81 results on '"G. S. Volkov"'
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2. Increasing the Specific Energy Concentration of High-Current Z-Pinch Plasma by Using Transient Compression Modes
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G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovsky, A. N. Gritsuk, G. L. Komarov, A. A. Rupasov, I. N. Frolov, and M. V. Khil’ko
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Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2022
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3. Study of the Compression Dynamics of a Fiber Liner with a Deuterated Target Mounted on the Axis
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E. V. Grabovsky, I. N. Frolov, A. N. Gritsuk, G. S. Volkov, S. F. Medovshchikov, G. M. Oleinik, V. D. Korolev, I. V. Volobuev, E. A. Smirnova, Ya. N. Laukhin, O. N. Abramov, Yu. G. Kalinin, K. N. Mitrofanov, D. V. Zhigalov, and V. V. Aleksandrov more...
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Plasma parameters ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Neutron temperature ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,law ,Z-pinch ,0103 physical sciences ,Pinhole camera ,Neutron detection ,Neutron ,Fiber ,Atomic physics - Abstract
Compression of a fiber array with a deuterated target mounted on its axis is studied at the Angara-5-1 facility (3.5 MA, 100 ns). Cylindrical arrays with an initial diameter of 12 mm made from polypropylene fibers with a diameter of 13.4 µm are used. The number of fibers varied from 30 to 120. The target with the density of 0.08–0.2 g/cm3 and the diameter of 1 mm was made on the basis of deuterated polyethylene. A 10‑frame ultra-high-speed X-ray camera, optical slit scans, an integral X-ray pinhole camera, vacuum X-ray diodes, a crystal spectrograph, and neutron detectors are used to measure the plasma parameters in the Z‑pinch. It is found that the dynamics of plasma compression and evolution of local plasma formations, which are sources of neutrons and soft X-ray emission in the energy range of E > 150 eV, depend on the load configuration: the number of fibers, diameter, and density of the deuterated target. Efficient compression of the liner plasma, high concentration and temperature of the compressed target state, as well as the highest neutron yield (8 × 109 neutron/pulse) are observed in experiments with arrays with the fiber number of 60, inside which the target with the diameter of 1 mm and density of 0.2 g/cm3 was placed. The electron density and temperature of the hot plasma in local formations are estimated as ne ≈ 1021 cm–3, Te ≈ 1 keV, respectively. The average neutron energy was 2.6 ± 0.2 MeV. The intensity of the plasma formation $$\dot {m}$$ [in µg/(cm2 ns)] of polypropylene fibers under the action of the discharge current of the facility is determined in experiments with fiber arrays. more...
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- 2020
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4. Generation of a Beam of Fast Electrons, Plasma Bremsstrahlung, and Characteristic Radiation in a High-Current Z-Pinch
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G. S. Volkov, G. M. Oleinik, E. V. Grabovskiy, V. V. Aleksandrov, I. N. Frolov, M. V. Khil’ko, E. A. Bolkhovitinov, A. N. Gritsuk, S. F. Medovshchikov, and A. A. Rupasov
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Mean free path ,Z-pinch ,Bremsstrahlung ,Pinch ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Electron ,Radiation ,Atomic physics ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
The generation of accelerated electron beams in a high-current Z-pinch formed by the implosion of wire cylindrical tungsten arrays on an Angara-5-1 facility is studied. The most intense characteristic and bremsstrahlung X-ray radiation of fast electrons is recorded from the central region of the pinch at the pin-ching stage. The transverse size of the radiation source in the characteristic tungsten radiation Lα is ~1.5‒1.8 mm, which is close to the transverse size of the radiation source in the soft X-ray emission (1‒1.5 mm). The current of accelerated electrons generated during the implosion of the wire array and the formation of a pinch is on the order of the Alfven current (IA). This result is consistent with the estimate of the current of accelerated electrons made from the measured characteristic radiation intensity Lα of tungsten under the assumption that the mean free path of fast electrons in a pinch is on the order of its length. more...
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- 2020
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5. Study of the Compression of a Condensed Deuterated Target Installed on the Wire Array Axis
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Yu. G. Kalinin, S. F. Medovshchikov, G. S. Volkov, I. V. Volobuev, G. M. Oleinik, E. V. Grabovski, I. N. Frolov, Ya. N. Laukhin, A. N. Gritsuk, V. D. Korolev, V. V. Aleksandrov, V. G. Pimenov, E. A. Smirnova, and K. N. Mitrofanov more...
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Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Plasma parameters ,business.industry ,Neutron emission ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Optics ,Pinch ,Neutron detection ,Electron temperature ,Neutron ,business - Abstract
The implosion of combined loads consisting of an outer wire (fiber) array and inner cylindrical target was studied experimentally at the Angara-5-1 facility (3.5 MA, 100 ns) at currents of up to 3.5 MA. The experiments were carried out with 12- and 20-mm-diameter outer arrays made of 15-μm-diameter aluminum wires, composite arrays made of aluminum wires and 25-μm-diameter kapron fibers, and arrays made of kapron fibers with a 1-μm-thick aluminum coating. The number of wires varied from 10 to 40. The targets were made of agar-agar or low-density deuterated polyethylene. The parameters of the Z-pinch plasma were determined using the Angara-5-1 diagnostic complex, which included optical streak cameras, X-ray frame cameras, X-ray detectors, X-ray pinhole cameras, neutron detectors, and a mica-crystal X-ray spectrograph. It is established that the plasma compression dynamics and the formation of local plasma structures generating neutrons depend on the load configuration: the array diameter, the number of wires (fibers), and the diameter and density of the target. The most efficient compression and the highest plasma parameters (the compression ratio and plasma temperature), as well as the highest neutron yield, were achieved in experiments with 12-mm-diameter aluminum wire arrays inside which a 1-mm-diameter deuterated target with a mass density of 0.3 g/cm3 was installed As a result of collision of the bulk of the array mass with the inner target, a compact pinch with a diameter of ≈0.5 mm forms. The pinch formation is accompanied by the generation of a soft X-ray pulse. The development of MHD instabilities in the pinch plasma results in the formation of multiple hot spots (HSs) on the pinch axis with a typical size of 200–300 μm and an electron temperature of 0.4–0.7 keV. The HS formation is accompanied by emission of neutrons with a mean energy of 2.7 ± 0.2 MeV. The maximum neutron yield achieved in these experiments was 2.6 × 1010 neutrons/shot. more...
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- 2019
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6. Investigation of Al plasmas from thin foils irradiated by high-intensity extreme ultraviolet
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E. V. Grabovski, A. V. Branitski, G. S. Volkov, Ya. N. Laukhin, M. M. Basko, I. Yu. Tolstikhina, G. M. Oleinik, Alexander P. Shevelko, K. N. Mitrofanov, Stepan N Andreev, V. P. Smirnov, A. A. Samokhin, O. F. Yakushev, I. N. Frolov, A. N. Gritsuk, V. V. Aleksandrov, and Pavel V. Sasorov more...
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,Extreme ultraviolet lithography ,Dense plasma transparency ,Implosion ,Plasma ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Z-pinch ,Extreme ultraviolet ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Space Physics ,Pinch ,lcsh:QC770-798 ,lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,Irradiation ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Dynamics and spectral transmission of Al plasma produced by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation of 0.75-μm thick Al foil is investigated. The EUV radiation with the peak power density in the range of 0.19–0.54 TW/cm2 is provided by Z-pinch formed by W multiwire array implosion in the Angara-5-1 facility. Geometry of the experiment ensures that there are no plasma fluxes from the pinch toward the Al foil and plasma. The same EUV source is used as a back illuminator for obtaining the absorption spectrum of Al plasma in the wavelength range of 5–24 nm. It comprises absorption lines of ions Al4+, Al5+, Al6+, Al7+. Analysis of relative intensities of the lines shows that those ions are formed in dense Al plasma with a temperature of ∼20 eV. Dynamics of Al plasma has been investigated with transverse laser probing. We have also performed radiation-gas-dynamics simulations of plasma dynamics affected by external radiation, which includes self-consistent radiation transport in a plasma shell. The simulations show good agreement with an experimental absorption spectrum and with experimental data concerning plasma dynamics, as well as with the analysis of line absorption spectrum. This confirms the correctness of the physical model underlying these simulations. more...
- Published
- 2017
7. Implosion dynamics of a megampere wire-array Z-pinch with an inner low-density foam shell at the Angara-5-1 facility
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G. S. Volkov, S. F. Medovshchikov, E. V. Grabovski, A. A. Rupasov, G. M. Oleinik, V. V. Aleksandrov, E. A. Bolkhovitinov, I. N. Frolov, and A. N. Gritsuk
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010302 applied physics ,Debye sheath ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Shell (structure) ,Implosion ,Mechanics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,Hohlraum ,Z-pinch ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Pinch ,Atomic physics ,Coaxial ,Inertial confinement fusion - Abstract
The implosion dynamics of a pinch with a highly inhomogeneous initial axial distribution of the load mass was studied experimentally. A cascade array consisting of a double nested tungsten wire array and a coaxial inner cylindrical shell located symmetrically with respect to the high-voltage electrodes was used as a load of the Angara-5-1 high-current generator. The cylindrical foam shell was half as long as the cathode− anode gap, and its diameter was equal to the diameter of the inner wire array. It is shown experimentally that two stages are typical of the implosion dynamics of such a load: the formation of two separate pinches formed as a result of implosion of the wire array near the cathode and anode and the subsequent implosion of the central part of the load containing the cylindrical foam shell. The conditions are determined at which the implosion of the central part of the pinch with the foam cylinder is preceded by intense irradiation of the foam with the soft X-ray (SXR) emission generated by the near-electrode pinches and converting it into the plasma state. Using such a load, which models the main elements of the scheme of a dynamic hohlraum for inertial confinement fusion, it is possible to increase the efficiency of interaction between the outer accelerated plasma sheath and the inner foam shell by preionizing the foam with the SXR emission of the near-electrode pinches. more...
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- 2016
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8. Study of the formation, stability, and X-ray emission of the Z-pinch formed during implosion of fiber arrays at the Angara-5-1 facility
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I. N. Frolov, A. N. Gritsuk, G. M. Oleinik, Ya. N. Laukhin, E. V. Grabovski, G. S. Volkov, V. V. Aleksandrov, V. A. Barsuk, Alexander P. Shevelko, and K. N. Mitrofanov
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Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Electromagnetic radiation ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Anode ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Hohlraum ,Z-pinch ,0103 physical sciences ,Fiber ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,business - Abstract
Results from experimental studies on the implosion of arrays made of kapron fibers coated with different metals (Al, In, Sn, and Bi) are presented. It is shown that the power, total energy, and spectrum of radiation emitted by the imploding array depend on the number of metallized fibers and the mass of the metal layer deposited on them but are independent of the metal characteristics (density, atomic number, etc.). Analysis of frame X-ray images shows that the Z-pinches formed in the implosion of metallized kapron fiber arrays are more stable than those formed in wire arrays and that MHD perturbations in them develop at a slower growth rate. Due to the lower rate of plasma production from kapron fibers, the plasma formed at the periphery of the array forms a layer that plays the role of a hohlraum wall partially trapping soft X-ray emission of the Z-pinch formed in the implosion of the material of the deposited metal layer. The closure of the anode aperture doubles the energy of radiation emitted in the radial direction. more...
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- 2016
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9. Radiative heating of thin Al foils by intense extreme ultraviolet radiation
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Ya. N. Laukhin, G. M. Oleinik, M. M. Basko, O. F. Yakushev, Pavel V. Sasorov, V. P. Smirnov, Alexander P. Shevelko, K. N. Mitrofanov, Vladimir Novikov, A. A. Samokhin, V. V. Aleksandrov, I. N. Frolov, A. N. Gritsuk, Stepan N Andreev, E. V. Grabovski, G. S. Volkov, I. Yu. Tolstikhina, and A. V. Branitski more...
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Range (particle radiation) ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Absorption spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Tungsten ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,chemistry ,Extreme ultraviolet ,0103 physical sciences ,Radiative transfer ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,FOIL method - Abstract
The effect of induced transparency of thin Al foils radiatively heated by intense extreme ultraviolet (EVU) radiation has been observed. The radiation of the plasma of Z-pinches appearing under the compression of tungsten liners at the Angara-5-1 facility has been used as the radiation that heats the Al foil (peak illumination on the foil ~0.55 TW/cm2) and is transmitted through it. The photoabsorption has been studied in the formed aluminum plasma at temperatures of ~10–30 eV in the density range of ~1–20 mg/cm3 in the wavelength range of ~5–24 nm. Absorption lines of Al4+...7+ ions have been identified in the experimental spectrum. In addition, radiative gas-dynamic simulations of the foil heating and expansion have been performed taking into account radiation transfer processes. more...
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- 2016
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10. MEASURING SIZES OF THE EMISSION REGION OF HIGH-CURRENT Z-PINCH FORMED BY THE IMPLOSION MULTIWIRE CYLINDRICAL TUNGSTEN ARRAY
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A. N. Gritsuk, I. N. Frolov, G. S. Volkov, and M. V. Khil’ko
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,business.industry ,Implosion ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Optics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Z-pinch ,0103 physical sciences ,High current ,Atomic physics ,business - Abstract
Для практического применения Z-пинчей в качестве источников мягкого рентгеновского излучения, а также для понимания физических процессов и явлений, происходящих в горячей плазме, удерживаемой магнитным полем собственного тока, возникает необходимость определить размеры излучающей области Z-пинча, а также его основные макроскопические параметры, такие, как концентрация ионов и электронов, давление и температура плазмы. В работе определялись параметры Z-пинчей, получаемых при имплозии многопроволочных вольфрамовых сборок с начальным диаметром 12 мм и погонной массой 220 мкг/см на сильноточном электрическом генераторе «Ангара-5-1». Cредние поперечный и продольный размеры излучающей области сильноточного Z-пинча на финальной стадии его сжатия в диапазоне энергии квантов мягкого рентгеновского излучения 0,05—2,5 кэВ оказались равными 1,2 ± 0,4 и 12,0 ± 0,7 мм соотвeтственно. На основе измеренных размеров излучающей области, значения скорости сжатия оболочки, мощности и длительности излучения Z-пинча были оценены его плотность и газокинетическое давление (на финальной стадии сжатия), которые оказались равными 210 г/см, 1 Мбар соответственно. По произведённым оценкам значения плотности пинча превышают плотность ускоренной оболочки в 20—30 раз. Значения, полученные в работе, соответствуют физике устойчивого сжатия пинча. Полученные изображения Z-пинча показывают, что центральная область Z-пинча состоит в основном из горячей плазмы, а вокруг неё присутствует холодное «плазменное гало», интенсивность излучения которого значительно ниже, чем в центральной области. more...
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- 2016
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11. Methods and results of studies of the radiation spectra of megampere Z-pinches at the angara-5-1 facility
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Vladimir Novikov, A. S. Boldarev, A. S. Shikanov, E. A. Bolkhovitinov, G. M. Oleinik, O. G. Ol’khovskaya, S. A. Dan’ko, M. V. Fedulov, A. N. Gritsuk, V. I. Zaitsev, Vladimir A. Gasilov, G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovskii, I. Yu. Vichev, and A. A. Rupasov more...
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Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Opacity ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Plasma parameters ,Electromagnetic spectrum ,Pinch ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Photon energy ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Spectral line - Abstract
Methods and results of studies of the radiation spectra of high-current Z-pinches with different elemental compositions are presented. To examine a wide spectral range (Ehν = 30–3000 eV), two diagnostics tools were used—a transmission grating and a reflecting mica crystal. The radiation characteristics of the pinch are determined by its elemental composition. For currents of 2–3 MA and low-Z elements (aluminum), the hard end of the radiation spectrum is represented by spectral lines with clearly pronounced K lines, while for high-Z elements (tungsten), the spectrum lies in the softer photon energy range and is quasi-continuous. Two methods of spectrum processing were used to determine the plasma parameters. The parameters of aluminum plasma were traditionally determined from the intensity ratios of the K lines taking into account the plasma transparency for these lines. The spectra of tungsten plasma were compared with the results of computer simulations of pinch compression with allowance for both magnetohydrodynamic and plasma radiation processes. The applicability of these methods of spectral analysis is discussed. more...
- Published
- 2015
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12. Anisotropy of energy losses in high-current Z-pinches produced by the implosion of cylindrical tungsten wire arrays
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S. F. Medovshchikov, E. V. Grabovski, G. S. Volkov, A. N. Gritsuk, V. V. Aleksandrov, G. M. Oleinik, N. I. Lakhtyushko, and E. V. Svetlov
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Energy flux ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Calorimeter ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Pinch ,Atomic physics ,business ,Anisotropy ,Radiant intensity - Abstract
Results are presented from measurements of the anisotropy of energy losses in high-current Z-pinches produced by the implosion of wire arrays at the ANGARA-5-1 facility at load currents of up to 4MA. The energy losses were measured in the radial direction and along the pinch axis from the anode side. The main diagnostics were time-integrated thermocouple calorimeters, nanosecond X-ray diodes (XRDs) with different filters, and a foil radiation calorimeter with a time resolution of 2 μs. The azimuthal anisotropy of energy losses was measured for different wire array configurations and different shapes of the high-voltage electrode. The presence of strong initial azimuthal inhomogeneity of the wire mass distribution (sectioned arrays), as well as the use of conical electrodes instead of plane ones, does not increase the azimuthal inhomogeneity of the total energy losses. For cylindrical wire arrays, energy losses in the radial direction are compared with those along the pinch axis. According to XRD and calorimetric measurements, the radiation yield per unit solid angle along the pinch axis is two to three times lower than that in the radial direction. In the axial direction, the energy flux density of the expanding plasma is two to three times lower than the radiation intensity. The measured radiation yield across the pinch is 2.5–5 kJ/sr, while that along the pinch axis is 1–2 kJ/sr. The results obtained by means of XRDs agree to within measurement errors with those obtained using the radiation calorimeter. It is found that the energy per unit solid angle carried by the expanding plasma in the radial direction does not exceed 10% of the soft X-ray yield. Analysis of the structure of time-integrated pinhole images and signals from the radial and axial XRDs shows that radiation emitted in the radial direction from the hot central region of the pinch is partially screened by the less dense surrounding plasma halo, whereas radiation emitted in the axial direction is a superposition of the emissions from the hot dense central region of the pinch and the colder less dense peripheral plasma. more...
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- 2014
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13. Study of the radiation spectra of fast Z-pinches formed during the implosion of wire arrays in the Angara-5-1 facility
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A. S. Shikanov, A. N. Gritsyk, G. M. Oleinik, I. Yu. Vichev, G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovski, M. V. Fedulov, E. V. Svetlov, V. I. Zaitsev, E. A. Bolkhovitinov, A. A. Rupasov, and Vladimir Novikov
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Photon energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Spectral line ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Pinch ,Atomic physics ,business ,Radiant intensity - Abstract
Results are presented from measurements of the radiation spectra of the Z-pinch tungsten plasma produced during the implosion of cylindrical wire arrays with a linear mass of 200–400 μg/cm and an initial diameter of 12–20 mm at a current of ∼3 MA in the experiments performed at the Angara-5-1 facility. The radiation spectra in the photon energy range of 50–900 eV were recorded on a UF-4 X-ray film by using a spectrograph with a transmission grating. The radiation spectrum in the photon energy range of 1–3 keV was recorded using a crystalline panoramic spectrograph. A curtain shutter was used to protect the transmission grating from fast microparticles produced due to the erosion of high-voltage electrodes. The total radiation yield was measured with a thermocouple calorimeter. It is shown that most of the tungsten plasma radiation energy is emitted in the photon energy range of 80–300 eV. Measurements of the spectral intensity of pinch radiation with a spatial resolution along the pinch radius showed that the effective transverse diameter of the pinch did not exceed 2 mm, which agrees with independent current measurements of the pinch size. The results of measurements of the spectral intensity of pinch radiation were compared with calculations per-formed under the assumption of a stationary homogeneous plasma. more...
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- 2012
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14. Study of the implosion characteristics of quasi-spherical wire arrays on the Angara-5-1 facility at currents of up to 4 MA
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V. V. Aleksandrov, K. N. Mitrofanov, G. M. Oleinik, E. V. Grabovski, Ya. N. Laukhin, A. N. Gribov, Pavel V. Sasorov, G. S. Volkov, I. N. Frolov, and A. N. Gritsuk
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Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Implosion ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Radius ,Tungsten ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Electric field ,Pinch ,Electric current ,business - Abstract
Results are presented from experimental studies of the spatial distribution of the density of matter in the central part of the discharge gap and the formation of the temporal profile of the X-ray power in the course of implosion of quasi-spherical wire arrays at discharge currents of up to 4 MA. The spatial distribution of the X-ray intensity in the central part of the discharge gap and the temporal profile of the X-ray power are used as implosion characteristics of quasi-spherical wire arrays. The quasi-spherical arrays were formed by the radial stretching of unstrained wires of initially cylindrical and conical wire arrays under the action of the electrostatic field. The temporal profile of the output X-ray pulse in the photon energy range of 0.1–1 keV is shown to depend on both the geometrical parameters of the quasi-spherical array and the longitudinal distribution of its mass. It is found that a 40% increase in the wire mass due to deposition of an additional mass in the equatorial region of a quasi-spherical array leads to a 15% increase in the average current radius of the pinch and a 30% decrease in the X-ray yield. Experiments with quasi-spherical arrays made of kapron fibers with deposited Al and Bi conducting layers were also carried out. It is demonstrated that application of such arrays makes it possible to control the profile and duration of the generated X-ray pulse by varying the mass, material, and location of the deposited layer. It is found that deposition of an additional mass in the form of a thin Bi stripe on tungsten wires near the cathode end of the array allows one to mitigate the influence of the cathode zipper effect on the pinch compression and formation of the X-ray pulse in tungsten arrays. more...
- Published
- 2012
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15. A radiation foil bolometer for measuring the energy losses of fast Z-pinches
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G. S. Volkov, O. V. Terent’ev, and N. I. Lakhtyushko
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Physics ,business.industry ,Bolometer ,Energy flux ,Radiant energy ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Photoelectric effect ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Pinch ,business ,Instrumentation ,FOIL method - Abstract
A radiation foil bolometer intended for measuring radiation-energy fluxes and plasma flows in high-power pulsed plasma X-ray sources is studied. In the bolometer, the radiation or ion-flow energy is absorbed by a 13-μm-thick niobium foil preliminarily heated to T ≈ 1900 K by a quasi-constant current lasting 2 s. Radiation from the foil was fed through an 8-m-long light guide to a semiconductor photodetector. The sensitivity of the instrument obtained from the results of calibrations is 0.56 J/V cm2. The time resolution of this technique (∼2.5 μs) is determined by the foil heating time. In experiments with megaampere Z-pinches, the time resolution attained allows detection of the radiation energy independently of the energy of expanding plasma flows. In this case, the photoelectric effect from X-rays and the conductivity of expanding plasma do not affect the operation of the radiation bolometer. The working capacity of the bolometer was demonstrated at the Angara-5-1 facility in experiments with high-current Z-pinches with a radiation output energy of 50–100 kJ/pulse. The measurements performed have shown that the energy flux density of plasma expanding in the direction perpendicular to the pinch axis is at most 5% of the energy flux density of soft X-rays. more...
- Published
- 2010
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16. Study of the generation of the 13.5-nm EUV radiation from Sn ions in a CO2 laser-produced plasma
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V. E. Cherkovets, Yu. B. Smakovskii, A. A. Rupasov, Yu. A. Satov, G. S. Volkov, V. K. Rerikh, V. I. Zaitsev, K. N. Makarov, Anatoly P. Napartovich, and A. E. Stepanov
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Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Extreme ultraviolet lithography ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Charged particle ,Ion ,law.invention ,law ,Atomic physics ,Lithography - Abstract
Results are presented from experimental and theoretical studies of the efficiency of using a CO2 laser to create a high-power source of 13- to 14-nm EUV radiation for lithography. For a laser intensity of ∼2 × 1011 W/cm2, a conversion efficiency of kEUV ≃ 1.5% was achieved on a plane solid Sn target. The calculated gas dynamics and population kinetics of Sn plasma ions agree qualitatively with experimental results. more...
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- 2010
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17. Soft X-ray point source based on a gas pinch
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V. I. Zaitsev, A. S. Boldarev, G. S. Volkov, I. A. Barykov, E. V. Grabovskii, Vladimir A. Gasilov, and V. V. Aleksandrov
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Soft x ray ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Solid-state physics ,business.industry ,Point source ,Nozzle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radiation ,Neon ,Optics ,chemistry ,Pinch ,Atomic physics ,business - Abstract
The results of a study of a radiating Z-pinch with a profiled initial gas-density distribution over the z axis are presented. The gas distribution with the density maximum and transverse-size minimum at the discharge-gap center is formed by a pulsed gas valve with a specially designed nozzle. The parameters of X-ray radiation are measured for pinches formed in gaseous neon at currents of up to 200 kA. The experimentally selected gas density ensures the formation of a region with a typical size of less than 1 mm at the discharge-gap center. This region emits X-ray radiation in the keV photon-energy range in a time of less than 5 ns. Prospects for the development of an X-ray source based on this mechanism are discussed. more...
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- 2009
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18. Use of conical wire arrays for modeling three-dimensional MHD implosion effects
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A. A. Samokhin, E. V. Grabovski, G. M. Oleinik, S. F. Medovshchikov, Vladimir A. Gasilov, I. N. Frolov, G. S. Volkov, A. N. Gritsuk, A. N. Gribov, V. I. Zaĭtsev, S.V. D'yachenko, V. V. Aleksandrov, K. N. Mitrofanov, O. G. Ol’khovskaja, Pavel V. Sasorov, and Ya. N. Laukhin more...
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Implosion ,Fluid mechanics ,Plasma ,Mechanics ,Conical surface ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Pinch ,Generatrix ,Ligand cone angle ,Magnetohydrodynamics ,Atomic physics - Abstract
Results are presented from experimental studies and numerical simulations of three-dimensional dynamics of the plasma produced in the Angara-5-1 facility by the electrical implosion of conical wire arrays at currents of up to 3 MA. The arrays were made of 6-to 8-μm-diameter tungsten wires, the inclination angle of the generatrix with respect to the axis being from 15° to 42°. The results of two-dimensional MHD simulations are compared with experimental data. The formation dynamics of the plasma precursor is found to be different for cylindrical and conical arrays. As the cone angle increases, the duration of the X-ray pulse increases, while the height of the pinch radiating zone decreases. more...
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- 2008
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19. Collective ion acceleration during the decay of a high-current Z-pinch
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A. V. Kartashov, N. I. Lakhtyushko, G. S. Volkov, and V. I. Zaitsev
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Physics ,Acceleration ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Thermal velocity ,Ambipolar diffusion ,Z-pinch ,Pinch ,Implosion ,Plasma diagnostics ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
A study is made of the Z-pinch plasma expansion after the current is switched off. Measurements were carried out in experiments on the implosion of tungsten wire arrays in the Angara-5-1 facility. It is found experimentally that, at a distance of 2 m from the pinch, the ion velocity in the expanding Z-pinch plasma is about (2.5–4.0) × 107 cm/s, which substantially exceeds the thermal velocity of tungsten ions. A model describing the plasma expansion process is proposed that is based on the ambipolar acceleration mechanism. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the experimental data. more...
- Published
- 2008
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20. High-current Z-pinch disintegration and the problem of peripheral equipment protection
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V. I. Zaitsev, A. V. Kartashov, N. I. Lakhtyushko, Ye. V. Grabovsky, G. S. Volkov, and Yu. V. Andryanov
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Materials science ,Ambipolar diffusion ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mechanics ,Plasma ,Tungsten ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,Z-pinch ,Shutter ,Thermal ,Current (fluid) ,Decay product - Abstract
The process of Z-pinch decay upon current termination is considered. The experimental data obtained for the Angara-5-1 facility on compression of multiwire tungsten liners are discussed. It is shown that among the decay products there are microparticles of the eroded liner construction material and plasma fluxes. It was determined that the plasma flow velocities exceeded the ‘thermal’ velocities of the Z-pinch plasma. A model for the description of the process of ion acceleration based on an ambipolar mechanism is suggested. Precautions for protection of the peripheral equipment against the decay products of Z-pinch are discussed and protective components are studied. A fast electromagnetic shutter is used for protection from microparticles. more...
- Published
- 2008
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21. Study of Z-pinch X-ray emission in the implosion of fiber arrays at the angara-5-1 facility
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G. M. Oleinik, Alexander P. Shevelko, K. N. Mitrofanov, V. V. Aleksandrov, I. G. Malutin, G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovskiy, and A. N. Gritsuk
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Materials science ,Grazing incidence diffraction ,business.industry ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radius ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Hohlraum ,Z-pinch ,Fiber ,Emission spectrum ,Atomic physics ,business - Abstract
The present study describes the data on the current implosion of arrays made of kapron fibers coated with layers of metals: Al, In, Sn, Bi. Experimental data on the energy and pulse power of soft X-ray radiation (SXR) in the axial and radial directions in the energy range 0.02–2 keV were obtained by two sets of XRD detectors [1]. Spectral characteristics of the SXR source in a Z-pinch implosion of kapron fiber arrays were obtained using a grazing incidence diffraction spectrometer (GIS) in the radial direction with spatial resolution along the radius of the array. It is shown that the presence of kapron fiber matter defines the characteristics of SXR emitted by a Z-pinch in the radial and axial directions. A distinctive feature of the time profiles of XRD signals, which measure the power of SXR in the axial direction, is the presence of the second peak, which is strongly suppressed in the radial direction. It was found that power, total energy and emission spectra depend on the amount of metal-coated fibers and the mass of the layer of metal deposited on them, but do not depend on the characteristics of the material: its density, atomic number, etc. Frames of X-ray images show that the Z-pinches obtained with metal-coated kapron fiber implosion are characterized by increased stability and a lower growth rate of MHD perturbations compared to wire arrays. Slower intensity of plasma production from kapron fibers [2] leads to the fact that the plasma formed in the fiber periphery out of its material forms a layer which acts as a hohlraum wall, locking in the SXR of the Z-pinch formed during the implosion of the material of the deposited layer. It is shown that the overlap of the anode aperture doubles emission energy in the radial direction. more...
- Published
- 2015
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22. Cylindrical and quasi-spherical wire arrays investigation on Angara-5-1 and Baikal project
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V. V. Djangobegov, A.P. Lototsky, A. N. Gribov, V. A. Gasilov, S. F. Medovschikov, E. V. Grabovski, V. I. Zaitsev, V. P. Smirnov, G. M. Oleinik, A. O. Schishlov, A. N. Gritsuk, G. S. Volkov, S. I. Tkachenko, A. V. Branitskii, V. V. Aleksandrov, Pavel V. Sasorov, O. G. Olkhovskay, Alexander P. Shevelko, and K. N. Mitrofanov more...
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Linear density ,Materials science ,Mass distribution ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Implosion ,Tungsten ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,Optics ,chemistry ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Fiber ,business ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
In SRC RF TRINITI investigated implosion of cylindrical and quasi-spherical wire arrays. Such arrays are made of metal wires and plastic fibers both coated by metal. For three-dimensional quasi-spherical arrays implosion the technique was developed to produce wires or fiber with a given distribution of linear mass along the wires. That mass distribution needs for good implosion to the center of array. The wires and fibers was formed by spraying a metal on wire or fiber. We have also developed the technique of manufacture of only tungsten wire with a given distribution of mass per unit length. more...
- Published
- 2015
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23. Z-pinch X-ray polarisation research
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V. I. Zaitsev, N. I. Lakhtyushko, G. S. Volkov, and M. V. Fedulov
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Electron density ,Materials science ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Plasma parameters ,Z-pinch ,X-ray ,Pinch ,Electron temperature ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ion - Abstract
The results of investigations into the polarisation of line radiation of the multiple charged ion plasma of high-current Z-pinches are presented in this paper. The experiments were performed on the ‘Angara-5-1’ facility at Z-pinch currents of 2.5–3.5MA. A dense high-temperature pinch was produced by the compression of a hollow Ar gas jet injected by an electromagnetic valve with a supersonic nozzle. In the process of pinch compression, the following plasma parameters were achieved: electron density n e ∼ 1021cm−3 and electron temperature Te ∼1keV. The radiation spectrum was measured by the use of a crystal spectrograph in which mica (2d=19.9 A)served as a disperse element. The spectrum of the He-like ion of Ar was detected in reflection orders II and III. On the basis of the measurements performed, conclusions on the degree of polarisation of the plasma radiation have been drawn. more...
- Published
- 2005
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24. X-ray radiation of Z-pinch source
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V. I. Zaitsev, A. A. Rupasov, A. V. Kartashov, N. I. Lahtushko, G. S. Volkov, and A. S. Shikanov
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Physics ,business.industry ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Particle detector ,Calorimeter ,Polychromator ,Optics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Z-pinch ,Calibration ,Pinch ,business ,Spectrograph - Abstract
The spectral characteristics of the plasma radiation of a gas Z-pinch with a rise time of 1μs and a current amplitude of 250 kA have been measured. The measurements were performed in the range of X-ray energy quanta from 30 eV to 600 eV. A spectrograph with a transmission grating and a polychromator on the basis of multilayer X-ray mirrors served as the diagnostic device. Absolutely calibrated semi-conducting detectors AXUV-5 were used as radiation detectors in the polychromator. The full pinch radiation loss was measured with a thermocouple calorimeter. The radiation of He-, Li- and Be-like ions has been shown to dominate at the stage of maximum compression of the nitrogen Z-pinch. The results of the spectral measurements were employed for the absolute calibration of various X-ray detectors. Some of these calibration results are presented in this paper. more...
- Published
- 2005
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25. A Z Pinch-Based Source of Selective Soft X Rays
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G. S. Volkov and V. I. Zaitsev
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Flux ,Radiation ,Metrology ,Microsecond ,Optics ,Z-pinch ,business ,Instrumentation ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
A setup for metrological measurements of X rays in the energy range of 50–1000 eV is described. A Z pinch with a discharge time of a few microseconds is used as the X-ray source. Radiation of a given energy is selected with the help of multilayer X-ray mirrors in combination with special X-ray filters. Along with the tested detector, an absolutely calibrated reference AXUV-5 detector is used to determine the density of incident X-ray flux in each energy range. The measured characteristics of some detectors are presented. more...
- Published
- 2004
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26. An X-ray Backlighting Technique Based on Using X-Pinch Radiation for\011 Probing the Plasma of Multiwire Imploding Liners at the Angara-5-1 Facility
- Author
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I. Yu. Porofeev, G. S. Volkov, M. V. Zurin, G. M. Oleinik, E. V. Grabovskii, and K. N. Mitrofanov
- Subjects
Physics ,Photon ,Optics ,business.industry ,Point source ,Pinch ,X-ray ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radiation ,business ,Instrumentation ,Diode - Abstract
A method for determining the substance density distribution in the plasma produced by a current-driven implosion of multiwire tungsten liners at the Angara-5-1 facility is described. This method is based on the X-ray probing of plasma with radiation from a point source. As a source of this radiation, an X pinch is used. The time resolution ( more...
- Published
- 2004
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27. Interferometric measurements of the plasma density at the Z-pinch periphery in the angara-5-1 facility
- Author
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S. L. Nedoseev, I. N. Frolov, G. M. Oleinik, G. G. Zukakischvili, V. P. Smirnov, A. A. Samokhin, Pavel V. Sasorov, I. Y. Porofeev, E. V. Grabovsky, G. S. Volkov, V. V. Alexandrov, K. N. Mitrofanov, and M. V. Zurin more...
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Physics ,Electron density distribution ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Z-pinch ,Implosion ,Wire array ,Mechanics ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mass fraction ,Plasma density distribution ,Plasma density - Abstract
In the physics of the wire array implosion the amount of the substance left on the periphery of the initial wire array at the moment of final liner implosion is an essential factor. Estimates show that plasma with a small mass fraction (a few percent of the initial wire array mass) may shunt an appreciable current fraction which can result in changing output characteristics of implosion. The given paper reports the investigation into the plasma density distribution on the periphery of the initial wire array near the moment of final implosion. more...
- Published
- 2004
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28. Plasma Diagnostics at the Angara-5-1 Facility
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I. Yu. Porofeev, I. N. Frolov, G. M. Oleinik, V. I. Zaitsev, K. N. Mitrofanov, M. V. Zurin, S. L. Nedoseev, G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovskii, V. P. Smirnov, and G. G. Zukakishvili
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Physics ,Wavelength ,Optics ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Implosion ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma diagnostics ,Radiation ,Tungsten ,business ,Instrumentation ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
The set of diagnostic techniques used at the Angara-5-1 facility that make it possible to study the processes which accompany the ultrafast current-driven implosion of liners is described. This set includes electric methods and methods for the detection of various radiations. The liner-plasma shapes are visualized by detecting the intrinsic liner radiation in various wavelength ranges and actively probing liners in the visible and X-ray regions. Examples of the results of studying the current-driven implosion of cylindrical arrays of tungsten wires at the Angara-5-1 facility are presented. more...
- Published
- 2004
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29. X-ray backlighting of the axial region of a multiwire liner plasma in the angara-5-1 facility
- Author
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K. N. Mitrofanov, G. S. Volkov, G. M. Oleinik, and E. V. Grabovskii
- Subjects
Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,PIN diode ,X-ray ,Pulse duration ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Backlight ,Photon energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Cascade ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
Results are presented from experiments on the X-ray backlighting of the axial region of an imploding high-current multiwire liner. Backlighting was performed with the use of an X-pinch serving as a source of soft X-ray emission, which was recorded by pin diodes. The use of several filters with different passbands in front of the pin diodes allowed the interpretation of the results of measurements in experiments with cascade composite liners. The sensitivity of the diagnostics was ≈125 µg/cm2 for a plasma of high-Z elements (W) and ≈220 µg/cm2 for a plasma of low-Z elements (C, O, N) at a photon energy of the probing radiation of 1.0–1.5 keV. An advantage of the method is its high time resolution (≈1 ns) and the possibility of the separation in time of the emission bursts from Z-and X-pinches on the liner axis. The method does not impose restrictions on the pulse duration of the backlighting radiation source. more...
- Published
- 2004
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30. Experimental and numerical studies of plasma production in the initial stage of implosion of a cylindrical wire array
- Author
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A. G. Alekseev, G. S. Volkov, I. N. Frolov, I. N. Rastyagaev, A. A. Samokhin, V. N. Amosov, M. M. Basko, E. V. Grabovskii, G. M. Oleinik, A. V. Krasilnikov, V. P. Smirnov, Pavel V. Sasorov, and V. V. Aleksandrov more...
- Subjects
Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Shell (structure) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Tungsten ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Corona ,chemistry ,Ionization ,Heat transfer ,Atomic physics ,Voltage - Abstract
The features are studied of plasma production in the initial stage of implosion of hollow cylindrical wire arrays at electric-field growth rates of 1012 V/(cm s). The results are presented from the analysis of both UV emission from the wire plasma and the discharge parameters in the initial stage of the formation of a Z-pinch discharge. It is found that, a few nanoseconds after applying voltage to a tungsten wire array, a plasma shell arises on the wire surface and the array becomes a heterogeneous system consisting of metal wire cores and a plasma surrounding each wire (a plasma corona). As a result, the current switches from the wires to the plasma. A further heating and ionization of the wire material are due primarily to heat transfer from the plasma corona. A model describing the primary breakdown along the wires is created with allowance for the presence of low-Z impurities on the wire surface. more...
- Published
- 2003
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- View/download PDF
31. Prolonged plasma production at current-driven implosion of wire arrays on Angara-5-1 facility
- Author
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I. Yu. Porofeev, A.A. Samokhin, E. V. Grabovsky, V. P. Smirnov, V. V. Alexandrov, I. N. Frolov, G. S. Volkov, M.M. Zurin, Pavel V. Sasorov, G. M. Oleinik, M. V. Fedulov, K. N. Mitrofanov, G. G. Zukakischvili, and S. L. Nedoseev more...
- Subjects
Azimuth ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Optics ,Dense plasma focus ,business.industry ,Z-pinch ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Wire array ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business ,Azimuthal magnetic field - Abstract
Results of experimental investigation and modeling of prolonged plasma production during implosion of cylindrical wire arrays are presented. Results of the radiography of dense cores of imploding wire array and the measurements of internal azimuthal magnetic field in wire array give new experimental evidences of prolonged plasma production phenomenon. This phenomenon is an important property of current-driven implosion of the wire arrays at current rise rates /spl sim/(0.5-1)10/sup 14/ A/s. The prolonged plasma production can determine the current and the density profiles before final stage of a Z pinch compression, and also in the moment of Z pinch stagnation. From this point of view, the requirement that residual uncompressed plasma should not shunt the current at the discharge periphery becomes of the greatest importance. The conditions exist when the prolonged plasma production isn't an obstacle for the achievement of high-power X-ray emission from Z pinch. Presented experimental results on multiwire array implosion can be explained on the basis of prolonged plasma production without referring to multiwire array azimuthal structure. more...
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Dynamics of Heterogeneous Liners with Prolonged Plasma Creation
- Author
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I.N. Frolov, V. V. Aleksandrov, V. P. Smirnov, E. V. Grabovskii, A.A. Samokhin, G. M. Oleinik, G. S. Volkov, S. L. Nedoseev, M. V. Fedulov, A. V. Branitskii, Pavel V. Sasorov, and M. V. Zurin
- Subjects
Cross section (physics) ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Phase (matter) ,Shell (structure) ,Resilience (materials science) ,Radius ,Mechanics ,Plasma ,Electric current ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Compression (physics) - Abstract
Prolonged plasma creation in heterogeneous liners, in which the liner substance is separated into two phase states (a hot plasma and a cold skeleton), is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. This situation is typical of multiwire, foam, and even gas liners in high-current high-voltage facilities. The main mechanisms governing the rate at which the plasma is created are investigated, and the simplest estimates of the creation rate are presented. It is found that, during prolonged plasma creation, the electric current flows through the entire cross section of the produced plasma shell, whose thickness is comparable with the liner radius; in other words, a current skin layer does not form. During compression, such a shell is fairly stable because of its relatively high resilience. It is shown that, under certain conditions, even a thick plasma shell can be highly compressed toward the discharge axis. A simplified numerical simulation of the compression of a plasma shell in a liner with prolonged plasma creation is employed in order to determine the conditions for achieving regimes of fairly compact and relatively stable radial compression of the shell. more...
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Spectral measurements of radiation from a microsecond gas Z-pinch
- Author
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A. V. Kartashov, N. I. Lakhtyushko, A. A. Rupasov, A. S. Shikanov, S. V. Zakharov, G. S. Volkov, M. I. Ivanov, S. Yu. Aleksandrin, and V. I. Zaitsev
- Subjects
Materials science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plasma ,Spectral line ,Ion ,Microsecond ,chemistry ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Z-pinch ,Ionization ,Pinch ,Atomic physics ,Instrumentation ,Helium - Abstract
The results of spectral measurements of radiation from microsecond gas Z-pinch are presented. The pinch current is 250 kA with a rise time of 1 μs. At the maximum nitrogen-pinch compression, the radiation spectrum corresponds to the emission of helium-, lithium-, and beryllium-like ions. The spectral-intensity peak lies within the spectral range 15–25 nm, which corresponds to the 2s-3p transitions of Li-and Be-like ions and to higher-energy transitions of these ionization states (2s-4p, 2s-5p, and 2s-6p). The spectra are measured in the first, second, and third diffraction orders. The total yield of X rays measured by a thermocouple-based calorimeter was 45 J at a 2-kJ electric energy stored in the capacitor bank. The pinch-radiation intensity and the spectra obtained experimentally are compared to the results of two-dimensional simulation of the emitting-plasma plasma dynamics using the ZETA radiation-magnetic hydrodynamic code. more...
- Published
- 2006
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34. X-Ray Radiation Characteristics of Nested-Wire Array Implosion in Sino-Russian Joint Z-pinch Experiments on Angara-5-1
- Author
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Li Zheng-Hong, Xu Ze-Ping, V. V. Alexandrov, Ning Jia-min, Yang Jian-Lun, Guo Cun, K. N. Mitrofanov, GU Yuan-Chao, Ding Ning, S. L. Nedoseev, Hua Xin-Sheng, E. V. Grabovsky, I. A. Porofeev, M. V. Zurin, I. N. Frolov, G. S. Volkov, LI Lin-Bo, V. P. Smirnov, Xia Guang-Xin, Liu Qiang, Xu Rong-Kun, and G. M. Oleynic more...
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Laser ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Z-pinch ,Shadowgraph ,Waveform ,business ,Diode - Abstract
We report and discuss the results of x-ray radiation measurements in the Sino-Russian joint Z-Pinch experiments on Angara-5-1 facility with a load current of 2.5–3.6 MA. The measurements were conducted by using an x-ray power meter (XRPM) and a time-resolved one-dimensional x-ray imaging system developed in China Academy of Engineering Physics. The experimental results indicate that an x-ray power-platform prior to a main peak and a less intensive sub-peak after the main peak in the waveform exist for the nested-wire array implosions, and the radiation process is relatively faster than that in the case of the single array. Laser shadowgraph of the imploding plasma suggests that the prior power-platform is a result of the collision of the inner-outer plasma layers. The faster radiation process of nested array implosion can be explained by analysing the corresponding result of the time-resolved one-dimensional imaging system, which demonstrates a better axial imploding uniformity and synchronization. In comparison with x-ray diode, the XRPM yields a higher height of x-ray power-platform due to its flat energy response. The sub-peak after the main peak is proposed to be a result of the later-time additional implosion of plasma. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Wire array investigation on Angara-5–1 and Baikal project
- Author
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E. V. Grabovski, G. S. Volkov, Pavel V. Sasorov, Alexander P. Shevelko, O. G. Olkhovskay, K. N. Mitrofanov, A. N. Gribov, V. I. Zaitsev, G. M. Oleinik, V. V. Aleksandrov, V. A. Gasilov, A.P. Lototsky, V. I. Engelko, and A. N. Gritsuk more...
- Subjects
Thermonuclear fusion ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Implosion ,Conical surface ,Spectral line ,law.invention ,Ignition system ,Wavelength ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Plasma diagnostics ,business ,Image resolution - Abstract
Summary form only given. At TRINITI cylindrical and conical wire liners are being studied on the Angara-5-1. The design of quasi-spherical wire arrays has been tested. 3-D compression take place in the quasi-spherical arrays. At the implosion on Angara-5-1 of the quasi-spherical arrays with spatially profiled linear mass the increase of density of plasma energy up to 5 times in comparison with cylindrical wire arrays. The different soft x-ray spectra with the spatial resolution obtain for cylindrical and quasi-spherical wire arrays. To obtain this spectra reflecting grating spectrometer is developed. The dependence of radiating area diameter on wave length at implosion of cylindrical and quasi-spherical wire arrays from soft x-ray spectra with spatial resolution was received. The SRC RF TRINITI started building a thermonuclear installation "Baikal" of 50 MA current with the goal of undertaking experiments on thermonuclear target ignition. Pulse power systems for this installation is developed by Efremov institute. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Experimental study of Z-pinch radiation spectra at the Angara-5-1 facility
- Author
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A N Gritsuk, V V Alexandrov, I G Malyutin, K. N. Mitrofanov, E. V. Grabovsky, G. S. Volkov, and G. M. Oleinik
- Subjects
Physics ,History ,Range (particle radiation) ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Radiation ,Photon energy ,Spectral line ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Pulse (physics) ,Optics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Z-pinch ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Atomic physics ,business - Abstract
The results of measuring the energy, power and spectrum of the soft X-ray radiation (SXR) pulse at the Angara-5-1 facility in the photon energy range of 0.02 – 2 kV are presented. A comparison of the SXR emitted in axial and radial directions is presented. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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37. Temperature dynamics in a multicharge ion plasma generated by CO2 laser pulses
- Author
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K. N. Makarov, V. I. Zaitsev, G. S. Volkov, V. K. Rerikh, Yu A Satov, and A. E. Stepanov
- Subjects
Polychromator ,Range (particle radiation) ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Time evolution ,Energy level ,Electron temperature ,Plasma ,Emission spectrum ,Atomic physics ,Ion - Abstract
Time evolution of the X-ray spectrum of a lead ion plasma generated by CO2 laser pulses with an energy of 100 J and a duration of 15 ns was measured using an X-ray polychromator with six channels covering the quantum energy range from 180 to 1850 eV. The plasma temperature was determined by comparing the results of measurements with the calculated X-ray emission spectra. The electron temperature measured well agrees with the calculated data. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Measurement of temperature evolution for the laser ion source plasma
- Author
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V. I. Zaitsev, G. S. Volkov, Yu A Satov, K. N. Makarov, V.C. Roerich, and A. E. Stepanov
- Subjects
Materials science ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Temperature measurement ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Ion source ,law.invention ,Polychromator ,law ,Electron temperature ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Atomic physics ,Radiant intensity - Abstract
Temporal evolution of X-ray spectra of lead plasma produced by a CO2 laser pulse with energy of 100 J and a duration of 15 ns has been measured using a six-channel X-ray polychromator. The polychromator registered the radiation intensity in the range from 180 to 1850 eV. Plasma temperature was determined by comparison of measured results with radiation spectra obtained by numerical simulation. The values of electron temperature are in good agreement with results of hydro simulations. more...
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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39. Evaluation of the cracking resistance of 15Kh2MFA steel in large sections on the basis of the results of tests on small specimens
- Author
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V. A. Rakovskii, V. V. Pokrovskii, V. G. Kaplunenko, V. P. Naumenko, and G. S. Volkov
- Subjects
Moment (mathematics) ,Cracking ,J integral ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Mechanics of Materials ,business.industry ,Solid mechanics ,Cleavage (geology) ,Structural engineering ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
On the basis of the results of tests on small compact specimens with top notches 12 and 24 ram thick and large compact specimens 150 mm thick made of 15Kh2MFA steel it is shown that the cracking resistance of this steel in large sections (JIc) can be estimated with the acceptable accuracy on the basis of the typical values of the J1 integral determined on small specimens both at the moment of initiation of ductile separation and at the moment of the start of unstable cleavage failure. The data obtained in the latter case are used to predict the value of JIc on the basis of the statistical model of the weak member. Both approaches provide a conservative estimate of JIc, but the starting values of JI integral are preferred because of the smaller scatter of the data and problems in inducing cleavage failure on small specimens. more...
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Absolute photometry of pulsed intense fluxes of ultrasoft X-ray radiation
- Author
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L. A. Shmaenok, S. V. Bobashev, V I Zaitsev, Yu. Ya. Platonov, A. V. Golubev, N. N. Salashchenko, and G S Volkov
- Subjects
Physics ,Photon ,business.industry ,Photoionization ,Radiation ,Photon energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Photometry (optics) ,Polychromator ,Optics ,Ionization ,business ,Mathematical Physics ,Electron ionization - Abstract
A method of absolute intensity measurement of intensive impulse fluxes has been described. Method and primary absolute detector device - photoionization quantometer - are based on fundamental cross sections of photoionization and ionization by electron impact. New soft X-ray optic elements - multilayer mirrors (MLM) were tested and used for constructing a 10-channel spectroanalyzer (polychromator) for photon energy range 0.1-1.0 keV. Results of polychromator using at "Angara-5-1" installation are presented. more...
- Published
- 1991
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41. Numerical modelling of plasma ablation in the multiwire arrays experiments
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Elena Kartasheva, O. G. Olkhovskaya, V. V. Alexandrov, Ya. N. Laukhin, A. A. Samokhin, G. S. Volkov, G.M. Oleynik, A. N. Gribov, V. P. Smirnov, P.V. Sasorov, S. F. Medovschikov, A. S. Boldarev, E. V. Grabovskiy, I. N. Frolov, V.I. Zayatsev, A. N. Gritsuk, S.V. D'yatchenko, K. N. Mitrofanov, and V. A. Gasilov more...
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Physics ,Optics ,Computer simulation ,business.industry ,Z-pinch ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Mechanics ,Electric current ,Magnetohydrodynamics ,business ,Plasma stability ,Magnetic field - Abstract
The work is devoted to some problems in numerical modelling plasma generated in the course of magnetic implosion of multiwire arrays (liners) in Z-pinch discharge mode, including numerical and theoretical analysis of quasispherical imploding conical wire arrays. Experiments were performed at ANGARA-5-1 facility (TRINITI) with the discharge current up to 3 MA. The numerical simulations were carried out on the base of 2D RMHD code MARPLE (IMM RAS). An appropriate description of the early phase of plasma generation during the electrical explosion of wires is a real challenge in MHD modeling of these experiments, in our computations we used the plasma ablation model, which allows to obtain more realistic results as compared with the models where the entire wires are considered to be initially already in plasma state. According to the experimental data we assume that the wire skeleton is stable during the overall time of the plasma generation as its density is significantly more than that of the surrounding plasma. Besides that the skeleton carries essentially less electric current than the plasma. The plasma ablation process lasts until the total wire skeleton evaporation. Experiments show that in the case of current pulse matched load the plasma generation is finished soon after the current maximum. Taking into account small diameter of the wires as compared with interwire gaps and the array dimensions plasma production is simulated by a steady source surface placed inside the computational domain. The mass ablation rate at the unit of the source surface is calculated with respect to the local distribution of the magnetic field induction. The numerical experiments showed that the plasma ablation model has a significant effect on both the entire scheme of plasma dynamics and such values as voltage drop at the load and soft X-ray yield power. The improvement of the ablation model parameters based on experimental and theoretical estimations is an issue of the day in 2D and 3D Z-pinch simulations. more...
- Published
- 2008
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42. MHD simulation of conical plasma liners implosion
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V. V. Alexandrov, Ya. N. Laukhin, I. N. Frolov, G.M. Oleynik, V.I. Zayatsev, A. N. Gritsuk, A. N. Gribov, A. S. Boldarev, K. N. Mitrofanov, E. V. Grabovskiy, V. A. Gasilov, S. F. Medovschikov, P.V. Sasorov, V. P. Smirnov, O. Golkhovskaya, A. A. Samokhin, S.V. D'yatchenko, G. S. Volkov, and Elena Kartasheva more...
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Physics ,Computer simulation ,Opacity ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Physics::Space Physics ,Emissivity ,Implosion ,Mechanics ,Conical surface ,Plasma ,Magnetohydrodynamics ,Atomic physics ,Voltage drop - Abstract
MHD numerical simulations are applied for multiparameter studies of quasi-spherical magnetic compression of plasma liners created by conical multiwire arrays electrical explosion at ANGARA-5-1 facility (TRINITI) with the discharge current 2 to 3 MA and the pulse rise time about 100 ns. The description of the plasma dynamics at different stages of implosion is reproduced as a result of simulation. Numerical and experimental time profiles of voltage drop at the load and soft X-ray yield power are compared. The effect of the geometry changes upon the implosion process is studied. Numerical simulation is based on 2D RMHD code MARPLE (IMM RAS) using unstructured triangular grids. The code implements one-fluid two-temperature MHD model, grid-characteristic method for radiative energy transfer and the model of prolonged plasma ablation to simulate plasma source. The governing MHD system of is completed by electrical equation for the full circuit including the generator itself, leading-in systems and the discharge chamber with the plasma in it. Equations of state, transport and kinetic coefficients, opacity and emissivity coefficients are taken from the tables. The behavior of the discharge is satisfactorily described in general by the above RMHD model. The plasma ablation model appeared to have a significant effect on both the entire scheme of plasma dynamics and such values as voltage drop at the load and soft X-ray yield power. The improvement of this model based on experimental and theoretical estimations is an issue of the day in 2D and 3D Z-pinch simulations. The MARPLE code calibrated against the conical liners simulations proved to be a useful tool for computations aimed to optimization of the experimental setup for 3D implosion of plasma. more...
- Published
- 2008
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43. The 'Baikal' project and investigations of radiating Z-pinches at the 'Angara-5-1' facility
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A. N. Gribov, A. A. Samokhin, S.V. D'yachenko, M. K. Krylov, A. N. Gritsouk, A.P. Lototsky, M. V. Fedulov, A.A. Nikolashin, I. N. Frolov, A.M. Zhitlukhin, E. V. Grabovski, Ya. N. Laukhin, V. P. Smirnov, A.S. Boldarev, V.A. Afanasyev, N.M. Efremof, S.F. Medovshikov, K. N. Mitrofanov, Elena Kartasheva, V. I. Zaitsev, G. S. Volkov, Vladimir A. Gasilov, G.N. Khomutinnikov, G. M. Oleinik, V.P. Bakhtin, S. Seryakov, Pavel V. Sasorov, V. V. Aleksandrov, and O. G. Ol’khovskaya more...
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Physics ,Z-pinch ,Electron temperature ,Plasma diagnostics ,Conical surface ,Radius ,Electron ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Computational physics ,Magnetic field - Abstract
Work on Z-pinches, that is under way at the SRC RF TRINITI, is aimed at the resolution of two basic problems: to investigate the problem of physics of X-ray generation in a Z-pinch scheme with the goal of its application for ICF at the "Angara-5-1" facility to develop the engineering aspects of multimegampere facilities intended for using them in a Z-pinch scheme for ICF and making the "Baikal" project. At the "Angara-5-1 facility" the measurements of plasma production rates for the wire and foam liners were taken. It has been shown that for Mo, W, Cu, Fe, and Al a current sheath with a radial thickness much larger than the skin- layer forms. The value of the plasma production rate for these metals was obtained. In the case of the liner from agar-agar foam no formation of such a layer was observed. The spectral measurements taken in hybrid Al-W liners make it possible to estimate the electron temperature and concentration from the spectrum of Al ions. It is also shown that an addition of tungsten into the array compound at a constant mass leads to a decrease of not only the electron temperature but also the final radius of stagnation. The measurements of the hard X-radiation appearing at the moment close to a peak of the X-ray pulse are likely to indicate the formation of an several kiloamperes electron beam. The experiments with conical arrays consisting of tungsten wires demonstrate the effects which arise when the wire array is imploded both in radial and axial directions. For large cone angles there appear two separate radiating regions. The corresponding X-ray pulses have a double-peak structure. Calculations of such liner compression are used to test the programs describing both radial and axial plasma compression. The results obtained at the IMM RAS fairly well provide a quantitative description of the X-ray pulse structure. Such conical liners prove to be a promising tool to test complicated RMHD codes. A pulse generation scheme relevant to the "Baikal" project is under development at the MOL facility. A 30-fold reliable current multiplication in the inductive storage has been obtained. The storage energy was effectively transferred to the subsequent stage of formation, i.e. a magnetic amplifier. The current in the latter was multiplied by a factor of 1.55. At the "Angara-5-1" facility the MEVL code reporting the process of magnetic insulation arising in the in-parallel- connected magnetically insulated vacuum lines has been tested. more...
- Published
- 2008
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44. Influence of spatial coherence of laser radiation on the quality of images in a projection system with a Köhler-type fly's eye illuminator
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V E Matyushkov, G S Volkov, T. M. Makhviladze, D. Yu. Zaroslov, A A Shalapenok, K. A. Valiev, L. V. Velikov, and D R Il'kaev
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Physics ,Excimer laser ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Engineering ,Degree of coherence ,Radiation ,Laser ,law.invention ,Spatial coherence ,Optics ,Quality (physics) ,Projection system ,law ,medicine ,business ,Lithography - Abstract
Experimental and mathematical modeling methods were used in an investigation of the influence of the degree of coherence at the entry to an optical projection system on the quality of the resultant images. It is shown that laser projection lithography is possible in a system with a nonscanning K?hler-type fly's eye illuminator and an excimer laser as the light source. more...
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- 1990
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45. The coherence of excimer laser radiation in projection photolithography
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L. V. Velikov, G S Volkov, K. A. Valiev, and D. Yu. Zaroslov
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Materials science ,Excimer laser ,business.industry ,Image quality ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physics::Optics ,Pulse duration ,Radiation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Speckle pattern ,Optics ,law ,medicine ,Optoelectronics ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Photomask ,Photolithography ,business ,Coherence (physics) - Abstract
The coherence properties of light sources used in the projection lithographic systems strongly affect the photomask image quality reproduced on semiconductor wafer, because they determine the minimum resolvable feature size and the level of speckle in the image. The spatial coherence of excimer laser radiation is measured. A simple relation between the coherence of the excimer laser radiation and its divergency is presented. The dependence of excimer laser coherence on the width of intracavity apertures and the pulse duration is shown. The influence of the spatial coherence on the image quality in the projection system equipped with fly's eye element is considered. The optimization procedure of the radiation parameters and the fly's eye illuminator is described. more...
- Published
- 1990
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46. Investigation of the characteristics of an excimer laser with a narrow emission line
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K. A. Valiev, D. Yu. Zaroslov, L. V. Velikov, and G S Volkov
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Materials science ,Excimer laser ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Engineering ,Physics::Optics ,Grating ,Laser ,Excimer ,law.invention ,Autocollimation ,Optics ,law ,Spectral width ,medicine ,Optoelectronics ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Emission spectrum ,business ,Lasing threshold - Abstract
An investigation was made of the spatial coherence of excimer lasers in different resonator geometries. Lasing with a spectral width of 5 nm was obtained in a scheme using a grating in the autocollimation regime and a four-prism telescope. A discussion is given of the questions involved in employing excimer lasers having a narrow laser emission line in photolithographic projection systems. more...
- Published
- 1990
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47. Diagnostics of Plasma on Installation Angara-5-1
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S. L. Nedoseev, E. V. Grabovskii, V. P. Smirnov, I. N. Frolov, M. V. Zurin, G. G. Zukakishvili, K. N. Mitrofanov, G. S. Volkov, V. I. Zaitsev, I. Yu. Porofeev, and G. M. Oleinik
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Inductance ,Brightness ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Nuclear engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Implosion ,Plasma diagnostics ,Plasma ,Radiation ,Tungsten ,Atomic physics ,Particle detector - Abstract
Summary form given only. Complex of techniques for research superfast implosion of liners on installation Angara-5-1 includes electrotechnical methods, methods of registration of various radiations and active probing. Electrotechnical methods allow to evaluate the deposited in the liner power and energy, inductance of the liner. Use of microprobes allows to estimate distribution of density of a current inside the liner and the rate of plasma production. Visualization of the form of plasma of liners is carried out by registration of own radiation of liners in various ranges and active probing in visible and x-ray ranges. It allows to estimate distribution of density of substance inside the liner, distribution of brightness of various areas of the liner. Examples of the results of studying the current-driven implosion of cylindrical arrays of tungsten wires at the Angara-5-1 facility are presented. more...
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- 2007
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48. Investigations into radiating Z-pinches and the 'Baikal' project
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I. N. Frolov, I. Yu. Porofeev, A. N. Gritsuk, P.V. Sasorov, V.A. Afanasyev, M. K. Krylov, A.P. Lototsky, G. S. Volkov, S. L. Nedoseev, A.A. Nikolashin, A. N. Gribov, V. P. Smirnov, A.M. Zhitlukhin, N.M. Efremof, G.N. Khomutinnikov, G. Seryakov, G. I. Dolgachev, Ya. N. Laukhin, M. V. Fedulov, K. N. Mitrofanov, V. A. Glukhikh, V. V. Aleksandrov, Yu. G. Kalinin, S.F. Medovshikov, V.G. Kuchinsky, V.P. Bakhtin, A. S. Kingsep, L.V. Zagriadski, G. M. Oleinik, V. I. Zaitsev, E. V. Grabovski, and A. A. Samokhin more...
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Physics ,business.industry ,Nuclear engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Wire array ,law.invention ,Ignition system ,Generator (circuit theory) ,Inductance ,Current pulse ,law ,Z-pinch ,Radio frequency ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
In SRC RF TRINITI the physics of radiating Z pinches for application as a source of x-ray for ICF target ignition are under investigation. Simultaneously the works on a designing the module of the generator “Baikal” [1] which should deliver the current pulse up to 50 MA as a driver for radiating Z pinch are designed by co-operation of the RRC the Kurchatov Institute, the SRC RF TRINITI, the SUE NIIFA and RFNC VNIITF. Experiments for study of the wire array compression are conducted on the largest in Russia laboratory source of pulsed electric power “Angara-5-1” installation. more...
- Published
- 2007
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49. Peculiarities of Wire Array Implosion
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G. S. Volkov, V. P. Smirnov, V. I. Zaitsev, I. Yu. Porofeev, S. L. Nedoseev, M. V. Fedulov, K. N. Mitrofanov, A. A. Samokhin, E. V. Grabovski, S. F. Medovschikov, G. M. Oleinik, V. V. Aleksandrov, G. G. Zukakishvili, Pavel V. Sasorov, and I. N. Frolov more...
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Physics ,Core (optical fiber) ,Optics ,business.industry ,Z-pinch ,Implosion ,Radius ,Plasma ,Atomic physics ,Current (fluid) ,Electric current ,business ,Pulse (physics) - Abstract
The results of the experiments on Z‐pinch produced from wire arrays performed on the facility Angara‐5‐1 are presented. The models of liner implosion, i.e. prolonged plasma production have found their confirmation. Estimation based on our experimental data show that W wire cores are heterogeneous. The velocity of core expansion is determined by energy deposited at the first nanoseconds after current start. The effect of the inner array on the current distribution in the region between the arrays has been revealed. The «lost mass » was measured at initial radius of array at the moment of X‐ray pulse maximum. more...
- Published
- 2006
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50. Research of Nested Wire Array Emission and Implosion on Angara-5-1
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V.V. Aleksandrov, E.V. Grabovski, K. N. Mitrofanov, I. N. Frolov, G. M. Oleinik, M. V. Fedulov, Pavel V. Sasorov, G. G. Zukakishvili, A. A. Samokhin, G. S. Volkov, I. Yu. Porofeev, V. P. Smirnov, V. I. Zaitsev, S. L. Nedoseev, and S. F. Medovschikov more...
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Physics ,Optics ,Current distribution ,business.industry ,Z-pinch ,Implosion ,Plasma ,Wire array ,Atomic physics ,Space (mathematics) ,business - Abstract
The results of the experiments performed on the Angara-5-1 facility of Z-pinch produced from wire arrays are presented. The models of liner implosion, i.e. prolonged plasma production and "plasma rainstorm" have found their confirmation. The effect of the inner array on the current distribution in the space between the arrays has been revealed. more...
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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