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The N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1, GPE is neuroprotective when given intracerebroventricularly 2 h after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in rats. We have now examined whether GPE can cross the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective actions following intravenous administration. Following a single bolus intravenous injection, GPE was rapidly metabolized and cleared from the circulation. The short half-life (

This paper presents the results of a study evaluating three different Variable Message Sign (VMS) technologies: shuttered fiberoptic, light emitting diode (LED), and electro-magnetic flip disk. The technologies were evaluated for target value, legibility distance, and viewing comfort.

A quantitative model is presented which accurately reproduces the time activity curve of the human left ventricular blood pool. Four parameters receive numerical values and may be of clinical value.

A cytochemical study of vascular and cellular development in fetal adipose tissue was conducted utilizing 10 plant lectins (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled), antibodies against laminin, types II and IV collagen, and a probe for actin. Throughout fetal development (50-110 days) blood vessels were stained by galactose binding lectins and stained for actin, type IV collagen, and laminin. Adipocyte reactivity for laminin was strong throughout development, whereas adipocyte staining for type IV collagen and several lectins increased from weak to moderate between 70 and 110 days of fetal life. In general, staining intensity for lectins was greater for blood vessels than for adipocytes at every age, and staining for lectins and type IV collagen was detected much earlier on blood vessels than on adipocytes. However, the ontogeny and intensity of laminin staining were similar for developing adipocytes and vasculature. Adipocyte staining by several lectins was dependent on location within the tissue, whereas blood vessel lectin staining was not location-dependent. Neuraminidase pretreatment abolished the variation in cellular lectin staining due to location (within the tissue) but did not alter age-related changes in cellular staining. This study indicates that the differentiation of the extracellular matrix of blood vessels and adipocytes is clearly distinct in regard to glycoconjugate composition and temporal pattern of glycoconjugate and type IV collagen deposition.

La recherche de topotypes de Rhithrogena nivata (Eaton, 1871) a permis de retrouver cette espece pour la premiere fois depuis sa description. Des imagos [math] et [math] ont ete obtenues par elevage de larves. Les genitalia des [math] sont identiques a ceux du seul exemplaire restant de la serie type (lectotype, British Museum). Les imagos sont redecrites.

Description illustree de la larve au dernier stade de Baetis cyrneus n.sp. Cette espece, rencontree en Corse, appartient au groupe alpinus : elle est comparee a cette derniere espece et a B. punicus Thomas, Boumaiza et Soldan.

Premiere redescription, a partir de specimens de la collection J. Aubert (Musee zoologique de Lausanne), des imagos mâles de Rhithrogena gorrizi et de Rh. castellana Navas. L'imago femelle et les subimagos mâles et femelles de Rh. castellana sont decrites pour la premiere fois. Cette derniere espece etait tombee dans l'oubli depuis sa description originale. La synonymie Rh. comitissa Navas 1933 = Rh. gorrizi est en outre proposee.

29 stations lotiques ont ete prospectees en Vallee d'Ossau (Pyrenees-Atlantiques) entre 450 et 2 150 m d'altitude et 30 especes d'Ephemeropteres recoltees. Deux analyses factorielles des correspondances — dont l'une tenant compte des parametres du milieu — ainsi qu'une classification ascendante hierarchique ont ete effectuees. Les 5 groupements d'especes mis en evidence correspondent : I aux ruisseaux tres froids de haute altitude, II aux torrents de moyenne montagne et aux ruisseaux de haute altitude a temperatures estivales elevees, II a aux rivieres de piemont, III a aux ruisseaux assez lents et a forte teneur en calcium, III b aux ruisseaux a faible courant et a fond vaseux riche en macrophytes. Le regime thermique et la vitesse du courant apparaissent nettement comme les principaux facteurs de repartition en montagne. L'altitude , la surface du bassin-versant, le numero d'ordre du cours d'eau, le regime hydraulique et les caracteristiques physico-chimiques jouent aussi un role important. Les preferences ecologiques des principales especes sont discutees.

The effects of trace amounts of bismuth, lead, selenium, tellurium and thallium on the creep and stress rupture performance of the cast alloy MAR-M 002 have been investigated at 850°C. The results show that, while each impurity (with the possible exception of thallium) has a harmful influence, bismuth and tellurium are the most detrimental; this is consistent with the greater tendency for these elements to segregate to grain boundary surfaces. Metallographic examination has shown that the presence of an impurity element caused an increased rate of production of grain boundary microcracks, which resulted in shorter lives to rupture and reduced ductility. The results are shown to be consistent with the fact that cavity nucleation is proportional to strain and it is suggested, on the basis of current models of cavity growth, that a larger effect of impurities on ductility would have been observed if tests had been performed at lower stresses.

Description illustree de la larve (au dernier stade) de Baetis punicus n. sp. Cette espece, rencontree dans le Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie, appartient au groupe alpinus : elle est comparee a cette derniere espece et a B. maurus Kimmins.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from fetuses removed from pregnant obese (Ossabaw) and lean (crossbred) sows at three stages of gestation (70, 90, and 110 days). Histochemical analysis for nucleoside phosphatase (NPase), alkaline phosphatase (APase), and NADH tetrazoleum reductase (NADH-TR) was conducted on fresh-frozen cryostat sections. Age- associated changes in NPase and NADH-TR reactions in the arteriolar system were correlated with the morphological development of the medial layer of arterioles and arteries. For instance, a strong NPase reaction in small arterioles was associated temporally with the assumption of a normal smooth muscle cell morphology and arrangement in the medial layer. In the youngest fetuses, strong NADH-TR reactions were only evident in small and presumptive arterioles and venules (associated with fat cells). Little NADH-TR reactivity was evident in larger arterioles and venules in 70-day tissue. Arteries and large arterioles were distinguished from veins and venules (strong reactions vs. weak reactions) with NADH-TR and NPase reactions in the oldest fetuses. In the younger fetuses, the NPase distinction (arterioles vs. veinules) was obvious before NADH-TR distinction. Small adipocyte-associated vessels were APase positive in the youngest fetuses, but APase reactivity was limited to short segments of vessel between arterioles and capillaries in the oldest fetuses. With the following exceptions, all the above observations were independent of fetal strain. In obese fetuses (110 day) small venules and small arterioles were equally reactive for NPase activity. Capillaries in obese fetuses (110 day) were NADH-TR reactive, whereas no activity was evident in capillaries from lean fetuses (110 day). The histology of intimal and medial vessel walls was independent of fetal strain. However, at every fetal age the adventitial layer of large arterioles and the collagenous stroma (around fat cell clusters) was thicker and better organized in obese fetuses. In the present study, differential enzyme histochemistry was utilized to distinguish the differentiation of small adipocyte-associated arterioles from larger arterioles. Furthermore, structural evidence of the arteriolar system clearly precedes metabolic and histological differentiation of tunica media cells. Finally, metabolic and structural traits of the stromal vascular cells of adipose tissue were sensitive to a fetal obese pheno-type.

Abstract Several methods of analyzing pressure build-up data in wells have beenpresented by various authors. This paper reviews the theory and method of D. R.Horner and presents example calculations performed on data obtained by testingseveral different types of wells. These calculations include,graphicalestimation of final static pressure,determination of the productivecapacity of the pay away from the well bore and,the degree to which theformation adjacent to the well bore has been damaged by completion or othercauses. The methods of testing and precautions which should be taken to assurethe best data possible are discussed. Limitations and reliability of calculatedresults are also treated. Introduction Pressure testing of wells is generally limited to the determination ofproducing and static mean formation pressures. The so-called "static" pressure determinations, along with PVT, electric log and production data, enable the reservoir engineer to determine, within reasonable limits, the drivemechanism of the reservoir and in some cases, the amount of edge waterencroachment. Producing pressure tests enable calculation of productivityindices and allow the engineer to plan the systematic production of a poolfor optimum conservation of subsurface energy. The radial flow formula advanced by Muskat has been based on the assumptionof incompressible radial fluid flow. It has been known that reservoir fluids donot behave in an ideally incompressible manner. For example, incompressibleflow theory indicates a simple logarithmic relationship between the differenceof the instantaneous and static well pressures when plotted against time. Thelatter stages of this type of plot of pressure build-up data generally show amarked deviation from the earlier straight line trend, which deviation may beshown to be due to the compressible flow of fluids toward the well bore.Shut-in times of 24, 48, 72, or at most 96 hours are currently in wide use fordetermining so-called "static" reservoir pressure. Due to thecontinuation of compressible flow of fluids into the well bore long after thisarbitrarily taken shut-in time, the determination of static pressures hasalmost invariably resulted in lower than equilibrium values. Materials balancecalculations made early in the life of a reservoir often result in a calculatedreserve which later observations prove to be too low. Failure to obtainreliable "static" reservoir pressures within the prescribed 24 or48-hour build-up period has undoubtedly been a major factor in obtaining theselow estimates. Comparison of theoretical and actual productivity performance has indicated that formation damage and not being able to attaintrue static pressures have been partially responsible for the observeddiscrepancies. T.P. 3542

The influence of antilipemic doses of nicotinic acid on carbohydrate tolerance, plasma insulin levels after oral glucose administration, serum uric acid levels, and renal excretion and clearance of uric acid was investigated in man. After a stabilization period of 1 wk, five subjects were given nicotinic acid, 1.5 g three times daily for 4 wk, under dietetically controlled conditions. Two of the subjects had normal oral glucose tolerance tests and the others, abnormal, prior to drug administration. Oral glucose (75 g) tolerance tests were performed twice prior to and weekly during drug administration and 1 wk after drug discontinuation. Twice weekly, throughout the 6 wk study, fasting plasma levels of uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and immunoreactive insulin were determined. Insulin levels were also determined on each plasma sample during glucose tolerance tests. Rates of uric acid excretion were measured daily in two subjects. During drug administration, all subjects sustained increases, above predrug values, of plasma uric acid and of glucose after glucose tolerance tests. Glucosuria and ketonuria also ensued. Since plasma insulin levels increased along with glucose in nondiabetics, the data suggest that inhibition of insulin release is not the mechanism by which carbohydrate intolerance is produced or intensified. Renal excretion and clearance of uric acid decreased 50% and 75%, respectively; hence, the increases in plasma uric acid concentrations may be due, in whole or in part, to diminished renal clearance. Such diminished clearance may result from altered tubular handling of urate by keto acids and/or nicotinic acid and its metabolites.

The effect of upper motor neuron regulation on the development of the semitendinosus muscle was studied in the fetus. A region of the fetal spinal cord at the level of the upper cervical vertebrae was destroyed by cauterization at 45 days of gestation. Fetuses with intact spinal cords served as controls. One cauterized fetus and one control fetus were obtained from each of six crossbred sows at 110 days of gestation. From each fetus one semitendinosus muscle was removed for histochemistry and the contralateral muscle was removed, weighed and utilized for biochemical analyses. Body weights and muscle weights were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) between the two groups. Transverse sections (cryostat) of muscle were stained for lipid and the following enzymes: acid ATPase, NADH-TR, and esterase. Lipid and enzyme cytochemistry showed that sections from cauterized and control fetuses had identical fiber type patterns. Motor endplates, as studied with esterase reactions, were not affected by spinal cord cauterization. Mean values for percentage of muscle dry weight, DNA, RNA, protein, glycogen content and minimum fiber diameters were similar for cauterized and control fetuses (p greater than 0.05). These data illustrate that in the porcine fetus the central nervous system proximal to the alpha-motoneuron exerts little control over muscle cell development.

Computerization of the directional surveys for the Huntington Beach offshore field aided materially in successful secondary-recovery operations under adverse conditions. A very detailed and accurate geologic study of the reservoirs was necessary for waterflooding and steam-stimulation operations in the thick, intensely faulted sandstone sections. The computer was used to recalculate the directional surveys, interpolate the geologic markers, and establish End_Page 559------------------------------ a data file. Angle averaging was chosen as the most practical and accurate method of computing the survey. Programs were written to plot tops for maps and to project the tops into a vertical plane for cross sections. The final result was a geologic interpretation that was consistent for 5 maps and 43 cross sections. The computer also was used to plot the well courses. Many wells had to be redrilled for the secondary-recovery program. The courses have to be controlled closely to avoid collisions and to make effective completions. The data file is searched for wells that might interfere with the proposed course. These are plotted so the drilling engineer will be aware of potential problems. The software development and computer costs were minor compared with charges for conventional engineering and geologic studies and for data preparation. The method is practical and easy to use, and has been applied to other fields in California. End_of_Article - Last_Page 560

Prednisolone and methylprednisolone were administered orally to dogs for 6 weeks in daily doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg. Triamcinolone was similarly administered to dogs in doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 5.0 mg/kg. Two of four dogs which received triamcinolone at the rate of 5.0 mg/kg and three of four which received the same drug at the rate of 2.5 mg/kg died during the study. No deaths were produced by prednisolone or methylprednisolone. Significant loss of body weight and diuresis, as well as marked falls in hemoglobin content and packed cell volumes were produced by triamcinolone. These effects were minimal in the animals given the other steroids.