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Formation strain can directly affect the generation of structural fractures. According to the magnitude of structural strain, the location and intensity of structural fracture development can be predicted, and the chief fracture development areas in the study area can be divided. This paper takes the fourth member of the Yingcheng formation (referred to as the YING-4 section) in the Xuzhong area of the Xujiaweizi rift in the Songliao basin as the research object. Based on establishing a detailed 3D structural model of the study area, we used the “structural restoration” method to restore the paleo-structure of the study area and calculated finite strain values to predict the planar distribution of structural fractures. The research shows that the YING-4 section in the study area mainly includes three fracture-making periods, namely the end of the Yingcheng formation, the Quantou–to–Qingshankou formation, and the Nenjiang formation. Among them, the tectonic deformation at the end of the Yingcheng formation and the Quantou–to–Qingshankou formation is relatively strong, which is the main formation period of the fracture. The study area is divided into three types of fracture development zones according to the relationship between strain size and test gas production. Type I fracture development zone has been verified by well-drilling, indicating that the prediction results of fractures using structural strain are reliable. Type Ⅱ fracture development zone can be used as an important direction for the next step of deep natural gas exploration. Type Ⅲ fracture development zone has low productivity, and the fractures have limited effect on reservoir reconstruction.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a nuclear cytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) that causes devastating hemorrhagic diseases in domestic pigs and wild boars, seriously threatening the development of the global pig industry. IFN-I plays an important role in the body's antiviral response. Similar to other DNA viruses, ASFV has evolved a variety of immune escape strategies to antagonize IFN-I signaling and maintain its proliferation. In this study, we showed that the ASFV early protein pK205R strongly inhibited interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as the promoter activity of IFN-stimulated regulatory elements (ISREs). Mechanistically, pK205R interacted with the intracellular domains of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, thereby inhibiting the interaction of IFNAR1/2 with JAK1 and TYK2 and hindering the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STATs. Subsequently, we generated a recombinant strain of the ASFV-pK205R point mutation, ASFV-pK205R7PM. Notably, we detected higher levels of ISGs in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) than in the parental strain during the early stages of ASFV-pK205R7PM infection. Moreover, ASFV-pK205R7PM attenuated the inhibitory effect on IFN-I signaling. In conclusion, we identified a new ASFV immunosuppressive protein that increases our understanding of ASFV immune escape mechanisms. Author summary: African Swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a deadly swine disease that originated in Africa and has since spread to Europe, Asia, and Oceania, severely impacting the global pig industry. Although ASFV protein functions have been extensively studied, many remain unknown. pK205R is abundantly expressed during the early stages of ASFV infection and participates in viral replication during the late stages of infection. Our research reveals how pK205R inhibits IFN-I signaling by interacting with IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, blocking downstream signaling. These results improve our understanding of the immune escape process of ASFV, which may have implications for future vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Stomatal movement plays a critical role in plant immunity by limiting the entry of pathogens. OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) is a key component that mediates stomatal closure in plants, however, how OST1 functions in response to pathogens is not well understood. RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID‐SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and positively modulates plant resistance. In this study, by a genome‐wide phosphorylation analysis, we found that the phosphorylation of BSK1 and OST1 was missing in the rlk902 mutant compared with the wild‐type plants, indicating a potential connection between the RLK902‐BSK1 module and OST1‐mediated stomatal closure. We showed that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to stomatal immunity, as the stomatal closure induced by the bacterial pathogen Pto DC3000 was impaired in rlk902 and bsk1‐1 mutants. Stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 was dependent on BSK1 phosphorylation at Ser230, a key phosphorylation site for BSK1 functions. Several phosphorylation sites of OST1 were important for RLK902‐ and BSK1‐mediated stomatal immunity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser171 and Ser175 in OST1 contributed to the stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 but not by BSK1, while phosphorylation of OST1 at Ser29 and Thr176 residues was critical for BSK1‐mediated stomatal immunity. Taken together, these results indicate that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to disease resistance via OST1‐mediated stomatal closure. This work revealed a new function of BSK1 in activating stomatal immunity, and the role of RLK902‐BSK1 and OST1 module in regulating pathogen‐induced stomatal movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principles of biomimicry, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been widely applied across diverse domains to tackle practical challenges. However, the inherent limitations of these algorithms call for further refinement to strike a delicate balance between global exploration and local exploitation. Thus, this paper introduces a novel multi-strategy enhanced hybrid algorithm called MHWACO, which integrates a Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Initially, MHWACO employs Gaussian perturbation optimization for individual initialization. Subsequently, individuals selectively undertake either localized exploration based on the refined WOA or global prospecting anchored in the Golden Sine Algorithm (Golden-SA), determined by transition probabilities. Inspired by the collaborative behavior of ant colonies, a Flight Ant (FA) strategy is proposed to guide unoptimized individuals toward potential global optimal solutions. Finally, the Gaussian scatter search (GSS) strategy is activated during low population activity, striking a balance between global exploration and local exploitation capabilities. Moreover, the efficacy of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) as regression models heavily depends on parameter selection. In response, we have devised the MHWACO-SVM and MHWACO-RF models to refine the selection of parameters, applying them to various real-world problems such as stock prediction, housing estimation, disease forecasting, fire prediction, and air quality monitoring. Experimental comparisons against 9 newly proposed intelligent optimization algorithms and 9 enhanced algorithms across 34 benchmark test functions and the CEC2022 benchmark suite, highlight the notable superiority and efficacy of MSWOA in addressing global optimization problems. Finally, the proposed MHWACO-SVM and MHWACO-RF models outperform other regression models across key metrics such as the Mean Bias Error (MBE), Coefficient of Determination ( R 2 ), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Median Absolute Error (MEAE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]