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The secondary metabolism products of plants have influenced great economic interest, given their chemical diversity and biological activities. Because of this, this study evaluates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, insecticidal, and antioxidant activity of plant extracts and oil of Myrcia oblongata. Saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids were detected. The extracts showed antimicrobial capacity on the tested microorganisms, except for the methanolic extract, which showed no activity for P. mirabilis and S. enteritidis. Regarding the analysis of antioxidant compounds, the hexanic, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed higher antioxidant activities and also higher insecticidal performance on Alphitobius diaperinus larvae, resulting in 80% adult mortality. The results reported here show that there may be a relationship between antioxidant potential and the insecticidal effect of Myrcia oblongata DC. The components present in both the extract and the oil can be used as natural alternative to synthetic compounds in the biological control of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. Resumo Os produtos do metabolismo secundário das plantas têm despertado grande interesse econômico, dada sua diversidade química e atividades biológicas. Neste sentido, o estudo objetivou avaliar a composição fitoquímica, atividade antimicrobiana, inseticida e antioxidante dos extratos vegetais e óleo de Myrcia oblongata. Foram detectados a presença de saponinas, esteróides, triterpenóides, taninos e flavonóides. Os extratos apresentaram capacidade antimicrobiana sobre os microrganismos testados, exceto o extrato metanólico que não demonstrou atividade para P. mirabilis e S. Enteritidis. Quanto a análise de compostos antioxidantes observou-se que os extratos hexânico, acetato de etila e acetona apresentaram maiores atividades antioxidantes e também maior performance inseticida sobre a larva Alphitobius diaperinus e exibindo mortalidade de 80% na fase adulta. Os resultados aqui reportados mostram que pode haver uma relação entre potencial antioxidante e efeito inseticida do óleo de Myrcia oblongata; os componentes presentes tanto no extrato como o oléo podem ser utilizados como alternativa natural aos compostos sintéticos no controle biológico de parasitas e microrganismos patogênicos.

The mental burden associated with the activity of the control room operator has been the subject of study for ergonomics, which is interested in the strategies used during work situations. Aiming to support traditional training of control room operation activities in an innovative fashion, the Innovation Center in Ergonomics proposed to include immersive technology in a virtual environment as an integral part of the workers’ learning process, aiming to facilitate and enhance responses to stimuli, provide a positive experience in the learning process and avoid possible accidents. For immersion in a 3D virtual environment, HTC VIVEPORT virtual reality glasses and gamification elements were used. For such, a company in the logistics industry was chosen, which manages part of the rail network in Brazil. The control room modeling process was carried out from the understanding of the activity through observation, activity analysis and semi-structured questionnaire. From this, it was possible to identify the operator’s work requirements both in the physical, cognitive and organizational aspects. After modeling the game, the first pilot test allowed the identification of some items to be adjusted for a better understanding of the process. The second pilot test, carried out at the company, showed that most experiences were positive, based on the operators’ perceptions. The development of educational projects using interactive technological resources of virtual simulation, can be very efficient in the work environment, making it easier the perception of risk and accelerating the knowledge curve of the control room operators.

Summary Background The sepsis burden on acute care services in middle-income countries is a cause for concern. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality of sepsis in adult Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs) and association of ICU organisational factors with outcome. Methods We did a 1-day point prevalence study with follow-up of patients in ICU with sepsis in a nationally representative pseudo-random sample. We produced a sampling frame initially stratified by geographical region. Each stratum was then stratified by hospitals' main source of income (serving general public vs privately insured individuals) and ICU size (ten or fewer beds vs more than ten beds), finally generating 40 strata. In each stratum we selected a random sample of ICUs so as to enrol the total required beds in 1690 Brazilian adult ICUs. We followed up patients until hospital discharge censored at 60 days, estimated incidence from prevalence and length of stay, and generated national estimates. We assessed mortality prognostic factors using random-effects logistic regression models. Findings On Feb 27, 2014, 227 (72%) of 317 ICUs that were randomly selected provided data on 2632 patients, of whom 794 had sepsis (30·2 septic patients per 100 ICU beds, 95% CI 28·4–31·9). The ICU sepsis incidence was 36·3 per 1000 patient-days (95% CI 29·8–44·0) and mortality was observed in 439 (55·7%) of 788 patients (95% CI 52·2–59·2). Low availability of resources (odds ratio [OR] 1·67, 95% CI 1·02–2·75, p=0·045) and adequacy of treatment (OR 0·56, 0·37–0·84, p=0·006) were independently associated with mortality. The projected incidence rate is 290 per 100 000 population (95% CI 237·9–351·2) of adult cases of ICU-treated sepsis per year, which yields about 420 000 cases annually, of whom 230 000 die in hospital. Interpretation The incidence, prevalence, and mortality of ICU-treated sepsis is high in Brazil. Outcome varies considerably, and is associated with access to adequate resources and treatment. Our results show the burden of sepsis in resource-limited settings, highlighting the need to establish programmes aiming for sepsis prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment. Funding Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP).

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the use of disinfectants and insecticides recommended for the control of pathogens and insects in poultry houses on the biological parameters of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana strain Unioeste 4. Disinfectants and insecticides were used at recommended concentration (RC), half the recommended concentration (0.5 RC), and twice there commended concentration (2RC). All treatments were sprayed on the fungus previously inoculated on PDA culture media. Germination, colony forming unit (CFU), vegetative growth and conidial yield were evaluated. Germination was the most affected parameter by insecticides, with reduction of up to 25% using Couro Limpo and Cypermil products. Cypermil also reduced the vegetative growth in all tested concentrations. Conidial production was reduced when products were used at the highest concentration. On the other hand, the confirmed mortality of the lesser mealworm by the fungus was not affected by none of the tested products. All disinfectants at the highest concentration reduced germination and conidia production, but did not affect fungus vegetative growth. The confirmed mortality by the fungus was most influenced by the product TH4. All tested products tested were considered compatible with the fungus.

Transposable Elements are DNA sequences that can move from one place to another inside the genome of a cell. They are important for genetic variability, and can modify the functionality of genes. The correct classification of these elements is crucial to understand their role in the evolution of species. In this paper, we investigate Transposable Elements classification as a Hierarchical Classification problem using Machine Learning. We present new hierarchical datasets suitable to be used by Machine Learning methods, and also new hierarchical top-down classification strategies using neural networks. We compared our strategies with existing ones in the literature, and evaluated them using measures specific for hierarchical problems. Experiments showed that our proposal achieved better or competitive results than those found by other methods in the literature.

Automatic Machine Learning is a growing area of machine learning that has a similar objective to the area of hyper-heuristics: to automatically recommend optimized pipelines, algorithms or appropriate parameters to specific tasks without much dependency on user knowledge. The background knowledge required to solve the task at hand is actually embedded into a search mechanism that builds personalized solutions to the task. Following this idea, this paper proposes RECIPE (REsilient ClassifIcation Pipeline Evolution), a framework based on grammar-based genetic programming that builds customized classification pipelines. The framework is flexible enough to receive different grammars and can be easily extended to other machine learning tasks. RECIPE overcomes the drawbacks of previous evolutionary-based frameworks, such as generating invalid individuals, and organizes a high number of possible suitable data pre-processing and classification methods into a grammar. Results of f-measure obtained by RECIPE are compared to those two state-of-the-art methods, and shown to be as good as or better than those previously reported in the literature. RECIPE represents a first step towards a complete framework for dealing with different machine learning tasks with the minimum required human intervention.

The principal goal of the paper is to show that the existence of a finitely generated normal subgroup of infinite index in a profinite group G of non-negative deficiency gives rather strong consequences for the structure of G . To make this precise we introduce the notion of p -deficiency ( p a prime) for a profinite group G . We prove that if the p -deficiency of G is positive and N is a finitely generated normal subgroup such that the p -Sylow subgroup of G / N is infinite and p divides the order of N then we have cd p ( G ) = 2 , cd p ( N ) = 1 and vcd p ( G / N ) = 1 for the cohomological p -dimensions; moreover either the p -Sylow subgroup of G / N is virtually cyclic or the p -Sylow subgroup of N is cyclic. If G is a profinite Poincare duality group of dimension 3 at a prime p ( PD 3 -group at p ) we show that for N and p as above either N is PD 1 at p and G / N is virtually PD 2 at p or N is PD 2 at p and G / N is virtually PD 1 at p . We apply this results to deduce structural information on the profinite completions of ascending HNN-extensions of free groups and 3-manifold groups. We prove that the arithmetic lattices in SL 2 ( C ) are cohomologically good and give some implications of our theory to their congruence kernels.

This work presents an ongoing numerical and experimental study of the flow around a pickup vehicle by means of CFD simulations and wind tunnel experiments. The model was based on the light-pickup market in Brazil and it was designed with flat surfaces and sharp edges. One of the objectives of this research was the understanding about the flow pattern around the vehicle, especially in the region behind the cabin and the wake. Another goal was to obtain original data from experimental measurements which could be used on further computational investigations. The experiments were carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 5 x 105. Hot-wire anemometry was used to obtain the velocity profiles. Wall tufts were applied to describe the flow direction and regions of attached/detached and recirculation zones. Acceleration due to the underbody and the shear layer formed on the cabin were well defined, also indicating a region of reverse flow behind the tailgate. The flow visualization allowed the identification of recirculation regions inside the trunk and regions of detached flow. These flow patterns were also reproduced in the CFD simulations resulting satisfactory information to describe the main flow pattern over the pickup vehicle.

We prove that if G is a centre-by-metabelian pro-p group of type FPm over $\z_p$, so every homomorphic image of G is of type FPm over $\z_p$.

This study aimed to assess and compare the non-carcass components, carcass measurements and meat cut production of Pantaneiro (P) sheep and their Texel (TP) and Santa Inês (SIP) crossbreds. Ninety-six lambs, of which 51 were male and 45 were female, with a mean weaning weight of 15.21 ± 1.25. kg and age of 78 ± 13 days were slaughtered at 32. kg of body weight. TP lambs had greater leg compactness and weight and percentage of pelt, whereas genotypes (G) P and SIP had higher carcass depth. P and SIP females had weights omental fat percentages that were superior to the other animals, whereas SIP females had higher mesenteric fat. TP males had higher production of white viscera. There was no effect of sex, G or interaction for production and percentage of all meat cuts. Pantaneiro lambs and their crosses with meat breeds could be useful in meat production systems under Savannah environmental conditions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

An experimental analysis of the flow around a commercial pickup vehicle by means of wind tunnel experiments is presented. The pickup model was based on the leaders of light pickup market in Brazil and it wasbuiltwith flat surfaces and sharp edges at scale 1:10. A primary goal was to obtain a better understanding of the flow pattern around such vehicle, especially in the region behind the cabin (bed flow) and the pickup’s wake. A secondary goal was to gather original data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The experiments were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel with Reynolds numbers around 5×105. Hot-wire anemometry was used to obtain a quantification of the flow inside the test section as well as the velocity profiles upstream and downstream the model. To describe the flow direction and attached/detached/recirculation zones, wall tufts and china clay flow visualization techniques were applied. Acceleration due to the underbody constriction and the shear layer formed on the cabin were well defined, also indicating a region of recirculation behind the tailgate. The flow visualization allowed the identification of recirculation regions inside the trunk andlocations of detached flow around the vehicle. The main flow structures were reproduced and data was available for further investigations.

To assess how consumption of yogurt containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 probiotic for a period of 2 weeks affects salivary and dental plaque levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.A crossover, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed with 26 volunteers. The study was divided into four periods. During periods 2 and 4, the volunteers ingested yogurt containing probiotic or control yogurt daily for 2 weeks. Periods 1 and 3 were a 1-week run-in period and 4-week washout period, respectively. Saliva and dental plaque samples were collected from each participant at the end of each period. Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and total cultivable microorganisms were counted. Values were compared between groups and across periods with the Wilcoxon's test.There was no difference between the yogurt containing probiotic and the control yogurt for any of the studied variables (all p0.05). A reduction in counts of total cultivable microorganisms was observed in dental plaque samples after ingestion of either yogurts (both p0.05 vs. baseline), but not in saliva (p0.05).Daily ingestion of yogurt with or without B. animalis subsp. lactis for a period of 2 weeks was beneficial in reducing total microbial counts in dental plaque. Therefore, no additional benefits were achieved by the use of the tested probiotic strain.