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Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an efficient technology for treating organic solid wastes, and the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced during AD have significant value due to their wide range of applications and higher added value compared to methane. This study investigated the long-term effects of high solid content and straw proportion in mixed substrates (straw, sludge, and food wastes) on VFAs production through semi-continuous reactors under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Results showed that both reactors achieved a maximum VFAs concentration of ~ 22 g/L as the straw proportion increased to 50%. Acetate (48.3 – 64.5%) was the main component of produced VFAs in both reactors, while butyrate and propionate production in thermophilic temperature were superior compared to mesophilic conditions. Microbial community analysis revealed that Defluviitoga plays a pivotal role in acidogenesis within both reactors; besides, unclassified Hungateiclostridiaceae and Caproiciproducen were found to be dominant in thermophilic reactor, while Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were essential for VFAs production under mesophilic conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for the biotechnological exploration of acidogenic fermentation for large-scale mechanized production of VFAs from agricultural wastes.

Quantitative evaluation of rock dynamic disaster intensity is a challenging and difficult task in the field of earth science. In this article, the dynamic compression tests of granite under different impact velocities are carried out, and the energy evolution characteristics of the dynamic failure process of granite are analyzed. The dynamic fracture characteristics of granite were studied by using computed tomography and section scanning equipment. The results show that the energy dissipation and energy accumulation mechanism of granite under dynamic loading are fundamentally changed with the increase of impact disturbance strength, which leads to the transformation of the failure mode from the tension-type sheet crack under low-speed impact to the complex network crack coupled by tension and shear under high-speed impact. At the same time, the greater the impact velocity, the larger the macroscopic crack density, the more uneven the particle distribution on the fracture section, the greater the roughness, and the higher the rock mass fracture degree. In accordance with the results, the energy distribution ratio is proposed to quantitatively characterize the coupling effect of energy dissipation and energy accumulation in the dynamic failure process of granite and to reflect its dynamic failure intensity. The higher the energy distribution ratio, the stronger the energy coupling effect and the more intense the dynamic failure of the rock mass.

The generation efficiency of data products depends on both the computational efficiency and the startup efficiency of algorithms. In meteorological operations, algorithms are typically data-driven, meaning they are initiated immediately upon data arrival to accelerate the generation time of data products. Therefore, data-driven meteorological services urgently require an efficient task scheduling framework to achieve the goal of starting and running algorithms as soon as data arrive, and to improve the generation efficiency of meteorological data products. CMA Big Data and Cloud Platform, referred to as Tianqing and led by National Meteorological Information Center, began nationwide business operations in December 2021. The data processing line (DPL), as the core function of Tianqing, enables the unified management and centralized scheduling of meteorological algorithms. DPL has established various task scheduling capabilities, including timer-triggered scheduling, sequential scheduling, data-arrival scheduling, and manual scheduling. Among these methods, data-arrival scheduling based on data reporting status enables the algorithm to start immediately after data reporting, greatly improving the startup time of meteorological algorithms and the generation time of meteorological data products.Core functions of data-arrival scheduling include data state awareness components, task scheduling execution components, task scheduling post-processing components, and configuration management. Among these components, the data state perception component realizes real-time analysis of the reporting status of various meteorological data in the sky engine, and sends scheduling messages to the task scheduling execution component when the data reporting rate meets scheduling requirements. The task scheduling execution component combines the necessary resource information for the algorithm and computing nodes optimization, generates task scheduling instructions, and implements algorithm startup execution. The post-processing phase of task scheduling includes gathering and updating algorithm execution status, calculation node status, and sending of alarm information for algorithm execution abnormalities. Configuration management supports configuring data-aware scheduling parameters on the front-end page.Real-time analysis of data status and scheduling enables efficient task scheduling that starts and runs the algorithm as soon as data are reported. The scheduling delay is significantly reduced, compared to the original schedule, from 3784 ms to 11 ms. Data-arrival scheduling, as the core capability of CMA Big Data and Cloud Platform, is deployed and operated in real-time in provinces and regions. Currently, the system supports the efficient scheduling of 19 core business algorithms at the national level, with a total of approximately 6.67×105 daily scheduling tasks and an average scheduling delay of 31 ms. Efficient scheduling is achieved with 14 algorithms supported at the provincial level, encompassing a total of approximately 8×104 daily scheduling times and an average scheduling delay of 156 ms. In addition, data aware scheduling achieves seamless integration of upstream and downstream algorithms in meteorological services, providing a solution to eliminate the problem of disconnection between meteorological services and improve collaboration between meteorological services.

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of invisible anchor hook intraocular lens(IOL)fixation surgery.METHODS: Prospective and uncontrolled case study. A total of 19 patients(19 eyes)with aphakia, IOL dislocation, or lens dislocation from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected for this study, all of whom underwent anchor hook IOL scleral fixation implantation surgery. The main postoperative observation indicators are best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), corneal endothelial cell density, tilt of IOL position, and complications.RESULTS: The UCVA(LogMAR)before and at 1 mo after surgery was 1.06±0.63 and 0.40±0.26, respectively(P

The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a framework that supports the proactive, planned, coordinated and patient-centered care of chronic diseases. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) scale is a valuable tool for evaluating patients’ perspectives on chronic care delivery based on the CCM. Few studies have examined its application in China. This study assesses hypertension care in Chinese patients and explores how PACIC scores relate to patient compliance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou, China, from June to August 2021, including 253 hypertensive patients from 5 county hospitals and 13 primary healthcare centers. The study used the PACIC scale to assess hypertension care delivery and the Compliance of Hypertensive Patients scale (CHPS) to measure patient compliance. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics and the total and domain scores of PACIC, as well as the association between CHPS and the domain scores of PACIC. The mean value of overall the PACIC score was 3.12 (out of 5). Problem solving/contextual domain had the highest average score for each item, while follow up/coordination domain had the lowest. Patient activation had negative effects on intention (β = −.18, P

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves chronic inflammation of the submucosal layer and disruption of epithelial barrier function within the gastrointestinal tract. Connexin 43 (Cx43) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and its associated carcinogenic effects. However, a comprehensive analysis of Cx43’s role in mucosal and peripheral immunity in patients with UC is lacking. In this study, the colon tissues of patients with UC exhibited severe damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in a significant impairment of junctional communication as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA expression of Cx43 was found to be significantly elevated in the UC group compared to the control group, as determined using the Affymetrix expression profile chip and subsequently validated using qRT-PCR. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed a significantly higher mean fluorescence intensity of Cx43 in the UC group compared to the control group. Additionally, Cx43 was observed in both the cell membrane and nucleus, providing clear evidence of nuclear translocation. The proportion of Cx43 in the UC group for CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was increased in the control group, but only the proportion of Cx43 for CD8+ T lymphocytes showed significant difference by flow cytometry. The involvement of Cx43 in the pathogenesis of UC and its potential role in mucosal immunity warrants further investigation, as it holds promise as a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for this condition. The proportion of Cx43 in the UC group for CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was increased in the control group, but only the proportion of Cx43 for CD8+ T lymphocytes showed a significant difference.

Although current small object detection methods have improved the detection performance, they are mostly objected at conventional scenarios. In harsh underground environments in coal mines, there are difficulties in extracting small object feature information during the underground small object detection process. In order to solve the problem. a small object detection method for coal mine underground scenes based on YOLOv7-SE has been proposed. Firstly, the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is integrated with the k-means++clustering algorithm to accurately capture small underground objects by optimizing the estimation of initial anchor box values in the YOLOv7 model. Secondly, a new detection layer is added to the YOLOv7 backbone network to obtain high-resolution feature maps of underground small objects, reducing the interference of a large amount of coal dust on the feature representation of underground small objects. Finally, a dual layer attention mechanism is introduced after the aggregation network module in the backbone network to enhance the feature representation of small underground objects. The experimental results show the following points. ① The loss function of the YOLOv7-SE network model after training is stable around 0.05, indicating that the parameter settings of the YOLOv7-SE network model are reasonable. ② The average precision (AP) of helmet detection based on the YOLOv7-SE network model has improved by 13.86%, 25.3%, 16.13%, 12.71%, 15.53%, 11.59% and 12.20% compared to Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, CenterNet, FCOS, SSD, YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, respectively. The self rescue device detection AP based on the YOLOv7-SE network model has improved by 12.37%, 20.16%, 15.22%, 8.35%, 19.42%, 9.64% and 7.38% compared to Faster R-CNN, RetinaNet, CenterNet, FCOS, SSD, YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, respectively.The frames per second (FPS) of the YOLOv7-SE network model has increased by 42.56, 44.43, 31.74, 39.84, 22.74 and 23.34 frames/s compared to Faster R-CNN, RetinaNe, CenterNet, FCOS, SSD and YOLOv5, respectively, and decreased by 9.36 frames/s compared to YOLOv7. The YOLOv7-SE network model effectively enhances the feature extraction capability of the YOLOv7-SE network model for small underground objects while ensuring detection speed. ③ In the detection of safety helmets and self rescue devices, the YOLOv7-SE network model effectively improves missed and false detection, and improves detection precision.

With the advancement of meteorological services, various product processing systems and supporting data management systems have been developed for different business systems. However, this has led to the problem of system non-intensification. The lack of intensification in meteorological services can result in inconsistent data standards and make the operation and maintenance more challenging, which can lead to significant waste in investment due to duplicate data storage and inconsistent data caused by untimely synchronization. Moreover, the lack of information and technology hinders the integration of upstream and downstream businesses.The intensive development of meteorological business systems and the reform of "cloud+end" technology system are important measures to achieve high-quality development of meteorological business. China Meteorological Administration proposed to build a "cloud+end" technology system in 2020. CMA Big Data and Cloud Platform serves as the cloud, while the meteorological business system is the end, clarifying the positioning of CMA Big Data and Cloud Platform as a key foundational technology platform. The data processing line (DPL) is an intensive environment for meteorological algorithms. It addresses business needs such as efficient and stable processing of data products, data sharing and collaboration among business systems, and efficient and intensive business applications. To achieve this goal, algorithm libraries and task control functions are established by utilizing technologies such as integrated digital and computing, efficient task scheduling, visual process arrangement, and containers. The algorithm library facilitates the standardization, unified management and sharing of algorithms. Task control supports multiple scheduling strategies with high reliability and fault tolerance, enabling efficient and stable scheduling operations for algorithms. All functions mentioned above are in the form of interfaces for the application frontend. At the same time, based on the meteorological business comprehensive monitoring system (referred to as Tianjing) enables automatic collection of algorithm operation status and detection of abnormal alarms. Since its operation in 2021, the processing assembly line has facilitated the real-time operation of 202 business systems nationwide, resulting in a performance improvement of 1-10 times and a significant increase in efficiency. It plays an important supporting role in improving the operational efficiency of business systems, enhancing their collaboration, accelerating the process of "cloud+end" business technology system reform, and promoting the intensive development of meteorological business.

Background: To study the changes in intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and to explore its correlations with micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-21 and serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α). Methods: A total of 150 patients with UC were selected and divided into remission group and seizure group according to the severity of disease. At the same time, 150 healthy people receiving physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as control group. The levels of fecal miR-21 and TNF-α in all subjects were determined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The correlation between miR-21 and TNF-α and their associations with the changes in intestinal bacteria in UC were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The risk factors affecting the occurrence of UC were explored via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The levels of fecal miR-21 and TNF-α in patients with UC were significantly higher than those in control group, and they were also significantly higher in seizure group than those in remission group. There was a positive correlation between the levels of miR-21 and TNF-α. The number of fecal intestinal flora (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacterium and Enterococcus) was different in patients with varying degrees of disease. MiR-21 and TNF-α were negatively correlated with the content of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but positively correlated with the content of Enterobacterium and Enterococcus. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, miR-21 and TNF-α were risk factors for the seizure of UC. Conclusion: MiR-21 can promote the expression of TNF-α, and lead to the alteration of intestinal flora, thereby enhancing the occurrence and development of UC.

BackgroundGamma source irradiation is the most commonly used way at present for the equivalent dose (DE) determination of fossil samples in electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. However, it is facility-limited and time-consuming in many cases.PurposeThis study aims to establish the standardised growth curves (SGCs) of fossil enamel samples for determining the DE by ESR without gamma irradiation.MethodsFirst of all, we analyzed 20 tooth samples from the Late Pleistocene sites, and they exhibited similar dose response characteristics. Then, based on our preliminary work, we attempted to establish the SGCs of these Late Pleistocene fossil teeth using three different methods: (1) a simple method (fitting the natural dose points of fossil samples from Middle to Upper Pleistocene sites with exponential functions), (2) an average method (fitting the dose points with averaged ESR signal intensities), and (3) a representative sample method (establishing a SGC by using a representative sample). Finally, dose values obtained by each method were compared with those determined by the additive dose method (ADM).ResultsThe results of DE determined by the simple and average methods are close, with a deviation of less than 32% from the ADM results. The dose values obtained by SGC using the representative sample method generally agree with those of the ADM, with a deviation within 26%, which is the smallest among the three methods.ConclusionAlthough the uncertainties of the dose values obtained for the SGCs are not very close to those obtained using the ADM, it indicates the potential to quickly determine a more reasonable Dmax for irradiation, identify the possible intrusion of fossil samples, and analyze small or precious fossil samples.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and inflammatory indicators of hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant, and screen for possible prognostic diagnostic markers. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data from hospitalized patients with Omicron BA.5.2 variant infection admitted to the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August 1 to November 30, 2022. The patients were divided into mild, common, severe, and critically ill patient groups based on the severity of the disease. The differences in clinical data between the four groups were compared, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze inflammation indicators related to the severity of the disease. Multiple logistic regression method and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between various indicators and patient prognosis, as well as the evaluation value for disease severity and prognosis. Results A total of 3006 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, including 1522 males (50.63%) and 1484 females (49.37%), with an average age of (58.72±18.01)(14-96) years. According to the severity of the disease, they were classified into mild (40.98%, 1232/3006), ordinary (52.56%, 1580/3006), severe (4.26%, 128/3006), and critically severe (2.20%, 66/3006) groups.There were a significant differences(all P < 0.01) in the merging of underlying diseases including cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, lung disease, malignant tumor, brain disease, viral hepatitis and autoimmune disease among each group. During the hospitalization period, a total of 74 cases (2.43%) died, including 46 cases of severe illness (63.01%), 19 cases of severe illness (26.03%), 7 cases of ordinary illness (9.60%), and 2 cases of mild illness (2.74%). The proportion of death patients aged≥70 years old was 75.68%(56/74), and all deaths were among those with underlying diseases. C-reactive protein(CRP) and albumin levels were independent risk factors for disease severity, and CRP was significantly positively correlated with disease severity(P=0.002), while albumin levels were significantly negatively correlated with disease severity (P < 0.001). CRP, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were independent risk factors for disease prognosis, and CRP(P=0.027) and SIRI(P=0.025) were significantly positively correlated with disease prognosis, while SII was significantly negatively correlated with disease prognosis (P=0.021). CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had high diagnostic value for disease severity classification with the corresponding area under the aurve(AUC) > 7.0, while CRP, IL-6, procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, troponin T(TnT), troponin Ⅰ(TnⅠ), NLR, SII, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) had a high prognostic diagnostic value for death or survival with the corresponding AUC > 0.70. Conclusions There were significant differences in clinical characteristics among hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant strains with different disease severity. Combining CRP, IL-6, D-dimer, PCT, D-dimer, TnT, TnⅠ, NLR, SII, PLR, and MLR prediction models may enable early identification of high-risk populations among hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant strains, and provide timely diagnosis and treatment.

Project schedule management is an important guarantee for the smooth implementation of the project, which is closely related to the interests of all parties involved in the project, and how to improve the efficiency and quality of the project is a problem that still needs to be solved. In this paper, with reference to the actual situation in the project engineering, the objective function of schedule, cost, quality, and safety is proposed, and the multi-objective optimization mathematical model of the project engineering is obtained through multi-attribute utility theory modeling. Based on the objective function and constraints, the fitness function is established, the constructed model is solved using a genetic algorithm, and safeguard measures are designed to improve the efficiency of project engineering. The empirical results show that the duration and labor demand in the project schedule optimization scheme proposed by the model in this paper are much lower than those in the planning scheme of traditional project schedule optimization methods. Compared to the traditional method, the total cost of the project works decreased by 8.70%, while the quality of the work improved by 0.71%. It shows that the model can improve the quality of project efficiency and enhance the economic benefits of the entire project. The model proposed in this paper makes project schedule optimization more scientific, reasonable, and practical and has certain theoretical and practical significance. In addition, the establishment of a perfect schedule risk management mechanism can be considered in future research in this field to further improve the project schedule optimization model.

Automated laser descaling represents a crucial advancement in marine maintenance, particularly in localized corrosion treatment. This research utilizes AH32 marine steel for corrosion testing, applying color feature extraction and the OTSU thresholding method, refined with morphological processing, to accurately delineate descaling areas. We have engineered a laser descaling protocol with an impressive 97% recognition accuracy through the innovative application of LabVIEW technology combined with machine vision. Implementing this technology promises enhanced corrosion resistance for marine vessels, setting a new standard for maintenance efficiency and quality.

The self-control cloud collaborative office platform based on network, cloud and end architecture adopts the "network, cloud and end" architecture mode, and comprehensively uses new technologies such as cloud computing, microservice, SDN and cloud security to create a networked and intelligent collaborative office cloud service system with advanced technology, comprehensive functions, convenient use, flexible deployment, intelligent operation and maintenance, compatibility and adaptation, security and reliability. Through the construction of comprehensive network system, it can achieve security, credibility, Flexible and reliable networked collaborative office, enhance office information security, improve office efficiency and informatization level, provide information support for scientific decision-making, and promote the leapfrog development of informatization construction.

Objective: To explore the difference in gut microbiota between different traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its internal relationship. Methods: From June 2020 to August 2021, 109 colorectal cancer patients with a clear pathological diagnosis who had not yet undergone surgery or chemotherapy were classified according to the TCM syndrome classification, and the feces samples of 109 patients with preoperative colorectal cancer were collected. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine gut microbiota diversity and abundance in CRC patients with different TCM syndrome, and LEfSe analysis was made to screen different TCM syndrome for differential representative microbiota. Results: 109 patients were divided into 5 syndromes by TCM syndrome classification, which were Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome (LKYDS, n = 19), Spleen Deficient Qi Stagnation Syndrome (SDQSS, n = 30), Stasis and Poison Obstruction Syndrome (SPOS, n = 17), Damp-Heat Syndrome (DHS, n = 30), Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome (QBDS, n = 13). Alpha diversity index showed significant differences among the five groups of TCM syndromes, with Shannon index being highest in the SDQSS group and lowest in the LKYDS (p = 0.003). ACE index being highest in the SDQSS group and lowest in the SPOS (p = 0.010). PD whole tree index being highest in the SDQSS group and lowest in the SPOS (p = 0.017). Similarly, beta diversity showed significant differences among the five groups of TCM syndromes, with principal coordinate analysis (PCo1 = 31.86 %, PCo2 = 5.62 %) showing separation and coincidence between the groups, and Adonis group differences showing coincidence between the QBDS-LKYDS (p = 0.702), QBDS-DHS (p = 0.133), and SDQSS-DHS (p = 0.260) groups. LEfSe analysis revealed that the representative microbiota of DHS patients was Dialister sp Marseille P5638 (LDA = 3.05, p＜0.001), the representative microbiota of SPOS patients was Oscillospirales (LDA = 4.78, p = 0.029), the representative microbiota of SDQSS patients was Selenomonadaceae (LDA = 3.94, p = 0.003), the representative microbiota of LKYDS patients was Dialister (LDA = 4.19, p = 0.001), and the representative microbiota of QBDS patients was Akkermansia muciniphila (LDA = 4.23, p = 0.006). Conclusions: There are significant differences in gut microbiota between different TCM syndromes in CRC patients. The five microbiota, Dialister sp Marseille P5638, Oscillospirales, Selenomonadaceae, Dialister, and Akkermansia muciniphila, may be differential markers of TCM syndrome in CRC and are expected to be one of the bases for accurate TCM syndrome differentiation of CRC.

【Objective】 Constructed wetland is a biotechnological technique to treat wastewater; its function depends on a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors. This paper compares the performance of eight wetlands constructed by different materials. 【Method】 The eight wetlands we studied were constructed by fine sand only (CK), fine sand + corn straw powder (JW), fine sand + industry glucose (PW), sand + corn-straw biochar (SW), fine sand + eisenia fetida (KQ), fine sand + corn straw powder + eisenia fetida (JQ), fine sand + industrial glucose + eisenia fetida (PQ), fine sand + corn stover biochar + eisenia fetida (SQ), respectively. 【Result】 Adding corn-straw biochar, industrial glucose and corn-straw power increased the COD removal rate by 81.80%, 88.58% and 85.77%, respectively, compared to CK. Adding industrial glucose combined with corn straw powder improved purification efficiency of total N (TN) and total P (TP) by 7.0% and 2.8%, respectively. Wetland with industrial glucose and corn straw powder had the best TN removal rate, reaching 98% and 98.2%, respectively. Adding corn-straw power along with eisenia fetida was most effective to remove cooper, compared with other treatments. On average, introducing eisenia fetida to the wetlands increased the removal rates of COD, Cu and Zn by 1.8%, 6.3% and 2.6%, respectively, while adding corn-stover biochar significantly increased the removal rate of NH4+-N. Compared with corn straw powder and corn straw biochar, industrial glucose was more efficient for removing COD, total N and N, and Cu. 【Conclusion】 Adding eisenia fetida and organic carbon to the wetland can improve its efficacy to remove COD, nitrogen and heavy metals, especially corn-stover powder combined with eisenia fetida. For removing Cu, corn straw powder combined with eisenia fetida works the best.

The carbide bit YG10 green drilled nickel-base superalloy GH4169 through dry drilling, air cooling and LCO2 cooling to explore the drilling performance and wear mechanism of nickel-base superalloy, with the purpose of improving the bit life. According to the analysis of bit life, drilling force, drilling temperature, drill wear morphology and machined surface roughness under different cutting conditions, both air cooling and LCO2 cooling can improve cutting conditions, reduce drilling force and drilling temperature, and prolong bit life. Air cooling and LCO2 cooling can increase cutting life by 33% and 2.33 times, respectively. It has a high requirement on the working condition when the carbide bit drills nickel-base superalloy. The main failure mode is chipping or even broken edge in inappropriate working conditions, and the main failure mode is adhesive wear in appropriate working conditions.

With the series of regulations issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation entitled "Release, Regulation, and Service" and the rapid development of the biomedical health industry, the demand for toxicology testing is increasing, and the number of testing institutions is also growing. Statements of accreditation capacity scope of toxicology laboratories must also be more specialized and international. In this paper, the project classification, detection objects, items/parameters, statements of accreditation and scope of the Chinese regulatory toxicology testing field were described. The accreditation capacity scope of 4 mainstream international accreditation institutions in the field of toxicology testing, in New Zealand, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom, was organized and analyzed. Results showed that China, New Zealand and other countries mentioned above used the same basic expression regarding the scope of accreditation capacity in the field of toxicology testing; these expressions covered detection objects, detection methods/technologies, detection standards and field codes, but their classification principles for codes varied slightly. In order to standardize and uniformly express the scope of accreditation capacity in this field and improve the professional level of laboratories, this study puts forth suggestions on detection objects, items/parameters, field codes, names(method)and numbers(including year numbers) of detection standards, and the scope of limitations.

【Background】 Selenium is a crop nutrient but scarce in many soils. One solution is to add selenium with irrigation water to the soil. In this paper we investigated experimentally spatial accumulation and distribution of added selenium and is correlation with physical and chemical properties of soil under different irrigations using reclaimed water. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in pots. It consisted of two selenium additions: 4 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg (L), with each addition having three irrigation amounts (or methods). 2 L/h drip irrigation (2D), 4 L/h drip irrigation (4D), and border irrigation (S). Without selenium addition was taken as the control (CK). We measured accumulation and distribution of the added selenium in each pot. 【Result】 Except in CK, selenium content in the top 0~10 cm soil was significantly higher than that in the 10~20 cm soil (P

Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a key measurement technology for specular surfaces form measurement. Compared with the phase measuring deflectometry techniques based on the conventional configuration, the near optical coaxial phase measuring deflectometry (NCPMD) can achieve compact configuration, light weight and insignificant measurement error caused by structure shadows by utilizing a plate beamsplitter. However, the introduction of the plate beamsplitter will make some influence of the measurement accuracy of the NCPMD system. In the one hand, the introduction of the plate beamsplitter can reduce the measurement accuracy of the NCPMD system due to the refractive of the ray between the two surfaces of the beamsplitter. In the other hand, due to the processing and manufacturing problems of the beamsplitter, there are inevitably certain unevenness errors on the upper and lower surfaces. In this paper, a virtual simulation system of NCPMD is established, and an error model of the NCPMD system by considering both the refraction influence and reflection influence of the plate beamsplitter is presented to analyse the shape reconstruction error caused by the plate beamsplitter.

Hybrid structured-light measurement technique is used for form measurement of structured composite surfaces. A hybrid structured-light measurement system contains a phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) subsystem and a fringe projection profilometry (FPP) subsystem. Each subsystem measures specular surfaces and rough surfaces based on structured-light reflection and projection principle, respectively. Calibration’s accuracy extremely effects data stitching precision between the subsystems. A novel calibration technique is explored for the hybrid structured-light system to complete reliable measurement accuracy. Calibration algorithms are developed based on designed calibration targets. Information of the calibration procedure are discussed and presented. Effectiveness of the proposed calibration technique has been conducted and verified through experiments by measuring structured composite samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can significantly improve data fusion accuracy of a hybrid structured-light measurement system.

In order to reduce carbon emissions and promote clean energy development and utilization, a virtual plant optimization scheduling strategy for bio gas coupled to methanol synthesis units based on a stepped carbon transaction mechanism is proposed. This strategy is based on the transportation cost of hydrogen energy storage and the reality that methanol is widely used in the industry, to construct a second-order variable pressure adsorptive bio gas and electro alcohols linked production model, to extract high purity natural gas and CO2, and to couple the methanol synthesis unit with the bio gas equipment, while introducing a stepped carbon trading mechanism to realize CO2 recycling and wind with the lowest running cost in a virtual power plant Efficient dissipation of photogenerated electrical energy. Finally, by setting up different scenarios and conducting computational validation, the analytical results confirm that the proposed model strategy can meet the demands of low carbon and economy in virtual power plants.

In order to find out the influence of water immersion and air drying process on the macroscopic characteristics and microstructure changes of coal spontaneous combustion, the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of non-caking raw coal and long-term soaked and air-dried coal were experimentally studied, and the effects of soaking time and particle size on the gas generation and activation energy of coal during the oxidation heating process were analyzed. As an explanation in support of the influence of water immersion on the spontaneous combustion and oxidation characteristics of coal, the variation of relative content of oxygen-containing functional groups and the mechanism of gas generation were analyzed. The results indicated that CO and CO2 are the main components of the gas generated by coal oxidation reaction. Compared with raw coal, the gas production of coal samples after 90 days and 180 days soaking and air-drying is higher in the process of oxidation heating. In the accelerated oxidation stage, the activation energy decreased by 2.72 kJ/mol and 35.74 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicates that the coal sample after long-term soaking has a higher spontaneous combustion tendency than that after short-term soaking. Water plays a promoting role in the formation of oxygen-containing complexes, resulting in the relative content of oxygen-containing functional groups in soaked coal being higher than that of raw coal. Meanwhile, -COOH and C=O are the main sources of CO2 and CO respectively, which could explain the phenomenon of higher concentration of CO2 and CO produced by soaked coal than that by raw coal.

A case of neurosyphilis with a positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was reported. A 54-year-old man who presented with acute memory deficits was admitted to our hospital. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was initially considered, and he was prescribed intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). However, the intermittent onset of episodic memory and orientation disorder still occurred. No diffusion restriction was indicated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and subclinical seizures were frequently found by electroencephalogram (EEG). Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test of serum showed positive results for syphilis. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed elevated leukocyte count and protein level. RPR test, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, and Treponema pallidum antibody (TP-Ab) in CSF showed positive results, and the anti-NMDAR antibodies were positive in CSF and serum. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis with a positive anti-NMDAR antibody. The clinical symptoms were improved, and the leukocyte count in CSF was reduced after treatment with intravenous penicillin G and levetiracetam. This case suggests that in cases with positive results for neurosyphilis and NMDAR antibodies, the proper treatment has to be decided based on all of the available clinical and diagnostic testing data.

IntroductionOwing to advancements in non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging, many studies have repeatedly showed that diabetes affects the central nervous system in the presence of peripheral neuropathy, suggesting a common or interacting pathological mechanism for both complications.MethodsWe aimed to investigate the role of abnormal gut microbiota in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) combined with cognitive dysfunction. Glucose-compliant rats with nerve conduction deficits were screened as a successful group of DPN rats. The DPN group was then divided into rats with combined cognitive impairment (CD) and rats with normal cognitive function (NCD) based on the results of the Novel object recognition test. Rat feces were then collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal flora.Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that abnormalities in Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidia, and Actinobacteria-like microorganisms may induce DPN complicated by cognitive dysfunction.

【Objective】 Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils play an important role in controlling the temperature rise not exceeding 1.5 ℃ by the end of the century. GHG emission is complicated, affected by various physical and biogeochemical processes. In this paper, we studied the impact of irrigation water sources on emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from soils. 【Method】 Incubation experiment was conducted indoors in microcosms. The microcosms were irrigated using reclaimed wastewater, livestock wastewater respectively, with irrigation with fresh groundwater taken as the control. During the experiment, we measured, concurrently, the emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4, the changes in soil pH, water-filled porosity (WFPS), NH4+-N and NO3--N, as well as other edaphic factors. 【Result】 Reclaimed water and livestock wastewater irrigations both significantly increased the emission of CO2, N2O and CH4, compared to irrigation with groundwater (P

【Objective】 Using treated wastewater as a supplementary water resource for irrigation is one solution to helping relieve the pressure resulting from water shortage in many regions around the world. Since reclaimed wastewater is rich in nutrients and elements that are beneficial and harmful to crops and soil microbial communities, the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on microbial activity and physicochemical properties of soil is likely to vary with other agronomic practices, which remains poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues. 【Method】 The experiments were conducted in pots repacked with soil. The irrigation amount was the same in all pots, and every pot was irrigated four times after emergence and each time irrigated 1 L water, with nitrogen fertilization varying only(0, 120, 150, 180 mg/L). Clean water irrigation was taken as the control. During the experiment, we measured the change in nitrogen distribution and urease activity in each pot. 【Result】 Compared with the control, reclaimed water irrigation did not show significant effect on soil organic mass (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, but reduced soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and water-soluble Na+ content. It also increased soil nitrate, water-soluble K+ and urease activity in the 0~10 cm soil layer, all at significant level. Soil physicochemical properties and urease activity in the 0~5 cm soil were negatively correlated with TN and water-soluble Na+, while positively correlated with water-soluble K+, all at significant level. 【Conclusion】 For all treatments we compared, reclaimed water irrigation coupled with 120 mg/kg of nitrogen fertilization was most beneficial to increasing soil nutrients and urea activity in the soil.

The dynamic behaviors of the hydrostatic slide is changed instantaneously and abruptly during the start-stop, acceleration and deceleration, so magnetorheological（MR） damper is used to suppress tangential vibration of hydrostatic slide. A single-degree-of-freedom vibration model is established, and the dynamic response of the system are studied by the incremental harmonic balance method（IHBM） with arc length as control increment. The simulation results show that it is feasible to suppress the vibration of hydrostatic slide using MR damper. The amplitude-frequency curve changes from hardening type nonlinearity to softening type nonlinearity with the increase of the current of damper slowly, and may lead to hysteresis region narrowing, disappear and secondary jump. With the variation of the frequency ratio, the relationship between amplitude and current of damper is changed significantly. When the frequency ratio is small, the amplitude decreases monotonously with the increase of current. The curve is complex and the jump phenomenon occurs with the large frequency ratio. Finally, the experimental results show that the MR damper can suppress the vibration of hydrostatic slide effectively.

Improving the efficiency of converting natural resources into social benefits is an important issue for sustainable development in today's world. Based on this background this paper applies the super-efficient SBM model with non-expected output to measure the ecological welfare performance (EWP) of Chinese provinces from 2005-2019, and explores the relationship between government competition and EWP under different assessment systems. The research results show that government competition under economic performance assessment is self-interested and short-sighted, which can negatively affect ecological welfare performance in the current period as well as in the next four years. In contrast, government competition under the environmental assessment system promotes EWP in both the current and long term, balancing short-term and long-term benefits. The results of the spatial GMM found that government competition under economic performance appraisal can deteriorate EWP in local as well as surrounding areas, but government competition under the environmental assessment system can achieve an increase in local ecological welfare performance and the spillover effect is not significant. To alleviate the limitations of a single appraisal system, this paper incorporates both economic and ecological appraisals into the multidimensional appraisal system. When the weights of both are between 1:9 and 3:7, the government competition under multidimensional performance appraisal can promote both current and longer-term EWP, and achieve its own ecological welfare performance without affecting the surrounding areas.

Microorganisms in anaerobic digestion (AD) are easily affected by ammonia, especially acetoclastic methanogens. Thus, in ammonia-suppressed AD systems, acetate degradation is reported to be carried out mainly by the cooperation of syntrophic acetate oxidizers and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Previous studies have revealed ammonia inhibition on microbial flora by AD performance, but the effect mechanism of ammonia on microbial metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a mesophilic chemostat fed with acetate as the sole carbon source, gradually increased the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration from 1 g L−1 to 6 g L−1, and employed the 16S rRNA gene, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics analysis to characterize the microbial community structure and metabolic behavior. The results showed that even at the TAN of 6 g L−1 (pH 7.5), the methanogenesis kept normal, the biogas production was approximately 92% of that at TAN of 1 g L−1 and the acetate degradation ratio reached 99%, suggesting the strong TAN tolerance of the microbial community enriched. 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that the microbial community structure changed along with the TAN concentration. Methanothrix predominated in methanogens all the time, in which the dominant species was gradually replaced from M. soehngenii to M. harundinacea with the increased TAN. Dominant bacterial species also changed and Proteiniphilum showed a significant positive correlation with increased TAN. Meta-omics analysis showed that the absolute dominant microorganisms at TAN of 6 g L−1 were M. harundinacea and Proteiniphilum, both of which highly expressed genes for anti-oxidative stress. M. harundinacea and the second dominant methanogen Methanosarcina highly expressed both acetate cleavage and CO2 reduction pathways, suggesting the possibility that these two pathways contributed to methanogenesis together. Proteiniphilum and some other species in Firmicutes and Synergistetes were likely acetate oxidizers in the community as they highly expressed genes for syntrophic acetate oxidization, H2 generation, and electron transfer. These results suggested that Proteiniphilum as well as M. harundinacea have strong ammonia tolerance and played critical roles in acetate degradation under ammonia-suppressed conditions. The achievements of the study would contribute to the regulation and management of the AD process.

【Background and objective】 Rhizosphere is the interface of soil and plant housing a unique microbial community which not only mediates carbon and nutrient cycles but is also the underlying drivers of soil structure genesis. Soil microorganisms self-restructure following environmental change, which has a consequence for all biogeochemical processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how dripping rate affects the microbial community of the rhizosphere of tomato drip-irrigated using reclaimed water. 【Method】 Pot experiment was conducted in an intelligent artificial climate chamber. It compared three dripping rates: 2, 4 and 8 L/h, with traditional flood irrigation taken as the control. After harvesting the plants, microbial community in the different root zone soil layers (0~5, 5~10, and 10~15 cm) of each treatment was analyzed using the 16S rDNA microbial diversity sequencing method. 【Result】 Microbial diversity index under drip irrigation was higher than that under the control, regardless of the dripping rate, and their difference was most significant in the 5~10 cm soil layer (P

【Objective】 Nitrogen exists in different forms which have different effects on soil biogeochemical processes and plant growth and nutrients acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of combinations of different nitrogen forms on the growth and physiological traits of ryegrass in hydroponic culture under Cd stress. 【Method】 We used treated wastewater as the hydroponic culture and grew the ryegrass by contaminating the culture with Cd concentration set at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The nitrogen was nitrate and ammonium with the nitrate : ammonium ratio being set at 100∶0, 75∶25, 50∶50, 25∶75 and 0∶100. In each treatment, we measured the physiological traits of the plant 【Result】 When the Cd concentration was 0.01 mg/L, increasing nitrate application promoted the growth of both roots and shoots, as well as absorption of Cd by the ryegrass when the nitrate : ammonium ratio increased from 25% to 100%. When Cd concentration increased to 10 mg/L Cd, the MDA content in the ryegrass was lower than that at 0.01 mg/L concentration, regardless of the nitrate : ammonium ratio. The content of MDA in the ryegrass under Cd stress was the lowest when nitrate : ammonium was 100∶0. We also found that Cd stress boosted the activities of CAT and POD in the ryegrass when the amount of ammonium increased from 50% to 100%. 【Conclusion】 Increasing ammonium in the nutrient solution benefited Cd2+ absorption by the ryegrass, thereby reducing its detrimental impact on ryegrass growth and development.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stands as a prevailing neurodegenerative condition (NDs), leading to the gradual deterioration of brain cells and subsequent declines in memory, thinking, behavior, and emotion. Despite the intensive research efforts and advances, an effective curative treatment for the disease has not yet been found. Mushrooms, esteemed globally for their exquisite flavors and abundant nutritional benefits, also hold a wealth of health-promoting compounds that contribute to improving AD health. These compounds encompass polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, terpenoids, phenols, and various other bioactive substances. Particularly noteworthy are the potent neuroprotective small molecules found in mushrooms, such as ergothioneine, erinacine, flavonoids, alkaloids, ergosterol, and melanin, which warrant dedicated scrutiny for their therapeutic potential in combating AD. This review summarizes such positive effects of mushroom bioactive compounds on AD, with a hope to contribute to the development of functional foods as an early dietary intervention for this neurodegenerative disease.

C8H16N3O13Gd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.1159(16) Å, b = 8.5454(11) Å, c = 15.251(2) Å, β = 91.848(2)°, V = 1578.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0257, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0555, T = 296(2) K.

【Background】 Drought could significantly impact hydrological processes and water resources, and understanding frequency and uncertainty of drought occurrence is hence imperative to water resources planning. The copula method has emerged as an improved multivariate analysis over the univariate analysis for quantitative analysis of drought. 【Objective】 This paper is to present the results of the frequency and severity of droughts in Songhua river basin calculated using the copula multivariate method. 【Method】 The analysis was based on archived data, and duration and severity of the pooled daily drought events were identified using the variable threshold level method. The drought index variables were fitted by six common distribution functions respectively, and they were then evaluated using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test method. Optimal model selected from three Copula functions was used to establish a two-dimensional joint distribution for the drought index variables, from which we calculated the joint distribution probability as well as the return period. The uncertainty of the drought was analyzed using the Monte Carlo method. 【Result】 With the pooling criteria set to be pc=0.1 and tc=5, the average drought duration was 81~105 days in the basin. The lognormal distribution can adequately describe the marginal distribution of the drought duration in Dalai, Fuyu and Harbin stations in the basin, despite the differences in optimal distribution of the drought severity between them. The Frank copula was the best model for the two-dimensional joint distribution of the drought, and the return periods of the droughts were less than 20 years. When the return period was 20 years, the maximum design values for Dalai, Fuyu, Harbin and Jiamusi hydrological stations were most uncertain. 【Conclusion】 The copula multivariate model can adequately describe the joint distribution of the drought index variables in Songhua river basin, and its application should consider drought uncertainty.

Objective To investigate the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) omeprazole on the composition of esophageal microbiota in rats with reflux esophagitis. Methods The rat model of reflux esophagitis was established by the method of pyloric partial ligation and complete anterior gastric ligation. Rats were randomly divided into sham operation control group, reflux esophagitis control group and PPI treatment group (omeprazole). One week after the operation, distilled water/omeprazole tablets were intragastric administration once a day and two pieces of lower esophageal mucosa were obtained 2 weeks later, one for bacteria 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and another for pathological examination. Results Six surviving rats in each group were selected. The abundance values of sham operation control, reflux esophagitis control and PPI treatment groups at the genus level were as follows:Peptostreptococcus 2.5%±0.5%, 1.7%±0.7% and 1.9%±0.5%; Helicobacter 1.5%±0.1%, 1.0%±0.5% and 1.2%±0.3%;Turicibacter 1.0%±0.2%, 0.5%±0.2% and 1.0%±0.4% (P＜0.05). The abundances of Peptostreptococcus, Helicobacter, and Turicibacterin the reflux esophagitis control group were signifi-cantly reduced than those in the sham operation control group. The pathological grades of reflux esophagitis (mild/moderate/severe) in reflux esophagitis control and PPI treatment groups were 0/4/2 and 5/1/0(P＜0.05). Conclusions There are moderate changes in the composition of esophageal microbiota in rats with reflux esophagitis,the proportion of beneficial bacteria reduced. After the treatment of PPI omeprazole, the esophageal mucosal injury is alleviated, the proportion of beneficial bacteria increased, and the composition of esophageal microbiota returns to normal.

The three-point bending pressure straightening method is employed to deal with the problem of single curvature bent stepped pipe. Based on the theory of elastoplastic mechanics the analysis of deformation process for the stepped pipe with bilinear strengthening elastoplastic material is performed,in which the effect of stress concentration at the changed cross-section place is considered. Therefore,the calculation formula of straightness stroke is deduced. The correction of the mathematical model is verified by the straightening process simulation based FEM analysis of explicit dynamics in Workbench LS-Dyna software and the corresponding experiment. The simulation and experiment results show that stepped pipe rectified by the proposed method has high straightness,meaning a good straightening affect.