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2. Hadronic expansion dynamics in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Author

Appelshäuser, H, Bächler, J, Bailey, SJ, Barnby, LS, Bartke, J, Barton, RA, Białkowska, H, Billmeier, A, Blyth, CO, Bock, R, Bormann, C, Brady, FP, Brockmann, R, Brun, R, Bunčić, P, Caines, HL, Cebra, D, Cooper, GE, Cramer, JG, Csato, P, Dunn, J, Eckardt, V, Eckhardt, F, Ferguson, MI, Ferenc, D, Fischer, HG, Flierl, D, Fodor, Z, Foka, P, Freund, P, Friese, V, Fuchs, M, Gabler, F, Gal, J, Gaździcki, M, Gladysz, E, Grebieszkow, J, Günther, J, Harris, JW, Hegyi, S, Henkel, T, Hill, LA, Huang, I, Hümmler, H, Igo, G, Irmscher, D, Jacobs, P, Jones, PG, Kadija, K, Kolesnikov, VI, Kowalski, M, Lasiuk, B, Lévai, P, Malakhov, AI, Margetis, S, Markert, C, Melkumov, GL, Mock, A, Molnár, J, Nelson, JM, Oldenburg, M, Odyniec, G, Palla, G, Panagiotou, AD, Petridis, A, Piper, A, Porter, RJ, Poskanzer, AM, Poziombka, S, Prindle, DJ, Pühlhofer, F, Rauch, W, Reid, JG, Renfordt, R, Retyk, W, Ritter, HG, Röhrich, D, Roland, C, Roland, G, Rudolph, H, Rybicki, A, Sandoval, A, Sann, H, Semenov, AY, Schäfer, E, Schmischke, D, Schmitz, N, Schönfelder, S, Seyboth, P, Seyerlein, J, Sikler, F, Skrzypczak, E, Squier, GTA, Stock, R, Ströbele, H, Struck, C, Szentpetery, I, Sziklai, J, Toy, M, and Trainor, TA

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.

Published
1998

12. Spectator Nucleons in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A·GeV

Author

Appelshäuser, H., Bächler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R. A., Białkowska, H., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Buncic, N., Buncic, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Chan, P., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cramer, P.B., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gaździcki, M., Gładysz, E., Gorodetsky, P., Grebieszkow, J., Günther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hümmler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Lévai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnár, J., Nelson, J.M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Pühlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Röhrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sakrejda, I., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schäfer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schönfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Ströbele, H., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Vesztergombi, G., Vranic, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., White, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.-Z., Zybert, R., and NA49 Collaboration

Published
1998
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16. Two-proton correlations from 158 A GeV Pb + Pb central collisions

Author

Appelshäuser, H., Bächler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Betev, L., Białkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Carr, L.D., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gaździcki, M., Geist, W., Gładysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Günther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hümmler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Lednicky, R., Lévai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnár, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Prindle, D.J., Pühlhofer, F., Susa, T., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Röhrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sammer, T., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schäfer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schönfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Snellings, R., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Ströbele, H., Struck, Chr., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Voloshin, S., Vranić, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.-Z., and Zybert, R.

Published
1999
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17. Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Author

Appelshäuser, H., Bächler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Betev, L., Białkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Carr, L.D., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gaździcki, M., Geist, W., Gładysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Günther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hümmler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Lévai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnár, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Prindle, D.J., Pühlhofer, F., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Röhrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sammer, T., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schäfer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schönfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Snellings, R., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Ströbele, H., Struck, Chr., Susa, T., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Voloshin, S., Vranić, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.-Z., and Zybert, R.

Published
1999
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18. The NA49 large acceptance hadron detector

Author

Afanasiev, S., Alber, T., Appelshäuser, H., Bächler, J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Betev, L., Bialkowska, H., Bieser, F., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Bracinik, J., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Buncic, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Csato, P., Cyprian, M., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Empl, T., Eschke, J., Ferguson, M.I., Fessler, H., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Frankenfeld, U., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Ftacnik, J., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gaździcki, M., Gładysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Günther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hlinka, V., Huang, I., Hümmler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Ivanov, M., Janik, R., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Lévai, P., Liebicher, K., Lynen, U., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Marks, C., Mayes, B., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnár, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Pestov, Y., Petridis, A., Pikna, M., Pimpl, W., Pinsky, L., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Pühlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Röhrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sammer, T., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Schäfer, E., Schmidt, R., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schönfelder, S., Semenov, A.Yu., Seyboth, J., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Sitar, B., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stelzer, H., Stock, R., Strmen, P., Ströbele, H., Struck, C., Susa, T., Szarka, I., Szentpetery, I., Szymański, P., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Vranic, D., Wang, F.Q., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wieman, H., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.-Z., and Zybert, R.

Published
1999
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23. Polymer Molecular Weight Methods

Author

MYER EZRIN, CLYDE A. GLOVER, FRED W. BILLMEYER, LEONARD R. SIEBERT, HERMAN L. WAGNER, N. C. FORD, R. GABLER, F. E. KARASZ, E. P. OTOCKA, C. EUGENE BENNETT, DONALD G. PAUL, MALCOLM DOLE, H. L. COX, J. GIENIEC, WILLIAM S. BAHARY, NOBUYUKI NAKAJIMA, J. H. ROSS, R. L. SHANK, THEODORE PROVDER, JAMES C. W

Published
1973

25. Postharvest ethanol and hot water treatments of table grapes to control gray mold

Author

Karabulut, O. A., Mlikota Gabler, F., Smilanick, J. L, and Mansour, M.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, heated ethanol, hot water, table grapes, gray mold, grey mould, Botrytis cinerea
Abstract

Complete inhibition of the germination of spores of Botrytis cinerea occurred after a 10 s exposure to 30% ethanol or more at 24oC. Mortality of spores in heated 10% ethanol was higher than in water at the same temperatures. Immersion of naturally infected, freshly harvested table grapes for 30 s in 30% ethanol at 24oC reduced decay approximately 50% after 35 days of storage at 1oC. The addition of ethanol significantly improved the efficacy of a hot water treatment applied to grapes that were inoculated with B. cinerea two hours prior to immersion in heated solutions. Immersion of inoculated, freshly harvested table grapes for 3 min at 30, 40, or 50oC in 10% ethanol reduced decay to 20.7, 6.7, and 0.1 berries/kg after 30 days of storage at 1oC, while decay after immersion in water at these temperatures was 35.9, 17.6, and 1.7 berries/kg, respectively. Immersion for 30 or 60 s at 50, 55, or 60oC in water or 10% ethanol also significantly reduced the number of decayed berries that developed after storage for 30 days at 1oC. The appearance of the rachis and berries, incidence of cracked berries, flesh browning, flavor, weight loss, and berry color were examined and most treatments did not adversely affect these quality parameters. Prompt drying of the fruit after treatment was important to prevent berry cracking.

Published
2004

26. Survival of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures

Author

MLIKOTA GABLER, F., MANSOUR, M.F., SMILANICK, J.L., and MACKEY, B.E.

Subjects
fungi, ethyl alcohol, heat treatment
Abstract

Aims: To quantify and model the toxicity of brief exposures of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata to heated, aqueous ethanol solutions. These fungi are common postharvest decay pathogens of fresh grapes and other produce. Sanitation of produce reduces postharvest losses caused by these and other pathogens. Methods and Results: Spores of the fungi were exposed to solutions containing up to 30% (v/v) ethanol at 25– 50 C for 30 s, then their survival was determined by germination on semisolid media. Logistical, second-order surface-response models were prepared for each fungus. Subinhibitory ethanol concentrations at ambient temperatures became inhibitory when heated at temperatures much lower than those that cause thermal destruction of the spores by water alone. At 40 C, the estimated ethanol concentrations that inhibited the germination of 50% (LD50) of the spores of B. cinerea, A. alternata, A. niger and R. stolonifer were 9Æ 7, 13Æ 5, 19Æ 6 and 20Æ 6%, respectively. Conclusions: Ethanol and heat combinations were synergistic. Control of spores of these fungi could be accomplished with much lower temperatures and ethanol concentrations when combined compared with either used alone. Botrytis cinerea and A. alternata were less resistant to the combination than A. niger or R. stolonifer.

Published
2004

29. Correlations of morphological, anatomical and chemical features of grape berries with resistance to Botrytis cinerea

Author

Mlikota Gabler, F., Smilanick, J., Mansour, M., Ramming, D.W., and Mackey, B.E.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, resistance, grapevine, postharvest infections, Botrytis cinerea, pores, epidermis, cuticle, epicuticular wax, total protein, total phenolics, resveratrol, catechin
Abstract

Resistance of mature berries of grapevine cultivars and selections to postharvest infection by Botrytis cinerea was assessed. Little or no resistance existed in most popular table grape Vitis vinifera cultivars, except in moderately resistant 'Emperor' and 'Autumn Black'. Highly resistant grapes were V. rotundifolia, V. labrusca, or other complex hybrids. Morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of 42 genetically diverse cultivars and selections with various levels of resistance to B. cinerea were examined to determine which features were associated with resistance. We quantified the (i) density of berries within a cluster: (ii) number of pores and lenticels on the berry surface (iii) thickness and number of cell layers in the epidermis and external hypodermis (iv) amount of cuticle and wax ; (v) berry skin protein content (vi) total phenolic content of the skin before and after B. cinerea inoculation ; and (vii) catechin and trans- and cis-resveratrol contents of the skill before and after inoculation. The number of pores was negatively correlated with resistance. Highly resistant cultivars had few or no pores in the berry surface. The number and thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers and cuticle and wax contents were positively correlated with resistance. Other characteristics evaluated were not associated with resistance. Trans-Resveratrol and cis-resveratrol were induced by B. cinerea inoculation only in sensitive and moderately resistant cultivars and selections.

Published
2003

30. Impact of ozonated water on the quality and shelf life of fresh citrus fruit, stone fruit and table grapes

Author

Smilanick, J.L., Margosan, D.M., and Mlikota Gabler, F.

Subjects
fungi, ozone in water, Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii, Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, green mold, sour rot, brown rot, gray mold, peach, citrus fruit, grapes, food and beverages
Abstract

Spores of fungi that cause postharvest decay of fresh fruit die rapidly in ozonated water. We determined the impact of sporocidal or higher O3 doses on fruit shelf-life and quality. Green mold and sour rot on citrus fruit, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, respectively, were not reduced by 20 min immersion in 10 ppm O3. These fungi infect through wounds ; their spores were placed in shallow wounds (1mm wide by 2 mm deep) 24 hr before treatment. On five peach varieties, the average natural incidence of brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, was reduced from 10.9 to 5.4% by 1 min immersion in 1.5 ppm O3. A treatment of 15 min with 5 ppm O3 further reduced decay to 1.7%, but consistent control of brown rot was associated only with this severe treatment and it caused shallow pits on the fruit. Brown rot caused by spores placed in wounds before treatment was not controlled. Immersion for 1 or 5 min in 5 ppm O3 reduced natural aerobic bacteria populations by 1.1 and 1.6 log10 units, respectively, and yeast and filamentous fungal populations by 0.7 and 1.3 log10 units, respectively. Spores of Botrytis cinerea, cause of gray mold, were sprayed on table grape clusters, the clusters were dried, and then immersed for 1 to 6 min in 10 ppm O3. In two tests, immersion for 1 min in O3 reduced gray mold from 35% among untreated grapes to about 10%, while in two other tests the incidence was only reduced from 35 to 26%. Minor injury to the rachis of grape clusters occurred at high O3 rates. Immersion in ozonated water did not control postharvest decay of citrus fruit, injured peaches and nectarines at doses that reliably controlled decay, and on table grapes control was irregular and caused minor rachis injury at high rates.

Published
2002

31. NA49 Results on Single Particle and Correlation Measurements in Central Pb+Pb Collisions

Author

Wang, Fuqiang, Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Buncic, P., Caines, H.L., Carr, L.D., Cebra, D.A., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, John M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, Arthur M., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Snellings, R., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strobele, H., Struck, C., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Voloshin, S., Vranic, D., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Single-particle spectra and two-particle correlation functions measured by the NA49 collaboration in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon are presented. These measurements are used to study the kinetic and chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions. We conclude that large baryon stopping, high baryon density and strong transverse radial flow are achieved in central Pb+Pb collisions at the SPS. Single-particle spectra and two-particle correlation functions measured by the NA49 collaboration in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon are presented. These measurements are used to study the kinetic and chemical freeze-out conditions in heavy ion collisions. We conclude that large baryon stopping, high baryon density and strong transverse radial flow are achieved in central Pb+Pb collisions at the SPS.

Published
2000

32. Two proton correlations from 158-A/GeV Pb + Pb central collisions

Author

Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Betev, L., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Carr, L.D., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gazdzicki, M., Geist, W., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Lednicky, R., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Šuša, Tatjana, Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sammer, T., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Snellings, R., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strobele, H., Struck, Chr., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Voloshin, S., Vranić, Danilo, Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, NA49, heavy ion, correlation function, proton, RQMD, VENUS, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 AGeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models RQMD and VENUS. An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing CHI-square/ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources, yielding 3.85 +-0.15(stat.) +0.60-0.25(syst.) fm. Both the RQMD and the VENUS model are consistent with the data within the error in the correlation peak region.

Published
1999

33. Strangeness measurements in NA49 experiment with Pb projectiles

Author

Margetis, S. Appelshäuser, H. Bächler, J. Bailey, S.J. Barna, D. Barnby, L.S. Bartke, J. Barton, R.A. Bialkowska, H. Billmeier, A. Blyth, C.O. Bock, R. Bormann, C. Brady, F.P. Brockmann, R. Brun, R. Buncic, P. Caines, H.L. Carr, L.D. Cebra, D. Cooper, G.E. Cramer, J.G. Cristinziani, M. Csato, P. Dunn, J. Eckardt, V. Eckhardt, F. Ferguson, M.I. Fischer, H.G. Flierl, D. Fodor, Z. Foka, P. Friese, V. Fuchs, M. Gabler, F. Gal, J. Gazdzicki, M. Gladysz, E. Grebieszkow, J. Günther, J. Harris, J.W. Hegyi, S. Henkel, T. Hill, L.A. Hümmler, H. Irmscher, D. Jacobs, P. Jones, P.G. Kadija, K. Kolesnikov, V.I. Kowalski, M. Lasiuk, B. Lévai, P. Malakhov, A.I. Markert, C. Melkumov, G.L. Mock, A. Molnár, J. Nelson, J.M. Oldenburg, M. Odyniec, G. Palla, G. Panagiotou, A.D. Petridis, A. Piper, A. Porter, R.J. Poskanzer, A.M. Prindle, D.J. Pühlhofer, F. Rauch, W. Reid, J.G. Renfordt, R. Retyk, W. Ritter, H.G. Röhrich, D. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rudolph, H. Rybicki, A. Sandoval, A. Sann, H. Semenov, A.Y. Schäfer, E. Schmischke, D. Schmitz, N. Schönfelder, S. Seyboth, P. Seyerlein, J. Sikler, F. Skrzypczak, E. Snellings, R. Squier, G.T.A. Stock, R. Ströbele, H. Struck, C. Szentpetery, I. Sziklai, J. Trainor, T.A. Trentalange, S. Ullrich, T. Vassiliou, M. Veres, G. Vesztergombi, G. Vranic, D. Wang, F. Weerasundara, D.D. Wenig, S. Whitten, C. Wienold, T. Wood, L. Xu, N. Yates, T.A. Zimanyi, J. Zybert, R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Strangeness measurements in NA49 indicate a strangeness enhancement in Pb + Pb interactions, relative to the elementary nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus collisions. It appears that the magnitude of the enhancement is similar in Pb + Pb and S + nucleus collisions. The enhancement is present in almost every central Pb + Pb collision, the dynamical fluctuations (in strangeness) appear to be minimal. The magnitude of the enhancement increases with the strangeness content of the particle species. The inverse slope systematics indicate the presence of transverse flow in the system. The cascade/lambda ratio is increased relative to elementary collisions.

Published
1999

34. Baryon stopping and charged particle distributions in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158-GeV per nucleon

Author

Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, G.H., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Ganz, R., Gazdzicki, M., Geist, W., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strobele, H., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Vesztergombi, G., Vranić, Danilo, Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment, NA49, heavy ion, stopping, transverse momentum, rapidity, baryon, hadron
Abstract

Net proton and negative hadron spectra for central PbPb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon at the CERN SPS were measured and compared to spectra from lighter systems. Net baryon distributions were derived from those of net protons, utilizing model calculations of isospin contributions as well as data and model calculations of strange baryon distributions. Stopping (rapidity shift with respect to the beam) and mean transverse momentum meanpt of net baryons increase with system size. The rapidity density of negative hadrons scales with the number of participant nucleons for nuclear collisions, whereas their meanpt is independent of system size. The meanpt dependence upon particle mass and system size is consistent with larger transverse flow velocity at midrapidity for PbPb compared to SS central collisions.

Published
1999

35. Reconstruction over a large rapidity interval of lambda, antilambda and K^0_(S) in the NA49 experiment

Author

Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Carr, L.D., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strobele, H., Struck, C., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Vranić, Danilo, Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
NA49, heavy ion, neutral strange particle, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The NA49 experiment is able to measure the production of neutral strange baryons and mesons along with other hadronic species in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon. These strange particles are an important piece of evidence in the search for the quark-gluon plasma. They have been reconstructed from their charged products recorded in the experiment-s time projection chambers. A new round of data production has been undertaken with improved software, allowing the reconstruction of neutral strange particles over a rapidity interval covering both sides of mid-rapidity. The procedures used to obtain this sample are outlined and a comparison of the phase space coverage with respect to previous measurements is made.

Published
1999

36. Baryon Stopping and Charged Particle Distributions in Central Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 GeV per Nucleon

Author

Appelshauser, H Bachler, J Bailey, SJ Barnby, LS Bartke, J Barton, RA Bialkowska, H Billmeier, A Blyth, CO and Bock, R Boimska, B Bormann, C Brady, FP Brockmann, R and Brun, R Buncic, P Caines, HL Cebra, D Cooper, GE and Cramer, JG Csato, P Dunn, J Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F and Ferguson, MI Fischer, HG Flierl, D Fodor, Z Foka, P and Freund, P Friese, V Fuchs, M Gabler, F Gal, J Ganz, R Gazdzicki, M Geist, W Gladysz, E Grebieszkow, J and Gunther, J Harris, JW Hegyi, S Henkel, T Hill, LA and Huang, I Hummler, H Igo, G Irmscher, D Jacobs, P and Jones, PG Kadija, K Kolesnikov, VI Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B and Levai, P Malakhov, AI Margetis, S Markert, C and Melkumov, GL Mock, A Molnar, J Nelson, JM Oldenburg, M and Odyniec, G Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Petridis, A and Piper, A Porter, RJ Poskanzer, AM Poziombka, S Prindle, DJ Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W and Ritter, HG Rohrich, D Roland, C Roland, G Rudolph, H and Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H Semenov, AY Schafer, E and Schmischke, D Schmitz, N Schonfelder, S Seyboth, P and Sikler, F Skrzypczak, E Squier, GTA Stock, R Strobele, H and Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Toy, M Trainor, TA and Trentalange, S Ullrich, T Vassiliou, M Vesztergombi, G and Vranic, D Wang, F Weerasundara, DD Wenig, S Whitten, C and Wienold, T Wood, L Xu, N Yates, TA Zimanyi, J and Zhu, XZ Zybert, R NA49 Collaboration

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Net proton and negative hadron spectra for central Pb + Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron were measured and compared to spectra from lighter systems. Net baryon distributions were derived from those of net protons. Stopping (rapidity shift with respect to the beam) and mean transverse momentum [p(T)] of net baryons increase with system size. The rapidity density of negative hadrons scales with the number of participant nucleons for nuclear collisions, whereas their [p(T)] is independent of system size. The [p(T)] dependence upon particle mass and system size is consistent with larger transverse flow velocity at midrapidity for Pb + Pb compared to S + S central collisions.

Published
1999

37. The NA49 large acceptance hadron detector

Author

Afanasiev, S Alber, T Appelshauser, H Bachler, J Barna, D Barnby, LS Bartke, J Barton, RA Betev, L and Bialkowska, H Bieser, F Billmeier, A Blyth, CO Bock, R and Bormann, C Bracinik, J Brady, FP Brockmann, R Brun, R Buncic, P Caines, HL Cebra, D Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P Cyprian, M Dunn, J Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F Empl, T Eschke, J Ferguson, MI Fessler, H Fischer, HG Flierl, D Fodor, Z Frankenfeld, U Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V Ftacnik, J Fuchs, M Gabler, F Gal, J and Ganz, R Gazdzicki, M Gladysz, E Grebieszkow, J Gunther, J Harris, JW Hegyi, S Henkel, T Hill, LA Hlinka, V and Huang, I Hummler, H Igo, G Irmscher, D Ivanov, M and Janik, R Jacobs, P Jones, PG Kadija, K Kolesnikov, VI and Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B Levai, P Liebicher, K Lynen, U and Malakhov, AI Margetis, S Markert, C Marks, C Mayes, B Melkumov, GL Mock, A Molnar, J Nelson, JM and Oldenburg, M Odyniec, G Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Pestov, Y Petridis, A Pikna, M Pimpl, W Pinsky, L Piper, A and Porter, RJ Poskanzer, AM Poziombka, S Prindle, DJ and Puhlhofer, F Rauch, W Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W and Ritter, HG Rohrich, D Roland, C Roland, G Rudolph, H and Rybicki, A Sammer, T Sandoval, A Sann, H Schafer, E and Schmidt, R Schmischke, D Schmitz, N Schonfelder, S and Semenov, AY Seyboth, J Seyboth, P Seyerlein, J Sikler, F and Sitar, B Skrzypczak, E Squier, GTA Stelzer, H Stock, R Strmen, P Strobele, H Struck, C Susa, T Szarka, I and Szentpetery, I Szymanski, P Sziklai, J Toy, M and Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Ullrich, T Vassiliou, M and Veres, G Vesztergombi, G Vranic, D Wang, FQ and Weerasundara, DD Wenig, S Whitten, C Wieman, H Wienold, T Wood, L Yates, TA Zimanyi, J Zhu, XZ Zybert, R

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The NA49 detector is a wide acceptance spectrometer for the study of hadron production in p + p, p + A, and A + A collisions at the CERN SPS. The main components are 4 large-volume TPCs for tracking and particle identification via dE/dx. TOF scintillator arrays complement particle identification Calorimeters for transverse energy determination and triggering, a detector for centrality selection in p + A collisions, and beam definition detectors complete the set-up. A description of all detector components is given with emphasis on new technical realizations. Performance and operational experience are discussed in particular with respect to the high track density environment of central Pb + Pb collisions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

38. Two-proton correlations from 158 A GeV Pb+Pb central collisions

Author

Appelshauser, H Bachler, J Bailey, SJ Barna, D Barnby, LS Bartke, J Barton, RA Betev, L Bialkowska, H and Billmeier, A Blyth, CO Bock, R Boimska, B Bormann, C and Brady, FP Brockmann, R Brun, R Buncic, P Caines, HL and Carr, LD Cebra, D Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Cristinziani, M and Csata, P Dunn, J Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F Ferguson, MI and Fischer, HG Flierl, D Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P and Friese, V Fuchs, M Gabler, F Gal, J Ganz, R and Gazdzicki, M Geist, W Gladysz, E Grebieszkow, J Gunther, J Harris, JW Hegyi, S Henkel, T Hill, LA Hummler, H and Igo, G Irmscher, D Jacobs, P Jones, PG Kadija, K and Kolesnikov, VI Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B Lednicky, R Levai, P Malakhov, AI Margetis, S Markert, C Melkumov, GL and Mock, A Molnar, J Nelson, JM Oldenburg, M Odyniec, G and Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Petridis, A Piper, A Porter, RJ and Poskanzer, AM Prindle, DJ Puhlhofer, F Susa, T Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG Rohrich, D and Roland, C Roland, G Rudolph, H Rybicki, A Sammer, T and Sandoval, A Sann, H Semenov, AY Schafer, E Schmischke, D and Schmitz, N Schonfelder, S Seyboth, P Sikler, F and Skrzypczak, E Snellings, R Squier, GTA Stock, R and Strobele, H Struck, C Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Toy, M and Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Ullrich, T Vassiliou, M and Veres, G Vesztergombi, G Voloshin, S Vranic, D Wang, F and Weerasundara, DD Wenig, S Whitten, C Wood, L Xu, N and Yates, TA Zimanyi, J Zhu, XZ Zybert, R

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb + Pb central collisions at 158 A GeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models rqmd and venus. An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing chi(2)/ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources, yielding sigma(eff) = 3.85 +/- 0.15(stat.)(-0.25)(+0.60)(syst.) fm. Both the rqmd and the venus model are consistent with the data within the error in the correlation peak region. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

39. Xi- and antiXi+ production in Pb + Pb collisions at 158-GeV per nucleon

Author

Bachler, J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Betev, L., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Boimska, B., Bormann, C., Bracinik, J., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Fischer, H.G., Ftacnik, J., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Hill, L.A., Hlinka, V., Huang, I., Igo, G., Ivanov, M., Jacobs, P., Janik, R., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Konashenok, A., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Mayes, W., Melkumov, G.L., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Pikna, M., Pinsky, L., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Seyboth, P., Sikler, F., Sitar, B., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strmen, P., Strobele, H., Struck, C., Szarka, I., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Vranić, Danilo, Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
NA49, heavy ion, multistrange particle, MTPC, VTPC2, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Preliminary results on multistrange particle production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon are presented. The NA49 experiment provides the capability of performing measurements of multistrange particles in two independent methods. The complementary acceptance of the methods in the MTPC and the VTPC2 detector cover a wide range of rapidity. Transverse mass spectra and rapidity distributions are presented. Preliminary particle ratios are shown and a first estimation of full phase-space multiplicity is completed.

Published
1999

40. Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central Pb plus Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Author

Appelshauser, H Bachler, J Bailey, SJ Barna, D Barnby, LS Bartke, J Barton, RA Betev, L Bialkowska, H and Billmeier, A Blyth, CO Bock, R Boimska, B Bormann, C and Brady, FP Brockmann, R Brun, R Buncic, P Caines, HL and Carr, LD Cebra, D Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Cristinziani, M and Csato, P Dunn, J Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F Ferguson, MI and Fischer, HG Flierl, D Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P and Friese, V Fuchs, M Gabler, F Gal, J Ganz, R and Gazdzicki, M Geist, W Gladysz, E Grebieszkow, J Gunther, J Harris, JW Hegyi, S Henkel, T Hill, LA Hummler, H and Igo, G Irmscher, D Jacobs, P Jones, PG Kadija, K and Kolesnikov, VI Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B Levai, P Malakhov, AI Margetis, S Markert, C Melkumov, GL Mock, A and Molnar, J Nelson, JM Oldenburg, M Odyniec, G Palla, G and Panagiotou, AD Petridis, A Piper, A Porter, RJ and Poskanzer, AM Prindle, DJ Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG and Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG Rohrich, D Roland, C and Roland, G Rudolph, H Rybicki, A Sammer, T Sandoval, A and Sann, H Semenov, AY Schafer, E Schmischke, D and Schmitz, N Schonfelder, S Seyboth, P Seyerlein, J and Sikler, F Skrzypczak, E Snellings, R Squier, GTA Stock, R Strobele, H Struck, C Susa, T Szentpetery, I and Sziklai, J Toy, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Ullrich, T and Vassiliou, M Veres, G Vesztergombi, G Voloshin, S and Vranic, D Wang, F Weerasundara, DD Wenig, S Whitten, C and Wienold, T Wood, L Xu, N Yates, TA Zimanyi, J and Zhu, XZ Zybert, R NA49 Collaboration

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present first data on event-by-event fluctuations in the average transverse momentum of charged particles produced in Pb + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS. This measurement provides previously unavailable information allowing sensitive tests of microscopic and thermodynamic collision models and to search for fluctuations expected to occur in the vicinity of the predicted QCD phase transition. We find that the observed variance of the event-by-event average transverse momentum is consistent with independent particle production modified by the known two-particle correlations due to quantum statistics and final state interactions and folded with the resolution of the NA49 apparatus. For two specific models of non-statistical fluctuations in transverse momentum limits are derived in terms of fluctuation amplitude. We show that a significant part of the parameter space for a model of isospin fluctuations predicted as a consequence of chiral symmetry restoration in a non-equilibrium scenario is excluded by our measurement. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

41. Strangeness measurements in NA49 experiment with Pb projectiles

Author

Margetis, S., Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, Sj, Barna, D., Barnby, Ls, Bartke, J., Baton, Ra, Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, Co, Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, Fp, Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Buncic, P., Caines, Hl, Lincoln Carr, Cebra, D., Cooper, Ge, Cramer, Jg, Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, Mi, Fischer, Hg, Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, Jw, Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, La, Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, Pg, Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, Vi, Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, Ai, Markert, C., Melkumov, Gl, Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, Jm, Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, Ad, Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, Rj, Poskanzer, Am, Prindle, Dj, Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, Jg, Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, Hg, Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, Ay, Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Snellings, R., Squier, Gta, Stock, R., Strobele, H., Struck, C., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, Ta, Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Vranic, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, Dd, Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Xu, N., Yates, Ta, Zimanyi, J., Zhu, Xz, and Zybert, R.

Subjects
NA49, heavy ion, charge strange particle, neutral strange particle, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Charged and neutral strange particle production was studied by the NA49 experiment at CERN. Preliminary inclusive spectra are presented for K^+/-, K^0_S, Phi, Lamda, Antilamda and ksi^+/- particles, measured in a region close to mid-rapidity, for central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon. An enhanced strange particle production relative to properly scaled nucleon-nucleon collisions is observed, but its strength is similar to lighter S + nucleus system. The enhancement is stronger for multistrange particles.

Published
1999

42. HBT correlation in 158 AGeV Pb + Pb collisions

Author

Ganz, R., Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barna, D., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Buncic, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D.A., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cristinziani, M., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, John M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, Arthur M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A.Yu., Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G.T.A., Stock, R., Strobele, H., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Toy, M., Trainor, T.A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Veres, G., Vesztergombi, G., Vranic, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, D.D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Yates, T.A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X.Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The large acceptance TPCs of the NA49 spectrometer allow for a systematic multidimensional study of two-particle correlations in different part of phase space. Results from Bertsch-Pratt and Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii parametrizations are presented differentially in transverse pair momentum and pair rapidity. These studies give an insight into the dynamical space-time evolution of relativistic Pb+Pb collisions, which is dominated by longitudinal expansion.

Published
1998

43. Status and future programme of the NA49 Experiment: addendum-2 to proposal SPSLC/P264

Author

Bächler, J, Barna, D, Barnby, L S, Bartke, Jerzy, Barton, R A, Bialkowska, H, Billmeier, A, Blyth, C O, Böck, R K, Bracinik, J, Brady, F P, Brun, R, Buncic, P, Cooper, G E, Cramer, J G, Cramer, P B, Csató, P, Eckardt, V, Eckhardt, F, Empl, T, Eschke, J, Fischer, H G, Flierl, D, Fodor, Z, Frankenfeld, Ulrich, Foka, P Y, Freund, P, Friese, V, Ftácnik, J, Gabler, F, Gál, J, Gazdzicki, M, Gladysz-Dziadus, E, Grebieszkow, J, Günther, J, Harris, J W, Hegyi, S, Henkel, T, Hlinka, V, Ivanov, M, Igo, G, Janik, R, Jacobs, P, Jones, P G, Kadija, K, Kolesnikov, V I, Kowalski, M, Lasiuk, B, Lévai, Peter, Lynen, U, Malakhov, A I, Margetis, S, Markert, C, Mayes, B W, Melkumov, G L, Molnár, J, Nelson, J M, Oldenburg, M, Odyniec, Grazyna Janina, Pálla, G, Panagiotou, A D, Pestov, Yu N, Petridis, A, Pikna, M, Pinsky, L, Porter, R J, Poskanzer, A M, Poziombka, S, Prindle, D J, Pühlhofer, F, Reid, J G, Renfordt, R E, Retyk, W, Ritter, H G, Röhrich, D, Roland, C, Rybicki, A, Sammer, T, Sandoval, A, Sann, H, Semenov, A Yu, Schäfer, E, Schmidt, R, Schmischke, D, Schmitz, N, Seyboth, P, Siklér, F, Skrzypczak, E, Squier, G T A, Stelzer, H, Stock, Reinhard, Strmen, P, Ströbele, H, Szarka, I, Szentpétery, I, Szymanski, P, Sziklai, J, Toy, M, Trainor, T A, Ullrich, T S, Vassiliou, Maria, Veres, G I, Vesztergombi, G, Vranic, D, Wang, F, Weerasundara, D D, Wenig, S, Whitten, C, Xu, N, Yates, T A, Zimányi, J, and Zhu, X Z

Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Published
1998

44. Xi and (Xi)over-bar production in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb+Pb collisions

Author

Appelhauser, H Bachler, J Bailey, SJ Barna, D Barnby, LS and Bartke, J Barton, RA Bialkowska, H Billmeier, A and Blyth, CO Bock, R Bormann, C Brady, FP Brockmann, R and Brun, R Buncic, P Caines, HL Carr, LD Cebra, D and Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Cristinziani, M Csato, P Dunn, J and Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F Ferguson, MI Fischer, HG and Flierl, D Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V and Fuchs, M Gabler, F Ganz, R Geist, W Gal, J and Gazdzicki, M Gladysz, E Grebieszkow, J Gunther, J and Harris, JW Hegyi, S Henkel, T Hill, LA Hummler, H and Igo, G Irmscher, D Jacobs, P Jones, PG Kadija, K and Kolesnikov, VI Konashenok, A Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B and Levai, P Liu, F Malakhov, AI Margetis, S Markert, C and Melkumov, GL Mock, A Molnar, J Nelson, JM Oldenburg, M and Odyniec, G Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Petridis, A and Piper, A Porter, RJ Poskanzer, AM Prindle, DJ Puhlhofer, F Rauch, W Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG and Rohrich, D Roland, C Roland, G Rudolph, H Rybicki, A and Sandoval, A Sann, H Semenov, AY Schafer, E and Schmischke, D Schmitz, N Schonfelder, S Seyboth, P and Seyerlein, J Sikler, F Skrzypczak, E Snellings, R and Squier, GTA Stock, R Strobele, H Struck, C Susa, T and Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Toy, M Trainor, TA and Trentalange, S Ullrich, T Vassiliou, M Veres, G and Vesztergombi, G Vranic, D Wang, F Weerasundara, DD and Wenig, S Whitten, C Wienold, T Wood, L Xu, N Yates, TA Zimanyi, J Zhu, XZ Zybert, R NA49 Collaboration

Abstract

We report measurements of Xi(-) and (Xi)over-bar(+) hyperon absolute yields as a function of rapidity in 158 GeV/c Ph + Pb collisions. At midrapidity, dN/dy = 2.29 +/- 0 12 for Xi(-), and 0.52 +/- 0.05 for (Xi)over-bar(+), leading to the ratio of (Xi)over-bar(+)/Xi(-) = 0.23 +/- 0.03. Inverse slope parameters fitted to the measured transverse mass spectra are of the order of T approximate to 300 MeV near mid-rapidity. The estimated total yield of Xi(-) particles in Pb+ Pb central interactions amounts to 7.4 +/- 1.0 per collision. Comparison to Xi(-) production in properly scaled p + p reactions at the same energy reveals a dramatic enhancement (about one order of magnitude) of Xi(-) production in Pb + Pb central collisions over elementary hadron interactions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1998

45. Spectator nucleons in Pb + Pb collisions at 158-a-GeV

Author

Appelshauser, H., Baechler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Bunčić, N., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Chan, P., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Cramer, P.B., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Gorodetzky, P., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., and Roland

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Target fragmentation. Ultrarelativistic energies. Multifragmentation, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The composition of forward-going projectile spectator matter in fixed-target Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A ˇ GeV at the CERN SPS has been studied as a function of centrality. The data were measured with the NA49 veto calorimeter. We observe that forward-going spectator matter in central collisions consists of 9 neutrons, 7 protons, and half a deuteron on average. At large impact parameters most spectator nucleons are bound in fragments. The relative resolution of the average impact parameter derived from the measurement of spectator neutrons is roughly 19 percent in the range from zero to half maximum impact parameters.

Published
1998

46. Directed and elliptic flow in 158GeV/nucleon Pb+Pb collisions

Author

Appelshauser, H Bachler, J Bailey, SJ Barnby, LS Bartke, J Barton, RA Bialkowska, H Blyth, CO Bock, R and Bormann, C Brady, FP Brockmann, R Buncic, N Buncic, P and Caines, HL Cebra, D Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P and Dunn, J Eckardt, V Eckhardt, F Ferguson, MI Fischer, HG Flierl, D Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V and Fuchs, M Gabler, F Gal, J Gazdzicki, M Gladysz, E and Grebieszkow, J Gunther, J Harris, JW Hegyi, S and Henkel, T Hill, LA Huang, I Hummler, H Igo, G and Irmscher, D Jacobs, P Jones, PG Kadija, K Kolesnikov, VI and Kowalski, M Lasiuk, B Levai, P Malakhov, AI and Margetis, S Markert, C Melkumov, GL Mock, A Molnar, J and Nelson, JM Odyniec, G Palla, G Panagiotou, AD and Petridis, A Piper, A Porter, RJ Poskanzer, AM Poziombka, S Prindle, DJ Puhlhofer, F Rauch, W Reid, JG and Renfordt, R Retyk, W Ritter, HG Rohrich, D Roland, C and Roland, G Rudolph, H Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H and Semenov, AY Schafer, E Schmischke, D Schmitz, N and Schonfelder, S Seyboth, P Seyerlein, J Sikler, F and Skrzypczak, E Squier, GTA Stock, R Strobele, H and Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Toy, M Trainor, TA and Trentalange, S Ullrich, T Vassiliou, M Vesztergombi, G and Voloshin, S Vranic, D Wang, F Weerasundara, DD Wenig, S and Whitten, C Wienold, T Wood, L Yates, TA Zimanyi, J and Zybert, R NA49 Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The directed and elliptic flow of protons and charged pions has been observed from the semicentral collisions of a 158 GeV/nucleon Ph beam with a Pb target. The rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the flow has been measured. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons but both exhibit negative flow at low p(t). The elliptic flow of both is fairly independent of rapidity but rises with p(t).

Published
1998

47. Hadronic expansion dynamics in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

Author

Appelshauser, H., Baechler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brunn, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Ferenc, D., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Odyniec, G., Oldenberg, M., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., and Roland

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hadron, Nuclear Theory, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Coulomb, Transverse mass, heavy-ion collisions, multistring model venus, source parameters, energy-flow, equilibration, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), NA49 experiment
Abstract

Two-particle correlation functions of negative hadrons over wide phase space, and transverse mass spectra of negative hadrons and deuterons near mid-rapidity have been measured in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. A novel Coulomb correction procedure for the negative two-particle correlations is employed making use of the measured oppositely charged particle correlation. Within an expanding source scenario these results are used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the hadronic source, resolving the ambiguities between the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of the source, that are unavoidable when single and two particle spectra are analysed separately. The source shape, the total duration of the source expansion, the duration of particle emission, the freeze-out temperature and the longitudinal and transverse expansion velocities are deduced.

Published
1998

48. Phi emission in central Pb + Pb collisions at 158-GeV/u

Author

Appelshauser, H., Baechler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., and Roland

Subjects
Mesons, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Data on phi-production obtained by the CERN NA49 experiment for central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/u are presented. Compared with pp interaction the phi-yield shows substantial strangeness enhancement: the phi/pi ratio is found to increase by a factor of 2.6+-0.6, which is approximately the square of the K/pi enhancement.

Published
1998

49. High energy nuclear collisions in the NA49 detector

Author

Strobele, H., Appelshauser, H., Bachler, J., Bailey, S. J., Lee Barnby, Bartke, J., Barton, R. A., Bialkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blyth, C. O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F. P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Buncic, P., Caines, H. L., Cebra, D. A., Cooper, G. E., Cramer, J. G., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M. I., Fischer, H. G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J. W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L. A., Huang, I., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P. G., Kadija, K., Kolesnikov, V. I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Malakhov, A. I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G. L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J. M., Oldenburg, M. D., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A. D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R. J., Poskanzer, A. M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D. J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J. G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H. G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Rudolph, H., Rybicki, A., Sandoval, A., Sann, H., Semenov, A. Yu, Schafer, E., Schmischke, D., Schmitz, N., Schonfelder, S., Seyboth, P., Seyerlein, J., Sikler, F., Skrzypczak, E., Squier, G. T. A., Stock, R., Szentpetery, I., Sziklai, J., Szymanski, P., Toy, M., Trainor, T. A., Trentalange, S., Ullrich, T., Vassiliou, M., Vesztergombi, G., Vranic, D., Wang, F., Weerasundara, D. D., Wenig, S., Whitten, C., Wienold, T., Wood, L., Yates, T. A., Zimanyi, J., Zhu, X. Z., and Zybert, R.

Subjects
Particle Physics - Experiment
Published
1998

50. Directed and elliptic flow in 158-GeV/nucleon Pb + Pb collisions

Author

Appelshauser, H., Baechler, J., Bailey, S.J., Barnby, L.S., Bartke, J., Barton, R.A., Bialkowska, H., Blyth, C.O., Bock, R., Bormann, C., Brady, F.P., Brockmann, R., Brun, R., Bunčić, P., Caines, H.L., Cebra, D., Cooper, G.E., Cramer, J.G., Csato, P., Dunn, J., Eckardt, V., Eckhardt, F., Ferguson, M.I., Fischer, H.G., Flierl, D., Fodor, Z., Foka, P., Freund, P., Friese, V., Fuchs, M., Gabler, F., Gal, J., Gazdzicki, M., Gladysz, E., Grebieszkow, J., Gunther, J., Harris, J.W., Hegyi, S., Henkel, T., Hill, L.A., Hummler, H., Igo, G., Irmscher, D., Jacobs, P., Jones, P.G., Kadija, Krešo, Kolesnikov, V.I., Kowalski, M., Lasiuk, B., Levai, P., Liu, F., Malakhov, A.I., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Melkumov, G.L., Mock, A., Molnar, J., Nelson, J.M., Oldenburg, M., Odyniec, G., Palla, G., Panagiotou, A.D., Petridis, A., Piper, A., Porter, R.J., Poskanzer, A.M., Poziombka, S., Prindle, D.J., Puhlhofer, F., Rauch, W., Reid, J.G., Renfordt, R., Retyk, W., Ritter, H.G., Rohrich, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., and Rudolph, H.

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The directed and elliptic flow of protons and charged pions has been observed from the semi-central collisions of a 158 GeV/nucleon Pb beam with a Pb target. The rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the flow has been measured. The directed flow of the pions is opposite to that of the protons but both exhibit negative flow at low pt. The elliptic flow of both is fairly independent of rapidity but rises with pt.

Published
1998

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