Search

The stability of fractures of the middle and lower 1/3 of the displaced humeral shaft is poor, and surgery is currently the main treatment. The posterolateral approach to the upper arm has many advantages but it is not widely used in clinical applications. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation with a steel plate through the triceps approach in the treatment of fractures of the middle and lower 1/3 of the humerus.A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with fractures of the middle and lower 1/3 of the humerus who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. According to the AO ASIF classification, 12 patients had type A, 8 patients had type B, and 6 patients had type C fractures. The posterior transtriceps approach was used for open reduction and internal fixation with a steel plate to evaluate its clinical efficacy.All patients were followed completely, and the follow-up time was 6.0-18.0 months. Fracture nonunion occurred in 1 patient after the operation, and the other 25 patients healed well; 2 patients showed symptoms of radial nerve injury and numbness in the tiger's mouth area, which improved after 2 weeks. The average healing time of the fracture was 12.3 weeks. There were no infections or complications such as plate fractures. Elbow joint function according to Mayo scoring standards was as follows: 19 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, 2 cases were fair, and 2 cases were poor. The excellent and good rate was 84.6%.Open reduction through the triceps approach and internal fixation with a steel plate for the treatment of the middle and lower 1/3 of the humerus can directly expose and protect the radial nerve and its branches and reduce radial nerve damage, and plate fixation on the tension side is biomechanical and worthy of clinical application.

To explore the loss regularity of water and fertilizer in the ancient course of the Yellow River in cultivation of Chaenomeles sinensis and Prunus armeniaca × sibirica, three water management measures were employed: mulching with plastic films (Wmp), mulching with cornstalk (Wmc) and conventional management (Wck). Meanwhile, the effects of irrigation times, namely slow-release N, P and K fertilizer (NPK SRFs), compound N, P and K fertilizer (NPK CFs), urea fertilizer (Urea Fs), and unfertilized (Fck) were studied. Results showed that the soil water content was effectively increased using Wmp and Wmc, Wmp effectively extended the water retention time and soil temperature stability. After three irrigations, NPK SRFs, NPK CFs and Urea Fs were completely lost. The compound fertilizer had a significantly higher nutrient maintenance capacity than urea. Furthermore, the application of urea had to be balanced to avoid an excessive rise in soil pH. The growth of C. sinensis and P. armeniaca × sibirica was significantly better than traditional model. It is suggested to use crop straw to maintain water levels and improve soil organic matter, and replace urea by applying a compound fertilizer in the early and late growing season in sandy soil.

To increase the economic benefit and to reduce the cost at early stages of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivation, the interaction of roots between walnut cultivar Zhongsong No. 1 and peony (Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang) was studied. The growth rhythm per year and the vertical and horizontal distribution of roots were measured. Statistically evaluated data for five consecutive years of study using a random sampling method at yellow-brown and red soil types were presented. The results showed that walnut had three root growth peaks per year, whereas peony had two peaks. At vertical distribution of roots, walnut was concentrated under 40 cm and peony under 20 cm of soil. At vertical distribution of roots, walnut was concentrated 40 -120 cm far from the tree, but peony was 20 -60 cm. We are confident that the root growth and development when intercropping of peony was carried out under walnut trees was alternating and the negative influence was low. So, the cultivation model of “intercropping peony under walnut trees” was suitable at the Luoyang area, Henan province, but the cultivation distance ought to be at 120 -180 cm.

A reciprocating extrusion process was used to produce graphite and alumina reinforced pure aluminium composite. The graphite particles (0~5vol%), alumina particles (10 vol%) and pure aluminium particles (balanced) were dehydrated separately at 70°C in vacuum for 3 hours, and then mixed together. A round billet with 50 mm in diameter was prepared by hot pressing at 350°C with the mixed particles and then extruded to a fully-consolidated goblet-like sample at 480°C and 430MPa by reciprocating extrusion. The results showed that all reinforced particles were refined and uniformly distributed in the matrix by reciprocation extrusion severe plastic deformation. The presence of graphite particles caused the reduction in the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Gr / Al 2 O 3/ Al composite. Compared with the composite prepared only by alumina particles (10 vol%) and pure aluminium particles, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Gr / Al 2 O 3/ Al composite, which contains 5vol% graphite and 10vol% alumina particles, decreased 45.3% and 33.5%, respectively, and thereafter it displays an excellent combination of low friction coefficient (0.37) and wear rate (2.2×10-7mm3/(N.m)), and appears to be more promising.

Summary Length-weight relationships were determined for four fish species [Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837); Acentrogobius caninus (Valenciennes, 1837); Glossogobius olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845); and Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker, 1860)] belonging to two families. Samples were collected from 2002 to 2010 by cage net (50 × 15 × 15 cm, mesh size 0.5 cm) from Zhanjiang mangrove in China (20°36′N; 110°54′E). The total length ranged is between 2.3 and 18.1 cm and weighted between 0.3 and 90.2 g. The allometric coefficient (b) of length-weight relationship varied from 2.72 for Zenarchopterus buffonis to 3.48 for Acentrogobius viridipunctatus. Length-weight relationships for these four fish species were determined for the first time.

A phenol biosensor based on the skillful immobilization of tyrosinase on zinc oxide ( ZnO ) nanorods was proposed. The ZnO nanorods fabricated by a simple vapor-phase transport method possess a high aspect ratio, good electron communication, chemical purity, smooth and positive charged surface and are ready for immobilization of biochemicals with low isoelectric point (IEP). Electrochemical measurement and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that the enzyme of tyrosinase with IEP 4.5 can be adsorbed on the surface of ZnO nanorods and kept its bioactivity of the oxidation of phenol to a large extent. This led us to develop phenol biosensor with good stability and reproducibility. The proposed method creates a new way to develop biosensors using nanostructured materials with high IEP.

Relatively large residual and processing stresses may be developed during the manufacturing of ceramic composites. Such stresses can be responsible for generating microcracks during the cooldown cycle of hot pressing, or can remain in the body and contribute to the formation of cracks during the service life of the components. These stresses can be effectively modeled by the finite element method (FEM), in conjunction with a viscoelastic constitutive material model. The FEM, however requires parameters, such as the elastic and viscoelastic properties, that are not readily available. Although there are techniques available for measuring the elastic properties as a function of porosity and temperature, limited measurement values are available at elevated temperatures. Moreover, measurement of the viscoelastic parameters is very complicated. In this paper we discuss a simple yet elegant approach for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of ceramic composites. The method uses readily available data (i.e. hot pressing pressure and ram displacement, both time dependent quantities). The method therefore produces ‘in-processing’ viscosity data. The properties obtained using the method was used to conduct transient nonlinear viscoelastic finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA results were in close agreement with those measured experimentally, thereby validating the integrity of the proposed method.

Crack initiation and stable crack growth under monotonic loading in steels has been studied using an elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The fracture criterion used for crack initiation and stable crack growth was the critical strain energy density. In addition the shift core method for the analysis of crack extension was used. In the shift core modelling method, crack advance is simulated by moving the coordinates of the core region which surrounds the crack tip, to obtain the stiffness reduction. Simultaneously the core itself geometrically undergoes a simple rigid-body motion or translation during the crack extension. The analytically calculated and experimentally measured load for crack initiation and the subsequent stable crack growth agreed well.

High-speed countercurrent chromatography was applied to the separation of harringtonine, isoharringtonine and homoharringtonine from Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook, f. The separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-0.07M sodium phosphate-0.04M citric acid buffer solution (pH 5.0). The fractionated components were identified with authentic pure compounds on TLC and PPC. The peak fraction of each component was analyzed with a mass spectrometer for structure identification. The results indicate that the method is suitable for semipreparative separations of these alkaloids.

Using zinc powders as source material, ZnO nanorods (ZnONR) were fabricated on gold wire by a hydrothermal reaction without any other surfactant. The gold wire end was coated by a thin layer of Zn-Au alloy to improve the nucleation for growth of ZnO nanostructures and to further improve the performance of the biosensor, which was constructed by alternatively immobilizing poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the ZnONR. Electrochemical measurement, ultraviolet-visible spectrum, zeta-potential, and scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that PSS and HRP were stably adsorbed layer by layer on the ZnONR surface, and the HRP kept bioactivity for H(2)O(2) detection without an electron transfer mediator. The multilayered HRP sensors exhibited a wide linear range and low detection limit. The sensitivity of the biosensor increased with the immobilized HRP layers from the lowest value of 36.28 microA mM(-1) for a monolayer.

Directly using zinc powders as source material, ZnO nanorods were fabricated on gold wire by hydrothermal reaction without any other surfacant and stabilizing agent. The gold wire was skillfully treated to improve the nucleation for growth of ZnO nanostructures and to further improve the performance of the biosensor, which was construct by immobilizing tyrosinase (Tyr) on the ZnO nanorods for phenol detection. Electrochemical measurement, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopic analyses demonstrated that the Tyr was stably adsorbed on the ZnO nanorods surface with bioactivity for phenol oxidization. The biosensor reached 95% of steady-state current within 5s, and the sensitivity was as high as 103.08 microA/mM at C(phenol)20 microM and was 40.76 microA/mM at C(phenol)20 microM. The detection limit of 0.623 microM was obtained at a signal/noise ratio of 3.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highest among primary liver cancer. HBV and HBV-induced liver cirrhosis may lead to HCC (1). At present, it is difficult to diagnose HCC at early stage or to differentiate HCC. Therefore, it is much needed to explore and develop a simple, rapid diagnostic method, which has higher sensitivity and specificity for HCC at early stage (2, 3). Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a novel non-electrophoresis-based proteomic technology. SELDI offers the advantages of rapid and simple examination as well as high specificity and sensitivity (4, 5). To our knowledge,there has been little study reported using SELDI-TOF-MS technology to investigate HCC. In this study, 25 cases of HCC patients not receiving any therapy, 25 cases receiving the interposition chemotherapy and 50 cases of the healthy people were tested by Weak cationic exchange (WCX2) protein chip and SELDI-TOF-MS. The differentially expressed peptides or proteins were analyzed by BioMarker Wizard software. At the different M/Z value range, seven peptides/ proteins were obviously different among these three groups. Four peptides including 6489.48Da, 6662.34Da, 8593.75Da and 8720.23Da were up-regulated in healthy controls, two including 7777.27Da and 9250.00Da were up-regulated in the patients with HCC without receiving any therapy and one protein of 16200.17Da was up-regulated in the patients with HCC receiving the interposition chemotherapy. Using Biomarker Pattern software, one pattern including two peptides (7777.27Da, 9250.00Da) can separate HCC without receiving any therapy from normal controls. This diagnosis pattern gave the much-improved sensitivity of 92% and the specificity of 100%. Through searching protein database, these seven peptides or proteins were identified as possible Galanin related peptide, Pro-neuregulin-4 protein, small inducible cytokine A15 precursor, 9 kDa protein, CSL-zincfinger protein 1, mitochondrial hinge protein, actin related protein, respectively. Using SELDI-TOF MS, the method of sieving the tumor markers from HCC becomes quick and valid. These differentially expressed peptides or proteins could be biomarkers of HCC in the serum and drug targets for treating HCC.

High-speed countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids from two medicinal herbs. Matrine and oxymatrine were isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-0.07 M sodium phosphate (pH 6.4), while atropine and scopolamine were purified from the flowers of Datura mete L. with a similar solvent system by modifying the phosphate buffer pH at 6.5. Identification of each alkaloid was made by either TLC or paper partition chromatography using authentic pure compounds.

Based on a brief review on nanostractual ZnO, the talk will be focus on our recent researches on ZnO nanostructures and lasering actions. Controlling the growth conditions, various novel morphologies of nanostructural ZnO, such as nanodisks, aligned and symmetric whiskers and mirco/nanotubes have be fabricated by vapor-phase transport method based on vapor- liquid-solid mechanism. Amplified spontaneous emission and laser in UV range have been observed in some aligned arrays. The amplification and resonant behaviors will be analyzed in random, Fabry-Perot, and whispering gallery microcavities.

The mutants of Q20L and G247D of glucose isomerase (GI) were constructed by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis of GI gene with double-primersmethod. The recombinant plasmids pTKD-GIQ20L and pTKD-GIG247D were expressed in E. coli K38 strain. The comparison experiments of mutant enzymes with wild-type GI showed that: (1) the optimum temperature of GIQ20L was decreased by 5 degrees C. Its thermostability was only 78% half-time of the wild type. But its substrate affinity was enhanced. (2) The specific-activity of GIG247D was increased by 33%, and the optimum pH was lowered by 0.6 unit. However, the thermostability of GIG247D was decreased. We supposed, based on the above facts and 0.19 nm resolution crystal structure of SM33GI, that Gln20 locates between alpha 0-helix and alpha 1-helix, the substitution of hydrophobic side chain of Leu for hydrophilic side chain of Gln may enhance the hydrophobic interaction of the molecular surface, leading to the decrease of the stability and thermostability of GIQ20L. Gly247 which is the last amino acid of a beta-sheet from 242 to 247 residues locates in the active core of GI. After replacement, Asp247 which has strong negative electricity may change the electrostatic distribution and influence the charge transfer processes of the active core. So the specific-activity of GIG247D was increased. The introduced charge could alter the pKa of dissociable groups and make the optimum pH lower. In addition, the side chain of Asp247 seems to be very crowded in the surrounding space conformation and is easy to exclude with the other side chains, therefore influences the stability of beta-sheet. Furthermore, Asp247 is in the vicinity of the interface of subunits, so it could interfere with the stability of the interaction between subunits. Thus, the GIG247D decreased the thermostability of SM33GI. The higher enzyme activity and the lower optimum pH will be very useful for industrial production of GI.

After Genetic background analysis of Streptomyces diastaticus No. 7 strain M1033, the modified conditions of M1033 protoplasts and transformation were established. Replacement plasmid for homologous recombination was also constructed by inserting tsr gene into glucose isomerase gene. The homologous recombination of GI gene in M1033 chromosomes was achieved by using denatured linearized DNA fragments and glucose isomerase deficient strain M1033LJ was obtained. It is basic for introducing mutation into M1033 chromosome and realizing site-directed molecular reformation.

Xiangru (Labiatae) is a well-known drug used in Chinese traditional medicine. Chemical constituents of essential oils from Elsholtzia splendens and cultivated Mosla chinensis were compared by GC-MS/DS combination on SE-54 capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm). Forty-three components were identified in Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.Maekawa. The total content of the components in the essential oil was found to be 90.61%. Among them the major constituents are elsholtzia ketone (80.81%). Fifty components were identified in cultivated Mosla chinensis, with a total content of 93.91% in the essential oil. The major constituents are carvacrol (51.11%), thymol (22.00%), and etc.

Wurtzite structural ZnO microneedles with hexagonal cross section were fabricated by vapor-phase transport method and an individual microneedle was employed as a lasing microcavity. Under excitation of a femtosecond pulse laser with 800 nm wavelength, the ultraviolet (UV) laser emission was obtained, which presented narrow linewidth and high Q value. The UV emission, resonant mechanism, and laser mode characteristics were discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that the UV laser originated from the whispering-gallery mode induced by two-photon absorption assisted by Rabi oscillation.

ZnO nanotubes were fabricated by vapor-phase transport using the mixture of ZnO and graphite powders in air. A self-catalyzed growth mechanism was proposed based on microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Raman scattering, integrated photoluminescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence were employed to explore the optical properties and the dynamic process. Combing with crystal structure and the spectral characteristics of the ZnO nanotubes, the charge carrier transport process was discussed.