinely. Nonetheless, a beneficial impact of HPgV‐1 infection on HIV disease progression has been reported in multiple studies. Given the burden of HIV in Asia and the complex interactions between viral co‐infections and the host, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing data from Asia on HPgV‐1 infection, including the prevalence and circulating genotypes in all Asian countries with data reported. This review highlights the research conducted thus far and emphasizes the need for additional studies on HPgV‐1 across the Asian continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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3. AIDS Alters the Commensal Plasma Virome
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Li, Linlin, Deng, Xutao, Linsuwanon, Piyada, Bangsberg, David, Bwana, Mwebesa Bosco, Hunt, Peter, Martin, Jeffrey N, Deeks, Steven G, and Delwart, Eric
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Liver Disease ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Hepatitis ,Digestive Diseases ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Adult ,Anelloviridae ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,DNA ,Viral ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Flaviviridae Infections ,GB virus C ,HIV ,Hepatitis ,Viral ,Human ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Prevalence ,Uganda ,United States ,Viral Load ,Virus Replication ,Young Adult ,Biological Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Virology ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
We compared the plasma viromes of HIV-infected subjects with low versus high CD4(+) T cell counts from the United States and Uganda by using deep sequencing and detected HIV, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, GB virus C, anellovirus, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) reads. An increase in the proportion of reads for anelloviruses, a family of highly prevalent and genetically diverse human viruses, was seen in subjects with AIDS from both countries. The proportion of endogenous human retrovirus reads was increased in AIDS subjects from Uganda but not the United States. Progression to AIDS is therefore associated with changes in the plasma concentration of commensal viruses.
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- 2013
4. Acquisition of GB virus type C and lower mortality in patients with advanced HIV disease.
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Vahidnia, Farnaz, Petersen, Maya, Stapleton, Jack, Rutherford, George, Busch, Michael, and Custer, Brian
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Adult ,Blood Component Transfusion ,Female ,Flaviviridae Infections ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Hepatitis ,Viral ,Human ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Survival Analysis - Abstract
BACKGROUND: GB virus type C (GBV-C) is transmitted by sexual or parenteral exposure and is prevalent among patients receiving blood products. GBV-C is associated with lower human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA and better survival among HIV-infected patients. Open questions are the presence and the direction of any causal relationship between GBV-C infection and HIV disease markers in the context of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: We used a limited access database obtained from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS), a randomized controlled trial of leukoreduced vs nonleukoreduced transfusions to HIV-infected transfusion-naive patients. Blood samples from 489 subjects were tested for GBV-C markers. Cox regression models and inverse probability of treatment weights were used to examine the association between GBV-C coinfection and mortality in the VATS cohort. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in mortality among GBV-C coinfected VATS subjects, after adjusting for HAART status, HIV RNA level, and CD4 cell count at baseline. Acquisition of GBV-C RNA (n = 39) was associated with lower mortality in 294 subjects who were GBV-C negative at baseline, adjusting for baseline covariates (hazard ratio = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .08-.58) and in models in which weights were used to control for time-updated covariates (odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI: .08-.60). CONCLUSIONS: GBV-C viremia is associated with lower mortality, and GBV-C acquisition via transfusion is associated with a significant reduction in mortality in HIV-infected individuals, controlling for HIV disease markers. These findings provide the first evidence that incident GBV-C infection alters mortality in HIV-infected patients.
- Published
- 2012
5. Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland
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Iwona Bukowska-Ośko, Karol Perlejewski, Agnieszka Pawełczyk, Małgorzata Rydzanicz, Agnieszka Pollak, Marta Popiel, Kamila Caraballo Cortés, Marcin Paciorek, Andrzej Horban, Tomasz Dzieciątkowski, Marek Radkowski, and Tomasz Laskus
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human pegivirus ,pegivirus ,GB virus C ,hepatitis ,encephalitis ,compartmentalization ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Human pegivirus (HPgV), previously called hepatitis G virus or GB virus C, is a lymphotropic virus with undefined pathology. Because many viruses from the family Flaviviridae, to which HPgV belongs, are neurotropic, we studied whether HPgV could infect the central nervous system. We tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 96 patients with a diagnosis of encephalitis for a variety of pathogens by molecular methods and serology; we also tested for autoantibodies against neuronal antigens. We found HPgV in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 3 patients who had encephalitis of unclear origin; that is, all the markers that had been tested were negative. Single-strand confirmation polymorphism and next-generation sequencing analysis revealed differences between the serum and cerebrospinal fluid–derived viral sequences, which is compatible with the presence of a separate HPgV compartment in the central nervous system. It is unclear whether HPgV was directly responsible for encephalitis in these patients.
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- 2018
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6. Global prevalence of human pegivirus‐1 in healthy volunteer blood donors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
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Yang, Na, Dai, Run, and Zhang, Xiaojun
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META-analysis , *BLOOD donors , *VOLUNTEERS , *BLOOD transfusion reaction - Abstract
Background and objectives: The local prevalence of HPgV‐1 has been reported from different countries worldwide, but the global prevalence of HPgV‐1 remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to gather data from the literature to estimate the prevalence of HPgV‐1 in healthy volunteer blood donors in the world. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for records up to January 2019 and included studies reporting HPgV‐1 virus prevalence amongst healthy volunteer blood donors based on the detection of HPgV‐1 RNA. Results: In all, we included 79 studies for the systematic review and 63 for the meta‐analysis. Based on the random effect meta‐analysis of 35 468 volunteer blood donors, we found the global prevalence of HPgV‐1 to be 3·1% (95% CI, 2·4–4·1). The pooled prevalences of HPgV‐1 were 1·7% (95% CI, 1·1–2·6) in North America, 9·1% (95% CI, 6·4–12·7) in South America, 2·3% (95% CI, 2%, 2·8) in Europe and 2·4% (95% CI, 1·4–4) in Asia. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender or risk factors were not possible. Conclusion: Approximately 3 in 100 blood donations worldwide are positive for HPgV‐1 increasing the risk of infection from transfusion of their components to subsequent recipients. Further research on virus pathogenicity is required before recommending routine screening of HPgV‐1 for healthy volunteer blood donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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7. Presence of GB Virus C in Whole-Blood Derivatives: A Pilot Study.
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Kelishadi, Mishar, Hashemi, Pezhman, Ashrafi, G. Hossein, Behnampour, Naser, and Tabarraei, Alijan
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ERYTHROCYTES , *PILOT projects , *CELL anatomy , *NUCLEIC acids , *BLOOD products - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is necessary for the prevention and treatment of a variety of life-threatening injuries and diseases. However, viral contamination of these products is a great threat to recipients. Screening donors for GB virus C by nucleic acid testing is not routinely implemented worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of GBV-C RNA in whole blood/red cell components. Methods: In this cross sectional pilot study, we collected 153 units of packed RBCs from blood banks of two public hospitals in Gorgan (northeast of Iran), between October and November 2014. The samples were screened for the presence of GBV-C RNA in plasma by nested RT-PCR using specific primers targeting highly conserved regions of 5' UTR of GBV-C. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). Results: Overall, 48 (31.37%) whole blood or red cell components were positive for GBV-C viremia. The GBV-C RNA was detected in 31/88 citrate phosphate dextrose-adenine 1 (CPDA1) RBC, 16/50 washed RBC and 1/13 reduced-leukocyte RBC. However, whole blood CPDA1 was negative for GBV-C viremia. Direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed GBV-C contamination. Conclusions: Transmission of GBV-C infection was observed in blood products. Thus, efforts should be made to develop new strategies for assuring blood transfusion safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. Fighting the Public Health Burden of AIDS With the Human Pegivirus.
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Greenhalgh, Scott, Schmidt, Rebecca, and Day, Troy
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AIDS , *PUBLIC health , *RNA virus infections - Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From its current global rollout, HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality has been greatly reduced, yet there exists substantial interest in the development of new therapies to further mitigate the HIV/AIDS health burden and to inhibit any fallout from the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. One potential intervention is the human pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is not known to cause disease, and most remarkably it is shown to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. However, the health benefit of increasing HPgV prevalence in the community of HIV-infected men remains unknown at the public health level. We evaluated the utility of HPgV biovaccination for mitigating the HIV/AIDS health burden using mathematical models. Importantly, our work considers the potential concern that HPgV will, itself, evolve to become disease-causing by permitting mutant disease-causing HPgV strains to potentially arise during treatment. Our findings show that HPgV biovaccination rates of 12.5%–50% annually could prevent 4.2–23.6 AIDS incidences and 3.3–18.8 AIDS deaths, and could save 2.9–18.6 disability-adjusted life years per 1,000 people. Together, these findings indicate that HPgV biovaccination could be an effective therapy for reducing HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, and thus warrants further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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9. Occurrence and molecular characterization of human pegivirus‐1 (HPgV‐1) viremia in healthy volunteer blood donors from Northern Portugal
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Mafalda Castro, Isabel M. Matas, Eliane Silva, Patrícia Ferreira Barradas, Irina Amorim, Helena Gomes, Álvaro Monteiro, Maria São José Nascimento, and João R. Mesquita
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Portugal ,Flaviviridae ,Blood Donors ,GB virus C ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Healthy Volunteers ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,Prevalence ,Humans ,RNA ,RNA, Viral ,Viremia ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and the Pegivirus genus. Despite having been discovered 25 years ago, there is still much to know regarding HPgV-1 clinical impact, as this virus is currently not associated with any pathology. Yet, HPgV-1 prevalence and molecular characterization are still unknown in many countries, including Portugal. To fill in this knowledge gap, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of HPgV-1 in a group of healthy blood donors from the north of Portugal. Blood samples from 465 Portuguese blood donors were collected from a major Hospital Center in the north of Portugal. RNA was extracted and an initial nested RT-PCR was performed targeting the conserved 5'-untranslated region region of the HPgV-1 genome. A second nested RT-PCR targeting the E2 region was performed for genotyping. Only one sample tested positive for HPgV-1 RNA, resulting in a prevalence of approximately 0.22%. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the characterization as genotype 2, the most prevalent in Europe.
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- 2022
10. Review of human pegivirus: Prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical implication
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Yaqi Yu, Zhenzhou Wan, Jian-Hua Wang, Xianguang Yang, and Chiyu Zhang
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Microbiology (medical) ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ,pathogenesis ,prevalence ,Immunology ,GB virus C ,human pegivirus ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Flaviviridae Infections ,hepatitis c virus ,Microbiology ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Infectious Diseases ,Pegivirus ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Parasitology ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Human pegivirus (HPgV-1), previously known as GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV), is a single-stranded positive RNA virus belonging to the genus Pegivirus of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted by percutaneous injuries (PIs), contaminated blood and/or blood products, sexual contact, and vertical mother-to-child transmission. It is widely prevalent in general population, especially in high-risk groups. HPgV-1 viremia is typically cleared within the first 1–2 years of infection in most healthy individuals, but may persist for longer periods of time in immunocompromised individuals and/or those co-infected by other viruses. A large body of evidences indicate that HPgV-1 persistent infection has a beneficial clinical effect on many infectious diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis C. The beneficial effects seem to be related to a significant reduction of immune activation, and/or the inhabitation of co-infected viruses (e.g. HIV-1). HPgV-1 has a broad cellular tropism for lymphoid and myeloid cells, and preferentially replicates in bone marrow and spleen without cytopathic effect, implying a therapeutic potential. The paper aims to summarize the natural history, prevalence and distribution characteristics, and pathogenesis of HPgV-1, and discuss its association with other human viral diseases, and potential use in therapy as a biovaccine or viral vector.
- Published
- 2022
11. Monitoring of plasma Torque teno virus, total Anelloviridae and Human Pegivirus 1 viral load for the prediction of infectious events and acute graft versus host disease in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting.
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Forqué L, Albert E, Piñana JL, Pérez A, Hernani R, Solano C, Navarro D, and Giménez E
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- Humans, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Anelloviridae genetics, Torque teno virus genetics, GB virus C, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation adverse effects, Graft vs Host Disease, BK Virus
- Abstract
Anelloviridae and Human Pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) blood burden have been postulated to behave as surrogate markers for immunosuppression in transplant recipients. Here, we assessed the potential utility plasma Torque teno virus (TTV), total Anelloviridae (TAV), and HPgV-1 load monitoring for the identification of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients (allo-HSCT) at increased risk of infectious events or acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD). In this single-center, observational study, plasma TTV DNA, TAV DNA, and HPgV-1 RNA loads were monitored in 75 nonconsecutive allo-HSCT recipients (median age, 54 years). Monitoring was conducted before at baseline or by days +30, +60, +90, +120, and +180 after transplantation. Pneumonia due to different viruses or Pneumocystis jirovecii, BK polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis (BKPyV-HC), and Cytomegalovirus DNAemia were the infectious events considered in the current study. Kinetics of plasma TTV, TAV DNA, and HPgV-1 RNA load was comparable, with though and peak levels measured by days +30 and day +90 (+120 for HPgV-1). Forty patients (53%) developed one or more infectious events during the first 180 days after allo-HSCT, whereas 29 patients (39%) had aGvHD (grade II-IV in 18). Neither, TTV, TAV, nor HPgV-1 loads were predictive of overall infection or CMV DNAemia. A TTV DNA load cut-off ≥4.40 log
10 (pretransplant) and ≥4.58 log10 (baseline) copies/mL predicted the occurrence of BKPyV-HC (sensitivity ≥89%, negative predictive value, ≥96%). TTV DNA loads ≥3.38 log10 by day +30 anticipated the occurrence of aGvHD (sensitivity, 90%; negative predictive value, 97%). Pretransplant HPgV-1 loads were significantly lower (p = 0.03) in patients who had aGvHD than in those who did not. Monitoring of TTV DNA or HPgV-1 RNA plasma levels either before or early after transplantation may be ancillary to identify allo-HSCT recipients at increased risk of BKPyV-HC or aGvHD., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
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12. Human Pegivirus Type 1: A Common Human Virus That Is Beneficial in Immune-Mediated Disease?
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Jack T. Stapleton
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Immunology ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - Abstract
Two groups identified a novel human flavivirus in the mid-1990s. One group named the virus hepatitis G virus (HGV) and the other named it GB Virus type C (GBV-C). Sequence analyses found these two isolates to be the same virus, and subsequent studies found that the virus does not cause hepatitis despite sharing genome organization with hepatitis C virus. Although HGV/GBV-C infection is common and may cause persistent infection in humans, the virus does not appear to directly cause any other known disease state. Thus, the virus was renamed “human pegivirus 1” (HPgV-1) for “persistent G” virus. HPgV-1 is found primarily in lymphocytes and not hepatocytes, and several studies found HPgV-1 infection associated with prolonged survival in people living with HIV. Co-infection of human lymphocytes with HPgV-1 and HIV inhibits HIV replication. Although three viral proteins directly inhibit HIV replication in vitro, the major effects of HPgV-1 leading to reduced HIV-related mortality appear to result from a global reduction in immune activation. HPgV-1 specifically interferes with T cell receptor signaling (TCR) by reducing proximal activation of the lymphocyte specific Src kinase LCK. Although TCR signaling is reduced, T cell activation is not abolished and with sufficient stimulus, T cell functions are enabled. Consequently, HPgV-1 is not associated with immune suppression. The HPgV-1 immunomodulatory effects are associated with beneficial outcomes in other diseases including Ebola virus infection and possibly graft-versus-host-disease following stem cell transplantation. Better understanding of HPgV-1 immune escape and mechanisms of inflammation may identify novel therapies for immune-based diseases.
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- 2022
13. Prevalence and vertical transmission of human pegivirus among pregnant women infected with HIV.
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Santos, Lucas M., Lobato, Rubens C., Barral, Maria Fernanda M., Gonçalves, Carla V., Hora, Vanusa P., and Martinez, Ana Maria B.
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HIV infection transmission , *PREGNANCY complications , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *HIV infection complications , *HIV infection epidemiology , *COMMUNICABLE disease epidemiology , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *HEPATITIS viruses , *DISEASE prevalence , *FLAVIVIRAL diseases , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) , *DISEASE complications , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) and factors associated with vertical transmission among pregnant women infected with HIV.Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women treated at an HIV reference service in Rio Grande, Brazil, between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2015. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose HPgV infection among the women and their neonates. Clinical, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from medical records.Results: Infection with HPgV was detected among 16 (25%) of 63 women and 5 (8%) of 63 newborns, corresponding to a vertical transmission rate of 31%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of prenatal care was the only risk factor for vertical transmission of HPgV (prevalence ratio 19.61, 95% confidence interval 1.29-297.48; P=0.032).Conclusion: Prenatal care could protect against vertical transmission of HPgV among women infected with HIV; however, studies among HIV-negative individuals are still required to verify this correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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14. Prevalence and genotypic distribution of GB virus C and torque teno virus among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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HANGGORO TRI RINONCE, YOSHIHIKO YANO, TAKAKO UTSUMI, DIDIK SETYO HERIYANTO, NUNGKI ANGGOROWATI, WIDASARI, DEWIYANI INDAH, GHOZALI, AHMAD, TOTOK UTORO, LUSIDA, MARIA INGE, SOETJIPTO, HERU PRASANTO, and YOSHITAKE HAYASHI
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TORQUE teno virus , *HEMODIALYSIS , *RNA , *GENOTYPES , *BLOOD filtration - Abstract
Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk of infection with blood-borne viruses, including GB virus C (GBV-C) and torque teno virus (TTV). However, the prevalence and genotypic distribution of these viruses in the assessed patients undergoing hemodialysis remains unclear. The present study investigated these issues and the possibility of nosocomial transmission among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a unit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. GBV-C RNA was detected in 92/161 patients (57.1%) by nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) classified the GBV-C isolates into genotypes 6 (85%), 2 (8%), 4 (6%), and 3 (1%). TTV DNA was detected in all patients by the amplification of the 5'-UTR and open reading frame-1 (ORF1) by nested and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1 revealed that genotype 1 was dominant (84%), followed by genotypes 2 (10%) and 3 (6%). The greater prevalence of GBV-C genotype 6 in patients undergoing hemodialysis compared with the general population and the identical sequences observed in multiple isolates provided strong evidence of patient-to-patient transmission. The prevalence of TTV in hemodialysis patients was similar to that observed in the general population, and only one pair of TTV isolates was identical. These results indicated that nosocomial infection was not the main cause of the high prevalence of TTV in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In conclusion, GBV-C and TTV infections are common in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and transmission is likely to be nosocomial in the case of GBV-C infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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15. Human pegivirus type 1 infection in kidney transplant recipients: Replication kinetics and clinical correlates
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Mario Fernández‐Ruiz, Lorena Forque, Eliseo Albert, Natalia Redondo, Estela Giménez, Francisco López‐Medrano, Esther González, Natalia Polanco, Tamara Ruiz‐Merlo, Patricia Parra, Rafael San Juan, Amado Andrés, José María Aguado, and David Navarro
- Subjects
Transplantation ,Kinetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Humans ,GB virus C ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Kidney Transplantation ,Transplant Recipients - Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that infection with the nonpathogenic human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) exerts a clinical benefit in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, which could be attributable to immunomodulatory effects. Whether this impact can be extrapolated to kidney transplantation (KT) remains largely unknown.We measured plasma HPgV-1 RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the 5' untranslated region at various points (pretransplantation, day 7, months 1, 3, 6, and 12) in 199 KT recipients. Study outcomes included posttransplant serious infection, immunosuppression-related adverse event (opportunistic infection and/or de novo cancer), and acute graft rejection.HPgV-1 infection was demonstrated in 52 (26.1%) patients, with rates increasing from 14.7% at baseline to 19.1% by month 12 (p-value = .071). De novo infection occurred in 13.8% of patients with no detectable HPgV-1 RNA before transplantation. Double-organ (liver-kidney or kidney-pancreas) transplantation (odds ratio [OR]: 5.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-20.82) and donation after brain death (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.00-4.88) were associated with posttransplant HPgV-1 infection, whereas pretransplant hypertension was protective (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.09-0.55). There were no significant differences in the incidence of study outcomes according to HPgV-1 status. Plasma HPgV-1 RNA levels at different points did not significantly differ between patients that subsequently developed outcomes and those remaining free from these events. No correlation between HPgV-1 RNA and immune parameters or torque teno virus DNA load was observed either.Unlike patients living with HIV, HPgV-1 infection does not seem to influence patient or graft outcomes after KT.
- Published
- 2021
16. Viral metagenomic sequencing in a cohort of international travellers returning with febrile illness
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Igor A. Sidorov, Margriet E.M. Kraakman, Alhena Reyes, Ellen C. Carbo, Aloys C.M. Kroes, Jutte J.C. Vries de, Eric C. J. Claas, Johan S. van Harinxma thoe Slooten, and Leo G. Visser
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Travellers ,Serum ,Torque teno virus ,Viral metagenomics ,Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Fever ,viruses ,Pathogen detection ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Dengue fever ,Virology ,Medicine ,Outpatient clinic ,Humans ,Capture probes ,Retrospective Studies ,Hepatitis B virus ,biology ,business.industry ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,GB virus C ,Infectious Diseases ,Viruses ,Metagenomics ,business ,Viral metagenomic - Abstract
BackgroundDiagnosis of infections in returning international travellers can be challenging because of the broad spectrum of potential infectious aetiologies potentially involved. Viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to detect any virus present in a patient sample and is increasingly being used for difficult to diagnose cases. The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of mNGS for viral pathogen detection in the clinical setting of international travellers returning with febrile illness.MethodsThirty-eight serum samples from international travellers returning with febrile illness and presenting at the outpatient clinic of the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands in the time period 2015-2016 were selected retrospectively. Samples were processed for viral metagenomic sequencing using a probe panel capturing all known vertebrate viruses. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using Genome Detective software for metagenomic virus detection. Metagenomic virus findings were compared with viral pathogen detection using conventional methods.ResultsIn 8 out of the 38 patients (21%), a pathogenic virus was detected by mNGS. All viral pathogens detected by conventional assays were also detected by mNGS: dengue virus (n=4 patients), Epstein-Barr virus (n=2), hepatitis B virus (n=1). In addition, mNGS resulted in additional pathogenic findings in 2 patients (5%): dengue virus (n=1), and hepatitis C virus (n=1). Non-pathogenic viruses detected were: GB virus C (n=1) and torque teno viruses (n=3). High genome coverage and depth using capture probes enabled typing of the dengue viruses detected.ConclusionsViral metagenomics has the potential to assist the detection of viral pathogens and co-infections in one step in international travellers with a febrile syndrome. Furthermore, viral enrichment by probes resulted in high genome coverage and depth which enabled dengue virus typing.
- Published
- 2021
17. Clinical and molecular aspects of human pegiviruses in the interaction host and infectious agent
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Mehdi Samadi, Vahid Salimi, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas, Seyed Mohammad Miri, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, and Amir Ghaemi
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Infectious Diseases ,Coinfection ,Virology ,Flaviviridae ,Pegivirus ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Hepatitis C ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Background Human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) is a Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) virus, discovered in 1995 as a Flaviviridae member, and the closest human virus linked to HCV. In comparison to HCV, HPgV-1 seems to be lymphotropic and connected to the viral group that infects T and B lymphocytes. HPgV-1 infection is not persuasively correlated to any known human disease; nevertheless, multiple studies have reported a connection between chronic HPgV-1 infection and improved survival in HPgV-1/HIV co-infected patients with a delayed and favorable impact on HIV infection development. While the process has not been thoroughly clarified, different mechanisms for these observations have been proposed. HPgV-1 is categorized into seven genotypes and various subtypes. Infection with HPgV-1 is relatively common globally. It can be transferred parenterally, sexually, and through vertical ways, and thereby its co-infection with HIV and HCV is common. In most cases, the clearance of HPgV-1 from the body can be achieved by developing E2 antibodies after infection. Main body In this review, we thoroughly discuss the current knowledge and recent advances in understanding distinct epidemiological, molecular, and clinical aspects of HPgV-1. Conclusion Due to the unique characteristics of the HPgV-1, so advanced research on HPgV-1, particularly in light of HIV co-infection and other diseases, should be conducted to explore the essential mechanisms of HIV clearance and other viruses and thereby suggest novel strategies for viral therapy in the future.
- Published
- 2021
18. Evaluation of immunogenicity of gene-deleted and subunit vaccines constructed against the emerging pseudorabies virus variants.
- Author
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Zhang HL, Zhang RH, Liu G, Li GM, Wang FX, Wen YJ, and Shan H
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- Rabbits, Animals, Swine, Vaccines, Attenuated, Vaccines, Subunit, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Herpesvirus 1, Suid, Pseudorabies, GB virus C
- Abstract
Background: Pseudorabies (PR) (also called Aujeszky's disease, AD) is a serious infectious disease affecting pigs and other animals worldwide. The emergence of variant strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) since 2011 has led to PR outbreaks in China and a vaccine that antigenically more closely matches these PRV variants could represent an added value to control these infections., Methods: The objective of this study was to develop new live attenuated and subunit vaccines against PRV variant strains. Genomic alterations of vaccine strains were based on the highly virulent SD-2017 mutant strain and gene-deleted strains SD-2017ΔgE/gI and SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK, which constructed using homologous recombination technology. PRV gB-DCpep (Dendritic cells targeting peptide) and PorB (the outer membrane pore proteins of N. meningitidis) proteins containing gp67 protein secretion signal peptide were expressed using the baculovirus system for the preparation of subunit vaccines. We used experimental animal rabbits to test immunogenicity to evaluate the effect of the newly constructed PR vaccines., Results: Compared with the PRV-gB subunit vaccine and SD-2017ΔgE/gI inactivated vaccines, rabbits (n = 10) that were intramuscularly vaccinated with SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine showed significantly higher anti-PRV-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ levels in serum. In addition, the SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine protected (90-100%) rabbits against homologous infection by the PRV variant strain. No obvious pathological damage was observed in these vaccinated rabbits., Conclusions: The SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine provided 100% protection against PRV variant challenge. Interestingly, the subunit vaccines with gB protein linked to DCpep and PorB protein as adjuvant may also be a promising and effective PRV variant vaccine candidate., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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19. Definition of an 18-mer Synthetic Peptide Derived from the GB virus C E1 Protein as a New HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor.
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Gómara, M.J., Sánchez-Merino, V., Paús, A., Merino-Mansilla, A., Gatell, J.M., Yuste, E., and Haro, I.
- Subjects
- *
AIDS patients , *FLAVIVIRUSES , *PEPTIDOMIMETICS , *MORTALITY of AIDS patients , *VIREMIA , *DISEASE progression , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Background : A slower progression of AIDS and increased survival in GBV-C positive individuals, compared with GBV-C negative individuals has been demonstrated; while the loss of GBV-C viremia was closely associated with a rise in mortality and increased progression of AIDS. Following on from the previous reported studies that support the thesis that GBV-C E2 interferes with HIV-1 entry, in this work we try to determine the role of the GBV-C E1 protein in HIV-1 inhibition. Methods : The present work involves the construction of several overlapping peptide libraries scanning the GBV-C E1 protein and the evaluation of their anti-HIV activity. Results : Specifically, an 18-mer synthetic peptide from the GBV-C E1 protein, E1(139-156), showed similar antiviral activity against HIVs from viruses from clades A, B, C, D and AE. Competitive ELISA using specific gp41-targeting mAbs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer as well as haemolysis assays demonstrated that this E1 peptide sequence interacts with the highly conserved N-terminal region of the HIV-1 gp41 (the fusion peptide) which is essential for viral entry. Conclusions : We have defined a novel peptide lead compound and described the inhibitory role of a highly conserved fragment of the E1 protein. General Significance : The results together allow us to consider the non-pathogenic E1 GBV-C protein as an attractive source of peptides for the development of novel anti-HIV therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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20. Detection of GB virus C genomic sequence in the cerebrospinal fluid of a HIV-infected patient in China: a case report and literature review.
- Author
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LIU, Z., ZHANG, Y., WEI, F., XU, M., MOU, D., ZHANG, T., LI, W., CHEN, D., and WU, H.
- Abstract
Hepatitis G virus or GB virus C (GBV-C) is a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus, but replicates primarily in lymphocytes. Co-infection with GBV-C has been reported to confer beneficial outcomes in some HIV-positive patients. Up to now, however, studies on GBV-C infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV-infected patient have rarely been reported. Herein, we report on a 32-year-old HIV-1-infected patient with cerebral toxoplasmosis and fungal encephalitis. GBV-C viral loads were detected in CSF by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), and the results showed that GBV-C viral load was 6·5 log copies/ml. We amplified and sequenced the E2 and 5′-untranslated regions from the purified viral RNA from CSF by RT–PCR. Both sequences belong to genotype 3 and there were some minor nucleotide divergence among the E2 sequences from the CSF of the patient. These data suggest that GBV-C may be able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier and colonize the CNS of HIV-infected patients. However, the exact mechanisms and potential effect of the infected GBV-C in CNS on HIV-associated neuropathy needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
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21. Prevalence of Hepatitis G virus (HGV) in High-Risk Groups and Blood Donors in Tehran, Iran
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S Amini, S Andalibi Mahmoodabadi, S Lamian, M Joulaie, and M Mahmoodi Farahani
- Subjects
GB virus C ,Blood donor ,IVDU ,HGV ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
The hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered RNA virus, which is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. A survey was conducted in thalassemic patients, intravenous drug users (IVDU) and blood donors aiming to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in these groups in Tehran. The presence of HGV RNA in these populations was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the 5’ non-coding region (NCR) of the virus. One percent of blood donors, 12.9% of thalassemics and 8.8% of the IVDUs, were infected with HGV. Twenty-five percent of HGV positive cases were also positive for HCV and none were positive for HBV-DNA. The greatest proportion of HCV positive cases were seen in IVDU group (67.4%) being the only HIV positive group (8.8%). In conclusion our study showed that HGV infection occurs with relatively intermediate frequency among thalassemics and IVDUs in Iran and a higher rate of HGV-RNA was observed in older IVDUs.
- Published
- 2005
22. Human pegivirus 1 infection in lung transplant recipients: Prevalence, clinical relevance and kinetics of viral replication under immunosuppressive therapy
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Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl, Marianne Graninger, Peter Jaksch, Irene Görzer, and Stephan W. Aberle
- Subjects
Torque teno virus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pegivirus ,GB virus C ,Virus Replication ,Organ transplantation ,Virology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Lung transplantation ,Humans ,Clinical significance ,Lung ,Immunosuppression Therapy ,biology ,business.industry ,Immunosuppression ,Viral Load ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA Virus Infections ,Transplant Recipients ,Transplantation ,Kinetics ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral replication ,Immunology ,DNA, Viral ,business - Abstract
Background Human pegivirus 1 (HPgV1) may cause persistent infections in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. Its clinical relevance, however, has not been determined. Previous studies have described a higher prevalence of HPgV1 infection in organ transplant recipients compared to healthy controls, but its occurrence in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) and its association with immunosuppressive therapy has not been assessed. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of HPgV1 infection in LTRs, and to compare HPgV1 loads and kinetics to Torque Teno Virus (TTV) kinetics, which reflects the level of immunosuppression. Study design From each of 110 LTRs, five consecutive plasma samples were collected within the first year after transplantation and tested for HPgV1 RNA and TTV DNA loads by quantitative PCR. Data were related to demographic data and clinical parameters followed up for 3 years post transplantation. Results HPgV1 prevalence in LTRs was 18,2%. HPgV1 detection was significantly associated with younger age, but not with graft rejections or other microbial infections. The viral replication level remained unaffected by immunosuppressive therapy. This was in contrast to TTV loads which increased after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, independent of the patients’ HPgV1 infection status. Conclusions In contrast to TTV, HPgV1 kinetics do not reflect the level of immunosuppression after lung transplantation, and there is no correlation between the replication of both persistent viruses in the post transplantation follow up. Thus the individual virus host interactions seem to differ substantially and require further investigation.
- Published
- 2021
23. GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in central Brazil
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Ramon Ramos Filho, Megmar AS Carneiro, Sheila A Teles, Márcia A Dias, Divina DP Cardoso, Elisabeth Lampe, Clara FT Yoshida, and Regina MB Martins
- Subjects
hepatitis G virus ,GB virus C ,dialysis ,kidney transplant ,Central Brazil ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In order to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in Central Brazil and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution, a total of 123 patients including 98 on hemodialysis, 13 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment, and 12 who received kidney transplantation were interviewed in one unit of dialysis treatment in Goiânia city. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Eighteen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2-21.7). A high positivity for GBV-C/HGV RNA was observed in patients who had received kidney transplant (16.7%), followed by those on hemodialysis (15.3%), and peritoneal dialysis (7.7%). RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1, 2, and 3 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 9 (50%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (22%) to the 2a subtype, 3 (17%) to genotype 1, and 2 (11%) to genotype 3. The present data indicate an intermediate prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection among dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in Central Brazil. Genotype 2 (subtype 2b) seems to be the most prevalent GBV-C/HGV genotype in our region.
- Published
- 2004
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24. Prevalence and genotypes of GB Virus C/Hepatitis G virus among blood donors in Central Brazil
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Luciana A Oliveira, Regina MB Martins, Megmar AS Carneiro, Sheila A Teles, Simonne A Silva, Divina DP Cardoso, Elisabeth Lampe, and Clara FT Yoshida
- Subjects
hepatitis G virus ,GB virus C ,blood donors ,Goiânia ,Central Brazil ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
A survey was conducted in a blood donor population of Central Brazil aiming to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution. A total of 241 voluntary blood donors were interviewed at the State Blood Bank in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Seventeen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 4.2-11.1). A significant trend of GBV-C/HGV RNA positivity in relation to age was observed, with the highest prevalence in donors between 29-39 years old. Ten infected individuals were characterized by reporting parenteral (30%), sexual (18%), both (6%) and intrafamiliar (6%) transmission. However, 7 (40%) GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive donors did not mention any potential transmission route. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1 and 2 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 10 (58.9%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (23.5%) to the 2a subtype, and 3 (17.6%) to genotype 1. The present data indicate an intermediate endemicity of GBV-C/HGV infection among this blood donor population, and a predominant circulation of genotype 2 (subtype 2b) in Central Brazil.
- Published
- 2002
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25. Presence of GB Virus C in Whole-Blood Derivatives: A Pilot Study
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Pezhman Hashemi, Naser Behnampour, Mishar Kelishadi, Alijan Tabarraei, and G. Hossein Ashrafi
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molecular testing ,biology ,business.industry ,gb virus c ,transfusion-transmissible infections ,biology.organism_classification ,GB virus C ,Virology ,Medicine ,epidemiology ,business ,Whole blood - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is necessary for the prevention and treatment of a variety of life-threatening injuries and diseases. However, viral contamination of these products is a great threat to recipients. Screening donors for GB virus C by nucleic acid testing is not routinely implemented worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of GBV-C RNA in whole blood/red cell components. Methods: In this cross sectional pilot study, we collected 153 units of packed RBCs from blood banks of two public hospitals in Gorgan (northeast of Iran), between October and November 2014. The samples were screened for the presence of GBV-C RNA in plasma by nested RT-PCR using specific primers targeting highly conserved regions of 5chr('39') UTR of GBV-C. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). Results: Overall, 48 (31.37%) whole blood or red cell components were positive for GBV-C viremia. The GBV-C RNA was detected in 31/88 citrate phosphate dextrose-adenine 1 (CPDA1) RBC, 16/50 washed RBC and 1/13 reduced-leukocyte RBC. However, whole blood CPDA1 was negative for GBV-C viremia. Direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed GBV-C contamination. Conclusions: Transmission of GBV-C infection was observed in blood products. Thus, efforts should be made to develop new strategies for assuring blood transfusion safety. Keywords: Molecular testing, Epidemiology, Transfusion-transmissible infections, GB Virus C.
- Published
- 2019
26. Fighting the Public Health Burden of AIDS With the Human Pegivirus
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Scott Greenhalgh, Troy Day, and Rebecca Schmidt
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Pegivirus ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Models, Biological ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flaviviridae ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,medicine ,Humans ,Disability-adjusted life year ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality, Male ,Intensive care medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Coinfection ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Public health ,Flaviviridae Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,GB virus C ,Mutation ,Disease Progression ,business - Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From its current global rollout, HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality has been greatly reduced, yet there exists substantial interest in the development of new therapies to further mitigate the HIV/AIDS health burden and to inhibit any fallout from the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. One potential intervention is the human pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is not known to cause disease, and most remarkably it is shown to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. However, the health benefit of increasing HPgV prevalence in the community of HIV-infected men remains unknown at the public health level. We evaluated the utility of HPgV biovaccination for mitigating the HIV/AIDS health burden using mathematical models. Importantly, our work considers the potential concern that HPgV will, itself, evolve to become disease-causing by permitting mutant disease-causing HPgV strains to potentially arise during treatment. Our findings show that HPgV biovaccination rates of 12.5%–50% annually could prevent 4.2–23.6 AIDS incidences and 3.3–18.8 AIDS deaths, and could save 2.9–18.6 disability-adjusted life years per 1,000 people. Together, these findings indicate that HPgV biovaccination could be an effective therapy for reducing HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, and thus warrants further exploration.
- Published
- 2019
27. Virus hepatitisa G - novi hepatotropni virus
- Author
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Kuljić-Kapulica Nada
- Subjects
GB virus C ,genome, viral ,hepatitis, viral, human ,disease transmission ,diagnosis, differential ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Published
- 2002
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28. Tissue presentation of human pegivirus infection in liver transplanted recipients
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Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Ramin Yaghobi, Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim, Javad Moayedi, Zohreh Ali Mohammadi, Marijn Thijssen, Bita Geramizadeh, Seyed Ali Malekhosseini, Najmeh Maharlouei, and Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
- Subjects
Coinfection ,GB virus C ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Hepatitis C ,Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,DNA, Viral ,Pegivirus ,Humans ,RNA ,RNA, Viral ,Prospective Studies ,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is known for its protective role in HIV co-infected individuals. This immunomodulatory effect raised questions concerning the possible role of HPgV-1 infection and the risk of rejection in liver transplanted patients. We aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of HPgV-1 on graft outcome of liver transplanted patients. A total of 283 patients were recruited. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected from the explanted liver. HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA, and HPgV-1-RNA were determined using PCR and multiplex RT-PCR assays. The clinical course of patients including the occurrence of acute cellular rejection was compared between HPgV-1-infected vs. uninfected patients. HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA and HPgV-1-RNA were detected in 42.6%, 4.9%, and 7.8% of samples, respectively. None of the HPgV-1-infected patients experienced graft rejection. Group LASSO logistic regression revealed that HPgV-1 infection was the only factor which significantly reduced the odds of graft rejection (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.29-0.89). No significant association was found between the presence of HPgV-1 with HBV and HCV infections. The lack of graft rejection in HPgV-1-infected liver transplanted patients might indicate a possible role of this virus for graft surveillance. Since these are still preliminary findings, prospective studies should further elucidate the role of HPgV-1 in liver transplantation outcomes.
- Published
- 2022
29. Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia— A review of the literature
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Jason T. Blackard and Joseph Zimmerman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Asia ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,Pegivirus ,030106 microbiology ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,Genotype ,medicine ,Humans ,Phylogeny ,biology ,Coinfection ,business.industry ,Flaviviridae Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,Flavivirus ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral ,business ,Hiv disease - Abstract
The human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1)-as known as hepatitis G virus and GB virus C-is a common single-stranded RNA flavivirus. Because few studies have demonstrated an association between HPgV-1 infection and disease, screening for HPgV-1 is not performed routinely. Nonetheless, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 infection on HIV disease progression has been reported in multiple studies. Given the burden of HIV in Asia and the complex interactions between viral co-infections and the host, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing data from Asia on HPgV-1 infection, including the prevalence and circulating genotypes in all Asian countries with data reported. This review highlights the research conducted thus far and emphasizes the need for additional studies on HPgV-1 across the Asian continent.
- Published
- 2021
30. Human pegivirus-1 replication influences NK cell reconstitution after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Author
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Pradier A, Cordey S, Zanella MC, Melotti A, Wang S, Mamez AC, Chalandon Y, Masouridi-Levrat S, Kaiser L, Simonetta F, and Vu DL
- Subjects
- Humans, Cohort Studies, Transplantation, Homologous, Killer Cells, Natural, GB virus C, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Introduction: Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is a so-called commensal virus for which no known associated organ disease has been found to date. Yet, it affects immune-reconstitution as previously studied in the HIV population, in whom active co-infection with HPgV-1 can modulate T and NK cell activation and differentiation leading to a protective effect against the evolution of the disease. Little is known on the effect of HPgV-1 on immune-reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, a patient population in which we and others have previously reported high prevalence of HPgV-1 replication. The aim of this study was to compare the immune reconstitution after allo-HSCT among HPgV-1-viremic and HPgV-1-non-viremic patients., Methods: Within a cohort study of 40 allo-HSCT patients, 20 allo-HSCT recipients positive in plasma sample for HPgV-1 by rRT-PCR during the first year (1, 3, 6, 12 months) after transplantation were matched with 20 allo-HSCT recipients negative for HPgV-1. T and NK cell reconstitution was monitored by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples from allo-HSCT recipients at the same time points., Results: We observed no significant difference in the absolute number and subsets proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells between patient groups at any analysed timepoint. We observed a significantly higher absolute number of NK cells at 3 months among HPgV-1-viremic patients. Immunophenotypic analysis showed a significantly higher proportion of CD56
bright NK cells mirrored by a reduced percentage of CD56dim NK cells in HPgV-1-positive patients during the first 6 months after allo-HSCT. At 6 months post-allo-HSCT, NK cell phenotype significantly differed depending on HPgV-1, HPgV-1-viremic patients displaying NK cells with lower CD16 and CD57 expression compared with HPgV-1-negative patients. In accordance with their less differentiated phenotype, we detected a significantly reduced expression of granzyme B in NK cells in HPgV-1-viremic patients at 6 months., Discussion: Our study shows that HPgV-1-viremic allo-HSCT recipients displayed an impaired NK cell, but not T cell, immune-reconstitution compared with HPgV-1-non-viremic patients, revealing for the first time a potential association between replication of the non-pathogenic HPgV-1 virus and immunomodulation after allo-HSCT., Competing Interests: YC: consulting fees from MSD, Novartis, Incyte, BMS, Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche, Jazz, Gilead, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Servier; Travel support from MSD, Roche, Gilead, Amgen, Incyte, Abbvie, Janssen, Astra-Zeneca, Jazz. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Pradier, Cordey, Zanella, Melotti, Wang, Mamez, Chalandon, Masouridi-Levrat, Kaiser, Simonetta and Vu.)- Published
- 2023
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31. Evaluation of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis G Virus Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients Referred to Iranian Army Hospitals in Tehran During 2012-2013.
- Author
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Dadmanesh, Maryam, Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad, Keyvani, Hossein, Ghorban, Khodayar, Rahimi, Maryam, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, and Ranjbar, Mohammad Mehdi
- Subjects
- *
CHI-squared test , *HEMODIALYSIS , *HEPATITIS , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MILITARY hospitals , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *MANN Whitney U Test , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered and enveloped RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle, which has not yet been proven to have major negative effects on liver. Objectives: Increasing the risk of blood-borne infections in hemodialysis patients is a main health care concern in different countries. Therefore, it is important to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis G virus infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients to design standard prevention and treatment plans. Patients and Methods: In this multicenter observational or epidemiologic study, 138 patients who underwent hemodialysis in Iranian Army hospitals in Tehran were included. Serum HIV antibody (Ab), HCV antibody and HBS antigen (Ag) were assessed. Demographic data such as gender, age, blood group, cause of renal failure, dialysis onset and duration were collected from medical files. GBV-C/HGV was evaluated by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Then, all data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 13. Results: In total, 81 males and 57 females were included. The mean age of patients was 62.16 ± 14.86 years. Six (4.3%) had positive results for GBV-C/HGV by RT-PCR. Except gender (P = 0.045) and duration of dialysis in a week (P < 0.001), other demographic factors revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05). All patients had negative results for HIV Ab, HCV Ab and HBS Ag. Conclusions: Overall, 4.3% of patients had positive results for GBV-C/HGV and all negative for HIV, HCV and HBV. Further studies are needed to elucidate real prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of HGV infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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32. Analysis of GB virus C infection among HIV-HCV coinfected patients Análise da infecção pelo vírus GB-C em pacientes com coinfecção VIH-VHC
- Author
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Aline de Jesus Barbosa, Giovana Lótici Baggio-Zappia, Cristine Dobo, Viviane Kelly Alves-Sousa, Graziela de Almeida Lanzara, Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro da Silva, Valéria Pereira Lanzoni, and Celso Francisco Hernandes Granato
- Subjects
Vírus GB-C ,Vírus da hepatite G ,Vírus da hepatite C ,VIH ,Coinfecção ,GB virus C ,Hepatitis G virus ,Hepatitis C virus ,HIV ,Coinfection ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GB virus C on laboratory markers and histological parameters among HIV-seropositive patients coinfected with HCV. Lower degrees of hepatic lesions were observed in the triple-infected patients, in comparison with HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were negative for GBV-C RNA.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da infecção pelo vírus GB-C em marcadores laboratoriais e parâmetros histológicos em pacientes HIV soropositivos coinfectados com VHC. Menor grau de lesão hepática foi observado nos pacientes com tripla infecção em comparação aos pacientes coinfectados com VIH-VHC negativos para GBV-C RNA.
- Published
- 2009
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33. Exploring Viral Interference Using Peptides: Molecular Determinants of HIV-1 Inhibition by a Peptide Derived from Human Pegivirus-1 Envelope Protein E2
- Author
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Barbara Schmidt, Anette Rohrhofer, Tamara Ruegamer, Rebecca Hoffmann, Jutta Eichler, Peter Kirmeß, Karen M. Fiebig, and Johanna Schaubächer
- Subjects
Pegivirus ,Peptide ,GB virus C ,viral interference ,V3 loop ,HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Viral Proteins ,Drug Discovery ,Amino Acid Sequence ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Binding site ,Viral Interference ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Binding Sites ,biology ,Tetrapeptide ,Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,gp120 V3 loop ,virus diseases ,human pegivirus ,Full Papers ,Envelope glycoprotein GP120 ,biology.organism_classification ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,HIV-1 ,peptides ,Molecular Medicine ,Cysteine ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Co‐infection with the human pegivirus 1 (HPgV‐1) often has a beneficial effect on disease progression in HIV‐1‐infected individuals. Several HPgV‐1 proteins and peptides, including a 20‐mer peptide (P6‐2) derived from the N‐terminal region of the HPgV‐1 surface protein E2, have been associated with this phenomenon, which is referred to as viral interference. We identified the cysteine residues, the hydrophobic core tetrapeptide, as well as the C‐terminal negative charge as key factors for the HIV‐1 inhibitory activity of P6‐2. Analysis of mutations in P6‐2‐resistant HIV‐1 indicated a binding site for the peptide in the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. In fact, P6‐2 was shown to bind to soluble gp120, as well as to a peptide presenting the gp120 V3 loop. Furthermore, the HIV‐1 inhibitory activity of P6‐2 could be revoked by the V3 loop peptide, thus indicating a molecular mechanism that involves interaction of P6‐2 with the gp120 V3 loop., Virus versus virus The HIV‐1 inhibitory activity of P6‐2, a peptide derived from the HPgV‐1 E2 protein, is linked to its cysteine residues, hydrophobic core, and C‐terminal negative charge. Similar to the HIV‐1 coreceptors, P6‐2 binds to the V3 loop of HIV‐1 gp120, which mighty point to a molecular mechanism of viral interference of HPgV‐1 with HIV‐1 infection.
- Published
- 2020
34. A cyclic GB virus C derived peptide with anti-HIV-1 activity targets the fusion peptide of HIV-1.
- Author
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Galatola, Ramona, Vasconcelos, Aimee, Pérez, Yolanda, Cruz, Antonio, Pujol, Montserrat, Alsina, María A., Gómara, María J., and Haro, Isabel
- Subjects
- *
PEPTIDE analysis , *ANTI-HIV agents , *TARGETED drug delivery , *PEPTIDES , *CELL membranes - Abstract
The development of peptide fusion inhibitors based on short synthetic peptides represents a promising option in the fight against HIV-1 infection, especially in individuals infected with multiresistant HIV-1 strains. GBV-C has the beneficial effect of retarding the progression of AIDS in people who are co-infected with both the GBV-C and HIV viruses. In previous works, the E1(22–39) GBV-C sequence (E1P8lin) was found to be capable of inhibiting the interaction of HIV-1 FP with bilayers and its cyclic analogue (E1P8cyc) showed a higher anti-HIV-1 activity. In the present work, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the interaction of E1P8 peptides with HIV-1 FP, we analyzed direct interactions between peptides at the molecular level. Our results support that E1P8cyc might be more potent at blocking HIV-1 entry than E1P8lin as a consequence of the structure induced in the complex formed with HIV-1 FP, which is able to modify the conformation adopted by this functional domain of the HIV-1 gp41 protein in target cell membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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35. Large scale screening of human sera for HCV RNA and GBV-C RNA.
- Author
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Keys, Jessica R., Leone, Peter A., Eron, Joseph J., Alexander, Kelcie, Brinson, Myra, and Swanstrom, Ronald
- Abstract
North Carolina locates acute HIV cases by pooled nucleic acid testing of HIV-antibody negative serum samples. Here, 224 pools of 80 HIV-negative samples (N = 17,920) were screened for viral RNA from HCV, GBV-C, and influenza A. No evidence of influenza A was found, but HCV and GBV-C were common (1.2% and 1.7% prevalence, respectively), demonstrating the utility of pooled testing in locating individuals that may remain undiagnosed otherwise. By sequencing positive pools, potential transmission clusters may be located as well. J. Med. Virol. 86:473-477, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Viral metagenomics in Brazilian multiply transfused patients with sickle cell disease as an indicator for blood transfusion safety
- Author
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W. Araújo da Silva Júnior, Simone Kashima, Ana Cristina Silva-Pinto, D. Tadeu Covas, I. Nunes Valença, and S. Nanev Slavov
- Subjects
Viral metagenomics ,Blood transfusion ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Blood Safety ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Blood viscosity ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,Disease ,Anemia, Sickle Cell ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Murine leukemia virus ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Human virome ,Blood Transfusion ,biology ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Hematology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,GB virus C ,Virology ,Metagenome ,Metagenomics ,business ,SEGURANÇA DO SANGUE ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Background and aim Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are submitted to multiple transfusions in order to increase the oxygen capacity of the blood, decrease blood viscosity, and suppress the sickling of the cells. Multiply transfused patients with SCD represent significant risk of acquiring parenterally transmitted infections. The analysis of the virome profile of high-risk multiply transfused patients with SCD can reveal the presence of parenterally transmitted viruses and therefore be used an indirect approach for evaluation of blood transfusion safety. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected from 45 patients with SCD receiving multiple transfusions and analyzed by metagenomic analyses. The samples were assembled in pools f which were submitted to nucleic acids extraction and sequencing by Illumina NextSeq 550 equipment. For bioinformatic analysis, we used a specific in-house developed pipeline specialized in identification of emerging viruses. Results The virome composition of SCD patients revealed the presence of commensal viruses represented by anelloviruses and Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1, GB virus C). Contaminant viral sequences belonging to human lentiviruses (rev, env genes), cytomegalovirus and murine leukemia virus were also identified and are attributed to vectors used in the laboratory practice. No novel or unsuspected pathogenic viruses were identified. Conclusion This study evaluates for the first time the virome of multiply transfused patients with SCD. Exclusively genetic material of commensal viruses was annotated. Therefore, we believe that viral metagenomics applied in patients with high risk for acquiring parenterally transmitted infections can serve as a direct indicator for evaluation of transfusion safety.
- Published
- 2020
37. Human pegivirus (HPgV, GBV-C) RNA in volunteer blood donors from a public hemotherapy service in Northern Brazil
- Author
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Patricia Danin Jordão Monteiro, Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano, Pedro Victor Reis da Silva, Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes, Rafael Ribeiro Barata, Patrícia Danielle Lima de Lima, Clayton Pereira da Silva, Leticia Martins Lamarão, and Aniel de Sarom Negrão Silva
- Subjects
Male ,Blood Donors ,HIV Infections ,Genome ,Carga Viral ,Coinfec??o / sangue ,Genotype ,Prevalence ,Phylogeny ,Sangue / virologia ,Massive parallel sequencing ,biology ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Viral load ,Brazil ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Pegivirus ,Preval?ncia ,Viremia ,HIV / gen?tica ,GB virus C ,Genome, Viral ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Flaviviridae ,Young Adult ,Virology ,medicine ,Doadores de Sangue ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,HIV coinfection ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Coinfec??o / virologia ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infec??es por V?rus de RNA / sangue - Abstract
HEMOPA foundation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development in Health (FIOTEC; Project PRES-012-FIO-16) and funded in part by the research productivity project CNPq (302584/2015?3) Par? State University. Center for Life Science and Health. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Par? State University. Center for Life Science and Health. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Foundation Center for Hemotherapy and Hematology of Par?. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Foundation Center for Hemotherapy and Hematology of Par?. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Ophir Loyola Hospital. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Par? State University. Center for Life Science and Health. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Human pegivirus (HPgV)?formerly known as GBV-C?is a member of the Flaviviridae family and belongs to the species Pegivirus C. It is a non-pathogenic virus and is transmitted among humans mainly through the exposure to contaminated blood and is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, among other viruses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPgV viremia, its association with HIV and clinical epidemiological factors, as well as the full-length sequencing and genome characterization of HPgV recovered from blood donors of the HEMOPA Foundation in Bel?m-PA-Brazil. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 459 donors, tested for the presence of HPgV RNA by the RT-qPCR. From these, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were submitted to the NGS sequencing approach in order to obtain the full genome. Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. Results: The prevalence of HPgV was 12.42%. We observed the highest prevalences among donors aged between 18 and 30 years old (16.5%), with brown skin color (13.2%) and men (15.8%). The newly diagnosed HIV-1 prevalence was 26.67%. The HPgV genotype 2 (2a and 2b) was identified. No data on viral load value was found to corroborate the protective effect of HPgV on HIV evolution. Conclusions: This study provided information regarding the HPgV infection among blood donors from HEMOPA Foundation. Furthermore, we genetically characterized the HPgV circulating strains and described by the first time nearly complete genomes of genotype 2 in Brazilian Amazon.
- Published
- 2020
38. GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2: Computational Molecular Features and Immunoinformatics Study.
- Author
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Ranjbar, Mohammad Mahdi, Ghorban, Khodayar, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Keyvani, Hossein, Dadmanesh, Maryam, Ardakany, Abbas Roayaei, Motedayen, Mohammad Hassan, and Sazmand, Alireza
- Subjects
- *
ALGORITHMS , *GENES , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *HEPATITIS , *IMMUNOCHEMISTRY , *GENETIC mutation - Abstract
Introduction: GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an enveloped, RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle. E2 envelope protein of GBV-C plays an important role in virus entry into the cytosol, genotyping and as a marker for diagnosing GBV-C infections. Also, there is discussion on relations between E2 protein and gp41 protein of HIV. The purposes of our study are to multi aspect molecular evaluation of GB virus C E2 protein from its characteristics, mutations, structures and antigenicity which would help to new directions for future researches. Evidence Acquisition: Briefly, steps followed here were; retrieving reference sequences of E2 protein, entropy plot evaluation for finding the mutational /conservative regions, analyzing potential Glycosylation, Phosphorylation and Palmitoylation sites, prediction of primary, secondary and tertiary structures, then amino acid distributions and transmembrane topology, prediction of T and B cell epitopes, and finally visualization of epitopes and variations regions in 3D structure. Results: Based on the entropy plot, 3 hypervariable regions (HVR) observed along E2 protein located in residues 133-135, 256-260 and 279 -281. Analyzing primary structure of protein sequence revealed basic nature, instability, and low hydrophilicity of this protein. Transmembrane topology prediction showed that residues 257-270 presented outside, while residues 234- 256 and 271-293 were transmembrane regions. Just one N-glycosylation site, 5 potential phosphorylated peptides and two palmitoylation were found. Secondary structure revealed that this protein has 6 α-helix, 12 β-strand 17 Coil structures. Prediction of T-cell epitopes based on HLA-A*02:01 showed that epitope NH3- LLLDFVFVL-COOH is the best antigen icepitope. Comparative analysis for consensus B-cell epitopes regarding transmembrane topolo gy, based on physico-chemical and machine learning approaches revealed that residue 231- 296 (NH2- EARLVPLILLLLWWWVNQLAVLGLPAVEAA VAGEVFAGPALSWCLGLPVVSMILGLANLVLYFRWL-COOH) is most effective and probable B cell epitope for E2 protein. Conclusions: The comprehensive analysis of a protein with important roles has never been easy, and in case of E2 envelope glycoprotein of HGV, there is no much data on its molecular and immunological features, clinical significance and its pathogenic potential in hepatitis or any other GBV-C related diseases. So, results of the present study may explain some structural, physiological and immunological functions of this protein in GBV-C, as well as designing new diagnostic kits and besides, help to better understandingE2 protein characteristic and other members of Flavivirus family, especially HCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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39. Human pegivirus 1 in Cabo Verde: prevalence and genotypic distribution among HIV-infected individuals
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Isabel Inês M, de Pina-Araujo, Marco Aurélio, Horta, Francisco Campello, do Amaral Mello, and Caroline Cordeiro, Soares
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Genotype ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,Coinfection ,Genetic Variation ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Cabo Verde ,Prevalence ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,Viremia ,5' Untranslated Regions ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Human pegivirus 1 (HPgV-1) belongs to the genus Pegivirus, family Flaviviridae, and until now has been considered a non-pathogenic agent, despite being considered a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, a beneficial impact of HPgV-1 on HIV disease progression has been extensively reported. Given the high prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and the scarcity of epidemiological data for many countries of West Africa, we conducted the first study of HPgV-1 in HIV-infected individuals from Cabo Verde. To obtain new data regarding prevalence and genetic diversity of HPgV-1 in Africa, serum samples from 102 HIV-infected Cabo Verdeans were tested for the presence of viral RNA, and the circulating genotypes were identified by sequencing of the 5' untranslated region. HPgV-1 RNA was detected in 19.6% (20/102) of the samples. In 72.2% (13/18) of the samples, the virus was identified as genotype 2 (11/13 subtype 2a and 2/13 subtype 2b), and in 27.8% (5/18), it was identified as genotype 1. The estimated substitution rate of HPgV-1 genotype 2 was 5.76 × 10
- Published
- 2019
40. Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in Ghanaians co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)
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Adjoa Obo-Akwa, Margaret Lartey, Kwamena W. Sagoe, Ceejay L. Boyce, Awewura Kwara, Timothy N. Archampong, Jason T. Blackard, Ernest Kenu, and Kombo F. N’Guessan
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,Pegivirus ,GB virus C ,HIV Infections ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ghana ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Flaviviridae ,Medical microbiology ,Virology ,Genotype ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Hepatitis ,Hepatitis B virus ,biology ,Coinfection ,virus diseases ,RNA virus ,General Medicine ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Female - Abstract
Human pegivirus (HPgV) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the presence of multiple HPgV genotypes with distinct geographic locations. HPgV is of interest because of its potential beneficial impact on HIV disease progression. Despite this, the effects of HPgV in the context of other viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), are poorly understood, and data from resource-limited settings are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HPgV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. Sera from 100 HIV/HBV co-infected individuals were evaluated for HPgV RNA, and the genotype determined by sequencing the 5′ untranslated region. HPgV RNA was detected in 27 samples (27%). Of these, 26 were genotyped successfully with 23 belonging to HPgV genotype 1 and 3 belonging to HPgV genotype 2. The presence of HPgV RNA had no statistically significant impact on CD4 cell count or HBV DNA titers in the HIV/HBV co-infected patients. However, there was a trend towards decreased HBV DNA levels in HPgV RNA-positive patients with CD4 cell count
- Published
- 2018
41. Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland
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Andrzej Horban, Marta Popiel, Marek Radkowski, Marcin Paciorek, Małgorzata Rydzanicz, Agnieszka Pollak, Karol Perlejewski, Tomasz Laskus, Agnieszka Pawełczyk, Tomasz Dzieciątkowski, Kamila Caraballo Cortés, and Iwona Bukowska-Ośko
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Epidemiology ,Pegivirus ,encephalitis ,lcsh:Medicine ,GB virus C ,Virus ,Serology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,hepatitis ,viruses ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Human Pegivirus in Patients with Encephalitis of Unclear Etiology, Poland ,Phylogeny ,Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ,Hepatitis ,biology ,pegivirus ,lcsh:R ,Flaviviridae ,Autoantibody ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,human pegivirus ,Flaviviridae Infections ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,compartmentalization ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,Synopsis ,RNA, Viral ,Poland ,5' Untranslated Regions ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Sequence analysis of human pegivirus from 3 patients indicates that the central nervous system constitutes a separate viral compartment from serum., Human pegivirus (HPgV), previously called hepatitis G virus or GB virus C, is a lymphotropic virus with undefined pathology. Because many viruses from the family Flaviviridae, to which HPgV belongs, are neurotropic, we studied whether HPgV could infect the central nervous system. We tested serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 96 patients with a diagnosis of encephalitis for a variety of pathogens by molecular methods and serology; we also tested for autoantibodies against neuronal antigens. We found HPgV in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 3 patients who had encephalitis of unclear origin; that is, all the markers that had been tested were negative. Single-strand confirmation polymorphism and next-generation sequencing analysis revealed differences between the serum and cerebrospinal fluid–derived viral sequences, which is compatible with the presence of a separate HPgV compartment in the central nervous system. It is unclear whether HPgV was directly responsible for encephalitis in these patients.
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- 2018
42. No Hepatitis G virus co-infection in migrants with Hepatitis B or C hosted in Sardinia and Sicily
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Kathleen B. Schwarz, Salvatore Marescalco, Roberto Manetti, Roberto Antonucci, Grazia Galleri, Carlo Mauceri, Nicola Grandi, Angela Bitti, Maria Grazia Clemente, Margherita Arras, Andrea Piana, and Paolo Castiglia
- Subjects
Transients and Migrants ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,Hepatology ,Coinfection ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,GB virus C ,Flaviviridae Infections ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis C ,Virology ,Virus ,Hepatitis G ,Italy ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Sicily ,Co infection - Published
- 2021
43. Virus discovery in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
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L. van der Hoek, Luuk Wieske, G. G. A. van Lieverloo, I. N. van Schaik, Martin Deijs, Filip Eftimov, Graduate School, AII - Infectious diseases, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and EURO-NMD
- Subjects
Male ,viruses ,Immunology ,Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ,Guillain-Barre Syndrome ,VIDISCA ,Virus ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Next generation sequencing ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Human virome ,Aged ,Guillain-Barre syndrome ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Lumbar puncture ,Parvovirus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,GB virus C ,Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating ,Neurology ,Viruses ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Guillain Barré syndrome ,business - Abstract
The events triggering and/or sustaining the auto-immune response underlying chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are unknown. Similar to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a viral infection might play a role in CIDP. In this study, an virus detection method (VIDISCA-next generation sequencing) capable of detecting known and unknown viruses, was used to analyze the virome in serum of 47 CIDP patients at different time points of the disease and, when available, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (N: 17). Serum samples of GBS patients (N:24) and healthy controls (N:114) were used for comparisons. In 5/47 (10.6%; 95% CI: 4–23) CIDP samples, 10/24 (42%; 95% CI: 22–63) GBS samples and 32/114 (28.1%; 95% CI: 20–37) healthy controls samples, anelloviruses were detected, generally regarded as a non-pathogenic species. Parvovirus B19 and GB virus C were found in two CIDP samples (4%). Parvovirus B19, HIV-1 and GB virus C were found in three GBS samples (13%). In 2/17 CIDP CSF samples, an anellovirus and polyomavirus were detected, probably due to contamination during lumbar puncture. No sequences of other viruses were detected in serum or CSF. A (persistent) viral infection sustaining the auto-immune response in CIDP seems therefore unlikely.
- Published
- 2021
44. Next-generation sequencing for viruses in children with rapid-onset type 1 diabetes.
- Author
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Lee, H.-S., Briese, T., Winkler, C., Rewers, M., Bonifacio, E., Hyoty, H., Pflueger, M., Simell, O., She, J., Hagopian, W., Lernmark, Å., Akolkar, B., Krischer, J., and Ziegler, A.
- Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: Viruses are candidate causative agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes. We hypothesised that children with a rapid onset of type 1 diabetes may have been exposed to such agents shortly before the initiation of islet autoimmunity, possibly at high dose, and thus study of these children could help identify viruses involved in the development of autoimmune diabetes. Methods: We used next-generation sequencing to search for viruses in plasma samples and examined the history of infection and fever in children enrolled in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study who progressed to type 1 diabetes within 6 months from the appearance of islet autoimmunity, and in matched islet-autoantibody-negative controls. Results: Viruses were not detected more frequently in plasma from rapid-onset patients than in controls during the period surrounding seroconversion. In addition, infection histories were found to be similar between children with rapid-onset diabetes and control children, although episodes of fever were reported less frequently in children with rapid-onset diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation: These findings do not support the presence of viraemia around the time of seroconversion in young children with rapid-onset type 1 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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45. GB virus C infection in Indonesian HIV-positive patients.
- Author
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Anggorowati, Nungki, Yano, Yoshihiko, Subronto, Yanri Wijayanti, Utsumi, Takako, Heriyanto, Didik Setyo, Mulya, Deshinta Putri, Rinonce, Hanggoro Tri, Widasari, Dewiyani Indah, Lusida, Maria Inge, Soetjipto, , and Hayashi, Yoshitake
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,HEPATITIS C virus ,FLAVIVIRUSES ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,DISEASE prevalence ,VIRUS disease transmission - Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C), a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus (HCV), has been reported to confer beneficial outcomes in HIV-positive patients. However, the prevalence of GBV-C in HIV-positive individuals in Indonesia is unknown. Since GBV-C is more prevalent in anti-HCV positive patients than in anti-HCV negative subjects, transmission of GBV-C and HCV could be by the same method. This study examined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of GBV-C infection in HIV patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The prevalence of GBV-C among HIV patients ( n = 125, median age 31 years) based on the 5′UTR region was 111/125 (88.8%), including 39/48 (81.3%) and 72/77 (93.5%) HIV-infected patients with and without HCV infection, respectively. GBV-C isolates were of genotype 2a, 3 and 6 in 58.3%, 12.6% and 28.4% of patients, respectively. Patients with genotype 3 were significantly younger than those with genotypes 2a or 6 ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). Genotypes 3 and 6 were significantly associated with injection drug use ( P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively) and HCV co-infection ( P < 0.001 for both genotypes), indicating a shared transmission route with HCV. In conclusion, the prevalence of GBV-C among HIV-positive patients in Indonesia is high, and three genotypes were detected, namely genotype 2a, 3 and 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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46. Prevalence of GB virus type C viraemia in MSM with or without HIV-1 infection in Beijing, China.
- Author
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LIU, Z., LI, L., CHEN, Z., XU, M., ZHANG, T., JIAO, Y., SHENG, B., CHEN, D., and WU, H.
- Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C) is frequently identified in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) due to the similar transmission routes. However, it remains unclear how these two viruses interact with each other and how one virus affects the replication of the other in the human body. In this study, we performed a case-control study to determine whether GBV-C viraemia could prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection, and a cohort study to determine the prevalence, genotypic characteristics and incidence of GBV-C infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations in Beijing, China. The prevalence of GBV-C infection in HIV-1-negative subjects was similar to that in HIV-1-positive subjects. Before HIV-1 acquisition, the prevalence of GBV-C was 17·7%, which increased to 27·2% at the acute stage and to 34% at the chronic stage. Genotype 3 was the major genotype of GBV-C in both groups. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the CD4+ T-cell counts and GBV-C viral loads at the acute stage of HIV infection. At the chronic stage (12 months later), this correlation was no longer significant, although it was still positive. Overall, this study demonstrated that pre-existing GBV-C viraemia could not prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection and transmission of HIV-1 significantly increased the prevalence of GBV-C viraemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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47. Role of GB Virus C in HIV-1-Infected and Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hemophiliac Children and Adolescents.
- Author
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Tenckhoff, Solveig, Kaiser, Thorsten, Bredeek, Fritz, Donfield, Sharyne, Menius, Erika, Lail, Alice, Mössner, Joachim, Daar, Eric S., and Tillmann, Hans L.
- Abstract
GB Virus C (GBV-C) has been associated with a better prognosis of HIV-1 disease in adults. Little is known about prevalence and interaction between GBV-C, HIV-1, and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemophiliac children and adolescents.A well-characterized cohort of HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected hemophiliac children and adolescents followed in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS) were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect GBV-C RNA in samples from baseline and last follow-up visit.HIV-1-infected (n = 202) and HIV-1-uninfected (n = 119) patients had a low prevalence of GBV-C infection at baseline (0.9 and 0%), which increased at time of last follow-up visit to 25.2% and 26.3%, respectively. In addition, at the time of the follow-up GBV-C measurement, those GBV-C infected had been followed longer and had higher CD4+ cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads than those GBV-C uninfected. These beneficial effects of GBV-C were no longer significant after controlling for CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA at baseline. HCV RNA clearance was more common amongst those who were not GBV-C infected than those who became GBV-C viremic.This study confirms a positive association of GBV-C with milder course of HIV-1 infection. GBV-C infection was associated with a higher likelihood of persistent HCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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48. Synthetic peptides derived from an N-terminal domain of the E2 protein of GB virus C in the study of GBV-C/HIV-1 co-infection.
- Author
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Fernández, Leticia, Chan, Weng C., Egido, Meritxell, Gómara, María J., and Haro, Isabel
- Abstract
Synthetic peptides derived from GB virus C (GBV-C) have previously been studied in our group for the development of new systems capable of diagnosing diseases caused by this humanotropic virus. We also recently described specific peptide domains of the E2 envelop protein of GBV-C that have the capacity to interfere with the HIV-1 fusion peptide, produce a notable decrease in cellular membrane fusion, and perturb HIV-1 infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. The present work discloses the design and synthesis of both linear and cyclic branched peptides based on a previously reported N-terminal sequence of the GBV-C E2 protein. Immunoassays and cell-cell fusion assays were performed to evaluate their diagnostic value to detect anti-GBV-C antibodies in HIV-1 patients, as well as their putative anti-HIV-1 activity as entry inhibitors. Our results showed that chemical modifications of the selected E2(7-26) linear peptide to afford cyclic architecture do not result in an enhanced inhibition of gp41 HIV-1-mediated cell-cell fusion nor improved sensitivity in the detection of GBV-C antibodies in HIV-1 co-infected patients. Thus, the ELISA data reinforce the potential utility of linear versions of the E2(7-26) region for the development of new peptide-based immunosensor devices for the detection of anti-GBV-C antibodies in HIV-1 co-infected patients. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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49. The Effect of GBV-C Infection on CD4 Count and Viral Loads in Patients Infected With HIV.
- Author
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Keyvani, Hossein, Mohammadi, Avid, Ghannad, Masoud Sabouri, and Hajab-dolbaghi, Mahboobeh
- Subjects
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RNA analysis , *HIV infection epidemiology , *CHI-squared test , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *HEPATITIS C , *PROBABILITY theory , *STATISTICS , *U-statistics , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *COMORBIDITY , *DATA analysis , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CD4 lymphocyte count - Abstract
Background: The picture that has emerged from studies investigating HIV infected people with GBV-C viremia is that they have lower plasma HIV viral loads in comparison with HIV-positive people who did not have the GBV-C viremia. Objectives: Since GBV-C HIV coinfection has not been studied in Iran, we have designed a survey to study the outcomes of GBV-C infection on HIV infected individuals. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 78 serum samples from HIV-positive patients in Tehran. The HIV positive statue was confirmed by Western blot in our laboratory. Next we detected GBV-C RNA by RT nested-PCR and divided our patient into GBV-C positive and GBV-C negative groups. The final step was measuring the CD4 count and HIV viral load and comparing the means of the CD4 count and HIV viral load in HIV-infected individuals in the GBV-C positive and GBV-C negative groups. Results: We detected GBV-C RNA in 15 patients out of 78. The mean CD4 count was 607.13 compared to 415.87 in the GBV-C negative group and the difference was significant (P = 0.005). In contrast to the CD4 count there was no significant difference in HIV viral loads between HIV infected individuals in the GBV-C positive and GBV-C negative groups. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in the mean of the HIV viral load between the GBV-C positive and GBV-C negative groups, the significantly higher CD4 mean in the GBV-C positive group compared with the GBV-C negative group suggests a beneficial effect of this coinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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50. Diagnostic Value of Anti-GBV-C Antibodies in HIV-Infected Patients.
- Author
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Gómara, Maria J., Fernández, Leticia, P#x00E9;rez, Teresa, Tenckhoff, Solveig, Casanovas, Aurora, Tillmann, Hans L., and Haro, Isabel
- Subjects
- *
HIV-positive persons , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *ALANINE aminotransferase , *ASPARTATE aminotransferase , *HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy - Abstract
The beneficial effect of co-infection by GB virus C (GBV-C) in the course of the disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has been described, although its mechanism of action is yet to be determined. The role of anti-GBV-C antibodies in HIV-infected patients also remains unknown. At present, there are no commercial systems to detect specific markers of GBV-C infection. The research presented follows our previous work from which we obtained chimeric molecules formed by two domains of different GBV-C proteins with good sensitivity ⁄ specificity balances in the detection of anti-GBV C antibodies in hemodialyzed and chronic hepatitis patient samples. It has been investigated the ability of the synthetic peptides to recognize specific anti-GBVC antibodies in HIV and HCV⁄ HIV co-infected patients by a peptide-based ELISA immunoassay. The results showed that human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients have a significantly higher frequency of anti-GBV-C antibodies than healthy controls. A comparison between HCV+ ⁄ HIV+ and HCV) ⁄ HIV+ was analyzed. Although a higher percentage of HCV⁄ HIV-positive sera were positive for antibodies against GBV-C peptides, the difference was not significant. The presence of anti- GBV-C antibodies could represent a good marker of exposure to GBV-C in HIV infected patients to facilitate a further analysis of the effect of this exposure in the progression of illness caused by HIV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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