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1. DIII-D research to provide solutions for ITER and fusion energy

Author: C.T. Holcomb, for the DIII-D Team:, J. Abbate, A. Abe, A. Abrams, P. Adebayo-Ige, S. Agabian, S. Ahmed, N. Aiba, N. Akcay, T. Akiyama, R. Albosta, P. Aleynikov, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, M. Ashburn, A. Ashourvan, M. Austin, G. Avdeeva, D. Ayala, M. Ayub, E. Bagdy, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, O. Bardsley, J. Barr, E. Bass, A. Battey, Z. Bayler, L. Baylor, T. Bechtel, M. Beidler, E. Belli, T. Benedett, Z. Bergstrom, M. Berkel, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, R. Bielajew, G. Bodner, J. Boedo, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, P. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, A. Braun, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, W. Brown, J. Buck, S. Buczek, D. Burgess, M. Burke, K. Burrell, J. Butt, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, D. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, L. Cappelli, T. Carlstrom, R. Carr, W. Carrig, B. Carter, T. Carter, I. Carvalho, W. Cary, L. Casali, L. Ceelen, M. Cengher, M. Cha, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, J. Chen, R. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Chiriboga, E. Cho, G. Choi, W. Choi, H. Choudhury, S. Chowdhury, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, R. Clark, M. Clement, J. Coburn, S. Coda, R. Coffee, C. Collins, J. Colmenares-Fernandez, W. Conlin, R. Coon, T. Cote, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, J. Damba, E. Dart, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, A. De, N. de Boucaud, Y. de Jong, P. DE VRIES, A. de-Villeroche, G. DeGrandchamp, J. deGrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, E. DeShazer, S. Di Genova, A. Diallo, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, D. Donovan, X. Du, J. Dunsmore, A. Dupuy, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, Y. Elsey, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fajardo, H. Farre-Kaga, M. Fenstermacher, N. Ferraro, J. Ferron, A. Feyrer, P. Fimognari, R. Finden, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, S. Flanagan, B. Ford, W. Fox, S. Freiberger, L. Fu, K. Gage, V. Gajaraj, I. Garcia, F. Garcia, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, B. Geiger, K. Gentle, Y. Ghai, K. Gill, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, C. Gray, C. Greenfield, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, S. Gu, H. Guo, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, J. Hall, V. Hall-Chen, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, X. Han, C. Hansen, E. Hansen, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, D. Hatch, W. Hayashi, A. Hayes, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, E. Hinson, T. Hisakado, C. Holcomb, C. Holland, L. Holland, E. Hollmann, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, R. Hong, R. Hood, L. Horvath, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Huang, J. Huang, A. Huang, A. Hubbard, J. Hughes, D. Humphreys, J. Hurtado, A. Hyatt, K. Imada, V. Izzo, A. Jalalvand, S. Jardin, A. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, L. Jian, Y. Jiang, C. Johnson, J. Johnson, M. Jones, S. Joung, P. Jouzdani, E. Jung, E. Kallenberg, R. Kalling, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, D. Kellman, J. Kennedy, F. Khabanov, J. Kim, H. Kim, E. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, T. Kim, J. King, A. Kinsey, D. Kirk, D. Klasing, A. Kleiner, M. Knolker, M. Kochan, B. Koel, J. Koenders, M. Koepke, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, R. Kube, N. Kumar, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, C. Lahban, H. Lan, R. Landry, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, R. Leccacorvi, J. Leddy, M. Lee, S. Lee, K. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. LeSher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, G. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, L. Li, N. Li, Z. Li, D. Lin, Z. Lin, Y. Lin, E. Linsenmayer, J. Liu, D. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, S. Loch, L. LoDestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, J. Lore, U. Losada Rodriguez, J. Loughran, M. Lowell, T. Luce, N. Luhmann, P. Lunia, R. Lunsford, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, J. MacDonald, T. Macwan, R. Maingi, M. Major, L. Malhotra, M. Margo, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, E. Martin, J. Mateja, R. Mattes, R. Maurizio, D. Mauzey, L. McAllister, G. McArdle, J. McClenaghan, K. McCollam, G. McKee, K. McLaughlin, A. McLean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, S. Meitner, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, D. Miller, M. Miller, J. Mitchell, E. Mitra, C. Moeller, M. Mohamed, S. Molesworth, K. Montes, S. Mordijck, S. Morosohk, A. Moser, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, C. Murphy, C. Muscatello, R. Myers, A. Nagy, D. Nath, M. Navarro, R. Nazikian, T. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nesbet, F. Nespoli, P. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, L. Nuckols, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, D. Orlov, D. Orozco, N. Osborne, T. Osborne, F. OShea, D. Pace, D. Packard, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pakosta, C. Pan, M. Pandya, D. Panici, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, C. Parker, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, S. Paruchuri, C. Paz-Soldan, T. Pederson, W. Peebles, B. Penaflor, E. Perez, L. Periasamy, R. Perillo, C. Petty, M. Pharr, D. Pierce, C. Pierren, S. Pierson, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, M. Podesta, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, Q. Pratt, G. Prechel, I. Pusztai, P. Puthan-Naduvakkate, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Raines, K. Rakers, K. Rath, J. Rauch, C. Rea, R. Reed, A. Reiman, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, J. Ren, Y. Ren, M. Rensink, T. Rhodes, N. Richner, J. Ridzon, G. Riggs, J. Riquezes, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, G. Ronchi, L. Rondini, R. Rosati, A. Rosenthal, M. Ross, J. Rost, A. Rothstein, J. Roveto, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, R. Rupani, G. Rutherford, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, N. Sadeghi, A. Salmi, F. Salvador, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, D. Santa, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, H. Savelli, C. Schaefer, H. Schamis, J. Schellpfeffer, D. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. Scoville, A. Seltzman, J. Seo, J. Serrano, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, R. Shapov, H. Shen, N. Shi, D. Shiraki, B. Short, R. Shousha, H. Si, C. Sierra, G. Sinclair, P. Sinha, G. Sips, C. Skinner, T. Slendebroek, J. Slief, R. Smirnov, S. Smith, D. Smith, G. Snoep, P. Snyder, W. Solomon, X. Song, A. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, D. Spong, J. Squire, G. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P. Stangeby, E. Starling, S. Stewart, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, S. Storment, E. Strait, D. Su, L. Sugiyama, P. Sun, Y. Sun, X. Sun, C. Sung, W. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, R. Sweeney, B. Taczak, Y. Takemura, S. Tang, W. Tang, G. Tardini, D. Taussig, K. Teixeira, K. Thackston, D. Thomas, K. Thome, Y. Tinguely, M. Tobin, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan de Sousa, P. Traverso, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, L. Turner, E. Unterberg, B. Van Compernolle, R. van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, B. Victor, R. Vieira, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, D. Vollmer, J. Wai, M. Walker, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, A. Wang, J. Watkins, M. Watkins, T. Watts, L. Webber, K. Weber, W. Wehner, X. Wei, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. Welsh, A. White, R. Wilcox, G. Wilkie, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wu, D. Wu, S. Wukitch, J. Xia, R. Xie, Z. Xing, G. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, L. Yang, S. Yang, J. Yang, M. Yoo, G. YU, J. Yu, A. Zalzali, A. Zamengo, V. Zamkovska, S. Zamperini, K. Zarrabi, E. Zeger, K. Zeller, L. Zeng, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, B. Zhang, B. Zhao, C. Zhao, Y. Zheng, Y. Zhu, J. Zhu, J. Ziegel, J. Zimmerman, and C. Zuniga
Subjects: DIII-D, tokamak, overview, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: The DIII-D tokamak has elucidated crucial physics and developed projectable solutions for ITER and fusion power plants in the key areas of core performance, boundary heat and particle transport, and integrated scenario operation, with closing the core-edge integration knowledge gap being the overarching mission. New experimental validation of high-fidelity, multi-channel, non-linear gyrokinetic turbulent transport models for ITER provides strong confidence it will achieve Q ⩾ 10 operation. Experiments identify options for easing H-mode access in hydrogen, and give new insight into the isotopic dependence of transport and confinement. Analysis of 2,1 islands in unoptimized low-torque IBS demonstration discharges suggests their onset time occurs randomly in the constant β phase, most often triggered by non-linear 3-wave coupling, thus identifying an NTM seeding mechanism to avoid. Pure deuterium SPI for disruption mitigation is shown to provide favorable slow cooling, but poor core assimilation, suggesting paths for improved SPI on ITER. At the boundary, measured neutral density and ionization source fluxes are strongly poloidally asymmetric, implying a 2D treatment is needed to model pedestal fuelling. Detailed measurements of pedestal and SOL quantities and impurity charge state radiation in detached divertors has validated edge fluid modelling and new self-consistent ‘pedestal-to-divertor’ integrated modeling that can be used to optimize reactors. New feedback adaptive ELM control minimizes confinement reduction, and RMP ELM suppression with sustained high core performance was obtained for the first time with the outer strike point in a W-coated, compact and unpumped small-angle slot divertor. Advances have been made in integrated operational scenarios for ITER and power plants. Wide pedestal intrinsically ELM-free QH-modes are produced with more reactor-relevant conditions, Low torque IBS with W-equivalent radiators can exhibit predator-prey oscillations in T _e and radiation which need control. High- β _P scenarios with q _min > 2, q _95 –7.9, β _N > 4, β _T –3.3% and H _98y2 > 1.5 are sustained with high density ( $\bar n$ = 7E19 m ^−3 , f _G –1) for 6 τ _E , improving confidence in steady-state tokamak reactors. Diverted NT plasmas achieve high core performance with a non-ELMing edge, offering a possible highly attractive core-edge integration solution for reactors.
Published: 2024
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2. Tokamak edge localized mode onset prediction with deep neural network and pedestal turbulence

Author: Semin Joung, David R. Smith, G. McKee, Z. Yan, K. Gill, J. Zimmerman, B. Geiger, R. Coffee, F.H. O’Shea, A. Jalalvand, and E. Kolemen
Subjects: edge localized mode, ELM onset prediction, deep neural network, turbulence, beam emission spectroscopy, DIII-D, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: A neural network, BES-ELMnet, predicting a quasi-periodic disruptive eruption of the plasma energy and particles known as edge localized mode (ELM) onset is developed with observed pedestal turbulence from the beam emission spectroscopy system in DIII-D. BES-ELMnet has convolutional and fully-connected layers, taking two-dimensional plasma fluctuations with a temporal window of size 128 µ s and generating a scalar output which can be interpreted as a probability of the upcoming ELM onset. As approximately labeled inter-ELM broadband ( $15\,\textrm{kHz} \unicode{x2A7D} f\unicode{x2A7D} 150\,\textrm{kHz}$ ) fluctuations are given to the network, BES-ELMnet learns by itself ELM-related precursors arising before the onsets through supervised learning scheme. BES-ELMnet achieves the gradually increasing ELM onset probabilities between two consecutive ELMs during the inter-ELM phases and can forecast the first ELM onsets which occur after the high confinement mode transition. We further investigate the network generality in terms of the selected frequency band to ensure the use of BES-ELMnet for various operation regimes without changing the trained architecture. Therefore, our novel prediction method will enhance a proactive high confinement mode control of fusion-grade plasmas.
Published: 2024
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3. RISK OF INCIDENT DIABETES FOLLOWING COVID-19 INFECTION: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

Author: Z. Naveed, H. Velásquez García, S. Wong, J. Wilton, G. McKee, B. Mahmood, M. Binka, D. Rasali, and N. Janjua
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily affects the respiratory system. However, other organ systems may also be involved, leading to acute and chronic sequelae. Among other post-acute sequelae, incident diabetes is also being assessed but population-based evidence is still sparse. We evaluated the association between COVID-19 infection including severity of infection and diabetes incidence using population-based registries and datasets. Methods: We conducted a population-based matched retrospective cohort study using data from the BC COVID-19 Cohort. The exposure was SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the primary outcome was incident diabetes identified >30 days after the specimen collection-date for COVID-19 test. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling to assess the effect of COVID-19 infection and disease severity on diabetes. Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the effect modification of SARS-CoV-2 infection on diabetes risk. Finally, we computed, the confounder-adjusted population attributable fraction from the Cox models Findings: During the median follow-up of 257 days, 608 (0.5%) events were observed among exposed and 1,864 (0.4%) among unexposed. Incident-diabetes rate/100,000 person-years was significantly higher among the exposed group vs. unexposed group (672.2 vs 508.7 respectively). The risk of incident diabetes was higher among those with COVID-19 infection (HR=1.16, 95% CI:1.06–1.28), and among males (aHR=1.22, 95%CI:1.06-1.40). The risk of diabetes was much higher among people with more severe disease (HRICU=3.32, 95%CI:1.99 – 5.54; HRhospitalized=1.97, 95%CI:1.33 – 2.93). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher risk of diabetes overall and among males. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher risk of diabetes among both males and females. Furthermore, infection with SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to 3-5% increase in burden of diabetes, which will result in substantial number of diabetes cases with impact on healthcare needs for management of diabetes and its complications in addition to health of affected population.
Published: 2023
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4. Risk Analysis Index and Its Recalibrated Version Predict Postoperative Outcomes Better Than 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index in Traumatic Spinal Injury

Author: Matthew Conlon, Rachel Thommen, Syed Faraz Kazim, Alis J. Dicpinigaitis, Meic H. Schmidt, Rohini G. McKee, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: risk analysis index-administrative, risk analysis index-revised, modified frailty index, spinal trauma, frailty, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Objective To assess the discriminative ability of the Risk Analysis Index-administrative (RAI-A) and its recalibrated version (RAI-Rev), compared to the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5), in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgical intervention for traumatic spine injuries (TSIs). Methods The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Disease-9 (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients ≥ 18 years who underwent surgical intervention for TSI from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database 2015–2019 (n = 6,571). Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the comparative discriminative ability of RAI-Rev, RAI-A, and mFI-5 for 30-day postoperative outcomes. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that with all 3 frailty scores, increasing frailty tiers resulted in worse postoperative outcomes, and patients identified as frail and severely frail using RAI-Rev and RAI-A had the highest odds of poor outcomes. In the ROC curve/C-statistics analysis for prediction of 30-day mortality and morbidity, both RAI-Rev and RAI-A outperformed mFI-5, and for many outcomes, RAI-Rev showed better discriminative performance compared to RAI-A, including mortality (p = 0.0043, DeLong test), extended length of stay (p = 0.0042), readmission (p < 0.0001), reoperation (p = 0.0175), and nonhome discharge (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Both RAI-Rev and RAI-A performed better than mFI-5, and RAI-Rev was superior to RAI-A in predicting postoperative mortality and morbidity in TSI patients. RAI-based frailty indices can be used in preoperative risk assessment of spinal trauma patients.
Published: 2022
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5. Improving the spatiotemporal resolution of remotely sensed ET information for water management through Landsat, Sentinel-2, ECOSTRESS and VIIRS data fusion

Author: Jie Xue, Martha C. Anderson, Feng Gao, Christopher Hain, Kyle R. Knipper, Yun Yang, William P. Kustas, Yang Yang, Nicolas Bambach, Andrew J. McElrone, Sebastian J. Castro, Joseph G. Alfieri, John H. Prueger, Lynn G. McKee, Lawrence E. Hipps, and María del Mar Alsina
Published: 2022
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6. Application of a remote-sensing three-source energy balance model to improve evapotranspiration partitioning in vineyards

Author: Vicente Burchard-Levine, Héctor Nieto, William P. Kustas, Feng Gao, Joseph G. Alfieri, John H. Prueger, Lawrence E. Hipps, Nicolas Bambach-Ortiz, Andrew J. McElrone, Sebastian J. Castro, Maria Mar Alsina, Lynn G. McKee, Einara Zahn, Elie Bou-Zeid, and Nick Dokoozlian
Published: 2022
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7. Honey bees as biomonitors of environmental contaminants, pathogens, and climate change

Author: Morgan M. Cunningham, Lan Tran, Chloe G. McKee, Rodrigo Ortega Polo, Tara Newman, Lance Lansing, Jonathan S. Griffiths, Guillaume J. Bilodeau, Michael Rott, and M. Marta Guarna
Subjects: Environmental biomonitoring, Pathogen biosurveillance, Pollution, Pesticides, Honey bees, Climate change, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Monitoring the environment for pollution, pesticides, and pathogens is crucial for protecting human, agriculture, and overall ecosystem health. Diverse strategies ranging from physical sensors to sentinel species have been used for environmental monitoring. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is a globally managed pollinator that can serve as a continuous biomonitoring species. During foraging, honey bees are exposed to contaminants and pathogens and carry them to their hives where they can be detected and quantified. Although individual bees are vulnerable to environmental stressors, the honey bee colony as a whole is more resilient and can accumulate contaminants or respond to them without collapsing. This allows for long-term monitoring of the colony to map contaminants in a geographical area and study ecotoxicology gradients over space and time. In this paper, we review demonstrated and proposed uses of honey bees for environmental monitoring. We focus our discussion on heavy metals, air pollutants, pesticides, and plant pathogens that can be detected in bees and their hive materials including honey, wax, and stored pollen. We present the use of gene expression, microbiome profiling, and other high-throughput methodologies to study dose-dependent exposure and increase detection sensitivity; for example, stored pollen analysis with next generation sequencing can reveal the presence of plant viruses, fungi, and invasive species earlier than traditional detection methods. Finally, we discuss opportunities for using honey bees to monitor emerging threats such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance. This narrative review highlights the versatility and potential utility of the European honey bee as a biomonitoring species for ecosystem health.
Published: 2022
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8. Clinically predictive baseline labs for post-operative outcomes of brain tumors using NSQIP database

Author: Samantha Varela, Rachel Thommen, Syed Faraz Kazim, Alis J. Dicpinigaitis, Rohini G. McKee, Meic H. Schmidt, William T. Couldwell, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery, General Medicine
Published: 2023

9. Preoperative frailty and 30-day mortality after surgery for type II odontoid fracture: a retrospective observational analysis of a large multicenter surgical registry

Author: Kavelin Rumalla, Syed Faraz Kazim, Priyanka Jain, Rohini G. McKee, Meic H. Schmidt, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Surgery, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2023

10. Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Pediatric Clinic in the Dominican Republic

Author: Steven G McKee, Ryan Close, and Elizabeth Lowenthal
Subjects: Caribbean, iron supplementation, pediatric, quality improvement, resource limited setting, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundIron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia affect billions of people worldwide. Infants and young children are the most vulnerable. The Niños Primeros en Salud pediatric clinic aims to follow the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation to screen all children at 12 months of age, a vital period for development and the time of greatest risk.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinic's performance screening for, diagnosing, and treating iron deficiency anemia; and to describe the prevalence and severity of anemia in infants and children attending a perirural clinic in the Dominican Republic.MethodsA total of 293 charts were reviewed for hemoglobin tests performed between 9 and 15 months of age. If a hemoglobin screening was performed, then sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and laboratory data were collected. If blood tests revealed anemia, then the presence or absence of documented anemia diagnosis as well as the presence or absence of documented provision of iron therapy were recorded.FindingsLess than one-third (87, 29.7%) of patients had a documented hemoglobin test performed in this age range. Of these, 89.6% indicated anemia and nearly half (48.6%) revealed moderate anemia. One-third (34%) of hemoglobin results revealing anemia were not accompanied by a documented diagnosis. The vast majority (86.5%) of results indicated microcytosis, yet just more than half (50.8%) of anemic patients received iron therapy.ConclusionsMany children at the clinic were not screened for iron deficiency anemia during the period of highest risk. In the participants screened, iron deficiency anemia was underdiagnosed and often untreated. Anemia is a significant burden in this community—one demanding reliable screening and universal supplementation.
Published: 2017
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11. Daily mapping of Landsat-like LAI and correlation to grape yield.

Author: Liang Sun 0005, Feng Gao 0009, Martha C. Anderson, Wayne P. Dulaney, Lynn G. McKee, Alex White 0001, William P. Kustas, Joe Alfteri, and John H. Prueger
Published: 2016
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12. Preoperative frailty measured by risk analysis index predicts complications and poor discharge outcomes after Brain Tumor Resection in a large multi-center analysis

Author: Rachel Thommen, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kavelin Rumalla, Alexander J. Kassicieh, Piyush Kalakoti, Meic H. Schmidt, Rohini G. McKee, Daniel E. Hall, Richard J. Miskimins, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Cancer Research, Neurology, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2022

13. Determining Evapotranspiration by Using Combination Equation Models with Sentinel-2 Data and Comparison with Thermal-Based Energy Balance in a California Irrigated Vineyard

Author: Guido D’Urso, Salvatore Falanga Bolognesi, William P. Kustas, Kyle R. Knipper, Martha C. Anderson, Maria M. Alsina, Christopher R. Hain, Joseph G. Alfieri, John H. Prueger, Feng Gao, Lynn G. McKee, Carlo De Michele, Andrew J. McElrone, Nicolas Bambach, Luis Sanchez, and Oscar Rosario Belfiore
Subjects: evapotranspiration, irrigation management, Penman–Monteith, Shuttleworth and Wallace, Sentinel-2, vineyards, Science
Abstract: A new approach is proposed to derive evapotranspiration (E) and irrigation requirements by implementing the combination equation models of Penman–Monteith and Shuttleworth and Wallace with surface parameters and resistances derived from Sentinel-2 data. Surface parameters are derived from Sentinel-2 and used as an input in these models; namely: the hemispherical shortwave albedo, leaf area index and water status of the soil and canopy ensemble evaluated by using a shortwave infrared-based index. The proposed approach has been validated with data acquired during the GRAPEX (Grape Remote-sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment) in California irrigated vineyards. The E products obtained with the combination equation models are evaluated by using eddy covariance flux tower measurements and are additionally compared with surface energy balance models with Landsat-7 and -8 thermal infrared data. The Shuttleworth and Wallace (S-W S-2) model provides an accuracy comparable to thermal-based methods when using local meteorological data, with daily E errors < 1 mm/day, which increased from 1 to 1.5 mm/day using meteorological forcing data from atmospheric models. The advantage of using the S-W S-2 modeling approach for monitoring ET is the high temporal revisit time of the Sentinel-2 satellites and the finer pixel resolution. These results suggest that, by integrating the thermal-based data fusion approach with the S-W S-2 modeling scheme, there is the potential to increase the frequency and reliability of satellite-based daily evapotranspiration products.
Published: 2021
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14. Performance of Sentinel-2 SAFER ET model for daily and seasonal estimation of grapevine water consumption

Author: Anderson L. S. Safre, Ayman Nassar, Alfonso Torres-Rua, Mayhar Aboutalebi, João C. C. Saad, Rodrigo L. Manzione, Antonio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira, John H. Prueger, Lynn G. McKee, Joseph G. Alfieri, Lawrence E. Hipps, Hector Nieto, William A. White, Maria del Mar Alsina, Luis Sanchez, William P. Kustas, Nick Dokoozlian, Feng Gao, and Martha C. Anderson
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2022

15. Towards generalizable predictions for G protein-coupled receptor variant expression

Author: Charles P. Kuntz, Hope Woods, Andrew G. McKee, Nathan B. Zelt, Jeffrey L. Mendenhall, Jens Meiler, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Subjects: Rhodopsin, Mutagenesis, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel, Mutation, Biophysics
Abstract: Missense mutations that compromise the plasma membrane expression (PME) of integral membrane proteins are the root cause of numerous genetic diseases. Differentiation of this class of mutations from those that specifically modify the activity of the folded protein has proven useful for the development and targeting of precision therapeutics. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to predict the effects of mutations on the stability and/ or expression of membrane proteins. In this work, we utilize deep mutational scanning data to train a series of artificial neural networks to predict the PME of transmembrane domain variants of G protein-coupled receptors from structural and/ or evolutionary features. We show that our best-performing network, which we term the PME predictor, can recapitulate mutagenic trends within rhodopsin and can differentiate pathogenic transmembrane domain variants that cause it to misfold from those that compromise its signaling. This network also generates statistically significant predictions for the relative PME of transmembrane domain variants for another class A G protein-coupled receptor (β
Published: 2022

16. Picture This! Bringing joy into Focus and Developing Healthy Habits of Mind: Rationale, design, and implementation of a randomized control trial for young adults

Author: Laura G. McKee, Sara B. Algoe, Alyssa L. Faro, Jessica L. O'Leary, and Catherine W. O'Neal
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Research shows that daily experiences of awe, curiosity, gratitude, joy, and love can put the average person on a trajectory of growth, success, and positive social connection, and can also prevent those who are suffering from following a downward spiral. Nonetheless, data show that most people are not functioning at optimal capacity. In fact, just 20% of people may be categorized as “flourishing,” with the vast majority of people merely “languishing,” at risk for mental health issues, or with clinical levels of mental health concerns. Despite the success of the Positive Psychology movement and the proliferation of Positive Psychology Interventions, the field remains in need of high quality studies that test potential mechanisms of change. The Picture This! intervention, informed by Positive Psychology principles, was designed to improve well-being and decrease depressive symptoms in young adults. This paper details the rationale, design, and implementation of a 4-group randomized control trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of Picture This!. Specific indices of mental health and well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms, gratitude) were measured at baseline and at the conclusion of the intervention along with potential mechanisms of change (i.e., attentional bias, cognitive style), while positive emotion and general well-being were assessed daily over the 21-day intervention period. If successful, this intervention may provide critical behavioral, cognitive, and attentional tools that, once internalized, can be drawn upon for years to come.
Published: 2019
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17. Ribosomal Frameshifting Selectively Modulates the Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Function of a Misfolded CFTR Variant

Author: Patrick Carmody, Francis J. Roushar, Austin Tedman, Madeline Herwig, Minsoo Kim, Eli F. McDonald, Jennifer Wong-Roushar, Jon-Luc Poirier, Nathan B. Zelt, Ben T. Pockrass, Andrew G. McKee, Charles P. Kuntz, Lars Plate, Wesley D. Penn, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Abstract: The cotranslational misfolding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a central role in the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The misfolding of the most common CF variant (ΔF508) remodels both the translational regulation and quality control of CFTR. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the misassembly of the nascent polypeptide influences the activity of the translation machinery. In this work, we identify a structural motif within the CFTR transcript that stimulates efficient -1 ribosomal frameshifting and triggers the premature termination of translation. Though this motif does not appear to impact the wild-type CFTR interactome, silent mutations that disrupt this RNA structure alter how ΔF508 CFTR interacts with numerous translation and quality control proteins. Moreover, disrupting this RNA structure enhances both the expression and function of ΔF508 CFTR with no impact on wild-type. Finally, we show that disrupting this motif enhances the pharmacological rescue of ΔF508 by Trikafta, which implies ribosomal frameshifting antagonizes the effects of leading CF therapeutics. Together, our results reveal that ribosomal frameshifting selectively reduces the expression and assembly of a misfolded CFTR variant. These findings suggest cotranslational misfolding alters the processivity of translation and potentially the stability of the mRNA transcript through the dynamic modulation of ribosomal frameshifting.
Published: 2023

18. General trends in the effects of VX-661 and VX-445 on the plasma membrane expression of clinical CFTR variants

Author: Andrew G. McKee, Eli F. McDonald, Wesley D. Penn, Charles P. Kuntz, Karen Noguera, Laura M. Chamness, Francis J. Roushar, Jens Meiler, Kathryn E. Oliver, Lars Plate, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Subjects: Pharmacology, Clinical Biochemistry, Drug Discovery, Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Published: 2023

19. Preoperative Laboratory Values Are Predictive of Adverse Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Older Than 65 Years Undergoing Brain Tumor Resection: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Study

Author: Samantha Varela, Hansell Puentes, Syed Faraz Kazim, Rohini G. Mckee, William T. Couldwell, Meic H. Schmidt, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2023

20. Evaluating different metrics from the thermal-based two-source energy balance model for monitoring grapevine water stress

Author: Héctor Nieto, María Mar Alsina, William P. Kustas, Omar García-Tejera, Fan Chen, Nicolas Bambach, Feng Gao, Joseph G. Alfieri, Lawrence E. Hipps, John H. Prueger, Lynn G. McKee, Einara Zahn, Elie Bou-Zeid, Andrew J. McElrone, Sebastian J. Castro, Nick Dokoozlian, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Agriculture (US), Agricultural Research Service (US), Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), and Nieto, Héctor
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Precision irrigation management requires operational monitoring of crop water status. However, there is still some controversy on how to account for crop water stress. To address this question, several physiological, several physiological metrics have been proposed, such as the leaf/stem water potentials, stomatal conductance, or sap flow. On the other hand, thermal remote sensing has been shown to be a promising tool for efficiently evaluating crop stress at adequate spatial and temporal scales, via the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), one of the most common indices used for assessing plant stress. CWSI relates the actual crop evapotranspiration ET (related to the canopy radiometric temperature) to the potential ET (or minimum crop temperature). However, remotely sensed surface temperature from satellite sensors includes a mixture of plant canopy and soil/substrate temperatures, while what is required for accurate crop stress detection is more related to canopy metrics, such as transpiration, as the latter one avoids the influence of soil/substrate in determining crop water status or stress. The Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model is one of the most widely used and robust evapotranspiration model for remote sensing. It has the capability of partitioning ET into the crop transpiration and soil evaporation components, which is required for accurate crop water stress estimates. This study aims at evaluating different TSEB metrics related to its retrievals of actual ET, transpiration and stomatal conductance, to track crop water stress in a vineyard in California, part of the GRAPEX experiment. Four eddy covariance towers were deployed in a Variable Rate Irrigation system in a Merlot vineyard that was subject to different stress periods. In addition, root-zone soil moisture, stomatal conductance and leaf/stem water potential were collected as proxy for in situ crop water stress. Results showed that the most robust variable for tracking water stress was the TSEB derived leaf stomatal conductance, with the strongest correlation with both the measured root-zone soil moisture and stomatal conductance gas exchange measurements. In addition, these metrics showed a better ability in tracking stress when the observations are taken early after noon., Funding and logistical support for the GRAPEX project were provided by E. & J. Gallo Winery and from the NASA Applied Sciences-Water Resources Program (Grant no. NNH17AE39I). This research was also supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
Published: 2022

21. Positive and Negative Interpretation Biases in the Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Depressive Symptoms in Primarily White Emerging Adults

Author: Meghan S. Goyer, Laura G. McKee, and Justin Parent
Subjects: Health (social science), Social Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Applied Psychology
Published: 2022

22. LAI estimation across California vineyards using sUAS multi-seasonal multi-spectral, thermal, and elevation information and machine learning

Author: Rui Gao, Alfonso F. Torres-Rua, Mahyar Aboutalebi, William A. White, Martha Anderson, William P. Kustas, Nurit Agam, Maria Mar Alsina, Joseph Alfieri, Lawrence Hipps, Nick Dokoozlian, Hector Nieto, Feng Gao, Lynn G. McKee, John H. Prueger, Luis Sanchez, Andrew J. Mcelrone, Nicolas Bambach-Ortiz, Calvin Coopmans, and Ian Gowing
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2022

23. The vertical turbulent structure within the surface boundary layer above a Vineyard in California’s Central Valley during GRAPEX

Author: Joseph G. Alfieri, William P. Kustas, John H. Prueger, Lynn G. McKee, Lawrence E. Hipps, and Nicolas Bambach
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2022

24. Frailty Measured by the Risk Analysis Index Predicts Nonhome Discharge and Mortality After Resection in Refractory Epilepsy: Analysis of 1236 Patients From a Prospective Surgical Registry, 2012 to 2020

Author: Emily M. Estes, Kavelin Rumalla, Syed Faraz Kazim, Alexander J. Kassicieh, Aaron C. Segura, Michael Kogan, Heather S. Spader, James A. Botros, Meic H. Schmidt, Jason P. Sheehan, Rohini G. McKee, Hae Won Shin, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Surgery, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2023

25. Microglia: A pharmacological target for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease

Author: Chloe G. McKee, Madison Hoffos, Haley A. Vecchiarelli, and Marie-Ève Tremblay
Subjects: Pharmacology, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract: As individuals age, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), become less effective at preserving brain circuits. Increases in microglial inflammatory activity are thought to contribute to age-related declines in cognitive functions and to transitions toward mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As microglia possess receptors for communicating with the CNS environment, pharmacological therapies targeting these pathways hold potential for promoting homeostatic microglial functions within the aging CNS. Preclinical and early phase clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents acting on microglia, including reactive oxygen species, TREM2, fractalkine signaling, the complement cascade, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, are currently underway; however, important questions remain unanswered. Current challenges include target selectivity, as many of the signaling pathways are expressed in other cell types. Furthermore, microglia are a heterogenous cell population with transcriptomic, proteomic, and microscopy studies revealing distinct microglial states, whose activities and abundance shift across the lifespan. For example, homeostatic microglia can transform into pathological states characterized by markers of oxidative stress. Selective pharmacological targeting aimed at limiting transitions to pathological states or promoting homeostatic or protective states, could help to avoid potentially harmful off-target effects on beneficial states or other cell types. In this mini-review we cover current microglial pathways of interest for the prevention and treatment of age-related cognitive decline and CNS disorders of aging focusing on MCI and AD. We also discuss the heterogeneity of microglia described in these conditions and how pharmacological agents could target specific microglial states.
Published: 2023

26. Preoperative Frailty Measured by Clinical Risk Analysis Index (RAI-C) and Adverse Events after Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma: A Single-Center Prospective Case Series

Author: Joshua Marquez, Benjamin Q. Spangler, Kavelin Rumalla, Syed Faraz Kazim, Evan Courville, Sagar A. Patel, Dominic K. Lundquist, Theodore N. Muka, Samantha Varela, Garth T. Olson, Liat N. Shama, Rohini G. Mckee, Meic H. Schmidt, and Christian A. Bowers
Published: 2023

27. ET Partitioning Assessment Using the TSEB Model and sUAS Information across California Central Valley Vineyards

Author: Rui Gao, Alfonso F. Torres-Rua, Hector Nieto, Einara Zahn, Lawrence Hipps, William P. Kustas, Maria Mar Alsina, Nicolas Bambach, Sebastian J. Castro, John H. Prueger, Joseph Alfieri, Lynn G. McKee, William A. White, Feng Gao, Andrew J. McElrone, Martha Anderson, Kyle Knipper, Calvin Coopmans, Ian Gowing, Nurit Agam, Luis Sanchez, and Nick Dokoozlian
Subjects: TSEB-2T, transpiration ratio, energy closure, TSEB-PT, California vineyards, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, sUAS, ET partitioning, temperature separation, transpiration
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial part of commercial grapevine production in California, and the partitioning of this quantity allows the separate assessment of soil and vine water and energy fluxes. This partitioning has an important role in agriculture since it is related to grapevine stress, yield quality, irrigation efficiency, and growth. Satellite remote sensing-based methods provide an opportunity for ET partitioning at a subfield scale. However, medium-resolution satellite imagery from platforms such as Landsat is often insufficient for precision agricultural management at the plant scale. Small, unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) such as the AggieAir platform from Utah State University enable ET estimation and its partitioning over vineyards via the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model. This study explores the assessment of ET and ET partitioning (i.e., soil water evaporation and plant transpiration), considering three different resistance models using ground-based information and aerial high-resolution imagery from the Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX). We developed a new method for temperature partitioning that incorporated a quantile technique separation (QTS) and high-resolution sUAS information. This new method, coupled with the TSEB model (called TSEB-2TQ), improved sensible heat flux (H) estimation, regarding the bias, with around 61% and 35% compared with the H from the TSEB-PT and TSEB-2T, respectively. Comparisons among ET partitioning estimates from three different methods (Modified Relaxed Eddy Accumulation—MREA; Flux Variance Similarity—FVS; and Conditional Eddy Covariance—CEC) based on EC flux tower data show that the transpiration estimates obtained from the FVS method are statistically different from the estimates from the MREA and the CEC methods, but the transpiration from the MREA and CEC methods are statistically the same. By using the transpiration from the CEC method to compare with the transpiration modeled by different TSEB models, the TSEB-2TQ shows better agreement with the transpiration obtained via the CEC method. Additionally, the transpiration estimation from TSEB-2TQ coupled with different resistance models resulted in insignificant differences. This comparison is one of the first for evaluating ET partitioning estimation from sUAS imagery based on eddy covariance-based partitioning methods.
Published: 2023
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28. Integrated 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic at the Huan-Liuqi-2A (HL-2A) tokamak

Author: X. Qin, G. McKee, Z. Yan, B. Geiger, R. Ke, K. Jaehnig, L. Morton, Y. Wu, T. Wu, and M. Xu
Subjects: Instrumentation
Abstract: Two newly developed, eight-channel, integrated Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) detectors have been installed at Huan-Liuqi-2A tokamak, which extends the existing 16 single-channel modular BES system with additional 16 spatial channels. The BES collects the Doppler-shifted Balmer D α emission with a spatial resolution of 1 cm (radial) × 1.5 cm (poloidal) and a temporal resolution of 0.5 µs to measure long-wavelength ( k⊥ ρ i < 1) density fluctuations. Compared to the modular BES, the dark noise of the integrated BES is reduced by 50%–60% on average. The signal-to-noise ratio of the integrated BES system is optimized by the high light throughput front-end optics, high quantum efficiency photodiodes, high-gain, low-noise preamplifiers, and sufficient cooling capacity provided by the thermoelectric cooling (TEC) units that maintain the detectors at −20 °C. Crosstalk between channels that share the same optical system is found to be negligible. High-quality density fluctuation data enables 2D (radial–poloidal) imaging of turbulence, which allows for multi-channel spectral analysis, multi-channel cross-correlation analysis and velocimetry analysis. Preliminary results show that BES successfully captures the spatiotemporal features of the local turbulence and obtains statistically consistent turbulence characterization results.
Published: 2022

29. Conceptualizing the Role of Parent and Child Emotion Regulation in the Treatment of Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Author: Laura G. McKee, Yexinyu Yang, April Highlander, Madison McCall, and Deborah J. Jones
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Education
Abstract: Behavior disorders (BDs) are common and costly, making prevention and early-intervention a clinical and public health imperative. Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) is the standard of care for early-onset (3-8 years old) BDs, yet effect sizes vary and wane with time suggesting the role of underlying factors accounting for variability in outcomes. The literature on emotion regulation (ER), which has been proposed as one such underlying factor, is reviewed here, including a brief overview of ER, theory and research linking ER, externalizing symptoms, and/or BDs, and still largely preliminary work exploring the role of parent and child ER in BPT outcomes. Research to date provides clues regarding the interrelationship of ER, BDs, and BPT; yet, determining whether adaptations to BPT targeting ER are necessary or useful, for whom such adaptations would be most important, and how those adaptations would be implemented requires addressing mixed findings and methodological limitations. To guide such work, we propose a conceptual model elucidating how standard BPT may impact ER and processes linked to ER, which we believe will be useful in organizing and advancing both basic and applied research in future work.
Published: 2022

30. Elucidation of Global Trends in the Effects of VX-661 and VX-445 on the Expression of Clinical CFTR Variants

Author: Andrew G. McKee, Eli F. McDonald, Wesley D. Penn, Charles P. Kuntz, Karen Noguera, Laura M. Chamness, Francis J. Roushar, Jens Meiler, Kathryn E. Oliver, Lars Plate, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic genetic disease caused by mutations that compromise the expression and/ or function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel (CFTR). Most people with CF harbor a common misfolded CFTR variant (ΔF508), which can be rescued by combination therapies containing “corrector” compounds that restore its expression. Nevertheless, there are over 400 other CF variants that differ in their sensitivity to correctors for reasons that remain unclear. In this work, we utilize deep mutational scanning to quantitatively compare the effects of two FDA-approved correctors on the plasma membrane expression of 129 known CF variants, including 45 that are currently unclassified. Across 67 variants with attenuated expression, we find that VX-661-sensitive variants generally exhibit intermediate expression and feature mutations near its binding pocket in transmembrane domains (TMDs) 1, 2, 3, and 6. VX-445 also primarily rescues variants with intermediate expression but is instead uniquely effective towards mutations near its binding pocket in TMDs 10 & 11. Structural calculations suggest corrector binding provides similar stabilization to both sensitive and insensitive variants. These findings collectively suggest the mutation-specific effects of these compounds depend on the degree of variant destabilization and/ or the timing of cotranslational folding defects. Combining these correctors synergistically rescues variants with deficient and intermediate expression alike, presumably by doubling the total binding energy and suppressing defects at different stages of translation. These results provide an unprecedented overview of the properties of rare CFTR variants and establish new tools for CF pharmacology.
Published: 2022

31. Impact of advection on two-source energy balance (TSEB) canopy transpiration parameterization for vineyards in the California Central Valley

Author: William P. Kustas, Hector Nieto, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Nicolas Bambach, Andrew J. McElrone, Feng Gao, Joseph G. Alfieri, Lawrence E. Hipps, John H. Prueger, Alfonso Torres-Rua, Martha C. Anderson, Kyle Knipper, Maria Mar Alsina, Lynn G. McKee, Einara Zahn, Elie Bou-Zeid, Nick Dokoozlian, E. & J. Gallo Winery, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Agriculture (US), and Agricultural Research Service (US)
Subjects: Soil Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Water conservation efforts for California’s agricultural industry are critical to its sustainability through severe droughts like the current one and others experienced over the last two decades. This is most critical for perennial crops, such as vineyards and orchards, which are costly to plant and maintain and constitute a significant fraction of the regional water use. It is no longer feasible to access groundwater for irrigation to replace deficit surface water resources during drought due to a significant overdraft of aquifers and new regulation limiting its use. To achieve significant water savings, the actual crop water use or evapotranspiration (ET) needs to be mapped from field to regional scales on a daily basis. This can only be achieved using remote sensing-based models, particularly thermal-based energy balance models that are sensitive to deficit irrigation conditions. The two-source energy balance (TSEB) model has been successfully applied over vineyards in California, but challenges still remain. In particular, much of the irrigated cropland in the California Central Valley is affected by advection of hot dry air masses from surrounding non-irrigated areas and the TSEB model appears to need modifications to adequately estimate ET under such conditions, as well as the partitioning between evaporation and transpiration. This study investigates the application of the TSEB model, using local observations in a vineyard having significant advection. Four versions of the transpiration algorithm in TSEB are applied and evaluated with tower eddy covariance measurements spanning 4 growing seasons. The results suggest the performance of the original transpiration algorithm based on Priestley–Taylor used in TSEB is satisfactory in all but the most extreme advective conditions, while a transpiration algorithm based on Shuttleworth–Wallace with a canopy resistance formula, which relates maximum stomata conductance to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), performs well in all cases. These modifications have potential for improving regional applications of the TSEB model in support of water management in the Central Valley., Funding and logistical support for the GRAPEX project were provided by E. & J. Gallo Winery and from the NASA Applied Sciences-Water Resources Program (Grant No. NNH17AE39I). This research was also supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
Published: 2022

32. Conceptual design and performance predictions for 2D beam emission spectroscopy turbulence measurements at Wendelstein 7-X

Author: D. R. Smith, G. McKee, D. Den Hartog, B. Geiger, O. Grulke, X. Han, K. Jaehnig, C. Seyfert, and T. Windisch
Subjects: Instrumentation
Abstract: A conceptual design for a 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic system to measure ion gyro-scale plasma turbulence at Wendeslstein 7-X is described. The conceptual design identifies field-aligned viewing geometries and ports for cross-field turbulence measurements in the neutral beam volume. A 2D sightline grid covers the outer plasma region, and the grid configuration provides sufficient k-space coverage in radial and poloidal directions for ion temperature gradient and trapped-electron mode turbulence measurements. Emission intensity estimates, optical transmission losses, and detector noise levels indicate that the measurements will be sensitive to plasma density fluctuations as small as δn/ n ≈ 0.5% with a bandwidth of 1 MHz. Implementation challenges include a small beam emission Doppler shift due to nearly radial heating beams and reduced optical throughput due to collection aperture limitations.
Published: 2022

33. Exploratory analysis of vineyard leaf water potential against UAS multispectral and temperature information

Author: Rui Gao, Maria del Mar Alsina, Alfonso F. Torres-Rua, Lawrence Hipps, William P. Kustas, William A. White, Martha Anderson, Joseph G. Alfieri, Nick Dokoozlian, Hector Nieto, Feng Gao, Lynn G. McKee, John H. Prueger, Luis Sanchez, Andrew J. McElrone, Nicolas Bambach-Ortiz, Calvin Coopmans, and Ian Gowing
Published: 2022

34. Using High-Spatiotemporal Thermal Satellite ET Retrievals for Operational Water Use and Stress Monitoring in a California Vineyard

Author: Kyle R. Knipper, William P. Kustas, Martha C. Anderson, Maria Mar Alsina, Christopher R. Hain, Joseph G. Alfieri, John H. Prueger, Feng Gao, Lynn G. McKee, and Luis A. Sanchez
Subjects: evapotranspiration, remote sensing, thermal-infrared, viticulture, data fusion, water resource management, California, Science
Abstract: In viticulture, deficit irrigation strategies are often implemented to control vine canopy growth and to impose stress at critical stages of vine growth to improve wine grape quality. To support deficit irrigation scheduling, remote sensing technologies can be employed in the mapping of evapotranspiration (ET) at the field to sub-field scales, quantifying time-varying vineyard water requirements and actual water use. In the current study, we investigate the utility of ET maps derived from thermal infrared satellite imagery over a vineyard in the Central Valley of California equipped with a variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) system which enables differential water applications at the 30 × 30 m scale. To support irrigation management at that scale, we utilized a thermal-based multi-sensor data fusion approach to generate weekly total actual ET (ETa) estimates at 30 m spatial resolution, coinciding with the resolution of the Landsat reflectance bands. Crop water requirements (ETc) were defined with a vegetative index (VI)-based approach. To test capacity to capture stress signals, the vineyard was sub-divided into four blocks with different irrigation management strategies and goals, inducing varying degrees of stress during the growing season. Results indicate derived weekly total ET from the thermal-based data fusion approach match well with observations. The thermal-based method was also able to capture the spatial heterogeneity in ET over the vineyard due to a water stress event imposed on two of the four vineyard blocks. This transient stress event was not reflected in the VI-based ETc estimate, highlighting the value of thermal band imaging. While the data fusion system provided valuable information, latency in current satellite data availability, particularly from Landsat, impacts operational applications over the course of a growing season.
Published: 2019
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35. Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author: Jane E. Brumbaugh, Betty R. Vohr, Edward F. Bell, Carla M. Bann, Colm P. Travers, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Heidi M. Harmon, Waldemar A. Carlo, Andrea F. Duncan, Susan R. Hintz, Alan H. Jobe, Michael S. Caplan, Richard A. Polin, Abbot R. Laptook, Martin Keszler, Angelita M. Hensman, Barbara Alksninis, Carmena Bishop, Robert T. Burke, Melinda Caskey, Laurie Hoffman, Katharine Johnson, Mary Lenore Keszler, Andrea M. Knoll, Vita Lamberson, Teresa M. Leach, Emilee Little, Bonnie E. Stephens, Elisa Vieira, Lucille St. Pierre, Suzy Ventura, Victoria E. Watson, Anna Maria Hibbs, Michele C. Walsh, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Nancy S. Newman, Monika Bhola, Allison H. Payne, Bonnie S. Siner, Gulgun Yalcinkaya, William E. Truog, Eugenia K. Pallotto, Howard W. Kilbride, Cheri Gauldin, Anne Holmes, Kathy Johnson, Allison Scott, Prabhu S. Parimi, Lisa Gaetano, Brenda B. Poindexter, Kurt Schibler, Suhas G. Kallapur, Edward F. Donovan, Stephanie Merhar, Cathy Grisby, Kimberly Yolton, Barbara Alexander, Traci Beiersdorfer, Kate Bridges, Tanya E. Cahill, Juanita Dudley, Estelle E. Fischer, Teresa L. Gratton, Devan Hayes, Jody Hessling, Lenora D. Jackson, Kristin Kirker, Holly L. Mincey, Greg Muthig, Sara Stacey, Jean J. Steichen, Stacey Tepe, Julia Thompson, Sandra Wuertz, C. Michael Cotten, Ronald N. Goldberg, Ricki F. Goldstein, William F. Malcolm, Deesha Mago-Shah, Patricia L. Ashley, Joanne Finkle, Kathy J. Auten, Kimberley A. Fisher, Sandra Grimes, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Melody B. Lohmeyer, Matthew M. Laughon, Carl L. Bose, Janice Bernhardt, Gennie Bose, Cindy Clark, Jennifer Talbert, Diane Warner, Andrea Trembath, T. Michael O'Shea, Janice Wereszczak, Stephen D. Kicklighter, Ginger Rhodes-Ryan, Donna White, Ravi M. Patel, David P. Carlton, Barbara J. Stoll, Ellen C. Hale, Yvonne C. Loggins, Ira Adams-Chapman, Ann Blackwelder, Diane I. Bottcher, Sheena L. Carter, Salathiel Kendrick-Allwood, Judith Laursen, Maureen Mulligan LaRossa, Colleen Mackie, Amy Sanders, Irma Seabrook, Gloria Smikle, Lynn C. Wineski, Rosemary D. Higgins, Andrew A. Bremer, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Gregory M. Sokol, Anna M. Dusick, Lu Ann Papile, Susan Gunn, Faithe Hamer, Dianne E. Herron, Abbey C. Hines, Carolyn Lytle, Lucy C. Miller, Heike M. Minnich, Leslie Richard, Lucy Smiley, Leslie Dawn Wilson, Jon E. Tyson, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Amir M. Khan, Andrea Duncan, Ricardo Mosquera, Emily K. Stephens, Georgia E. McDavid, Nora I. Alaniz, Elizabeth Allain, Julie Arldt-McAlister, Katrina Burson, Allison G. Dempsey, Elizabeth Eason, Patricia W. Evans, Carmen Garcia, Charles Green, Donna Hall, Beverly Foley Harris, Margarita Jiminez, Janice John, Patrick M. Jones, M. Layne Lillie, Anna E. Lis, Karen Martin, Sara C. Martin, Carrie M. Mason, Shannon McKee, Brenda H. Morris, Kimberly Rennie, Shawna Rodgers, Saba Khan Siddiki, Maegan C. Simmons, Daniel Sperry, Patti L. Pierce Tate, Sharon L. Wright, Pablo J. Sánchez, Leif D. Nelin, Sudarshan R. Jadcherla, Jonathan L. Slaughter, Keith O. Yeates, Sarah Keim, Nathalie L. Maitre, Christopher J. Timan, Patricia Luzader, Erna Clark, Christine A. Fortney, Julie Gutentag, Courtney Park, Julie Shadd, Margaret Sullivan, Melanie Stein, Mary Ann Nelin, Julia Newton, Kristi Small, Stephanie Burkhardt, Jessica Purnell, Lindsay Pietruszewski, Katelyn Levengood, Nancy Batterson, Pamela Morehead, Helen Carey, Lina Yoseff-Salameh, Rox Ann Sullivan, Cole Hague, Jennifer Grothause, Erin Fearns, Aubrey Fowler, Jennifer Notestine, Jill Tonneman, Krystal Hay, Michelle Chao, Kyrstin Warnimont, Laura Marzec, Bethany Miller, Demi R. Beckford, Hallie Baugher, Brittany DeSantis, Cory Hanlon, Jacqueline McCool, Abhik Das, Marie G. Gantz, Dennis Wallace, Margaret M. Crawford, Jenna Gabrio, David Leblond, Jamie E. Newman, Carolyn M. Petrie Huitema, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, W. Kenneth Poole, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Valerie Y. Chock, David K. Stevenson, Marian M. Adams, M. Bethany Ball, Barbara Bentley, Elizabeth Bruno, Alexis S. Davis, Maria Elena DeAnda, Anne M. DeBattista, Lynne C. Huffman, Magdy Ismael, Jean G. Kohn, Casey Krueger, Janice Lowe, Ryan E. Lucash, Andrew W. Palmquist, Jessica Patel, Melinda S. Proud, Elizabeth N. Reichert, Nicholas H. St. John, Dharshi Sivakumar, Heather L. Taylor, Natalie Wager, R. Jordan Williams, Hali Weiss, Ivan D. Frantz, John M. Fiascone, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Anne Furey, Ellen Nylen, Paige T. Church, Cecelia E. Sibley, Ana K. Brussa, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Kathleen G. Nelson, Kirstin J. Bailey, Fred J. Biasini, Stephanie A. Chopko, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Kristen C. Johnston, Mary Beth Moses, Cryshelle S. Patterson, Vivien A. Phillips, Julie Preskitt, Richard V. Rector, Sally Whitley, Uday Devaskar, Meena Garg, Isabell B. Purdy, Teresa Chanlaw, Rachel Geller, Neil N. Finer, Yvonne E. Vaucher, David Kaegi, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Kathy Arnell, Clarence Demetrio, Martha G. Fuller, Wade Rich, Tarah T. Colaizy, John A. Widness, Michael J. Acarregui, Karen J. Johnson, Diane L. Eastman, Claire A. Goeke, Mendi L. Schmelzel, Jacky R. Walker, Michelle L. Baack, Laurie A. Hogden, Megan Broadbent, Chelsey Elenkiwich, Megan M. Henning, Sarah Van Muyden, Dan L. Ellsbury, Donia B. Campbell, Tracy L. Tud, Shahnaz Duara, Charles R. Bauer, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Sylvia Fajardo-Hiriart, Arielle Rigaud, Maria Calejo, Silvia M. Frade Eguaras, Michelle Harwood Berkowits, Andrea Garcia, Helina Pierre, Alexandra Stoerger, Kristi L. Watterberg, Janell Fuller, Robin K. Ohls, Sandra Sundquist Beauman, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Mary Hanson, Carol Hartenberger, Elizabeth Kuan, Jean R. Lowe, Rebecca A. Thomson, Sara B. DeMauro, Eric C. Eichenwald, Barbara Schmidt, Haresh Kirpalani, Aasma S. Chaudhary, Soraya Abbasi, Toni Mancini, Christine Catts, Noah Cook, Dara M. Cucinotta, Judy C. Bernbaum, Marsha Gerdes, Sarvin Ghavam, Hallam Hurt, Jonathan Snyder, Saritha Vangala, Kristina Ziolkowski, Carl T. D'Angio, Dale L. Phelps, Ronnie Guillet, Gary J. Myers, Michelle Andrews-Hartley, Julie Babish Johnson, Kyle Binion, Melissa Bowman, Elizabeth Boylin, Erica Burnell, Kelly R. Coleman, Cait Fallone, Osman Farooq, Julianne Hunn, Diane Hust, Rosemary L. Jensen, Rachel Jones, Jennifer Kachelmeyer, Emily Kushner, Deanna Maffett, Kimberly G. McKee, Joan Merzbach, Constance Orme, Diane Prinzing, Linda J. Reubens, Daisy Rochez, Mary Rowan, Premini Sabaratnam, Ann Marie Scorsone, Holly I.M. Wadkins, Kelley Yost, Lauren Zwetsch, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Anne Marie Reynolds, Michael G. Sacilowski, Stephanie Guilford, Emily Li, Ashley Williams, William A. Zorn, Myra H. Wyckoff, Luc P. Brion, Walid A. Salhab, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Roy J. Heyne, Diana M. Vasil, Sally S. Adams, Lijun Chen, Maria M. De Leon, Francis Eubanks, Alicia Guzman, Gaynelle Hensley, Elizabeth T. Heyne, Lizette E. Lee, Melissa H. Leps, Linda A. Madden, E. Rebecca McDougald, Nancy A. Miller, Janet S. Morgan, Lara Pavageau, Pollieanna Sepulveda, Kristine Tolentino-Plata, Cathy Twell Boatman, Azucena Vera, Jillian Waterbury, Bradley A. Yoder, Mariana Baserga, Roger G. Faix, Sarah Winter, Stephen D. Minton, Mark J. Sheffield, Carrie A. Rau, Shawna Baker, Karie Bird, Jill Burnett, Susan Christensen, Laura Cole-Bledsoe, Brandy Davis, Jennifer O. Elmont, Jennifer J. Jensen, Manndi C. Loertscher, Jamie Jordan, Trisha Marchant, Earl Maxson, Kandace M. McGrath, Karen A. Osborne, D. Melody Parry, Brixen A. Reich, Susan T. Schaefer, Cynthia Spencer, Michael Steffen, Katherine Tice, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, Kathryn D. Woodbury, Karen Zanetti, Robert G. Dillard, Lisa K. Washburn, Barbara G. Jackson, Nancy Peters, Korinne Chiu, Deborah Evans Allred, Donald J. Goldstein, Raquel Halfond, Carroll Peterson, Ellen L. Waldrep, Cherrie D. Welch, Melissa Whalen Morris, Gail Wiley Hounshell, Seetha Shankaran, Beena G. Sood, Girija Natarajan, Athina Pappas, Katherine Abramczyk, Prashant Agarwal, Monika Bajaj, Rebecca Bara, Elizabeth Billian, Sanjay Chawla, Kirsten Childs, Lilia C. De Jesus, Debra Driscoll, Melissa February, Laura A. Goldston, Mary E. Johnson, Geraldine Muran, Bogdan Panaitescu, Jeannette E. Prentiss, Diane White, Eunice Woldt, John Barks, Stephanie A. Wiggins, Mary K. Christensen, Martha D. Carlson, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Harris Jacobs, Christine G. Butler, Patricia Cervone, Sheila Greisman, Monica Konstantino, JoAnn Poulsen, Janet Taft, Joanne Williams, and Elaine Romano
Subjects: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Published: 2023

36. Thirty-day outcomes for suboccipital decompression in adults with Chiari malformation type I: a frailty-driven perspective from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Author: Alexander J. Kassicieh, Emily M. Estes, Kavelin Rumalla, Syed Faraz Kazim, Rohini G. McKee, Meic H. Schmidt, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Surgery, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine
Abstract: OBJECTIVE When indicated, patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) may benefit from suboccipital decompression (SOD). Although SOD is considered a lower-risk neurosurgical procedure, preoperative risk assessment and careful surgical patient selection remain critical. The objectives of the present study were twofold: 1) describe 30-day SOD outcomes for CM patients with attention to the impact of preoperative frailty and 2) design a predictive model for the primary endpoint of nonhome discharge (NHD). METHODS There were 1015 CM-I patients who underwent SOD in the 2011–2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database, as specified by diagnostic and procedural codes (Current Procedural Terminology code 61343). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze total cohort baseline demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes within 30 days of surgery. Univariate cross-tabulation was used to compare baseline demographics and preoperative characteristics across the NHD and home discharge (HD) cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the discriminative ability of the revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI-rev) on NHD. RESULTS The study cohort had a median age of 36 years, and 80.6% of patients were female. Race distribution was categorized as White (69.9%), Black (16.6%), and other groups (13.6%). The most common preoperative comorbidities were active smoking (24.4%), hypertension (19.2%), and diabetes mellitus (4.7%). The primary outcome of NHD occurred in 4.6% of patients (n = 47). Increasing frailty (measured by the RAI-rev) was associated with a stepwise increase in the rate of NHD: 2.3% for RAI-rev scores 0–10, 5.8% for RAI-rev scores 11–15, 7.6% for RAI-rev scores 16–20, 18.2% for RAI-rev scores 21–25, and 77.8% for RAI-rev scores ≥ 26 (p < 0.001). Other preoperative factors associated with NHD included older age, nonelective surgery, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated creatinine (all p < 0.01). The other most common 30-day complications included unplanned readmission (9.3%), unplanned reoperation (5.3%), return to the operating room (5.8%), Clavien-Dindo grade IV (life-threatening) (1.5%), organ space surgical site infection (SSI) (1.5%), superficial SSI (1.4%), and reoperation for a CSF leak (1.1%). Surgical mortality (within 30 days) was extremely rare (1/1015, 0.1%). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that RAI-rev predicted NHD with significant discriminatory accuracy among CM-I patients who received SOD treatment (C-statistic 0.731, 95% CI 0.648–0.814). CONCLUSIONS This decade-long analysis of a multicenter surgical registry provides internationally representative, modern rates of 30-day outcomes after suboccipital decompression (with or without duraplasty) for adult CM-I patients. Preoperative frailty assessment with the RAI-rev may help identify higher-risk surgical candidates.
Published: 2023

37. Perioperative Risk Stratification Model for Readmission after Panniculectomy

Author: Barkat Ali, Timothy R. Petersen, and Rohini G. McKee
Subjects: Postoperative Complications, Lipectomy, Risk Factors, Abdominoplasty, Humans, Surgery, Patient Readmission, Risk Assessment, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Readmission is an important metric for surgical quality of care. This study aimed to develop a validated risk model that reliably predicts readmission after panniculectomy using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify all patients who had undergone panniculectomy from 2005 to 2018. The outcome of interest was 30-day readmission. The cohort was divided randomly into 70 percent development and 30 percent validation groups. Independent predictors of 30-day readmission were identified using multivariable logistic regression on the development group. The predictors were weighted according to beta coefficients to generate an integer-based clinical risk score predictive of readmission, which was validated against the validation group.For the model selection, 22 variables were identified based on criteria of p0.05 percent and complete data availability. Variables included in the development model included inpatient surgery, hypertension, obesity, functional dependence, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wound class greater than or equal to 3, American Society of Anesthesiologists class greater than 3, and liposuction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the validation group rendered an area under the curve of 0.710, which demonstrates the accuracy of this prediction model. The predicted incidence within each risk stratum was statistically similar to the observed incidence in the validation group ( p0.01), further highlighting the accuracy of the model.The authors present a validated risk stratification model for readmission following panniculectomy. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether the implementation of the authors' clinical risk score optimizes safety and reduces readmission rates.Risk, III.
Published: 2022

38. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: M. E. Fenstermacher, J. Abbate, S. Abe, T. Abrams, M. Adams, B. Adamson, N. Aiba, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, E. Allen, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, T. Andrews, D. Appelt, R. Arbon, N. Ashikawa, A. Ashourvan, M. Aslin, Y. Asnis, M. Austin, D. Ayala, J. Bak, I. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, E. Bass, D. Battaglia, A. Battey, W. Baumgartner, L. Baylor, J. Beckers, M. Beidler, E. Belli, J. Berkery, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, M. Beurskens, R. Bielajew, S. Bilgili, B. Biswas, S. Blondel, J. Boedo, I. Bogatu, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, M. Bongard, X. Bonnin, P. Bonoli, M. Bonotto, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, N. Bosviel, S. Bouwmans, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, G. Brown, W. Brown, M. Burke, K. Burrell, K. Butler, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, G. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, P. Cano-Megias, N. Cao, L. Carayannopoulos, T. Carlstrom, W. Carrig, T. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, G. Cespedes Paz, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, M. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Choi, W. Choi, G. Choi, L. Chousal, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, J. Clark, M. Clement, S. Coda, A. Cole, C. Collins, W. Conlin, A. Cooper, J. Cordell, B. Coriton, T. Cote, J. Cothran, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, D. Cruz-Zabala, D. Cummings, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, B. Dannels, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, G. De Tommasi, P. De Vries, G. Degrandchamp, J. Degrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, S. Depasquale, E. Deshazer, A. Diallo, S. Diem, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, T. Do, J. Doane, G. Dong, D. Donovan, J. Drake, W. Drews, J. Drobny, X. Du, H. Du, V. Duarte, D. Dudt, C. Dunn, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, R. Ellis, W. Elwasif, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fasciana, D. Fedorov, E. Feibush, N. Ferraro, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, P. Fimognari, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, P. Fox, W. Fox, L. Frassinetti, H. Frerichs, H. Frye, Y. Fu, K. Gage, J. Galdon Quiroga, A. Gallo, Q. Gao, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, D. Geng, K. Gentle, D. Ghosh, L. Giacomelli, S. Gibson, E. Gilson, C. Giroud, F. Glass, A. Glasser, D. Glibert, P. Gohil, R. Gomez, S. Gomez, X. Gong, E. Gonzales, A. Goodman, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, T. Gray, D. Green, C. Greenfield, M. Greenwald, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. Grunloh, S. Gu, W. Guo, H. Guo, P. Gupta, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, T. Guzman, S. Haar, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, T. Hall, K. Hallatschek, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, H. Han, E. Hansen, C. Hansen, M. Hansink, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, G. Hao, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, E. Hassan, A. Hassanein, D. Hatch, R. Hawryluk, W. Hayashi, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, D. Hill, E. Hinson, C. Holcomb, L. Holland, C. Holland, E. Hollmann, J. Hollocombe, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, M. Honda, R. Hong, R. Hood, A. Horton, L. Horvath, M. Hosokawa, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, D. Hoyt, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, J. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Hughes, T. Human, D. Humphreys, P. Huynh, A. Hyatt, C. Ibanez, L. Ibarra, R. Icasas, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, O. Izacard, V. Izzo, A. Jackson, G. Jacobsen, A. Jaervinen, A. Jalalvand, J. Janhunen, S. Jardin, H. Jarleblad, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, E. Joffrin, A. Johansen, C. Johnson, T. Johnson, C. Jones, I. Joseph, D. Jubas, B. Junge, W. Kalb, R. Kalling, C. Kamath, J. Kang, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, S. Kasdorf, J. Kates-Harbeck, P. Kazantzidis, A. Kellman, D. Kellman, C. Kessel, K. Khumthong, E. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, W. Kimura, M. King, J. King, J. Kinsey, A. Kirk, B. Kiyan, A. Kleiner, V. Klevarova, R. Knapp, M. Knolker, W. Ko, T. Kobayashi, E. Koch, M. Kochan, B. Koel, M. Koepke, A. Kohn, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, D. Kriete, L. Kripner, S. Kubota, J. Kulchar, K. Kwon, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, H. Lan, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, A. Lasa Esquisabel, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, B. Leard, J. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lee, Y. Lee, C. Lee, S. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. Lesher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, X. Li, K. Li, E. Li, G. Li, L. Li, Z. Li, J. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, D. Lin, X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, D. Liu, A. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, L. Lodestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, B. Lombardo, J. Lore, Q. Luan, T. Luce, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, Z. Luo, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, M. Madruga, B. Madsen, C. Maggi, K. Maheshwari, A. Mail, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, M. Major, M. Makowski, R. Manchanda, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, T. Markovic, L. Marrelli, E. Martin, J. Mateja, G. Matsunaga, R. Maurizio, P. Mauzey, D. Mauzey, G. Mcardle, J. Mcclenaghan, K. Mccollam, C. Mcdevitt, K. Mckay, G. Mckee, A. Mclean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, C. Michoski, P. Milne, G. Minet, A. Misleh, Y. Mitrishkin, C. Moeller, K. Montes, M. Morales, S. Mordijck, D. Moreau, S. Morosohk, P. Morris, L. Morton, A. Moser, R. Moyer, C. Moynihan, T. Mrazkova, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, J. Munoz Burgos, C. Murphy, K. Murphy, C. Muscatello, C. Myers, A. Nagy, G. Nandipati, M. Navarro, F. Nave, G. Navratil, R. Nazikian, A. Neff, G. Neilson, T. Neiser, W. Neiswanger, D. Nelson, A. Nelson, F. Nespoli, R. Nguyen, L. Nguyen, X. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, S. Nogami, S. Noraky, N. Norausky, M. Nornberg, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, D. Ogas, T. Ogorman, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohtani, M. Okabayashi, M. Okamoto, L. Olavson, E. Olofsson, M. Omullane, R. Oneill, D. Orlov, W. Orvis, T. Osborne, D. Pace, G. Paganini Canal, A. Pajares Martinez, L. Palacios, C. Pan, Q. Pan, R. Pandit, M. Pandya, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, B. Patel, C. Pawley, C. Paz-Soldan, W. Peebles, S. Pelton, R. Perillo, C. Petty, Y. Peysson, D. Pierce, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, A. Pironti, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, U. Plank, M. Podesta, E. Poli, F. Poli, D. Ponce, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, G. Porter, C. Powers, S. Powers, R. Prater, Q. Pratt, I. Pusztai, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, T. Raines, R. Raman, J. Rauch, A. Raymond, C. Rea, M. Reich, A. Reiman, S. Reinhold, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, J. Ren, M. Rensink, J. Renteria, T. Rhodes, J. Rice, R. Roberts, J. Robinson, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, A. Rosenthal, S. Rosiello, J. Rost, J. Roveto, W. Rowan, R. Rozenblat, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, J. Ruiz Ruiz, R. Rupani, S. Saarelma, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, J. Saenz, S. Saib, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, K. Schaubel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, J. Schneider, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, J. Schwartz, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. 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Thornton, A. Ti, M. Tillack, N. Timchenko, R. Tinguely, R. Tompkins, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. Trevisan, S. Tripathi, A. Trujillo Ochoa, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, M. Umansky, E. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. Vail, J. Valdez, W. Valkis, B. Van Compernolle, J. Van Galen, R. Van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, B. Victor, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, M. Wade, F. Waelbroeck, J. Wai, T. Wakatsuki, M. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, S. Ward, M. Watkins, J. Watkins, W. Wehner, Y. Wei, M. Weiland, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. White, R. White, S. Wiesen, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wolde, M. Wolff, K. Woller, A. Wolz, H. Wong, S. Woodruff, M. Wu, Y. Wu, S. Wukitch, G. Wurden, W. Xiao, R. Xie, Z. Xing, X. Xu, C. Xu, G. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yokoyama, R. Yoneda, M. Yoshida, K. You, T. Younkin, J. Yu, M. Yu, G. Yu, Q. Yuan, L. Zaidenberg, L. Zakharov, A. 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R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, General Atomics, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Imperial College London, National Institute for Fusion Science, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Texas at Austin, ITER, College of William and Mary, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, West Virginia University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, National Research Council of Italy, Stony Brook University, Purdue University, University of Seville, University of Science and Technology of China, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for Plasma Research, Peking University, University of California Davis, University of California Irvine, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of Liverpool, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Milan - Bicocca, Georgia Institute of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics, University of Toronto, Auburn University, Polytechnic University of Turin, Universidade Lisboa, Association CCFE, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, San Diego State University, Durham University, Lehigh University, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Washington, Department of Applied Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Ghent University, Technical University of Denmark, CEA, University of Colorado Boulder, Harvard University, National Technical University of Athens, Coventry University, University of Stuttgart, Czech Academy of Sciences, Harvey Mudd College, Seoul National University, Donghua University, University of York, Dalian University of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, University of Strathclyde, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Southern California, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Virginia, University of Naples Federico II, University of Oxford, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut, DIFFER, CIEMAT, Hanyang University, Brigham Young University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Australian National University, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zhejiang University, The University of Tokyo, University of Michigan, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, DIII-D Team, Complex Ionized Media, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Control Systems Technology
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Technology and Engineering, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, TOKAMAKS, MITIGATION, law.invention, Plasma physics, mitigation, law, plasma physic, tokamak, Physics, Core-edge integration, Basis (linear algebra), plasma physics, core-edge integration, scenarios, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, SCENARIOS, fusion energy, Fusion energy
Abstract: Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IAEA, Vienna. DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
Published: 2022

39. Molecular Basis for Variations in the Sensitivity of Pathogenic Rhodopsin Variants to 9-cis-Retinal

Author: Francis J. Roushar, Andrew G. McKee, Charles P. Kuntz, Joseph T. Ortega, Wesley D. Penn, Hope Woods, Laura M. Chamness, Victoria Most, Jens Meiler, Beata Jastrzebska, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Abstract: Over 100 mutations in the rhodopsin gene have been linked to a spectrum of retinopathies that include retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness. Though most of these variants exhibit a loss of function, the molecular defects caused by these underlying mutations vary considerably. In this work, we utilize deep mutational scanning to quantitatively compare the plasma membrane expression of 123 known pathogenic rhodopsin variants in the presence and absence of the stabilizing cofactor 9-cis-retinal. We identify 69 retinopathy variants, including 20 previously uncharacterized variants, that exhibit diminished plasma membrane expression in HEK293T cells. 67 of these apparent class II variants exhibit a measurable increase in expression in the presence of 9-cis-retinal. However, the magnitude of the response to this molecule varies considerably across this spectrum of mutations. Evaluation of the observed shifts in relation to thermodynamic estimates for the coupling between binding and folding suggests underlying differences in stability constrains the magnitude of their response to retinal. Nevertheless, estimates from computational modeling suggest many of the least sensitive variants also directly compromise binding. Finally, we evaluate the functional properties of three previous uncharacterized, retinal-sensitive variants (ΔN73, S131P, and R135G) and show that two retain residual function in vitro. Together, our results provide a comprehensive experimental characterization of the proteostatic properties of retinopathy variants and their response to retinal.
Published: 2022

40. What do daily reports add to the picture? Results from a photography intervention designed to increase positive emotion

Author: Laura G. McKee, Jessica L. O'Leary, Sara B. Algoe, and Alyssa L. Faro
Subjects: Experience sampling method, Intervention (counseling), 05 social sciences, Photography, Positive emotion, Psychological intervention, 050109 social psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Positive psychology, Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, General Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Although meta-analytic reviews highlight the small average impact of positive psychology interventions (PPIs), it is often unclear how or why interventions succeed. A pilot study of Picture This! –...
Published: 2020

41. Letter: Association of Late Week Nonhome Discharge With Increased Length of Stay in Intracranial Meningioma Resection Patients

Author: Samantha Varela, Joshua Garcia, Syed Faraz Kazim, Meic H. Schmidt, Rohini G. McKee, Richard Miskimins, Carlos Abeyta, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Risk Factors, Meningeal Neoplasms, Humans, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Length of Stay, Meningioma, Patient Discharge, Retrospective Studies
Published: 2022

42. Design study of an edge current density diagnostic using new high-performance single-channel beam emission spectrometers at DIII-D

Author: R. Albosta, B. Geiger, G. McKee, D. Den Hartog, J. Schellpfeffer, T. Gallenberger, S. Stewart, and R. Dux
Subjects: Instrumentation
Abstract: A novel Motional Stark Effect spectroscopy system has been designed for application at the DIII-D tokamak. The system is optimized for studies of the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field in the plasma pedestal region with frame rates of up to 10 kHz. Light from an existing high-photon-throughput collection lens is analyzed using four single-channel f/2.8 Czerny–Turner spectrometers that use custom-made lens systems instead of mirrors. Each spectrometer has two separate outgoing legs and is operated in a positive grating order, which allows for simultaneous observations of D-alpha and D-beta spectra. Forward modeling using the code FIDASIM shows a radial resolution of the system close to 0.6 cm and sufficiently good spectral resolution when masking the high throughput light collection lens in the horizontal direction to avoid overly strong Doppler broadening of beam emission lines. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity study considering realistic levels of readout and photon noise shows that the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field strengths can be inferred with an uncertainty of less than 1%, which will allow the inference of changes of the plasma current during transient events.
Published: 2022

43. Towards Generalizable Predictions for the Effects of Mutations on G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression

Author: Charles P. Kuntz, Hope Woods, Andrew G. McKee, Nathan B. Zelt, Jeffrey L. Mendenhall, Jens Meiler, and Jonathan P. Schlebach
Abstract: Missense mutations that compromise the plasma membrane expression (PME) of integral membrane proteins (MPs) are the root cause of numerous genetic diseases. Differentiation of this class of mutations from those that specifically modify the activity of the folded protein has proven useful for the development and targeting of precision therapeutics. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to predict the effects of mutations on the stability and/ or expression of MPs. In this work, we utilize deep mutational scanning data to train a series of artificial neural networks to predict the effects of mutations on the PME of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin from structural and/ or evolutionary features. We show that our best performing network, which we term PMEpred, can differentiate pathogenic rhodopsin variants that induce misfolding from those that primarily compromise signaling. This network also generates statistically significant predictions for the effects of mutations on the PME of another GPCR (β2 adrenergic receptor) but not for an unrelated voltage-gated potassium channel (KCNQ1). Notably, our analyses of these networks suggest structural features alone are generally sufficient to recapitulate the observed mutagenic trends. Moreover, our findings imply that networks trained in this manner may be generalizable to proteins that share a common fold. Implications of our findings for the design of mechanistically specific genetic predictors are discussed.
Published: 2021

44. Worse Pituitary Adenoma Surgical Outcomes Predicted by Increasing Frailty, Not Age

Author: Rachel Thommen, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kyril L. Cole, Garth T. Olson, Liat Shama, Christina M. Lovato, Kristen M. Gonzales, Alis J. Dicpinigaitis, William T. Couldwell, Rohini G. Mckee, Chad D. Cole, Meic H. Schmidt, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Adenoma, Treatment Outcome, Frailty, Humans, Surgery, Pituitary Neoplasms, Neurology (clinical), Patient Readmission
Abstract: Increasing patient age has been associated with worse outcomes after pituitary adenoma resection in previous studies, but the prognostic value of frailty compared with advancing age on pituitary adenoma resection outcomes has not been clearly evaluated.The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2015 to 2019 was queried for data for patients aged18 years who underwent pituitary adenoma resection (n = 1454 identified patients). Univariate and multivariate analyses of age and frailty (5-factor modified frailty index [mFI-5]) were performed on 30-day mortality, major complications, extended length of stay (eLOS), discharge destination, and readmission and reoperation. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to compare effect of age and mFI-5.On univariate analysis, increasing frailty was significantly associated with greater risk of unplanned readmission (frail: odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.2; severely frail: OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.4-19.8) and a major complication (frail: OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1-6.1). Severe frailty was also associated with nonhome discharge (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 3.2-35.8) and eLOS (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5-13.4). Increasing age was not associated with any of these outcome measures. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated similar trends. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the mFI-5 score showed higher discrimination for major complications compared with age (area under the curve: 0.624 vs. 0.503; P0.001).Increasing frailty, and not advancing age, was an independent predictor for major complications, unplanned readmissions, eLOS, and nonhome discharge after pituitary adenoma resection, suggesting frailty to be superior to age in preoperative risk stratification in this patient population.
Published: 2021

45. Correction to: Preoperative frailty measured by risk analysis index predicts complications and poor discharge outcomes after Brain Tumor Resection in a large multi-center analysis

Author: Rachel Thommen, Syed Faraz Kazim, Kavelin Rumalla, Alexander J. Kassicieh, Piyush Kalakoti, Meic H. Schmidt, Rohini G. McKee, Daniel E. Hall, Richard J. Miskimins, and Christian A. Bowers
Subjects: Cancer Research, Neurology, Oncology, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2022

46. Modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts 30-day complications after microsurgical breast reconstruction

Author: Timothy Petersen, Rohini G McKee, Barkat Ali, Nathan T. Morrell, Venus Barlas, and EunHo Eunice Choi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, Frailty, business.industry, Concordance, Mammaplasty, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Logistic regression, Risk Assessment, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Current Procedural Terminology, Humans, Surgery, Myocardial infarction, business, Breast reconstruction, Body mass index, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Frailty lacks a universal definition. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) using patient comorbidities can be used to measure frailty. We hypothesized that mFI predicts 30-day complications after microsurgical breast reconstruction. American College of Surgeons' (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) was investigated to identify patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction between 2005-2014 using Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) code, 19364. We used mFI as a measure of frailty. The patients were assigned a frailty score based on the number of preoperative comorbid conditions as defined by the mFI. Other risk indices used include age, BMI, wound class, ASA class. Stratification was performed in ascending order for each. The outcome measure was aggregate 30-day complications. Regression analysis was performed followed by Receptor Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the accuracy of each risk index in predicting 30-day complications. Of the 3237 patients 24% experienced complications. Univariate logistic regression analysis found odds ratio of complications for frailty score 1 = 22.1 (CI = 17.9-27.3, p < 0.01), and 2 = 28 (CI = 18.3-43, p < 0.01) compared to frailty score = 0. ROC curve demonstrated mFI with the highest concordance score (c-score = 0.816). Multivariable logistic regression found frailty as the strongest independent predictor of 30-day aggregate complications adjusted OR = 22.24, CI = 17.77-27.82, p < 0.01 when compared to other risk indices. The modified Frailty Index is a simple, reliable, and objective tool that can be used to predict postoperative complications after microsurgical breast reconstruction. The application of this tool can help microsurgeons preoperatively identify patients who are at high risk. Abbreviations: ACS: American College of Surgeons; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: body mass index; CHF: congestive heart failure; CPT: current procedural terminology; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; DM: diabetes mellitus; IRB: institutional review board; mfi: modified frailty index; MI: myocardial infarction; NSQIP: national surgical quality improvement program; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; ROC: receptor operating characteristic; TIA: transient ischemic attach.
Published: 2021

47. Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: The Role of Parent Emotion Regulation, Emotion Socialization, and Family Income

Author: Raelyn Loiselle, Laura G. McKee, Madison McCall, Kaeley Jenkins, Chloe Zachary, Rex Forehand, Jennifer Kogos Youngstrom, Deborah J. Jones, and April Highlander
Subjects: Parents, Parenting, media_common.quotation_subject, Emotion socialization, Mental Disorders, Socialization, Emotions, Vulnerability, Family income, Developmental psychology, Emotional Regulation, Clinical Psychology, Presentation, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Child, Preschool, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Parent training, Humans, Early childhood, Psychology, Child, media_common, Early onset
Abstract: Parent emotion regulation and socialization have been linked to various aspects of child functioning. In the case of early-onset behavior disorders in particular, parent emotion regulation may be an important correlate of the coercive cycle implicated in early-onset behavior disorders thus, symptom presentation at baseline. Further, emotion socialization may be complicated by a pattern of parent-child interactions in which both supportive or unsupportive parenting behaviors in response to behavioral dysregulation may increase vulnerability for problem behavior in the future. Some work suggests standard Behavioral Parent Training may impact parent emotion regulation and socialization. Still little is known, however, about how such processes may vary by family income, which is critical given the overrepresentation of low-income children in statistics on early-onset behavior disorders. This study explored parent emotion regulation, socialization, and family income in a sample of socioeconomically diverse treatment-seeking families of young (3–8 years old) children. Findings suggest relations between parental emotion regulation, socialization, and child behavior although the pattern of associations differed at baseline and post-treatment and varied by family income. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Published: 2021

48. Guilt and Shame: Explaining Associations Between Emotion Socialization and Emerging Adult Well‐Being

Author: Laura G. McKee, Alyssa L. Faro, and Jessica L. O'Leary
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Emotion socialization, Well-being, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Shame, Compassion, Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Depression (differential diagnoses), Education, Developmental psychology, media_common
Published: 2019

49. Emotion Socialization and Young Adult Internalizing Symptoms: the Roles of Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation

Author: Catherine Walker O'Neal, Laura G. McKee, and Erinn B. Duprey
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Mindfulness, Social Psychology, Offspring, Public health, Emotion socialization, 05 social sciences, Socialization, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Cognitive reappraisal, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Young adult, Psychology, Applied Psychology, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Caregivers play a crucial role in the socialization of youth emotional understanding and regulation, which are implicated in socio-emotional outcomes. Although a rich literature details the sequelae of parent emotion socialization (ES) strategies, there is less understanding of variables that may explain associations between ES strategies and youth psychopathology. The current study aimed to test potential explanatory variables–mindfulness and emotion regulation strategies. SEM was utilized to test direct and indirect effects of young adult recalled parent ES, mindfulness, and emotion suppression and cognitive reappraisal on internalizing symptoms in a sample (N = 256) of 18 to 33 year olds (Mage = 19.85, SDage = 2.31). Higher levels of supportive ES were positively related to young adult mindfulness (β = 0.334, SE = 0.102, p
Published: 2019

50. Éclosion d’une forme invasive de Streptococcus pneumoniae dans les quartiers défavorisés de Victoria, en Colombie-Britannique, de 2016 à 2017

Author: J Marriott, C Madill, A Choi, G McKee, D Hoyano, and P Kibsey
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2018

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