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1. S290: ATRA CAN CORRECT DEFECTIVE HIF-1Α/S1P AXIS-MEDIATED CYTOSKELETAL REORGANIZATION IN PROPLATELET FORMATION OF ITP

Author: Q.-S. Huang, J. Xue, F.-Q. Liu, Q. Chen, G.-C. Zhang, X.-Y. Sun, C.-C. Wang, L.-P. Yang, Y.-Y. Li, Q.-F. Wang, J. Peng, M. Hou, X.-J. Huang, and X.-H. Zhang
Subjects: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Published: 2022
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2. Synthesis, Characterization and Emulsifying Property of the Polyamide Elastomer with Favorable Self-healing Performance

Author: J. D. Li, G. C. Zhang, J. J. Ge, W. L. Qiao, P. Jiang, and H. H. Pei
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites
Published: 2021
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3. Source-to-sink system for peat accumulation in marginal basins of the South China Sea with the Qiongdongnan Basin as an example

Author: Guangzeng Song, Dongdong Wang, Wang Pingli, G.-C. Zhang, Haiyan Liu, Liu Ying, Li Xiaojing, Z. X. Li, and Yue Li
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Peat, South china, business.industry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Coal mining, Geochemistry, respiratory system, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, respiratory tract diseases, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Coal, Source to sink, business, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In the coal-bearing deposits of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea, coal seams are for the most part extremely thin, typically less than 0.5 m. Coal streaks are commonly observed but are...
Published: 2020
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4. Refined balloon pulmonary angioplasty for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a prospective multicenter registry

Author: Y-P Zhou, Y-P Wei, Y-J Yang, F-H Peng, B-X Wu, C Hong, Q Tong, X-P Cui, G-C Zhang, Y-S Cao, D-L Wang, X-Q Xu, X Jiang, and Z-C Jing
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): the National Key Research and Development Program of China Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis if left untreated. Pulmonary endarterectomy is the standard treatment for CTEPH, but around 40% of CTEPH patients are non-eligible for surgery. Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of refined balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for inoperable CTEPH in a prospective multicenter registry from China. Methods We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study using the data from National Rare Disease Registry System of China. Total 140 consecutive patients with inoperable CTEPH who completed BPA between Jan 2016 and Dec 2020 were enrolled. The key efficacy outcomes were changes from baseline to re-evaluation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and six-minute walking distance. The safety outcomes were procedure-related complications. The survival outcome was all-cause mortality. Results Among the 140 patients who completed BPA, the mean age at diagnosis was 58 ± 14 years and 60.0% were female. At re-evaluation, the least-squares mean change from baseline was -18.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], -19.9 to -16.6, P < 0.001) in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, -5.3 Wood U (95% CI, -5.9 to -4.6, P < 0.001) in pulmonary vascular resistance, and 87 meters (95% CI, 74 to 101, P < 0.001) in six-minute walking distance. BPA procedure-related complications occurred in 109 of 650 BPA sessions (16.8%), but severe complications requiring noninvasive positive pressure ventilation only occurred in 4 (0.6%) BPA sessions. During a mean follow-up time of 32 ± 14 months, 4 patients died, including 2 peri-procedural deaths, contributing to the survival rates of 97.8% (95% CI, 93.4 to 99.3) at 1 year and 96.9% (95% CI, 91.9 to 98.8) at 3 and 5 years. Conclusion Refined BPA appears to be an effective therapeutic option for inoperable CTEPH patients with acceptable safety profiles. Abstract Figure. Images of BPA Efficacy in a Patient Abstract Figure. Efficacy outcomes of BPA
Published: 2022
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5. [Efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]

Author: B W, Jin, G C, Zhang, Q S, Shen, and K, Long
Subjects: Adult, Male, Treatment Outcome, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Angioplasty, Chronic Disease, Humans, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Embolism, Angioplasty, Balloon, Aged
Published: 2022

6. Clinical features and survival in pulmonary Takayasu's arteritis associated pulmonary hypertension: a national registry study

Author: Y.-J Zhu, X Jiang, F.-H Peng, L Wang, W Ma, Y.-S Cao, X Pan, G.-C Zhang, F Zhang, F.-L Fan, B.-X Wu, W Huang, Z.-W Yang, C Hong, and Z.-C Jing
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background The clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with pulmonary Takayasu's arteritis associated pulmonary hypertension (PTA-PH) have not been well studied. Purpose To assess the clinical characteristics and long-term survival outcome in patients with PTA-PH. Methods We conducted a multi-center cohort study using the clinical, functional, and hemodynamic data from the National Rare Diseases Registry System of China. Patients with Takayasu's arteritis and pulmonary artery involvement, who fulfilled the 1990 American College of Rheumatology and/or modified Ishikawa criteria, from 13 referral centers of China, were included. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was confirmed by right heart catheterization findings. The primary outcome was time from diagnosis of PTA-PH to the occurrence of all-cause death. Results Between Jan. 2007 and Jan. 2019, a total of 140 patients with PTA-PH were included, with a mean age of 41.4±14.3 years at diagnosis, and a female predominance (81%). The most common symptoms were exertional dyspnea (91%) and hemoptysis (36%). The majority of patients (87%) exhibited bilateral pulmonary artery involvement. Pulmonary lobar artery was the most frequently affected vessel (100%), followed by segmental artery (82%) and left/right pulmonary artery trunk (49%). Severely compromised hemodynamic profiles were identified in these patients, indicating by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (48, interquartile range [IQR] 38–59 mm Hg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (9.4, IQR 5.7–13.3 Wood U). The overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates in PTA-PH were 94.0%, 83.2%, and 77.2%, respectively (Figure). Predictors associated with increased risk of all-cause death were the presence of syncope (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.62–14.74; p=0.005), N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide level (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; p Conclusions In this national registry study, the reported clinical features and long-term prognosis of patients with PTA-PH are novel findings. These findings may provide new insights on this specific pulmonary hypertension entity. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program of China Kaplan-Meier plot for survival rate
Published: 2021
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7. Coal seam development characteristics and distribution predictions in marginal sea basins: Oligocene Yacheng Formation coal measures, Qiongdongnan Basin, northern region of the South China Sea

Author: Guangzeng Song, Q. Mao, Z. X. Li, G. C. Zhang, Dongdong Wang, and G. Q. Dong
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, South china, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Coal mining, Geochemistry, Distribution (economics), Coal measures, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Source rock, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Coal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patt...
Published: 2019
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8. Galerkin Analyses of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Based on Superharmonic Resonances

Author: G. C. Zhang, B. Zhang, and J. Y. Chen
Subjects: Physics, Nonlinear system, Subharmonic function, Quadratic equation, Continuous modelling, Differential equation, Ordinary differential equation, Mathematical analysis, Galerkin method, Displacement (vector)
Abstract: This paper discusses two superharmonic resonances of a nonlinear cantilever-type piezoelectric energy harvester. The nonlinearity is provided by the magnetic force acting at the free end of the cantilever. The mathematical model is an integro-partial differential equation with nonlinear boundary conditions. The conventional Galerkin method is limited. We intend to apply Galerkin method to the initial-boundary value problem by exchanging two original steps. Then, the continuous model is truncated into a set of ordinary differential equations. The method of multiple time scales can be employed to approximately analyze the problem. Two superharmonic resonances are found owing to the resulting quadratic and cubic nonlinearities, respectively. The time histories of displacement and voltage are formulated near the second- or third-order superharmonic resonance. They are numerically verified by the Runge-Kutta method.
Published: 2021
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9. [The value of the planned neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for the non-radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]

Author: W J, Ni, W, Deng, Z F, Xiao, Z M, Zhou, X, Wang, D F, Chen, Q F, Feng, J, Liang, J M, Lyu, N, Bi, L, Deng, T, Zhang, W Q, Wang, Q, Xue, S G, Gao, J W, Mu, Y S, Mao, D L, Wang, J, Zhao, Y S, Gao, J F, Huang, F W, Tan, L, Zhao, F, Lyu, and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Survival Rate, Esophageal Neoplasms, Humans, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Chemoradiotherapy, Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Prognosis, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies
Published: 2019

10. Influences of hucMSC-exosomes on VEGF and BMP-2 expression in SNFH rats

Author: R, Li, C, Chen, R-Q, Zheng, L, Zou, G-L, Hao, and G-C, Zhang
Subjects: Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Femur Head Necrosis, Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Humans, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Exosomes, Rats, Umbilical Cord
Abstract: To investigate the influences of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-exosome) on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (SNFH) and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in rats.A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into SNFH group and SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group using a random number table. Prednisolone acetate (24.5 mg/kg) was injected twice a week to establish the rat model of SNFH, and hucMSC-exosome in a certain dose was additionally injected into the marrow cavity in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group. After 3 weeks, the influences of hucMSC-exosome on the pathological changes and apoptosis of the femoral head in SNFH rats were detected via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, the expressions of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), VEGF, and BMP-2 in bone tissues in both groups were detected via immunohistochemical staining, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of VEGF and BMP-2 in necrotic bone tissues in both groups were detected via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.The results of HE staining revealed that the fibrous callus formation was good, the new trabecular structure was more obvious, the number of vacuum cleft declined, and there were fewer enlarged adipocytes in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group compared with SNFH group. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in femoral head tissues was smaller in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p0.05). According to the results of immunohistochemistry, hucMSC-exosome could increase the expression of vascular endothelial marker CD31 in SNFH rats (p0.05). Besides, the results of RT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting manifested that both the mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2 and VEGF in femoral head tissues were significantly increased in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p0.05).HucMSC-exosome can improve SNFH in rats, whose mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGF and BMP-2 by exosomes.
Published: 2019

11. P058 Chemokine CCL18 enriched in synovial fluid is involved in joint destruction through promoting migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis

Author: Y.-Q. Mo, Jian-Da Ma, Lie Dai, G.-C. Zhang, and Jun Jing
Subjects: Chemokine, biology, business.industry, CCL18, medicine.disease, In vitro, Pathogenesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Rheumatoid arthritis, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Synovial fluid, Neutralizing antibody, business, Fibroblast
Abstract: Career situation of first and presenting author Young investigator. Introduction CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) which is either constitutively expressed or induced in monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells has been reported to be highly expressed in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with healthy controls, indicating the possible role of CCL18 in the development and pathogenesis of RA. Objectives To explore the association of serum and synovial fluid CCL18 with clinical and radiographic outcome in RA and its potential effect on RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Methods Consecutive patients with active RA (DAS28-CRP>2.6) were recruited. Synovial fluid was collected from inflamed joints if available. Demographic and clinical data were collected according to the 2017 EULAR recommendation. Serum and synovial fluid CCL18 was detected by ELISA. RA-FLS was cultured in vitro with RA synovial fluid and neutralizing antibody to CCL18. Migration/invasion ability was analyzed by Transwell assay. Results Among 83 RA patients, age (median and IQR, similarly hereinafter) was 50 (41∼58) years old and 65 patients (78%) were female, with median disease duration 36 (12∼102) months, median DAS28-CRP 5.0 (4.6∼6.1). Serum CCL18 was 107 (80∼126) ng/mL, which was significantly higher than healthy controls [n=25, 51 (29∼70) ng/mL, p Synovial fluid CCL18 of 31 patients was 719 (415∼1271) ng/mL, which was significantly higher than corresponding serum level (Paired test, p When incubated with RA synovial fluid, the migration ability of RA-FLS was significantly increased; but this effect was Inhibited by neutralizing antibody to CCL18. Conclusions CCL18 elevates especially in synovial fluid of RA patients, which may correlate with one-year radiographic progression through promoting migration of RA-FLS. Disclosure of Interest None declared.
Published: 2019
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12. Coal seam development characteristics and distribution predictions in marginal sea basins: Oligocene Yacheng Formation coal measures, Qiongdongnan Basin, northern region of the South China Sea

Author: D-D. Wang, G-Q. Dong, G-C. Zhang, Z-X. Li, Q. Mao, and G-Z. Song
Subjects: technology, industry, and agriculture, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, respiratory system, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract: Coal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patterns of coal seams in coal measures of a marginal sea basin are systematically outlined. Coal measures in marginal sea basins can have large thicknesses, but the individual coal seams can be very thin and lack lateral continuity. In the study area, the organic micro-components of the coal are dominated by vitrinite, with very low amounts of inertinite and liptinite. The amount of inorganic microscopic components is large, but with limited drilling results, few cores and thin coal seams, which are easily overlooked during logging activities, a comprehensive analysis of the logging data may improve efficiency in coal-seam identification and thickness determination. The development and distribution of coal seams in marginal sea basins are controlled by various factors, including (1) paleoclimatic and paleobotanic conditions, which could fundamentally limit coal formation, (2) coal-forming sedimentary environmental conditions that may limit the scope of coal-seam development from a macroscopic perspective, and (3) paleotectonic and paleotopographic conditions that define the coal-forming structures. Therefore, the descending and rising cycles of base-levels, along with changes in the growth rates of the accommodation spaces, can be used to determine the horizons that are potentially favourable for coal formation and can also indicate the migration trends of coal-forming environments on the structural plane. Seismic wave impedance inversion methods could be utilised for semi-quantitative assistance for prediction of coal seams. In summary, for models of coal-seam development in marginal sea basins, the grades should be divided according to reliability, and the different reliability levels should be predicted separately.The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described.The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained.A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors.A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented. The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described. The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained. A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors. A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented.
Published: 2019
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13. Biological characteristics of osteoclast exosomes and their role in the osteogenic differentiation of somatic cells prior to osteogenesis

Author: C, Chen, R Q, Zheng, X C, Cao, and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Mice, Osteoblasts, RAW 264.7 Cells, Osteogenesis, Animals, Osteoclasts, Cell Differentiation, Exosomes
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of osteoclast exocrine bodies and their role in the differentiation of somatic cells, so as to find out the key factors involved in osteoclast exosomatic growth and osteogenesis. RANKL (Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand) induced factor was used to induce the osteoclast differentiation of Raw 264.7 cells, and TRAP (Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) staining was employed to identify induced cells. Ultra-filtration centrifugation was used to separate OC-exosomes from osteoclast supernatant, while Western blot was employed to detect the expression characteristics of exosomal proteins CD9 and CD63. PKH67 labeled exosomes were observed to target kusao cells, which were divided into 3 groups, i.e., the complete medium group (group A), the osteoblast induced group (group B), and the osteogenesis induced liquid + OC-exosomes group (group C). The medium was changed on the next day and after 14-day culture. Using Western blot, alizarin red staining and Von Kossa silver staining, the role of OC-exosomes in the differentiation of kusao cells was clarified. Results showed that TRAP staining showed osteoclasts as irregular and TRAP positive giant cells with a red multicore and a large volume. Microcapsule membrane structures with a uniform size were detected in osteoclast supernatant, and the expression of CD9 and CD63 proteins was confirmed by Western blot. In addition, the Western blot results showed that the expression of RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) protein in group B was 1.254 times of that in group A and 2.636 times of that in group C. Furthermore, alizarin red staining showed that the ratios of calcium salt deposition area to the total area in group A, group B and group C were 0.208%, 3.469%, and 20.724%, respectively. Von Kossa silver staining showed that the ratios of calcium salt deposition area to the total area in group A, group B and group C were 0.064%, 2.636%, and 20.872%, respectively. To sum up, OC-exosomes can promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast cells (kusao cells).
Published: 2018

14. PF805 INCIDENCE, CLINICAL FEATURES, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES OF REFRACTORY ACQUIRED IMMUNE THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA: A CHINESE MULTI-CENTER EXPERIENCE

Author: X. Liu, X. Cai, Q.-S. Huang, J. Wu, J.-Y. Zhang, J.-H. Zhang, M. Mao, G.-C. Zhang, X.-H. Zhang, Y.-L. Nie, C.-C. Wang, X.-J. Huang, R.-Y. Gui, C.-M. Yang, Y.-F. Cheng, L.-H. Yang, Q.-J. Zhu, M.-Y. Fang, and L. Sun
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Immune system, Refractory, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Hematology, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2019
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15. Minimum damping profile of micro/nano-robot and as the carrier for drug delivery: theory study

Author: L. X. Yang, G. C. Zhang, B. Peng, J. Guo, and N. Fan
Subjects: History, Engineering drawing, Search engine, Thesaurus (information retrieval), Computer science, Drug delivery, Micro nano, Robot, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2019
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16. Loss of surface N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor proteins in mouse cortical neurones during anaesthesia induced by chloral hydrate in vivo

Author: A. LacKamp, E.E. Fibuch, Limin Mao, G.-C. Zhang, and John Q. Wang
Subjects: Male, Anesthetics, General, Chloral hydrate, Hypothermia, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Mice, medicine, Animals, Chloral Hydrate, Receptor, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, business.industry, Neurosciences and Neuroanaesthesia, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Glutamate receptor, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, nervous system, Membrane protein, Anesthesia, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, NMDA receptor, sense organs, business, Intracellular, medicine.drug, Ionotropic effect
Abstract: Background Anaesthetics may target ionotropic glutamate receptors in brain cells to produce their biological actions. Membrane-bound ionotropic glutamate receptors undergo dynamic trafficking between the surface membrane and intracellular organelles. Their subcellular distribution is subject to modulation by changing synaptic inputs and determines the efficacy and strength of excitatory synapses. It has not been explored whether anaesthesia has any impact on surface glutamate receptor expression. In this study, the effect of general anaesthesia on expression of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the surface and intracellular pools of cortical neurones was investigated in vivo . Methods General anaesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate in adult male mice. Surface protein cross-linking assays were performed to detect changes in distribution of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) in the surface and intracellular compartments of cerebral cortical neurones. Results Chloral hydrate did not alter the total amounts of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B proteins in cortical neurones. However, the drug reduced NR1 proteins in the surface pool of these neurones, and induced a proportional increase in NR1 in the intracellular pool. Similar redistribution of NR2B subunits was observed between the two distinct pools. The changes in NR1 and NR2B were rapid and remained throughout the duration of anaesthesia. NR2A proteins were not altered in the surface or intracellular pool in response to chloral hydrate. Conclusions These data demonstrate that subcellular expression of NR1 and NR2B in cortical neurones is sensitive to anaesthesia. Chloral hydrate reduces surface-expressed NMDA receptors (specifically NR2B-containing NMDA receptors) in these neurones in vivo .
Published: 2009
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17. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. 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Molinari, M. Møller, A.B. Mollereau, B. Mollinedo, F. Mongillo, M. Monick, M.M. Montagnaro, S. Montell, C. Moore, D.J. Moore, M.N. Mora-Rodriguez, R. Moreira, P.I. Morel, E. Morelli, M.B. Moreno, S. Morgan, M.J. Moris, A. Moriyasu, Y. Morrison, J.L. Morrison, L.A. Morselli, E. Moscat, J. Moseley, P.L. Mostowy, S. Motori, E. Mottet, D. Mottram, J.C. Moussa, C.E.-H. Mpakou, V.E. Mukhtar, H. Levy, J.M.M. Muller, S. Muñoz-Moreno, R. Muñoz-Pinedo, C. Münz, C. Murphy, M.E. Murray, J.T. Murthy, A. Mysorekar, I.U. Nabi, I.R. Nabissi, M. Nader, G.A. Nagahara, Y. Nagai, Y. Nagata, K. Nagelkerke, A. Nagy, P. Naidu, S.R. Nair, S. Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, H. Nanjundan, M. Napolitano, G. Naqvi, N.I. Nardacci, R. Narendra, D.P. Narita, M. Nascimbeni, A.C. Natarajan, R. Navegantes, L.C. Nawrocki, S.T. Nazarko, T.Y. Nazarko, V.Y. Neill, T. Neri, L.M. Netea, M.G. Netea-Maier, R.T. Neves, B.M. Ney, P.A. Nezis, I.P. Nguyen, H.T.T. Nguyen, H.P. Nicot, A.-S. Nilsen, H. Nilsson, P. Nishimura, M. Nishino, I. Niso-Santano, M. Niu, H. Nixon, R.A. Njar, V.C.O. Noda, T. Noegel, A.A. Nolte, E.M. Norberg, E. Norga, K.K. Noureini, S.K. Notomi, S. Notterpek, L. Nowikovsky, K. Nukina, N. Nürnberger, T. O'donnell, V.B. O'donovan, T. O'dwyer, P.J. Oehme, I. Oeste, C.L. Ogawa, M. Ogretmen, B. Ogura, Y. Oh, Y.J. Ohmuraya, M. Ohshima, T. Ojha, R. Okamoto, K. Okazaki, T. Oliver, F.J. Ollinger, K. Olsson, S. Orban, D.P. Ordonez, P. Orhon, I. Orosz, L. O'rourke, E.J. Orozco, H. Ortega, A.L. Ortona, E. Osellame, L.D. Oshima, J. Oshima, S. Osiewacz, H.D. Otomo, T. Otsu, K. Ou, J.-H.J. Outeiro, T.F. Ouyang, D.-Y. Ouyang, H. Overholtzer, M. Ozbun, M.A. Ozdinler, P.H. Ozpolat, B. Pacelli, C. Paganetti, P. Page, G. Pages, G. Pagnini, U. Pajak, B. Pak, S.C. Pakos-Zebrucka, K. Pakpour, N. Palková, Z. Palladino, F. Pallauf, K. Pallet, N. Palmieri, M. Paludan, S.R. Palumbo, C. Palumbo, S. Pampliega, O. Pan, H. Pan, W. Panaretakis, T. Pandey, A. Pantazopoulou, A. Papackova, Z. Papademetrio, D.L. Papassideri, I. Papini, A. Parajuli, N. Pardo, J. Parekh, V.V. Parenti, G. Park, J.-I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Parker, R. Parlato, R. Parys, J.B. Parzych, K.R. Pasquet, J.-M. Pasquier, B. Pasumarthi, K.B.S. Patterson, C. Pattingre, S. Pattison, S. Pause, A. Pavenstädt, H. Pavone, F. Pedrozo, Z. Peña, F.J. Peñalva, M.A. Pende, M. Peng, J. Penna, F. Penninger, J.M. Pensalfini, A. Pepe, S. Pereira, G.J.S. Pereira, P.C. de la Cruz, V.P. Pérez-Pérez, M.E. Pérez-Rodríguez, D. Pérez-Sala, D. Perier, C. Perl, A. Perlmutter, D.H. Perrotta, I. Pervaiz, S. Pesonen, M. Pessin, J.E. Peters, G.J. Petersen, M. Petrache, I. Petrof, B.J. Petrovski, G. Phang, J.M. Piacentini, M. Pierdominici, M. Pierre, P. Pierrefite-Carle, V. Pietrocola, F. Pimentel-Muiños, F.X. Pinar, M. Pineda, B. Pinkas-Kramarski, R. Pinti, M. Pinton, P. Piperdi, B. Piret, J.M. Platanias, L.C. Platta, H.W. Plowey, E.D. Pöggeler, S. Poirot, M. Polčic, P. Poletti, A. Poon, A.H. Popelka, H. Popova, B. Poprawa, I. Poulose, S.M. Poulton, J. Powers, S.K. Powers, T. Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prak, K. Prange, R. Prescott, M. Priault, M. Prince, S. Proia, R.L. Proikas-Cezanne, T. Prokisch, H. Promponas, V.J. Przyklenk, K. Puertollano, R. Pugazhenthi, S. Puglielli, L. Pujol, A. Puyal, J. Pyeon, D. Qi, X. Qian, W.-B. Qin, Z.-H. Qiu, Y. Qu, Z. Quadrilatero, J. Quinn, F. Raben, N. Rabinowich, H. Radogna, F. Ragusa, M.J. Rahmani, M. Raina, K. Ramanadham, S. Ramesh, R. Rami, A. Randall-Demllo, S. Randow, F. Rao, H. Rao, V.A. Rasmussen, B.B. Rasse, T.M. Ratovitski, E.A. Rautou, P.-E. Ray, S.K. Razani, B. Reed, B.H. Reggiori, F. Rehm, M. Reichert, A.S. Rein, T. Reiner, D.J. Reits, E. Ren, J. Ren, X. Renna, M. Reusch, J.E.B. Revuelta, J.L. Reyes, L. Rezaie, A.R. Richards, R.I. Richardson, R. Richetta, C. Riehle, M.A. Rihn, B.H. Rikihisa, Y. Riley, B.E. Rimbach, G. Rippo, M.R. Ritis, K. Rizzi, F. Rizzo, E. Roach, P.J. Robbins, J. Roberge, M. Roca, G. Roccheri, M.C. Rocha, S. Rodrigues, C.M.P. Rodríguez, C.I. de Cordoba, S.R. Rodriguez-Muela, N. Roelofs, J. Rogov, V.V. Rohn, T.T. Rohrer, B. Romanelli, D. Romani, L. Romano, P.S. Roncero, M.I.G. Rosa, J.L. Rosello, A. Rosen, K.V. Rosenstiel, P. Rost-Roszkowska, M. Roth, K.A. Roué, G. Rouis, M. Rouschop, K.M. Ruan, D.T. Ruano, D. Rubinsztein, D.C. Rucker, E.B., III Rudich, A. Rudolf, E. Rudolf, R. Ruegg, M.A. Ruiz-Roldan, C. Ruparelia, A.A. Rusmini, P. Russ, D.W. Russo, G.L. Russo, G. Russo, R. Rusten, T.E. Ryabovol, V. Ryan, K.M. Ryter, S.W. Sabatini, D.M. Sacher, M. Sachse, C. Sack, M.N. Sadoshima, J. Saftig, P. Sagi-Eisenberg, R. Sahni, S. Saikumar, P. Saito, T. Saitoh, T. Sakakura, K. Sakoh-Nakatogawa, M. Sakuraba, Y. Salazar-Roa, M. Salomoni, P. Saluja, A.K. Salvaterra, P.M. Salvioli, R. Samali, A. Sanchez, A.M.J. Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. Sanchez-Prieto, R. Sandri, M. Sanjuan, M.A. Santaguida, S. Santambrogio, L. Santoni, G. Dos Santos, C.N. Saran, S. Sardiello, M. Sargent, G. Sarkar, P. Sarkar, S. Sarrias, M.R. Sarwal, M.M. Sasakawa, C. Sasaki, M. Sass, M. Sato, K. Sato, M. Satriano, J. Savaraj, N. Saveljeva, S. Schaefer, L. Schaible, U.E. Scharl, M. Schatzl, H.M. Schekman, R. Scheper, W. Schiavi, A. Schipper, H.M. Schmeisser, H. Schmidt, J. Schmitz, I. Schneider, B.E. Schneider, E.M. Schneider, J.L. Schon, E.A. Schönenberger, M.J. Schönthal, A.H. Schorderet, D.F. Schröder, B. Schuck, S. Schulze, R.J. Schwarten, M. Schwarz, T.L. Sciarretta, S. Scotto, K. Scovassi, A.I. Screaton, R.A. Screen, M. Seca, H. Sedej, S. Segatori, L. Segev, N. Seglen, P.O. Seguí-Simarro, J.M. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seki, E. Sell, C. Semenkovich, C.F. Semenza, G.L. Sen, U. Serra, A.L. Serrano-Puebla, A. Sesaki, H. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shajahan-Haq, A.N. Shapiro, I.M. Sharma, S. She, H. Shen, C.-K.J. Shen, C.-C. Shen, H.-M. Shen, S. Shen, W. Sheng, R. Sheng, X. Sheng, Z.-H. Shepherd, T.G. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, Q. Shi, Y. Shibutani, S. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shin, D.W. Shinohara, M.L. Shintani, M. Shintani, T. Shioi, T. Shirabe, K. Shiri-Sverdlov, R. Shirihai, O. Shore, G.C. Shu, C.-W. Shukla, D. Sibirny, A.A. Sica, V. Sigurdson, C.J. Sigurdsson, E.M. Sijwali, P.S. Sikorska, B. Silveira, W.A. Silvente-Poirot, S. Silverman, G.A. Simak, J. Simmet, T. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simons, M. Simonsen, A. Singh, R. Singh, S.V. Singh, S.K. Sinha, D. Sinha, S. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Sirohi, K. Sishi, B.J.N. Sittler, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skwarska, A. Slack, R. Slaninová, I. Slavov, N. Smaili, S.S. Smalley, K.S.M. Smith, D.R. Soenen, S.J. Soleimanpour, S.A. Solhaug, A. Somasundaram, K. Son, J.H. Sonawane, A. Song, C. Song, F. Song, H.K. Song, J.-X. Song, W. Soo, K.Y. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Soontornniyomkij, V. Sorice, M. Sotgia, F. Soto-Pantoja, D.R. Sotthibundhu, A. Sousa, M.J. Spaink, H.P. Span, P.N. Spang, A. Sparks, J.D. Speck, P.G. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Clair, D.S. Stacchiotti, A. Staels, B. Stang, M.T. Starczynowski, D.T. Starokadomskyy, P. Steegborn, C. Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Tchetina, E.V. Tee, A.R. Teixeira-Clerc, F. Telang, S. Tencomnao, T. Teng, B.-B. Teng, R.-J. Terro, F. Tettamanti, G. Theiss, A.L. Theron, A.E. Thomas, K.J. Thomé, M.P. Thomes, P.G. Thorburn, A. Thorner, J. Thum, T. Thumm, M. Thurston, T.L.M. Tian, L. Till, A. Ting, J.P.-Y. Ting, J.P.Y. Titorenko, V.I. Toker, L. Toldo, S. Tooze, S.A. Topisirovic, I. Torgersen, M.L. Torosantucci, L. Torriglia, A. Torrisi, M.R. Tournier, C. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Triola, G. Tripathi, D.N. Trisciuoglio, D. Troncoso, R. Trougakos, I.P. Truttmann, A.C. Tsai, K.-J. Tschan, M.P. Tseng, Y.-H. Tsukuba, T. Tsung, A. Tsvetkov, A.S. Tu, S. Tuan, H.-Y. Tucci, M. Tumbarello, D.A. Turk, B. Turk, V. Turner, R.F.B. Tveita, A.A. Tyagi, S.C. Ubukata, M. Uchiyama, Y. Udelnow, A. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Underwood, B.R. Ungermann, C. Ureshino, R.P. Ushioda, R. Uversky, V.N. Uzcátegui, N.L. Vaccari, T. Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

18. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. 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Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H.-J. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, M.-Q. Wang, P.-Y. Wang, P. Wang, R.C. Wang, S. Wang, T.-F. Wang, X. Wang, X.-J. Wang, X.-W. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.-N. Wappner, P. Ward, C. Ward, D.M.V. Warnes, G. Watada, H. Watanabe, Y. Watase, K. Weaver, T.E. Weekes, C.D. Wei, J. Weide, T. Weihl, C.C. Weindl, G. Weis, S.N. Wen, L. Wen, X. Wen, Y. Westermann, B. Weyand, C.M. White, A.R. White, E. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wiels, J. Wild, F. Wildenberg, M.E. Wileman, T. Wilkinson, D.S. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, C. Williams, K. Williamson, P.R. Winklhofer, K.F. Witkin, S.S. Wohlgemuth, S.E. Wollert, T. Wolvetang, E.J. Wong, E. Wong, G.W. Wong, R.W. Wong, V.K.W. Woodcock, E.A. Wright, K.L. Wu, C. Wu, D. Wu, G.S. Wu, J. Wu, J. Wu, M. Wu, M. Wu, S. Wu, W.K.K. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Xavier, C.P.R. Xavier, R.J. Xia, G.-X. Xia, T. Xia, W. Xia, Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, J. Xiao, S. Xiao, W. Xie, C.-M. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xilouri, M. Xiong, Y. Xu, C. Xu, C. Xu, F. Xu, H. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z.-X. Xu, Z. Xue, Y. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, A. Yamanaka, K. Yamashina, S. Yamashiro, S. Yan, B. Yan, B. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Yanagi, Y. Yang, D.-S. Yang, J.-M. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yang, P.-M. Yang, P. Yang, Q. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, P.J. Yao, X. Yao, Z. Yao, Z. Yasui, L.S. Ye, M. Yedvobnick, B. Yeganeh, B. Yeh, E.S. Yeyati, P.L. Yi, F. Yi, L. Yin, X.-M. Yip, C.K. Yoo, Y.-M. Yoo, Y.H. Yoon, S.-Y. Yoshida, K.-I. Yoshimori, T. Young, K.H. Yu, H. Yu, J.J. Yu, J.-T. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yu, W.H. Yu, X.-F. Yu, Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, B.Y.J.T. Yue, J. Yue, Z. Zacks, D.N. Zacksenhaus, E. Zaffaroni, N. Zaglia, T. Zakeri, Z. Zecchini, V. Zeng, J. Zeng, M. Zeng, Q. Zervos, A.S. Zhang, D.D. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, G.-C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

19. Cloning, Prokaryotic Expression and Purification of CpfS1 Gene from Arabidopsis Thaliana

Author: Q, He, A Y, Fu, G C, Zhang, T J, Li, and J H, Zhang
Subjects: Homeodomain Proteins, DNA, Complementary, Arabidopsis Proteins, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Molecular Sequence Data, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression, Recombinant Proteins, Molecular Weight, Open Reading Frames, Seeds, Escherichia coli, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Protein Multimerization, Plasmids, Transcription Factors
Abstract: CpfS1 Gene cloned from arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. A cDNA fragment about 320 bp was amplified from the total RNA of arabidopsis thaliana seeds by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with a pair of specific primers based on the sequences of the AtCpfS1 gene. The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET30a-AtCpfS1 was constructed by inserting the cDNA fragment encoding the mature peptide into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a, and then transformed into E. coli DH5α. Sequence analysis showed that the fragment length was 346 bp containing a full coding region of 332 bp encoding 76 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 21.5 kD. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis showed that the best expression was induced by 21oC and 3.6×10-3 mol/L IPTG, under which a relative molecular weight of 82.5 kD recombinant protein was produced. The nickel chelating resin was used to purify the protein in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the results indicated that AtCpfS1 protein was present in the form of tetramer.
Published: 2015

20. MIMO systems for broadband wireless communications

Author: G. C. Zhang, Xiao-Hong Peng, and X. Gu
Subjects: 3G MIMO, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, MIMO, MIMO-OFDM, Multi-user MIMO, Spatial multiplexing, Wireless broadband, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radio resource management, Telecommunications, business, Mimo systems, Computer network
Abstract: The emergence of broadband wireless access (BWA) and mobility poses significant challenges to the future telecommunications landscape. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is a potential technology that can be used to improve system performances such as coverage, capacity and data rates for broadband wireless networks. Although this technology has proved to be beneficial for both current and future services by many research results, it is not clear how these benefits can be practically achieved with a MIMO system. Fundamental issues on capacity enhancement and performance limits need to be addressed before operators will be willing to deploy MIMO systems in their networks. This paper addresses some of the key issues that remain open regarding MIMO technology for BWA. The paper focuses on MIMO channel modelling and capacity analysis.
Published: 2006
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21. Anisotropic resistivities of single-crystalBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δwith different oxygen content

Author: Zhou Gui, M. Yu, X. H. Chen, G. C. Zhang, S. Y. Li, Keqing Ruan, and L.Z. Cao
Subjects: Physics, Bipolaron, Crystallography, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Anisotropy, Oxygen pressure, Oxygen content, Single crystal
Abstract: The in-plane resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}(T)$ and the out-of-plane ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$ have been extensively measured for the pure single-crystal ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}\mathrm{}}\mathrm{}(\mathrm{Bi}2212)$ annealed at different oxygen pressure. The ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$ and anisotropy $[{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}(T)]$ decreases rapidly with increasing carrier concentration. It is found that the out-of-plane resistivity decreases linearly with temperature down to about 120 K for the overdoped sample; its resistivity anisotropy is a weak temperature dependence. In the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane, the anisotropy is very weak and nearly independent of temperature. The data of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}(T)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}(T)$ are well fitted by the bipolaron theory proposed by Alexandrov and Mott.
Published: 1998
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22. Nucleation of hcp and fcc phases in bcc iron under uniform compression: classical molecular dynamics simulations

Author: Bao-Tian Wang, G C Zhang, Peng Zhang, Wei-Dong Li, and J L Shao
Subjects: Shock wave, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Chemistry, Nucleation, Crystal structure, Condensed Matter Physics, Radial distribution function, Critical point (mathematics), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Molecular dynamics, Transition metal, Atom, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, General Materials Science
Abstract: By classical molecular dynamics simulations employing an embedded atom method potential, we have simulated the bcc to hcp/fcc structural transition in single-crystal iron under uniform compression. Results showed that the transition pressure is different from uniaxial compression and shock loading. The transformation occurs on a picosecond timescale and the transition time decreases along with the increase of pressure. The nucleation and growth of the hcp and fcc phases under constant pressure and temperature are analyzed in detail. The nucleation planes, all belonging to the {110}(bcc) family and parallel to the three compression directions [100], [010], and [001], have been observed. About 20% bcc atoms have transformed to fcc phase under pressure just over the critical point, and under higher pressure the fraction of the fcc phase increases steadily to exceed that of the hcp phase. We have investigated the transition mechanism of iron from initial bcc to hcp/fcc and found that the transition mainly consists of compression, rotation, and shuffle.
Published: 2011

23. Estimation Mean Trace Length of Rock Mass Discontinuities

Author: L. Q. Wang, Q. Wu, G. C. Zhang, and H. M. Peng
Subjects: Trace (semiology), Mineralogy, Classification of discontinuities, Rock mass classification, Geology
Published: 2010
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24. An Improved Urban Macrocellular Model for MIMO Wireless Systems

Author: X-H Peng, G.-C Zhang, and X-Y Gu
Subjects: Independent and identically distributed random variables, business.industry, Scattering, Wave propagation, Computer science, MIMO, Function (mathematics), Topology, Radiation pattern, Channel capacity, Wireless, business, Computer Science::Information Theory, Computer network, Communication channel
Abstract: We present an improved model for outdoor MIMO wireless channels and its spatial fading correlation and capacity performances. The proposed model is more representative than the traditional independently and identically distributed (i.i.d) model by considering the remote scatterers on top of the "one-ring" model. We consider both local and remote scatterers with respect to the receiver for modeling the urban macrocellular wireless environment. The channel capacity for a given structure of scatterers and a set of physical parameters including the antenna pattern and propagation loss has been investigated. As a result, the fading correlation is expressed as a function of the scattering characteristics as well as the propagation parameters of the MIMO channels. We provide detailed analysis on the effect of correlation due to the increased number of scatterers and the capacity results obtained via extensive simulations. Using the proposed model we show the combined correlation and scattering effect on the capacity of MIMO systems and the difference on the capacity performance between the proposed macrocellular model and the "one-ring" model.
Published: 2006
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25. Aplastic anaemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection

Author: Xin-hong Qian, X Y Jiao, G C Zhang, D L Xu, C S Chen, Y J Zheng, and Y H Cao
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, animal diseases, viruses, Parvoviridae Infections, Short Report, macromolecular substances, Virus, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Parvovirus B19, Human, Medicine, Humans, Aplastic anemia, Child, Parvoviridae, Erythrovirus, biology, business.industry, Parvovirus, virus diseases, Anemia, Aplastic, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Viral disease, Antibody, business
Abstract: Parvovirus B19 involvement was investigated in 30 children with severe aplastic anaemia. Active or recent parvovirus B19 infection, as shown by B19 DNA viraemia, positive B19 specific IgM antibodies, or both, was diagnosed in six patients. There were no other plausible causes. We suggest that parvovirus B19 infection might be associated with severe aplastic anaemia.
Published: 2002

26. [Detection of TORCH genom in the cardiac tissue of congenital heart disease]

Author: X, Wang, G C, Zhang, and M, Han
Subjects: Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Infant, Newborn, Cytomegalovirus, Infant, Heart, Child, Preschool, Animals, Humans, Simplexvirus, Female, Child, Rubella virus, Toxoplasma
Abstract: To explore relationships of TORCH (cytomegalovirus/CMV, toxoplasma/TOX, rubella virus/RV, herpes simplex virus-2 HSV2) infection with congenital heart disease (CHD).We conducted comparison to detection TORCH pathogenic gene in 42 cases of CHD and 38 controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).1. The positive rate of CMV, HSV2 and TOX in 66 cases of CHD were 26.2%, 4.7% and 16.7%, respectively, while those of 38 cases in control groups were 21.1%, 2.6% and 2.6%, respectively. The infection condition of TOX was significantly different (P = 0.0378), while those of CMV and HSV were not statistically different (P0.05) between CHD and control groups. 2. 7 of 30(23.3%) were positive for RV-RNA, compared with control group which were all negative, it was significantly higher (P = 0.0328).This is the first report of the presence of TORCH genes in CHD cardiac tissue by PCR. It might lay the foundation for studying the relationship of TORCH infection with CHD in molecular level.
Published: 2001

27. Impact of presence of abnormal wall motion on echocardiographic determination of left ventricular function with automated boundary detection technique: re-evaluation

Author: G C, Zhang, K, Nakamura, T, Tsukada, S, Nakatani, M, Uematsu, N, Tanaka, Y, Masuda, Y, Yasumura, K, Miyatake, and M, Yamagishi
Subjects: Male, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Echocardiography, Case-Control Studies, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, Myocardial Contraction, Ventricular Function, Left
Abstract: It is still unclear whether echocardiography with an automated boundary detection technique (ABD) can accurately determine the left ventricular (LV) volume and function particularly in the presence of LV wall asynergy. We intended to re-evaluate the reliability and application of the ABD, which was based on the acoustic quantification technique (Sonos 2500, Hewlett Packard) for the LV volume measurement in patients without or with LV wall asynergy. A total of 80 patients (mean age 56 years) who underwent left ventriculography (LVG) were divided into two groups. The group A consisted of 29 patients with normal LV wall motion and the group B consisted of 51 patients with generalized or regional LV wall motion abnormality. In group A patients, the LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was 96 +/- 25 ml by ABD and 112 +/- 33 ml by LVG and those of LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) were 44 +/- 14 ml by ABD and 48 +/- 17 ml by LVG, thus resulting in the underestimation of LV volume by 12% in average. Under these conditions, the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) by ABD, 54 +/- 8%, correlated well with that by LVG, 58 +/- 7%. Although underestimation of LV volume by 17% in average also occurred in groups B (N.S.), LVEF was found to correlate well with that by LVG; 27 +/- 8% vs 30 +/- 11% (r = 0.87, SEE = 3.1%) for 21 patients with the generalized LV asynergy; 39 +/- 10% vs 39 +/- 12% (r = 0.86. SEE = 3.3%) for 30 patients with the regional LV asynergy. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the ABD in determining the LVEF, although underestimation can occur in measuring the absolute LV volume in patients with or without LV asynergy.
Published: 1999

28. [A study on effect of qingwen granule in regulating immunological function in infantile respiratory viral infection]

Author: G C, Zhang, Z H, Li, and Q, Shen
Subjects: Male, Pneumonia, Viral, CD4-CD8 Ratio, Infant, Lymphocyte Activation, Interferon-gamma, Adjuvants, Immunologic, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Virus Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Humans, Female, Respiratory Tract Infections, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of Qing-wen Granule (QWG) on immunological function, T lymphocyte subsets and interferon gamma(INF-gamma) expression cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocyte transformation rate and the level of salivary secretory IgA (sIgA) were determined by alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique or 3H-TdR incorporation with lymphocyte stimulation index(SI) or agar single immunodiffusion in infantile respiratory viral infection. The results showed that the percentage of CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8 ratio of patients treated with QWG for 3 days were not significantly different in comparing with the control group untreated with QWG (P0.05), but the values of IFN-gamma expression cell, SI and the level of sIgA were more markedly increased than that of control (P0.05). It suggested that the QWG could improve and regulate immune function in infantile respiratory viral infection.
Published: 1995

29. [Study on inspection method of anaerobes in periodontal pockets]

Author: D Y, Li, G C, Zhang, and J, Ye
Abstract: This paper used two methods only use non-selective medium(CDC) and together with seven selective mediums(VS CS BS AS FS ES LS) to inspect anaerobes in periodontal pockets.The results showed that Gram-negative anaerobes were the predominant microflora of periodontitis.The method of CDC together with selective mediums was founded much simpler and faster,more valuable than the method of only use non-selective medium.It is illustrated that CDC added antibiotics or chemicals to make selective mediums was prepared convenience and was suitable for growth of relative anaerobes.But it is still necessary to establish much more,more special, more reliable selective or identical mediums.
Published: 1995

30. [Isolation of Neisseria from human dental plaque and study of characteristics of acid degradation]

Author: M, Zhu, Z, Liu, G C, Zhang, and B, Wang
Abstract: The Neisseria was isolated and identified from human dental plaque.The incidence of Neisseria was 100%.The N.Sicca was the predominant group.The results of sugar metabolism of Neisseria indicated that they were not only able to produce acid while sugar was offered sufficiently,but also degrade lactate evenacetate to supply energy after sugar was consumed.
Published: 1992

31. Modulan grip-aids for leprosy patients

Author: S, Yawalkar, A, Shah, R, Ganapati, L B, Yan, G C, Zhang, H, Chen, K, Westmacott, and W, Osterwalder
Subjects: Patient Education as Topic, Epoxy Resins, Leprosy, Hand Deformities, Acquired, Quality of Life, Humans, Self-Help Devices, Self Concept
Abstract: Made-to-measure Modulan grip-aids were fitted to 755 articles for 155 patients with hand deformities due to leprosy. The acceptance of the grip-aids was, in general, good. No instance of contact dermatitis or skin irritation was reported. These grip-aids facilitated a normal grip with crippled hands, and thus considerably improved the quality of the patient's personal and working life. They increased the patient's self-esteem and self-confidence because he/she could handle everyday objects or tools without the help of others and could do his/her job--an important step toward social and economic rehabilitation.
Published: 1992

32. [Clinical analysis of emergencies in endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps]

Author: G C, Zhang
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cellulitis, Middle Aged, Root Canal Therapy, Dental Pulp Necrosis, Humans, Female, Dental Pulp Cavity, Emergencies, Child, Periapical Periodontitis, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Published: 1992

33. [Eighty cases of alveolar hydatid disease treated with albendazole]

Author: M, Li, W X, Li, X Z, Liu, W J, Li, G C, Huang, G C, Zhang, Q H, Wang, X L, Wang, S Y, Li, and M Z, Li
Subjects: Adult, Male, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Albendazole, Aged
Abstract: Alveolar hydatid disease occurs frequently in Xiji County of Ningxia. 80 cases of the disease were treated orally with albendazole from 1985 to 1988 and the short-term results proved satisfactory. The treatment consisted of two groups. Group I included 72 cases which were orally given 8-10 mg/kg.d of albendazole 2 to 3 times a day after each meal for 30 days and then stop taking the medicine for 10 days as one treatment course. The treatment continued 3-12 months comprising about 24 courses were given with the highest dosage of 412g. Group II included 8 cases who were given 15.6-20 mg/kg.d of the medicine for 14 days (one course) and every two weeks with a 10 days interval. The treatment of group II continued 3-6 months which totalled 19-24 courses with the highest dosage of 270g. All the treated patients tolerate well except that a few of them felt giddy and had diarrhoea which disappeared after the withdrawal of medicine. Through 3-5 years, follow-up observation, it was found that the gener alsymptoms of the treated patients improved and their body weight increased by 2-9.5 kg, some of them could take part in light physical labour. The jaundice index in 80% of them returned to normal. SGPT in 86.4% decreased to within normal range. The enlarged livers in half of the patients decreased by 1-6 cm. 23.7% of the patients were reexamined by B ultrasound scanning which revealed that their enlarged liver reduced in size while the liquifaction area and the shadows of calcification in the livers in 42.5% patients increased obviously.
Published: 1991

34. Avoiding anastomotic leakage following esophagogastrostomy

Author: K Liu, Z J Cai, and G C Zhang
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Leak, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Incidence (epidemiology), Esophageal lesions, Surgery, Stomach surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Esophagectomy, Anastomotic leakage, medicine, Esophagus, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Complication, business
Abstract: The most serious complication following esophagectomy and conventional intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy is anastomotic leakage, which contributes to both a high mortality and morbidity postoperatively. The incidence of anastomotic leakage reported in a recent 10 year period ranged from 3% to 18%, with a mean of 4.9%. A series of 433 esophagogastrostomies were performed in our institute from 1954 to 1981 for various esophageal lesions, including 414 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus. A conventional esophagogastrostomy was carried out in 319 patients and 12 leaks occurred postoperatively, an incidence of 3.7%. In comparison, another group of 114 patients underwent "tunnel" esophagogastrostomy, a technique that we designed. There was only one leak, an incidence of 0.87%. The "tunnel" esophagogastrostomy is therefore recommended as a reliable operative procedure for minimizing the incidence of anastomotic leakage. The operative technique is described in detail.
Published: 1983
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35. Acupuncture treatment for disturbances in urination and defecation from sacral cryptorachischisis--a clinical observation of 254 cases

Author: X C, An, H S, Zhao, X C, Li, Y Y, Tang, J, Sun, J, Liu, J Q, Yi, Y X, Yu, G C, Zhang, and G, Hao
Subjects: Male, Urinary Incontinence, Adolescent, Acupuncture Therapy, Humans, Female, Spina Bifida Occulta, Defecation, Fecal Incontinence
Published: 1986

36. [Quantitative study on transmission of malaria by Anopheles kunmingensis]

Author: G C, Zhang, X S, Dong, X Z, Wang, and Y R, Lu
Subjects: Anopheles, Plasmodium falciparum, Animals, Humans, Plasmodium vivax, Insect Vectors, Malaria
Abstract: From July to August 1987, a quantitative study on the vector potential of An. kunmingensis (sp. nov.) in comparison with An. sinensis was carried out in nine malaria endemic villages of Tengchong County of western Yunnan. All the villages contained only three anopheles species: An. kunmingensis, An. sinensis and An. maculatus, among which An. kunmingensis accounted for 77% of 14,871 anopheline mosquitoes collected inside the houses and cowsheds. Adult density, man-biting rate, human blood index, sporozoite rate, parity rate and sporogonic cycle of all the three species were determined. The vector capacity appraised by using the above-mentioned indices of An. kunmingensis was far in excess to that of An. sinensis, An. kunmingensis was thus incriminated as the main malaria vector based upon its indoor abundance, relatively high man-biting rate and the finding of a sporozoite-positive specimen during the peak malaria season. In the light of its endophilic characteristics, residual insecticide has been used effectively in the control of An. kunmingensis.
Published: 1989

37. [Clinical trials of xenogeneic 'immune' RNA in the treatment of liver cancer (author's transl)]

Author: Q W, Ye, Q D, Wang, G C, Zhang, and Z, Yao
Subjects: Sheep, Liver Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, RNA, Immunotherapy, alpha-Fetoproteins
Published: 1980

38. [Correction of severe eversion of the lower lip due to bilateral facial paralysis in leprosy]

Author: G C, Zhang
Subjects: Male, Leprosy, Facial Paralysis, Humans, Female, Surgery, Plastic, Lip
Published: 1988

39. [Carcinoma of remnant cardia treated by resection of esophagogastric anastomosis: report of a case (author's transl)]

Author: G C, Zhang
Subjects: Male, Esophagus, Stomach Neoplasms, Stomach, Humans, Cardia, Middle Aged
Published: 1981

40. Long-term effect of reconstructive surgery for leprosy deformities

Author: T S, Zheng and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Leprosy, Humans, Female, Postoperative Period, Middle Aged, Surgery, Plastic
Published: 1986

41. [Clinical trial of the treatment of lung cancer with xenogeneic immune RNA (author's transl)]

Author: S F, Wu, M P, Yu, H M, Tai, Y R, Cheng, Q W, Ye, Y F, Che, L P, Bao, and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Adult, Male, Lung Neoplasms, Sheep, Injections, Intradermal, Animals, Humans, RNA, Female, Middle Aged, Aged
Published: 1979

42. [Correction of lagophthalmos in leprosy by transfer of a temporalis muscle bundle and fascial sling--report of 26 cases]

Author: G C, Zhang and T S, Zheng
Subjects: Adult, Male, Leprosy, Eyelid Diseases, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Surgery, Plastic
Published: 1987

43. Intraoperative determination of thoracic duct injury with 131I-fat. An experimental study on dogs

Author: Y J, Wang, K, Liu, W F, Zhang, G C, Zhang, and Z J, Cai
Subjects: Iodine Radioisotopes, Dogs, Esophagus, Postoperative Complications, Animals, Plant Oils, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Peanut Oil, Intraoperative Complications, Radionuclide Imaging, Chylothorax, Thoracic Duct
Abstract: The creation of an experimental animal model of traumatic chylothorax was verified by 131I labelled fat (peanut oil). 15 dogs of 3 groups were administered 131I labelled oil via a gastric tube. The results were compared between the two experimental groups and a control group with nonchylous pleural effusion. Dynamic radioactive studies on the blood and pleural fluid showed that the absorption curve of the dog's blood and chyle to 131I labelled oil was identical regardless of different attitudes, and was also similar to that of the human blood because the peak appeared 4 hours after the administration of 131I labelled oil, at which the radioactivity of chyle reached its maximum, more powerful than that of the blood collected at the same time (P less than 0.01). The 99% confidence limitation of radioactivity of the pleural fluid, and the radioactivity ratio of the pleural fluid to blood in the experimental groups were 1.8-10.5 and 493-2340 cpm respectively. The specific characteristics of chyle was then determined qualitatively according to the quantitative norms. We conclude that the technique is parallel with the normal physiological pattern and seems to be more simple and reliable than the conventional methods for detection of intraoperative injury of the thoracic duct and early diagnosis of postoperative chylothorax.
Published: 1989

44. [Preoperative evaluation of the resectability of carcinoma of the gastric cardia--triple contrast radiography of the gastric cardia versus operative findings]

Author: G C, Zhang, K, Liu, and M Y, Lu
Subjects: Radiography, Stomach Neoplasms, Humans, Cardia, Technology, Radiologic
Published: 1986

45. [Colonic interposition for esophageal substitution. Report of 52 cases]

Author: K, Liu, M Y, Lu, and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Male, Esophageal Neoplasms, Colon, Esophagoplasty, Humans, Female, Esophageal Diseases
Published: 1987

46. [Changes in gastric secretion and serum gastrin concentration after partial esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy: preliminary study]

Author: H, Jing, K, Liu, and G C, Zhang
Subjects: Adult, Diarrhea, Male, Gastric Juice, Adolescent, Esophageal Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Esophagus, Postoperative Complications, Proglumide, Gastrectomy, Gastrins, Humans, Female, Aged
Published: 1985

47. Visualization study of solid poly (ester-amine salt) precursor foaming process

Author: G. C. Zhang, Z. He, Mohanathas Rajaratnam, Yuezhou Zhang, and X. F. Sun
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Microscope, Polymers and Plastics, Bubble, Organic Chemistry, Salt (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, law.invention, Sieve, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, law, Scientific method, Amine gas treating, Particle size, 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Polyimide
Abstract: In this research, solid poly (ester-amine salt) precursor was used to prepare polyimide foams. The foaming process was observed by microscope, and effects of particle size on bubble growth were highlighted. The results showed that the powder particles with a size between 25 and 150 μm favor to grow into single bubble mesostructure, and the ones which grow into a multi-bubble mesostructure beyond this size. On the contrary, the bubble growth terminated when the particle size below 25 μm. Sieving was an effective method to narrow size distribution and uniform the particle size, which is of benefit to the formation of polyimide foams. After filtrated with 100 mesh sieve, the retreated particles were situated in optimal band to produce polyimide foams with single bubble mesostructure.

48. Properties and microstructure study of polyimide foam plastic

Author: Z. He, Mohanathas Rajaratnam, X. F. Sun, G. C. Zhang, and Yuezhou Zhang
Subjects: Materials science, Condensation polymer, Polymers and Plastics, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal diffusivity, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Limiting oxygen index, Thermal conductivity, Compressive strength, Thermal insulation, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, business, Polyimide
Abstract: Five kinds of polyimide (PI) foams were prepared from dianhydride and diamine by esterification process. The microstructure of foam was characterized by SEM and visualization methods, and many properties of material were measured, including heat resistance, fire resistance, compressive strength, heat insulation and acoustic absorption. It was shown that the cell size of foam was from 1 to 1.5 mm. The cell edge of PIBM and PIBO foam was obscure, and the cell wall was thinner than the PIBD, PIOD and PIBO-DM foam with thicker cell edge and poor cell size homogeneity. Five types of PI foams presented the trait of flexible foam plastics. All of them possess high decompose temperature, and their limiting oxygen index surpassed 40 percent, and thermal diffusion coefficients were less than 0.030 W/m·°C. In addition, PIBO, PIOD, and PIBO-DM foam had excellent acoustic absorption.

49. Aplastic anaemia associated with parvovirus B19 infection.

Author: X H Qian, A., G C Zhang, A., X Y Jiao, A., Y J Zheng, A., Y H Cao, A., D L Xu, A., and C S Chen, A.
Subjects: *APLASTIC anemia, *PARVOVIRUS diseases, *INFECTION in children, *BONE marrow diseases, *DNA, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M, *VIRUS diseases
Abstract: Parvovirus B19 involvement was investigated in 30 children with severe aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow hemopoietic failure induced by various causes. Active or recent parvovirus B19 infection, as shown by B19 DNA viraemia, positive B19 specific IgM antibodies, or both, was diagnosed in six patients. There were no other plausible causes. It was suggested that parvovirus B19 infection might be associated with severe aplastic anemia.
Published: 2002
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