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It is expected that fusion energy development, which is at a critical stage of breaking through energy break-even in the engineering sense, has the potential to reshape the future pattern of energy development with both opportunities and challenges. This study reviews the main progress of fusion energy research and summarizes the major challenges regarding energy balance, tritium selfsustainability, high availability, development of irradiation-resistant materials, and economical efficiency in general sense. On the basis of sorting out the common basic technology breakthroughs of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program and the supporting research activities of its member states, the study summarizes the progress of China’s magnetic confinement fusion research in terms of overall planning, self-developed projects, and technical tracking. Furthermore, focusing on the Z-pinch-driven fusion-fission hybrid reactor (Z-FFR) concept, which is independently proposed by China, this study elaborates on the basic principles, application advantages, and series of progresses, and proposes a development plan toward commercial energy supply by 2040, covering the task objectives in the stages of key technology campaign, engineering demonstration, and promotion of commercial power generation. To comprehensively promote China’s fusion energy development, several suggestions are given. In the magnetic confinement fusion area, it is suggest that China deeply participate in the ITER program and relevant international cooperation, overcome key physics and engineering technologies of commercial fusion reactors, promote the research and development of key components of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) device, and construct and operate CFETR in due course. In the Z-FFR area, it is of first priority to start the construction of electromagnetic-driven large-scale scientific devices the soonest possible, develop key technologies for fusion energy, and promote both engineering demonstrations and commercial projects in proper time.

In hypertrophic scars, the differentiation and migration of fibroblasts are influenced by the extracellular matrix microenvironment, which includes factors such as stiffness, restraint, and tensile force. These mechanical stresses incite alterations in cell behavior, accompanied by cytoskeletal protein reorganization. However, the role of nucleo-skeletal proteins in this context remains underexplored. In this study, we use a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAA) to simulate the mechanical stress experienced by cells in scar tissue and investigate the impact of Emerin on cell behavior. We utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) and RNA interference technology to analyze cell differentiation, migration, and stiffness. Our findings reveal that rigid substrates and cellular restriction elevate Emerin expression and diminish differentiation. Conversely, reducing Emerin expression leads to attenuated cell differentiation, where stiffness and constraining factors exert no notable influence. Furthermore, a softening of cells and an enhanced migration rate are also markedly observed. These observations indicate that variations in nuclear skeletal proteins, prompted by diverse matrix microenvironments, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars (HSs). This research offers novel insights and a reference point for understanding scar fibrosis formation mechanisms and preventing fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo identify the key issues in emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region, and to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies.MethodLiterature on emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region was systematically reviewed and collected, and 18 main problems were identified after collecting and organizing the problems. A questionnaire survey and cluster analysis were used to identify the key issues.ResultsThe study of 18 major problems revealed that "insufficient reserve of emergency medical supplies", "insufficient financial investment to meet the needs of emergency response", "lack of a sound mechanism for the deployment of supplies, resulting in the untimely deployment of materials", were the key issues of emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region.ConclusionFuture development of the emergency response system in the Yangtze River Delta region should focus on accelerating the integration process of the Yangtze River Delta, establishing and improving information systems, optimizing the material storage and deployment network, prioritizing the fund investment and utilization mechanism, and improving the effectiveness of public health emergency response.

ObjectiveTo identify and clarify the key issues faced by tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies.MethodsA literature review index system was constructed, and key issues were identified using hierarchical analysis.ResultsAfter a systematic literature review, 20 types of problems faced by tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies were identified. Three key issues were ultimately identified by prioritizing the issues that needed to be addressed.ConclusionThe key issues of tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies are concentrated in the areas of emergency response capabilities and competencies of medical staff, the number of emergency response personnel, and the standardization and specificity of training and drills. Tertiary hospitals should focus on these issues in developing public health emergency response systems to improve the effectiveness of their emergency response.

Background The existing family doctor team performance appraisal system is lack of incentive effect, which has hindered the quality development of contracted family doctor services. However, the performance appraisal system based on family doctor teams includes two processes of "primary distribution" and "secondary distribution", which is more capable of mobilizing the work motivation of the family doctor team members. At present, there is a lack of performance evaluation indicator systems for family doctor assistants and public health physicians, although these two groups of people play an important role in the family doctor team. Objective To construct "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contracted service fee, with regard to the roles of family doctor assistants and public health physicians. Methods The draft of the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance was preliminarily formulated through literature analysis and semi-structured interview. On the basis of the draft, an expert consultation questionnaire was designed, and two rounds of expert consultation were implemented and completed from October 2021 to April 2022 to develop the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family doctor team performance based on contracted service fee was established. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100.0%. For the secondary distribution system of family doctor assistants and public health physicians, the authority coefficient for the first round of correspondence was 0.742 2 and 0.742 0, respectively. Finally, the "secondary distribution" indicator system of family physician assistants, including 3 first-level and 10 second-level indicators, and the "secondary distribution" indicator system of public health physicians, including 3 first-level and 13 second-level indicators, were constructed. Conclusion The final "secondary distribution" indicator system of family physician assistants with 3 primary indicators and 10 secondary indicators and "secondary distribution" indicator system of public health physicians with 3 primary indicators and 13 secondary indicators is logical and scientific to a certain extent, reflecting the labor value of family doctor assistants and public health doctors in the family doctor team in providing contracted services, which is conducive to the special incentive function of contracted service fee and needs to be optimized and improved in the actual assessment in the future.

The L-band digital aeronautical communication system (LDACS) is one of the essential infrastructures for future aviation broadband communication. To address the problem of interference from adjacent high-power distance measuring equipment (DME) signals, a joint orthogonal projection interference suppression and single-snapshot sparse decomposition direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed. Firstly, the DME interference is suppressed by using the subspace projection, and then a pseudo-covariance matrix is constructed by using single-snapshot data. High-order power of the pseudo-covariance matrix is calculated, followed by singular value decomposition and sparse solution obtained using constraints to estimate the desired target. The proposed method in this paper reduces the impact of noise by utilizing high-order pseudo-covariance matrix, enabling accurate estimation of the DOA of OFDM signals with only a single snapshot. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy by using ISS-HOP-L1-SVD algorithm is better than that via ISS-HOP-MUSIC algorithm. This method can effectively suppress DME interference and improve the performance of the OFDM receiver.

The large deuterium/tritium target is the key component to achieve high yield and high current neutron source, which is the precondition for the wide application of deuterium/tritium neutron source. At present, there are mature deuterium/tritium titanium targets in scientific or engineering applications abroad, and the neutron yield generally reaches the level of 1013/s. However, the technology of large-area target film in China is immature. The scientific and industrial application of large-area target film is rarely reported. The main problem is that the deuterium/tritium target can not reach the high yield, and the large area of the target film prepared is uneven, the binding force is poor and easy to fall off. In this paper, in order to solve the above mentioned problems and optimize the performance of the target film, magnetron sputtering coating and multi-arc ion plating were combined to prepare large-area titanium films with copper or molybdenum substrate and diameter greater than φ500 mm. At the same time, the feasibility of erbium film, scandium film and zirconium film preparation was explored by preparing large area deuterium-titanium or tritium-titanium targets with high binding force and high deuterium-tritium-titanium ratio. Deuterium and tritium targets with deuterium/tritium titanium ratio greater than 1.85 are produced by using self-developed deuterium/tritium target production system after degassing, purification, high temperature deuterium absorption, tail gas recovery and other processes. In order to better utilize the functions of each film layer, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the cross-section of the film layer in the experiment. The results show that the clear interface is observed among the base layer, transition layer, and functional layer. The prepared titanium film was tested for neutron yield using a deuterium ion accelerator, and the effects of deuterium ion beam current and anode voltage on neutron yield were analyzed. The experiment shows that with the increase of deuterium beam current, neutron yield shows a linear increase in the range of 700 μA. The effect of anode acceleration voltage on neutron yield increases exponentially in a quadratic relationship. The neutron yield of the developed deuterium target is more than 8.0×108/s, and the neutron yield of the tritium target is estimated according to the reaction section of the deuterium target and the tritium target. Under the same conditions, the neutron yield of the tritium target is more than 1.0×1011/s. The test results show that the developed φ500 mm large area deuterium/tritium target can achieve the high-yield neutron output of the high-current neutron source, reaching the highest neutron flux of 1013/s in the world.

In this article, we study the existence of mild solutions and the approximate controllability for a class of stochastic elastic systems with structural damping and infinite delay in Hilbert spaces. The estimation of the control function is discussed, where the expression of the control function is constructed by the defined resolvent operator. Under this estimate, the existence of mild solutions for this system is obtained by the Schauder fixed point theorem and the stochastic analysis theory, and sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability are formulated and proved by using the so-called resolvent operator type condition. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the applicability of our conclusion.

Abstract Background Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been linked to numerous diseases, including cancer. The unique role of gut microbiota in urological tumors is gaining prominence. However, it is still controversial whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota should be one of the etiological factors of bladder cancer (BCa), prostate cancer (PCa) or kidney cancer (KCa). Materials and methods The microbiome genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the MiBioGen consortium (18,340 samples of 24 population-based cohorts) was utilized as the exposure data. Additionally, outcomes data (951 BCa cases and 307,092 controls; 1,631 KCa cases and 238,678 controls; 79,148 PCa cases and 61,106 controls) were extracted from the GWAS of the FinnGen and PRACTICAL consortia. To detect the potential causative bacterial traits for BCa, PCa, and KCa, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed, employing the inverse-variance weighted or Wald ratio method. Sensitivity analyses were subsequently conducted to explore the robustness of the primary results. Finally, the reverse MR analysis was undertaken to mitigate the reverse causation. Results This study suggested that Bifidobacterium (p = 0.030), Actinobacteria (p = 0.037 for phylum, 0.041 for class), and Ruminococcustorques group (p = 0.018), exhibited an association with an increased risk of BCa using either the inverse-variance weighted or Wald ratio method. By utilizing the Wald ratio method, Allisonella (p = 0.004, p = 0.038) was associated with a decreased risk of BCa and PCa, respectively. Furthermore, Ruminococcustorques group (p = 0.028) and Erysipelatoclostridium (p = 0.048) were causally linked to an elevated risk of KCa. Conclusions This MR study supports that genetically predicted gut microbiota is causally related to BCa, PCa and KCa. Additionally, distinct bacterial traits are identified in relation to each tumor type.

It is of great significance to establish a cylindrical gear bending fatigue life prediction model with a wide range of applications and easy calculation. Through the gear bending fatigue test combined with the simulation results of the finite element model, the energy accumulation curve at the root of the tooth under different stress amplitudes is calculated. On the basis of the energy accumulation curve, the fracture cumulative energy curve under different stress amplitudes is obtained, and a cylindrical gear bending fatigue life prediction model is proposed based on the Palmgren-Miner linear cumulative damage theory and the above curve. Combined with the test results of gear bending fatigue tests under different stress amplitudes, the test results are all within the ± 3 life factor scatter bands, which proves that the model can accurately predict the gear bending fatigue life.

Under the context of dual carbon strategic development goal, the petroleum and petrochemical industry is confronting with rigorous challenge from carbon reduction. Especially for the oil & gas exploration with large energy consumption in China, it is of practical importance to study the relation of the development of oil & gas exploitation with carbon emissions and its influencing factors.Herein, a combination of Kaya identity and generalized divisia index method(GDIM) was adopted to decompose various driving factors affecting carbon emissions in the oil & gas exploration industry. Then, the Tapio decoupling index model was established to analyze the decoupling effect of key factors influencing carbon emissions. Besides, the new model was used to analyze the carbon emissions in the oil & gas exploration industry in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020. On this basis, it is concluded that the investment scale, output scale and energy consumption scale of China's oil and gas exploitation industry are highly positively correlated with carbon emissions, with respective contribution of 61.24%, 20.79% and 17.97% to the emissions. Meanwhile, the investment carbon intensity and output carbon intensity have a strong inhibitory effect on carbon emissions of oil & gas exploitation system, with respective contribution of -58.95% and -20.89% to carbon emission reduction. Moreover, the carbon emissions show the decoupling effect from the investment scale and output scale in most years, but it is still an expansionary negative decoupling at present. Under the new strategy pursuing for energy security, the oil & gas industry is seeking for the increase in reserves and production. Hence, the emphasis on innovation, energy saving and consumption reduction,the optimization of energy consumption structure and the integration of oil & gas and new energy are the most realistic and effective ways to achieve carbon emission reduction in the industry.

ObjectiveTo provide basic data for modification of laboratory testing for outbreaks caused by Clostridium perfringens （C. perfringens）， a diarrhea outbreak that may have been caused by polyclonal infection of C. perfringens was analyzed.MethodsAnal swab samples of 4 patients with diarrhea were collected. cpa and cpe genes and C. perfringens in original swab samples and enriched samples were detected via real time PCR. Toxin gene test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） were performed for some C. perfringens isolates.Resultscpa and cpe genes were positive in samples of 4 patients. One cpe+ isolate was obtained from 18 isolates of C. perfringens from patient 1， and the composition ratio was 5.56% （1/18）. One cpe+ isolate was obtained from 6 isolates of C. perfringens in patient 2， and the composition ratio was 16.7% （1/6）. No cpe+ isolate was obtained from patient 3， and C. perfringens was not isolated from patient 4. Two types （A type and C type） and 5 PFGE patterns were identified in 11 isolates of C. perfringens. Two cpe+ isolates from patient 1 and patient 2 had identical PFGE patterns.ConclusionThis outbreak might have been caused by C. perfringens. Considering the delays caused by the implementation of diagnostic standards， comprehensive use of laboratory detection methods can improve the response time of outbreak analysis.

ObjectiveTo provide reference data for the prevention， control， and treatment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection， the dominant band type of pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）， drug resistance， and virulence gene present in V. parahaemolyticus detected during foodborne disease surveillance cases in Tongzhou district， Beijing， from 2015 to 2021 was investigated.MethodsV. parahaemolyticus was isolated and cultured from stool samples of outpatient diarrhea cases in designated monitoring hospitals in Tongzhou district from 2015 to 2021. Serotyping， virulence gene detection， PFGE cluster analysis， and drug sensitivity tests were performed.ResultsThe detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus in 2 828 fecal samples was 3.54%， and the peak months of detection were from July to September every year. A statistically significant difference in the detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus in different years （χ2=53.94， P

Under the "dual carbon" background, the development of high-performance energy and environmental catalysis materials is of great significance for promoting energy clean transformation and environmental pollution control. The traditional research and development mode of catalysts mainly relies on experimental and trial-and-error methods, which to a large extent cannot meet the research and development needs of efficient catalysts in emerging energy and environmental fields. The rapid development of data science technologies such as machine learning is expected to bring about a paradigm shift in catalyst research and development. By using machine learning methods to quickly screen high-performance energy and environmental catalysis materials using experimental or computational data, the limitations of traditional trial-and-error methods could be overcome, and the problem of low efficiency and high cost in catalyst research and development could be solved. This article reviewed the main processes and research progress of machine learning methods in the development of energy and environmental catalysis materials from the perspective of active-sites prediction,catalysts screening, morphology design and reaction mechanism revelation, and the ML methods construction corresponding to various training data acquisition and their applications in the catalytic research. We also discussed the future direction of this method in the catalysis field, in order to provide perspective and promote its application in the energy and environmental fields.

Improving the accuracy and stability of players’ stroke speed and stroke landing point and maximizing the energy conversion have become important tasks in table tennis skill practice. This paper analyzes the forces during ball collision and the energy conversion law of its motion state and proposes to measure and identify the key mechanical parameters of table tennis motion from the aspects of batting speed, rotation, and batting angle. The 3D coordinates of the ball are reconstructed, and the parameters are measured in the translational and rotational states of the ball, respectively. The UKF state estimator is used to construct the system process equations of the table tennis ball motion model, and the mathematical expressions are further derived to obtain the kinematic-based post-collision trajectory prediction model of the table tennis ball. The accuracy of the model in predicting the trajectory of the table tennis ball movement is evaluated by the distribution of the error points of the collision points of the table tennis ball, and it is known through experiments that the range of the error of the collision point prediction of the table tennis ball by the method used in this paper is in the range of (x±0.05, y±0.05) m, which is smaller than that estimated by the traditional table tennis ball physical model, and the model’s prediction accuracy is good. After analyzing the motion trajectories with different angular velocities, drag coefficients, initial velocities, and exit angles, the optimal hitting speed of a curved circle ball is obtained as V=15m/s.

Abstract As a rare and highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, the new immunophenotype, atypical FISH pattern and relevant molecular cytogenetics of synovial sarcoma (SS) remain less known, although it is characteristically represented by a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (X; 18) (p11.2; q11.2). Methodologically, the morphology was retrospectively analysed by using H&E staining, and immunohistochemical features were investigated by using markers that have been recently applied in other soft tissue tumors. Moreover, FISH signals for SS18 and EWSR-1 break-apart probes were examined. Finally, cytogenetic characteristics were analysed via RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Consequently, nine out of thirteen cases that were histologically highly suspected as SS were finally identified as SS via molecular analysis. Histologically, nine SS cases were divided into monophasic fibrous SS (4/9), biphasic SS (4/9) and poorly differentiated SS (1/9). Immunohistochemically, SOX-2 immunostaining was positive in eight cases (8/9) and PAX-7 immunostaining was diffusely positive in the epithelial component of biphasic SS (4/4). Nine cases showed negative immunostaining for NKX3.1 and reduced or absent immunostaining for INI-1. Eight cases showed typically positive FISH signalling for the SS18 break-apart probe, whereas one case exhibited an atypical FISH pattern (complete loss of green signalling, case 2). Furthermore, the SS18-SSX1 and SS18-SSX2 fusion genes were identified in seven cases and two cases, respectively. The fusion site in 8 out of 9 cases was common in the literature, whereas the fusion site in case 2 was involved in exon 10 codon 404 in SS18 and exon 7 codon 119 in SSX1 (which has not been previously reported), which notably corresponded to the complete loss of green signalling in the FISH pattern. Additionally, FISH analysis of the EWSR-1 gene in nine SS cases demonstrated aberrant signalling in three cases that were recognized as a monoallelic loss of EWSR-1 (1/9), an amplification of EWSR-1 (1/9) and a translocation of EWSR-1 (1/9). In conclusion, SS18-SSX fusion gene sequencing is obligatory for a precise diagnosis of SS when dealing with a confusing immunophenotype and atypical or aberrant FISH signalling for SS18 and EWSR-1 detection.

BackgroundENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. (ENN Fusion Technology R&D Center) is upgrading its compact fusion research facility EXL-50 to EXL-50U. Both devices are the conventional conductor tokamak, on which the magnet power supply system is composed by 1 TF (Toroidal Field) power supply, 1 CS (Center Solenoid) power supply and 10 PF (Poloidal Field) power supplies PF1-10. All 12 sets of power supply system are powered by 2 AC pulse generators and output DC current through thyristor-based converters.PurposeThis study aims to design EXL-50U magnet power supply for satisfying high parameter requirements of EXL-50U.MethodsPower supply capacity was the first concern for upgrading and the corresponding protection strategies under high parameter conditions was taken into account as well. The configuration of AC pulse generator was introduced at the beginning. Then transformers and converters were listed and designed in scheme. Control system and protection process were implemented respectively, followed by detail power supply system illustration and commissioning waveforms display for each power supply.ResultsThe reliability and controllability of developed power supply system are verified by the waveforms that forms plasma current under the condition of CS breakdown.ConclusionIt is proved that this power supply system can work stably, and output waveforms can be repeated no matter it works alone or under complex condition of joint debugging.

The Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a well-known model system and is often used to study synapse development. Here, we show synaptic degeneration at NMJ boutons, primarily based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. When degeneration starts, the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) swells, retracts and folds inward, and the residual SSR then degenerates into a disordered, thin or linear membrane. The axon terminal begins to degenerate from the central region, and the T-bar detaches from the presynaptic membrane with clustered synaptic vesicles to accelerate large-scale degeneration. There are two degeneration modes for clear synaptic vesicles. In the first mode, synaptic vesicles without actin filaments degenerate on the membrane with ultrafine spots and collapse and disperse to form an irregular profile with dark ultrafine particles. In the second mode, clear synaptic vesicles with actin filaments degenerate into dense synaptic vesicles, form irregular dark clumps without a membrane, and collapse and disperse to form an irregular profile with dark ultrafine particles. Last, all residual membranes in NMJ boutons degenerate into a linear shape, and all the residual elements in axon terminals degenerate and eventually form a cluster of dark ultrafine particles. Swelling and retraction of the SSR occurs prior to degradation of the axon terminal, which degenerates faster and with more intensity than the SSR. NMJ bouton degeneration occurs under normal physiological conditions but is accelerated in Drosophila neurexin (dnrx) dnrx273, Drosophila neuroligin (dnlg) dnlg1 and dnlg4 mutants and dnrx83;dnlg3 and dnlg2;dnlg3 double mutants, which suggests that both neurexin and neuroligins play a vital role in preventing synaptic degeneration.

The disease burden caused by chronic non-communicable diseases continues to grow, with profound implications for public health and socio-economic development. The traditional health management of chronic diseases lacks diagnostic criteria and reasonable intervention time, and the bottleneck of the lack of residents' initiative is increasingly prominent. The construction of proactive health index (PHI) is expected to be an effective means to improve the health management of chronic diseases. As the world enters a critical period of digital transformation, China's health strategy has made clear that technological innovation and information technology should play a leading role in maintaining people's health, and digital health brings strategic opportunities for the development of chronic disease health management. In the context of the development of digital chronic disease prevention and control, this study analyzes the main bottlenecks existing in China's chronic disease health management, clarifies the importance of establishing diagnostic criteria for chronic disease health management, proposes the concept of PHI, and introduces the construction of PHI to solve the key problems of chronic disease health management. The application scenarios of PHI are deployed and prospected from the government side, the family physician side and the public side, in order to provide ideas for improving residents' health management initiative and enhancing the effectiveness of chronic disease health management.

Abstract Objective A multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) model was used to evaluate the benefits and risks of traditional Chinese medicine preparations of sinomenine alone or in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide a basis for the rational clinical application of sinomenine. Methods A study search was performed using six major databases, and Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. Then, an MCDA model evaluation system was established for the treatment of RA with sinomenine preparations, and the benefit values, risk values, and total benefit-risk values of sinomenine preparations alone or in combination with conventional drugs were calculated using Hiview 3.2 software. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed using Crystal Ball embedded in Excel software to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and the probability of the differences between the 2 drug regimens was determined to optimize the evaluation results. Results Forty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Quantitative assessment of the MCDA model showed that the sinomenine preparation alone offered less benefits than when combined with conventional drugs with a benefit difference of 20 (95% CI 3.06, 35.71). However, the risk of the combination was significantly lower with a risk difference of 13(95% CI -10.26, 27.52). The total value of the benefit-risk of sinomenine alone and in combination with conventional drugs was 46 and 53 at 60% and 40% of the benefit-risk ratio of the two dosing regimens, respectively, with a difference of 7 (95% CI -4.26, 22.12). The probability that the comprehensive score of the combined regimen is greater than that of sinomenine alone is 90.1%, and the evaluation was steady. Conclusion The benefit-risk of the combined application regimen of sinomenine is greater than that of sinomenine alone.

In order to establish a typical terminal multi-energy complementary system and know the characteristics of different optimal configurations and influence factors of its performance under different optimization objectives, this paper proposed a terminal multi-energy complementary system that integrates solar energy, wind energy and natural gas. The energy flow characteristics were analyzed based on the bus-bar structure, and an integrated optimization model for the design and operation of the system was established accordingly. Furthermore, the effects of optimization objectives and energy prices on the optimal configuration and performance of the system were studied, and the applicable scenarios of typical equipment such as micro-gas turbine, internal combustion engine and absorption chiller were illustrated, as well as the promoting effects of flexible power supply and energy storage device on the consumption of photovoltaic and wind power. The relationship between annual CO2 emission reduction ratio and fossil fuel saving ratio of the system is consistent, and that between annual cost saving ratio and CO2 emission reduction ratio is contrary under current technical and economic conditions. The most suitable natural gas price to ensure the applicable downward pressure exists and the effect of peak-valley difference of electricity price on system performance is clarified. The results can provide reference for system integration optimization design and energy price policy formulation.

The crack identification and extraction is the basis of understanding the evolution law of surrounding rock cracks. The existing methods for extracting stressed rock cracks based on visible light photos are poor in extracting the cracks of complex rocks (such as granite) composed of polychromatic minerals. In order to solve the problem, a method for extracting stressed rock cracks based on light reflectivity mutation is proposed. The method comprises four key steps of light reflectivity calculation, light reflectivity mutation point identification, light reflectivity mutation point space heterogeneity analysis and crack information extraction. The spatial differentiation of the mutation points of light reflectivity caused by crack growth is the key characteristic of crack identification. Therefore, the index-differentiation coefficient C, which reflects the concentration degree of spatial point distribution, is introduced. It is used to judge whether there is a crack in the digital image according to the spatial differentiation of the mutation points of light reflectivity. After the crack in the digital photo is judged, on one hand, the instantaneous information of the crack activity is reflected through the change speed of the light reflectivity, so as to study when and where cracks occur or expand in the specimen. On the other hand, the cumulative information of crack activity is extracted to analyze the development, propagation and penetration degree of rock surface cracks over a period of time. The experimental result shows that: ① The development and propagation of stress cracks in rock can cause the mutation of light reflectivity. The mutation speed can reach 0.2/s, which is much larger than the change speed (0.03/s) caused by other random factors. ② At the crack active time, the mutation point of light reflectance shows significant spatial differentiation (C value can reach 189), and the differentiation coefficient is much larger than that in random distribution (C value is 1). ③ The proposed method can extract the instantaneous information and cumulative information of crack activity. Finally, the reason for the change of light reflectivity during rock crack, the significance of rock mechanics of the proposed method and its application prospect in roadway safety inspection are discussed.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent senescence-related disease with substantial joint pain, loss of joint function, and cartilage degeneration. Because of the paucity of single-cell studies of OA and the gene dropout problem of single-cell RNA sequencing, it is difficult to acquire an in-depth understanding of the molecular characteristics of various chondrocyte clusters.MethodsHere, we aimed to provide new insights into chondrocyte senescence and a rationale for the development of effective intervention strategies for OA by using published single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets and the metaVIPER algorithm (Virtual Inference of Protein activity by Enriched Regulon). This algorithm was employed to present a proteome catalog of 62,449 chondrocytes from the cartilage of healthy individuals and OA patients at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, histopathologic analysis was carried out in cartilage samples from clinical patients and experimental mouse models of OA to validate above results.ResultsWe identified 16 protein-activity-based chondrocyte clusters as well as the underlying master regulators in each cluster. By assessing the enrichment score of each cluster in bulk RNA-sequencing data, followed by gene-set variation analysis, we preliminarily identified a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes (cluster 3). This clinically relevant cluster was predicted to be the main chondrocyte cluster responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis and anti-senescence. Specifically, we uncovered a set of the key leading-edge proteins of cluster 3 by validating the robustness of the above results using another human chondrocyte single-cell RNA-sequencing data set, consisting of 24,675 chondrocytes. Furthermore, cartilage samples from clinical patients and experimental mouse models of OA were used to evaluate the expression patterns of these leading-edge proteins, and the results indicated that NDRG2, TSPYL2, JMJD6 and HMGB2 are closely associated with OA pathogenesis and might play critical roles in modulating cellular homeostasis and anti-senescence in chondrocytes.ConclusionOur study revealed a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes that are critical for anti-progression of OA and the corresponding master regulator proteins, which might serve as therapeutic targets in OA.

In view of the effect of random uncertain factors such as the material properties of the turning shaft and different load conditions on its performance, and reduce its weight to improve fuel economy.Through the finite element modeling of the dump truck, the load analysis of the turning shaft is carried out according to the limit force under the actual working conditions, the first-order second moment method is used for reliability analysis, and the reliability index is used to reflect the influence of uncertain factors. The stiffness and dynamic characteristic values under static multi-conditions are set as objective functions, and the volume fraction and reliability index are used as constraints. A comprehensive objective function is established based on the normalized sub-objectives of the compromise programming method, the weight coefficients of the sub-objectives are determined by the analytic hierarchy process, and the multi-objective topology optimization design based on reliability constraints is carried out on the flip-axis structure. The results show that, compared with the deterministic topology optimization, the stiffness of the turning axis and the natural frequencies of each order obtained by the reliability topology optimization are more significantly improved, and the mass is reduced by 28.96% under the condition of satisfying the reliability. The experimental test and theoretical analysis results are basically consistent, verifying the feasibility of multi-objective reliability topology optimization design.

To ensure the safe operation of mechanical transmission equipment, it is necessary to predict gears′ fatigue life accurately. Based on the cumulative damage theory and the flexural fatigue test results under two-stage loads, the relationship between the ratio of two-stage stress amplitudes and the bending fatigue damage is established in this paper. The relationship is used to improve the original model. The improved bending fatigue life prediction model can accurately predict the bending fatigue life of gears. Compared with the bending fatigue test results under multi-stage loading under various modes, the prediction result has a small deviation from the average test life.

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (parts of Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (parts of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong), northern (parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (parts of Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). Spring is the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC=0.8634). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and veterinary services can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

C27H31N3O9Co, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.9230(6) Å, b = 11.1166(8) Å, c = 22.8312(15) Å, β = 93.404(6)°, V = 2767.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0349, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0893, T = 200 K.

This study examines depressive symptoms faced by non-native international medical students studying in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The targeted population for this cross-sectional study included non-native medical students studying in Chinese universities. This study used convenience sampling. An online, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to international medical students studying in Chinese universities from February 2020 to June 2021. The questionnaire collected demographic data, information regarding struggles faced, and used the CES-D-10 Likert scale to assess both the challenges and depression symptoms, respectively. By analyzing the 1,207 students’ responses, the study found that students with poor Chinese language were two times more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (OR = 2.67; value of p 0.00). Moreover, female students were found more prone (76.35%) than their male counterparts (44.96%). The study found that food adaptability, health issues, accommodation issues, and financial issues were related factors contributing to depressive symptoms among non-native international medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study tried to highlight the factors that resulted in depressive symptoms among non-native international medical students, and the findings may help diplomatic representatives take necessary actions to help their citizens during this difficult time.

ObjectiveIn this study, an animal model of granulomatous lobular mastitis was constructed using human granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and a suspension of complete Freund's adjuvant.MethodsTwenty-five rats with a history of maternity were randomly divided into five groups with five rats each: a blank control group, Freund's adjuvant group, normal mammary homogenate group, low-dose lesion homogenate group, and high-dose lesion homogenate group. In the lesion homogenization groups, rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant homogenate prepared from granulomatous mastitis patient tissues, and the third and fourth pair of mammary gland injections were administered to the rats at 0.2 mL in the high-dose group and 0.1 mL in the low-dose group. The normal mammary gland homogenate group was injected with normal mammary gland tissue homogenate from patients with granulomatous mastitis. The blank control group was injected with saline. The Freund's adjuvant group was injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. The histomorphological and pathophysiological characteristics of the mammary tissues were observed for 14 days after the completion of modeling, and the effects of the granulomatous lobular mastitis model were compared.ResultsThe morphological changes and physiopathological characteristics of granulomatous lobular mastitis in the high- and low-dose groups were significantly different when compared with the blank control, Freund's adjuvant, and normal breast homogenate groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionHuman granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and suspensions of complete Freund's adjuvant for granulomatous lobular mastitis can successfully establish an animal model of the disease and lead to insights and new ideas for the etiology of the disease.

Using genetic strategies and viral-based directional tracers, we investigated the topological location and output networks of claustrum (CLA) neuron populations projecting to either the retrosplenial cortex, primary motor cortex, or basolateral amygdala. We found that all three CLA neuron populations clearly reside in distinct topological locations within the CLA complex and project broadly to multiple downstream targets. Each neuron population projects to different targets, suggesting that each CLA subzone coordinates a unique set of brain-wide functions. Our findings establish that the claustrum complex encompasses at least three minimally overlapping networks that are compartmentalized into different topological subzones. Such modularity is likely to be important for CLA function.

As the incidence of global food allergies increases year-by-year, food allergic diseases have become a growing concern in food safety and public health issue circles. In this paper, the characteristics of food allergens, allergenicity mechanism, clinical manifestations, common allergenic foods, and main exposure sources were introduced. The formulation method and the latest adjustment of food allergen threshold and reference dose were summarized, and several internationally recognized risk assessment method of food allergens were also summarized, which provides the theoretical basis for the next step of food allergy risk assessment in our country.

Adenovirus vector is one of the most widely used viral vectors for gene therapy. Comparedwith other viral vectors, adenovirus has various advantages such as high transduction effi ciency, broad tropismfor diff erent tissues and epichromosomal persistence in the host cell, etc. Adenovirus vectors can be modifi ed asreplication-deficient and replication-selective oncolytic virus vector. The strong immunogenicity of adenovirusvector makes it suitable to be applied in genetic vaccines and anti-cancer therapies. At present, many clinical trialshave confirmed the safety and effectiveness of adenovirus vector in the above-mentioned therapeutic attempts.

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high βP has been significantly extended (H98y2 > 1.3, βP ∼ 4.0, βN ∼ 2.4 and ne/nGW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (