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In today’s digital age, individuals using online social platforms have created complex social connections, transforming the landscape of virtual relationships. In traditional graph-based models, various issues, such as community clustering, privacy preserving on large data and effective anomaly detection in each graph cluster, are unattended on large graph data. This work proposes a Multi-Online Social Networking Graph Data (MOSNGD) model to address crucial aspects of optimal community clustering, influence node detection and privacy-preserving techniques. Utilizing a graph-based model, this approach integrates an innovative optimal community clustering method (OCCM) to enhance the understanding of cohesive user groups with shared interests. Additionally, the introduced Top-k Influence Node Detection method (TINDM) aims to identify key nodes within these communities, facilitating the recognition of influential entities actively shaping the network’s dynamics. Recognizing the importance of privacy in the age of data-driven insights, proposed a Multi-Privacy Control Framework (MPCF) for Privacy-Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) on k-influence sensitive graph data. The experimental results illustrate momentous improvements when compared to existing methods across varied performance metrics, namely, (a) clustering accuracy, (b) influence node detection precision and (c) privacy preservation. Specifically, the proposed MOSNGD method attained (a) 98.9% clustering accuracy, (b) 99.1% precision rate in influence node detection and improved privacy protection rate when compared to traditional methods. The results highlight the efficacy of the proposed framework in addressing the key challenges in Online Social Network (OSN) analysis.

Abstract Background Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) is an elite, high-yielding, bacterial blight resistant, fine-grained rice variety with low glycaemic index. It is highly sensitive to salt stress, particularly at seedling stage, which significantly reduces its yield potential in coastal areas. A salinity tolerant QTL, Saltol, associated with seedling stage tolerance was previously mapped on chromosome 1 (10.6–11.5 Mb) from the Indian landrace, Pokkali and is effective in different genetic backgrounds. The objective of this study was to enhance salinity tolerance of ISM by incorporating the Saltol QTL through marker-assisted backcross breeding using the breeding line, FL478 (Pokkali/IR29). Results Foreground selection was carried out at each generation using five Saltol-specific markers and three bacterial blight resistance genes, Xa21, xa13 and xa5. Background selection was conducted using 66 well distributed polymorphic SSR markers and at the BC3F2 generation, a single plant with maximum recurrent parent genome recovery (95.3%) was identified and advanced to the BC3F4 generation. Based on bacterial blight resistance, seedling stage salinity tolerance and resemblance to ISM, four advanced breeding lines were selected for testing in replicated experiments near Hyderabad, India. A promising near-isogenic line, DRR Dhan 58, was evaluated in multi-location trials-coastal salinity and it showed significant salinity tolerance, resistance to bacterial blight disease, high yield and excellent grain quality during the 2019 and 2020 trials. DRR Dhan 58 was 95.1% similar to ISM based on genotyping with the 90 K SNP chip. Whole genome resequencing analysis of Pokkali and FL478 which were salinity tolerant checks, ISM and DRR Dhan 58 showed a high degree of relatedness with respect to the candidate gene loci for Saltol and OsSKC1 (Shoot K + Concentration 1). Conclusion DRR Dhan 58, possessing Saltol and three bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa21, xa13 and xa5) in the genetic background of the Indian mega-variety of rice, Samba Mahsuri, was developed for potential cultivation in areas prone to seedling stage salinity, as well as areas with endemic bacterial blight disease. This entry had a 24% yield advantage over the recurrent parent ISM under coastal saline conditions in multi-location trials and was recently released for commercial cultivation in India.

Six native isolates of Trichoderma and Bacillus having potential for biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities in rice were isolated from different rice growing regions of India. These isolates were screened for their efficiency in both in vitro and in vivo conditions for three years. The identity of the isolates was confirmed both by morphological and molecular characterization. Three Bacillus spp. viz., Bacillus velenzensis strain BIK2, Bacillus cabrialesii strain BIK3 and Bacillus paralicheniformis strain BIK4 and Trichoderma spp. viz., Trichoderma asperellum strain TAIK1, and T. asperellum strain TAIK5, native to the Telangana state, in Southern India except for strain TAIK4 (Rewa district in the state of Madhya Pradesh in Central India). These promising isolates were subjected for whole genome sequencing using the Illumina platform and data was presented. The data was emanated for Trichoderma asperellum (TAIK1), Trichoderma asperellum (TAIK4), Trichoderma asperellum (TAIK5), Bacillus velezensis (BIK2), Bacillus cabrialesii (BIK3) and Bacillus paralicheniformis (BIK4) isolates had an average 100X coverage of 109X, 150X and 116X; 1447X, 905X and 585X respectively. Further studies on the annotation of the data obtained in correlation with the lab and field performance of these microbes would enable them to be used in metagenomics studies to compare their performance under natural conditions with different microbiota and popular rice varieties. Bioformulation of these strains would be more appropriate with the availability of this genomic data.

The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, a major pest of soybean in India is under surveillance in all soybean growing areas in Maharashtra in order to issue alerts to farmers and prevent economic losses. In this context, two linear models were fitted to developmental data of S. litura life stages reared on soybean at five constant temperatures viz. 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C through laboratory experiments. Optimum temperature for development (Topt) and upper temperature threshold (Tmax) were estimated from three nonlinear models by additionally including developmental response at >35°C. Topt estimates for the total immature development were 34.5°C (Lactin-2), 33.7°C (Briere-1) and 33.2°C (Simplified Beta type function) while Tmax estimates were in the range of 38 to 40°C. Application of a thermodynamic non-linear model (Optim SSI) gave estimate ofintrinsic optimum temperature (Tφ) for development of egg (28.3°C), larva (27.5°C) and pupal stage (30.3°C). The phenology model of S. litura on soybean based on estimated developmental threshold temperatures and thermal constants was validated using available field surveillance data to facilitate informed pest management decisions.

Introduction: The pathobiology of patella related illnesses are multifactorial and the postoperative failure of total knee arthroplasty leads to the implant designing. Currently in India, based on the western anthropometry measurements, patellar prosthesis is available which is not perfectly suitable for Indian ethnic population. Creating a patellar bone prosthesis by incorporating the Indian ethnic anthropometric dimensions will give much better postoperative result and will help in designing new surgical techniques. Aim: To obtain anthropometric measurements of patella in Indian Ethnic population for construction of patellar prosthesis. Materials and Methods: An osteological study was carried out in which 66 non-pathological human dry adult patella bone was collected from southern and western ethnic Konkan tribal populations of India. The primary objective of the present study was to measure the anthropometric dimensions of dry Indian human patella bone and to compare the anthropometry dimensions of various ethnic populations in and around the world. Measurements like height, breadth, thickness of articular surface of patella were measured and recorded. Various measurements were done using scientific digital Vernier calliper, digital protractor. Statistical analysis was done by using Graph pad prism version 8.2.1. Results: The maximum mean height of right and left patella was 38.7±5 mm and 40.006±7 mm, respectively. Maximum mean breadth of right and left patella was 40.1±5 mm and 40.2±6 mm, respectively and all other parameters were statistically significant. When right and left side patella values were compared, all the parameters was statistically significant and more for left side except for maximum height of medial facet and maximum breadth of lateral facet. Conclusion: The present study provides basic knowledge of patellar dimension to orthopedician which will help in designing the patellar prosthesis involving the knee.

Identification of tolerant genotypes based on phenotypic screening is one of the foremost requirements for studying genetics and molecular mapping of salinity tolerance trait in rice. For this to be accomplished efficiently, development of an efficient, reproducible, simple mass-screening protocol is imperative. The present study involves the development and validation of a modified, rapid, and reproducible protocol using sterilized silica sand as a base for growing the rice seedlings in the nutrient media replacing the generally deployed hydroponics based screening protocol where styrofoam is used as a base for seedling growth. Pre-germinated seeds were sown on silica sand filled plastic trays in three replications and modified Yoshida nutrient solution was periodically added for the first 21 days and appropriate quantities of NaCl was added to salinize the medium in different concentrations (60mM, 80mM, 100mM and 120mM). After a week of exposure to salinity, the seedlings were scored phenotypically and parameters associated with tolerance were recorded. The protocol was initially tested with known saline tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes and further validated in a set of introgressed Improved Samba Mahsuri breeding lines, possessing the QTL Saltol, which confers seedling stage tolerance to salinity. The modified protocol was able to clearly discriminate salt tolerant rice lines from sensitive ones and was superior to the routinely adopted hydroponics based protocol in terms of being more robust, reproducible, requires less nutrient solution and facilitating easy handling in screening of genotypes.

In marker-assisted breeding for bacterial blight (BB) resistance in rice, three major resistance genes, viz., Xa21, xa13 and xa5, are routinely deployed either singly or in combinations. As efficient and functional markers are yet to be developed for xa13 and xa5, we have developed simple PCR-based functional markers for both the genes. For xa13, we designed a functional PCR-based marker, xa13-prom targeting the InDel polymorphism in the promoter of candidate gene Os8N3 located on chromosome 8 of rice. With respect to xa5, a multiplex-PCR based functional marker system, named xa5FM, consisting of two sets of primer pairs targeting the 2-bp functional nucleotide polymorphism in the exon II of the gene TFIIAɤ5 (candidate for xa5), has been developed. Both xa13-prom and xa5FM can differentiate the resistant and susceptible alleles for xa13 and xa5, respectively, in a co-dominant fashion. Using these two functional markers along with the already reported functional PCR-based marker for Xa21 (pTA248), we designed a single-tube multiplex PCR based assay for simultaneous detection of all the three major resistance genes and demonstrated the utility of the multiplex marker system in a segregating population.

Introduction: Menstruation is an important physiological function of female reproductive system during reproductive age. Prevalence of amenorrhea is higher in Indian population with a potential social impact. The study of cytogenetic pattern in its correlation with other physiological factors will help for better understanding the cause and earlier diagnosis. Aim: To find out cytogenetic pattern among amenorrhea patients and to correlate with the phenotype and clinical findings among these cases. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 200 women volunteers after taking an informed consent. Out of 200 cases 100 cases were grouped as controls and 100 cases as study group. Cytogenetic study was done by conventional karyotyping and other clinical investigations (hormonal assay, fasting blood glucose) were also carried out. Results: In the present study the frequency of classic Turner’s (25%) and mosaic Turner’s (12.5%) among primary amenorrhea cases. All Secondary amenorrhea cases were with normal chromosomal complement that is 0% frequency of chromosomal aberrations. One case with polycystic ovarian disease exhibited Premature Chromatid Separation (PCS). Conclusion: Identification of known genetic causes could aid in development of effective treatments for women with amenorrhea, as well as earlier diagnosis which may allow for family planning before the onset of amenorrhea

RPHR-1005, the stable restorer line of the popular medium slender (MS) grain type rice hybrid, DRRH-3 was improved in this study for resistance against bacterial blight (BB) and blast diseases through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). In this study, four major resistance genes (i.e., Xa21 and Xa33 for BB resistance and Pi2 and Pi54 for blast resistance) have been transferred to RPHR-1005 using RPBio Patho-1 (possessing Xa21 + Pi2), RPBio Patho-2 (possessing Xa21 + Pi54) and FBR1-15EM (possessing Xa33) as the donors. Foreground selection was carried out using PCR-based molecular markers specific for the target resistance genes and the major fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4, while background selection was carried out using a set of parental polymorphic rice SSR markers and backcrossing was continued uptoBC2 generation. At BC2F2, plants possessing the gene combination- Xa21 + Pi2, Xa21 + Pi54 and Xa33 in homozygous condition and with >92% recovery of the recurrent parent genome (RPG) were identified and intercrossed to combine all the four resistance genes. Twenty-two homozygous, pyramid lines of RPHR-1005 comprising of three single-gene containing lines, six 2-gene containing lines, eight 3-gene containing lines, and five 4-gene containing lines were identified among the double intercross lines at F3 generation (DICF3). They were then evaluated for their resistance against BB and blast, fertility restoration ability and for key agro-morphological traits. While single gene containing lines were resistant to either BB or blast, the 2-gene, 3-gene, and 4-gene pyramid lines showed good level of resistance against both and/or either of the two diseases. Most of the 2-gene, 3-gene, and 4-gene containing pyramid lines showed yield levels and other key agro-morphological and grain quality traits comparable to the original recurrent parent and showed complete fertility restoration ability, with a few showing higher yield as compared to RPHR-1005. Further, the experimental hybrids derived by crossing the gene-pyramid lines of RPHR-1005 with APMS6A (the female parent of DRRH-3), showed heterosis levels equivalent to or higher than DRRH-3. The results of present study exemplify the utility of MABB for targeted improvement of multiple traits in hybrid rice.