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1. Baby’s first bites: a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of vegetable-exposure and sensitive feeding on vegetable acceptance, eating behavior and weight gain in infants and toddlers

Author

S. M. C. van der Veek, C. de Graaf, J. H. M. de Vries, G. Jager, C. M. J. L. Vereijken, H. Weenen, N. van Winden, M. S. van Vliet, J. M. Schultink, V. W. T. de Wild, S. Janssen, and J. Mesman

Subjects
Complementary feeding, Vegetables, Vegetable exposure, Responsive feeding, Self-regulation of energy intake, Infant, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background The start of complementary feeding in infancy plays an essential role in promoting healthy eating habits. Evidence shows that it is important what infants are offered during this first introduction of solid foods: e.g. starting exclusively with vegetables is more successful for vegetable acceptance than starting with fruits. How infants are introduced to solid foods also matters: if parents are sensitive and responsive to infant cues during feeding, this may promote self-regulation of energy intake and a healthy weight. However, the effectiveness of the what and the how of complementary feeding has never been experimentally tested in the same study. In the current project the what and how (and their combination) are tested in one study to determine their relative importance for fostering vegetable acceptance and self-regulation of energy intake in infants. Methods A four-arm randomized controlled trial (Baby’s First Bites (BFB)) was designed for 240 first-time Dutch mothers and their infants, 60 per arm. In this trial, we compare the effectiveness of (a) a vegetable-exposure intervention focusing on the what in complementary feeding; (b) a sensitive feeding intervention focusing on the how in complementary feeding, (c) a combined intervention focusing on the what and how in complementary feeding; (d) an attention-control group. All mothers participate in five sessions spread over the first year of eating solid foods (child age 4–16 months). Primary outcomes are vegetable consumption, vegetable liking and self-regulation of energy intake. Secondary outcomes are child eating behaviors, child anthropometrics and maternal feeding behavior. Outcomes are assessed before, during and directly after the interventions (child age 18 months), and when children are 24 and 36 months old. Discussion The outcomes are expected to assess the impact of the interventions and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of vegetable acceptance, self-regulation and healthy eating patterns in infants and toddlers, as well as the prevention of overweight. The results may be used to improve current dietary advice given to parents of their young children on complementary feeding. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered during inclusion of participants at the Netherlands National Trial Register (identifier NTR6572) and at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03348176). Protocol issue date: 1 April 2018; version number 1.

Published
2019
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3. Spontaneous splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis

Author

B Koebrugge, D Geertsema, M de Jong, G Jager, and K Bosscha

Subjects
Mononucleosis, infectious, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Background: Two cases are presented: A 16-year-old female (patient A), presented at the emergency department with a continuously stabbing abdominal pain in the upper left abdomen. Since 1 month, she suffered from a sore throat, fatigue and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a sick girl with clear consciousness and no paleness. Her heart rate was 100 beats per minute (bpm) and blood pressure was 110/60 mmHg. Blood analysis showed a decreased hemoglobin level of 5.3 mmol/L.

Published
2013
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4. Enige gegevens over het voedsel van Veluwse en Drentse Haviken Accipiter gentilis in 1955 en 1956

Author

G. Jager and G. Jager

Abstract

In 2016, an unpublished student report surfaced that described diets of Goshawks in the breeding season for two regions in The Netherlands, i.e. Veluwe and Drenthe. It was based on field studies in 1955 and 1956, performed under the aegis of L. Tinbergen (who himself had published the first paper on Goshawk diets in The Netherlands in 1936). Given the fact that between 1936 (Tinbergen 1936) and 1969 (Opdam et al. 1977) no quantitative information was available on Goshawk food, the data in Jager’s report are an important addition to our knowledge of shifting diets of Goshawks over time. The report is therefore published here verbatim (all quantitative information has been recalculated). Goshawks breeding in the poor coniferous forests of the Veluwe depended to a large extent on racing pigeons (58.4%, together with Jay and Rabbit 77% of the total prey list). In Drenthe, Goshawk diets were more diverse, with racing pigeons amounting to 10.8% of total summer diet.

Published
2017

5. Efficacy of repeated exposure and flavour-flavour learning as mechanisms to increase preschooler's vegetable intake and acceptance

Author

V, de Wild, C, de Graaf, and G, Jager

Subjects
Male, Association Learning, Infant, Feeding Behavior, Health Promotion, Schools, Nursery, Food Preferences, Child, Preschool, Taste, Conditioning, Psychological, Vegetables, Humans, Female, Child, Netherlands
Abstract

Dutch children's diets, like the diets of many children in Europe and the US are not balanced, do not contain enough vegetables and have been associated with a high prevalence of childhood obesity. Promoting children's vegetable intake is challenging.We investigated the relative effectiveness of repeated exposure and flavour-flavour learning in increasing vegetable intake and acceptance in preschoolers.During an intervention period of 7 weeks, 39 toddlers (aged 1.5 to 4 years) consumed red beet and parsnip crisps at day-care centres in Wageningen, the Netherlands. Half of the group received red beet crisps with a dip of tomato ketchup (Conditioned [C]) and parsnip with a neutral white sauce (Unconditioned, [UC]), whereas for the other half the order was reversed (red beet [UC], parsnip [C]). Preference and ad libitum consumption of vegetable crisps were measured once before and three times after the intervention over the course of a 6-month follow-up period to assess longer-term effects.Intake increased significantly after the intervention for both vegetables (on average with 8 g; an increase of approximately 300%), and this effect was persistent even 6 months afterwards. The increase was irrespective of crisps being offered with C or UC dip sauce.These results suggest a robust and persistent effect of repeated exposure but no effect of flavour-flavour learning. Offering pure vegetable tastes repeatedly is sufficient to increase intake.

Published
2013

6. Biological destruction of conidia ofVerticillium biguttatum

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
Heterolobosea, Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, biology, Rhizoctonia solani, parasitism, Biological pest control, biological control, Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek, naked and testate amoeba, Plant Science, Fungi imperfecti, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Conidium, Loam, Botany, ciliates, predation, bacteria, Antagonism, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanaceae
Abstract

Because biological control ofRhizoctonia solani in potato with conidial suspensions of the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum was often less successful in sandy soils than in loamy soils, we examined soils of potato fields for the presence of organisms destructive to conidia ofV. biguttatum.

Published
1996
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7. Recombinant human erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent anemic patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--a randomized multicenter study. The European Study Group of Erythropoietin (Epoetin Beta) Treatment in Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Author

G Jager, U Essers, MA Boogaerts, A Najman, Anders Österborg, G Juliusson, D Peest, R Cimino, and J Holowiecki

Subjects
Epoetin beta, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, Anemia, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Lymphoma, Surgery, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Log-rank test, Erythropoietin, Internal medicine, medicine, business, Multiple myeloma, medicine.drug
Abstract

One hundred twenty-one anemic, transfusion-dependent patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were randomly allocated to receive (a) recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) 10,000 U/d subcutaneously 7 days a week (fixed dose group) (n = 38), or (b) rhEPO 2,000 U/d subcutaneously for 8 weeks followed by step- wise escalation of the rhEPO dose (titration group) (n = 44), or (c) no rhEPO therapy (control group) (n = 39). The total treatment period was 24 weeks. There were no differences between the three groups with regard to baseline clinical, demographic, or health status measures. The cumulative response frequency, defined as elimination of the transfusion need in combination with an increase in the hemoglobin concentration by >20 g/L, was 60% in both rhEPO treatment groups and 24% in the control group (P = .01 and .02, respectively, log rank test). For patients in the titration group the response rate on the first dose level (2,000 U/d) was only 14%. Cox's univariate regression analysis revealed that an inadequately low endogenous erythropoietin concentration in relation to the degree of anemia and a baseline platelet concentration > or = 100 x 10(9)/L were significant predictors for response to rhEPO therapy (P < .01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that relative erythropoietin concentration was the most important factor and the platelet count had no additional influence on response. Treatment with rhEPO was well tolerated. We conclude that treatment with rhEPO may be indicated in anemic MM and NHL patients with a relative erythropoietin deficiency. An initial dose of 5,000 U/d subcutaneously may be recommended.

Published
1996
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8. Recombinant human erythropoietin in the anemia associated with multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: dose finding and identification of predictors of response

Author

R Cimino, M Spriano, U Essers, A Najman, A Grossi, D Bron, D Messinger, A LeMevel, L Enller-Ziegler, Vittorio Silingardi, V Battistel, G Jager, Mario Cazzola, Richard Greil, B Ehmer, and A. Van Hoof

Subjects
Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Anemia, Proportional hazards model, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, Effective dose (pharmacology), Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Endocrinology, Erythropoietin, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Medicine, business, Multiple myeloma, medicine.drug
Abstract

Previous phase I-II clinical trials have shown that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) can ameliorate anemia in a portion of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Therefore, we performed a randomized controlled multicenter study to define the optimal initial dosage and to identify predictors of response to rHuEpo. A total of 146 patients who had hemoglobin (Hb) levels < or = 11 g/dL and who had no need for transfusion at the time of enrollment entered this trial. Patients were randomized to receive 1,000 U (n = 31), 2,000 U (n = 29), 5,000 U (n = 31), or 10,000 U (n = 26) of rHuEpo daily subcutaneously for 8 weeks or to receive no therapy (n = 29). Of the patients, 84 suffered from MM and 62 from low- to intermediate- grade NHL, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 116 of 146 (79%) received chemotherapy during the study. The mean baseline Hb level was 9.4 +/- 1.0 g/dL. The median serum Epo level was 32 mU/mL, and endogenous Epo production was found to be defective in 77% of the patients, as judged by a value for the ratio of observed-to-predicted serum Epo levels (O/P ratio) of < or = 0.9. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed to evaluate treatment efficacy. The median average increase in Hb levels per week was 0.04 g/dL in the control group and -0.04 (P = .57), 0.22 (P = .05), 0.43 (P = .01), and 0.58 (P = .0001) g/dL in the 1,000 U, 2,000 U, 5,000 U, and 10,000 U groups, respectively (P values versus control). The probability of response (delta Hb > or = 2 g/dL) increased steadily and, after 8 weeks, reached 31% (2,000 U), 61% (5,000 U), and 62% (10,000 U), respectively. Regression analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model and classification and regression tree analysis showed that serum Epo levels and the O/P ratio were the most important factors predicting response in patients receiving 5,000 or 10,000 U. Approximately three quarters of patients presenting with Epo levels inappropriately low for the degree of anemia responded to rHuEpo, whereas only one quarter of those with adequate Epo levels did so. Classification and regression tree analysis also showed that doses of 2,000 U daily were effective in patients with an average platelet count greater than 150 x 10(9)/L. About 50% of these patients are expected to respond to rHuEpo. Thus, rHuEpo was safe and effective in ameliorating the anemia of MM and NHL patients who showed defective endogenous Epo production. From a practical point of view, we conclude that the decision to use rHuEpo in an individual anemic patient with MM or NHL should be based on serum Epo levels, whereas the choice of the initial dosage should be based on residual marrow function.

Published
1995
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9. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. 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Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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11. Letter to the Editor

Author

Michael W. Kattan, G. Jager, and Scott B. Cantor

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Ideal (set theory), Receiver operating characteristic, Health Policy, Binary number, Diagnostic test, Algorithm, Mathematics
Published
2001
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13. Efficiency of suction pumps for the emergency medicine setting

Author

E Pfenninger, R. Rossi, G. Jager, and F. W. Ahnefeld

Subjects
Suction (medicine), Resuscitation, business.industry, Mechanical engineering, Equipment Design, General Medicine, Materials testing, Suction, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Materials Testing, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Medical emergency, business, Research Article
Published
1992
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14. Control ofRhizoctonia solani in potato by biological, chemical and integrated measures

Author

A. Mulder, H. Velvis, G. Jager, Js. Roosjen, and J.G. Lamers

Subjects
Integrated pest management, selerotium index, Biological pest control, grading loss, Rhizoctonia, Institute for Soil Fertility, Rhizoctonia solani, Pencycuron, chemistry.chemical_compound, inoculation, Verticillium biguttatum, Instituut voor Bodemvruchtbaarheid, mepronil, biology, Inoculation, selerotia, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Fungicide, Horticulture, pencycuron, Agronomy, chemistry, Loam, Agronomy and Crop Science, tolclofos-methyl, Food Science
Abstract

The effects of biological, chemical and integrated control on the formation of selerotia ofRhizoctonia solani on new potato tubers were studied in experimental fields. Sprouts of seed tubers, sprouted in daylight, were inoculated withVerticillium biguttatum, an ecologically obligate mycoparasite ofR. solani. Fungicides were mixed with the top soil. Biological control byV. biguttatum increased the percentage of harvests with less than 5% loss due to grading from 24% (non-inoculated) to 56%. Fungicides at the recommended rates usually gave good results but lower doses were less effective in sand than in loam soils. When fungicides were combined with biological control, the results were often, better: harvests with less than 5% sorting loss increased from 56 to 81%. Integrated control with pencycuron at 25% of the recommended rate was about equal to chemical control with pencycuron at full rate. The advantages of integrated control are discussed.

Published
1991
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15. Physikalische Charakteristika von Hilfsmitteln zur Atemspende

Author

R. Rossi, G. Jager, and F. W. Ahnefeld

Subjects
Expired air, medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Emergency Medicine, Medicine, In patient, General Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, First aid
Abstract

Expired air resuscitation forms an essential part of First Aid in patients with respiratory insufficiency. The use of devices should encourage the rescuer to start the measure, make it easier to perform and protect him from a possible transmission of infectious material. 17 devices (mask, tube instruments) were examined in respect of their physical properties (resistance, leakage). None of them fulfilled all the criteria relevant for their use. In most of them changes and modifications seem to be necessary. Mask and tube instruments have definitive disadvantages compared to foil-like adjuncts which are being developed at present.

Published
1991
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16. Adaptive edge enhancement in SAR images training on the data vs. training on simulated data

Author

P. Frangos, A. Dimou, and G. Jager

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Pixel, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Pattern recognition, Edge enhancement, Image segmentation, Filter (signal processing), Edge detection, Adaptive filter, Data set, Speckle pattern, Radar imaging, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, business
Abstract

Edge detection and edge enhancement in SAR images is, due to the speckle effect, not so easily achieved. Here we consider edge enhancement as a classification problem, i.e. we segment an image in several edge classes and a no edge class. Thus supervised classification techniques become available. We propose an artificial neural network approach and interpret the output as a 'grade of being an edge pixel'. For training of the network we applied two training strategies: (1) selection of training samples from the data in a supervised way and (2) artificial creation of training samples based on speckle statistics using a speckle simulation algorithm. Both strategies are applied on a data set acquired by DLR's E-SAR in the L-band. The outputs of the edge enhancement process are compared among each other and with the RoA edge detector.

Published
2002
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17. The ACCEPT-study: design of an RCT with an active treatment control condition to study the effectiveness of the Dutch version of PEERS® for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Author

B. J. van Pelt, S. Idris, G. Jagersma, J. Duvekot, A. Maras, J. van der Ende, N. E. M. van Haren, and K. Greaves-Lord

Subjects
Autism, RCT, Peers®, Social skills, Adolescents, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Social skills interventions are commonly deployed for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because effective and appropriate social skills are determined by cultural factors that differ throughout the world, the effectiveness of these interventions relies on a good cultural fit. Therefore, the ACCEPT study examines the effectiveness of the Dutch Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) social skills intervention. Methods/design This study is a two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which adolescents are randomly assigned (after baseline assessment) to one of two group interventions (PEERS® vs. active control condition). In total, 150 adolescents are to be included, with multi-informant involvement of their parents and teachers. The ACCEPT study uses an active control condition (puberty psychoeducation group training, focussing on social-emotional development) and explores possible moderators and mediators in improving social skills. The primary outcome measure is the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The CASS assesses social skills performance in a face to face social interaction with an unfamiliar, typically developing peer, making this a valuable instrument to assess the social conversational skills targeted in PEERS®. In addition, to obtain a complete picture of social skills, self-, parent- and teacher-reported social skills are assessed using the Social Skills improvement System (SSiS-RS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Secondary outcome measures (i.e. explorative mediators) include social knowledge, social cognition, social anxiety, social contacts and feelings of parenting competency of caregivers. Moreover, demographic and diagnostic measures are assessed as potential moderators of treatment effectiveness. Assessments of adolescents, parents, and teachers take place at baseline (week 0), intermediate (week 7), post intervention (week 14), and at follow-up (week 28). Conclusion This is the first RCT on the effectiveness of the PEERS® parent-assisted curriculum which includes an active control condition. The outcome of social skills is assessed using observational assessments and multi-informant questionnaires. Additionally, factors related to social learning are assessed at several time points, which will enable us to explore potential mediators and moderators of treatment effect. Trail registration Dutch trail register NTR6255 ( NL6117 ). Registered February 8th, 2017 - retrospectively registered.

Published
2020
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20. Classification of full polarimetric SAR data using artificial neural networks and fuzzy algorithms

Author

G. Jager, E. Kratzschmar, Martin Habermeyer, and M. Hellmann

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Backscatter, Artificial neural network, Contextual image classification, Computer science, Fuzzy set, Terrain, Fuzzy control system, Land cover, neural networks, Fuzzy logic, Light scattering, classification, Radar imaging, Entropy (information theory), Feedforward neural network, fuzzy logic, Algorithm
Abstract

Within recent years several investigations have reported the use of polarimetric data to map Earth terrain types and land covers. For the operational application some demands, besides the accuracy requirements, must be fulfilled. In order to make the handling of the classification easy for the common user, the algorithm has to be data set independent and the handling must be possible without a priori knowledge. The authors outline a classification based on the entropy (H)-/spl alpha/ decomposition theorem extended by the use of the first eigenvalue of the coherency matrix. Fuzzy algorithms as well as artificial neural network (ANN) strategies are applied to improve the classification accuracy and to enhance the handling. The algorithms are applied to a L-band data set of the test site Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, acquired with the DLR's airborne Experimental SAR (E-SAR) in April 1997. The classification results are discussed and compared to reference data i.e. topographic maps in the scale 1:25000 (maps 7833 and 7933) and airborne optical data acquired with a ZEISS RMK A30/23 Camera in August 1997.

Published
1999

21. Pollen-related allergy in Europe

Author

D'Amato, G Spieksma, FTM Liccardi, G Jager, S Russo, M and Kontou-Fili, K Nikkels, H Wuthrich, B Bonini, S

Subjects
otorhinolaryngologic diseases, food and beverages
Abstract

The increasing mobility of Europeans for business and leisure has led to a need for reliable information about exposure to seasonal airborne allergens during travel abroad. Over the last 10 years or so, aeropalynologic and allergologic studies have progressed to meet this need, and extensive international networks now provide regular pollen and hay-fever forecasts. Europe is a geographically complex continent with a widely diverse climate and a wide spectrum of vegetation. Consequently, pollen calendars differ from one area to another; however, on the whole, pollination starts in spring and ends in autumn. Grass pollen is by far the most frequent cause of pollinosis in Europe. In northern Europe, pollen from species of the family Betulaceae is a major cause of the disorder. In contrast, the mild winters and dry summers of Mediterranean areas favor the production of pollen types that are rarely found in central and northern areas of the continent (e.g., the genera Parietaria, Olea, and Cupressus). Clinical and aerobiologic studies show that the pollen map of Europe is changing also as a result of cultural factors (e.g., importation of plants for urban parklands) and greater international travel (e.g,, the expansion of the ragweed genus Ambrosia in France, northern Italy, Austria, and Hungary). Studies on allergen-carrying paucimicronic or submicronic airborne particles, which penetrate deep into the lung, are having a relevant impact on our understanding of pollinosis and its distribution throughout Europe.

Published
1998

22. Recent Enhancements for 3D Seismic Interpretation: Visualization, Image Processing and Attribute Analysis

Author

G. Jager, P.G. Standley, G.D. Kidd, and T.E. Virtson

Subjects
Engineering, Mining engineering, Drill, Petroleum engineering, business.industry, Reservoir engineering, Drilling, Image processing, Measurement while drilling, business, Well drilling, Seismic to simulation, Visualization
Abstract

Abstract 3D seismic is becoming the standard tool for both exploration and production stages of development. To meet the increasing demands, new ways are being developed to quickly extract and analyze all the information contained in the 3D seismic data. Methods now exist to view large 3D seismicvolumes and quickly generate interpretations on key horizons, In addition, potential prospect size hydrocarbon volumes within the larger seismic dataset can be quickly identified for further analysis. Tools are also available to enhance surface resolution using image processing on prospective horizons. After volume and surface visualization is complete, mathematical waveform attributes are extracted from the key seismic horizons for statistical correlation to physical rock properties important to prospect success. These physical properties may include a wide range of reservoir parameters such as porosity or thickness. These interpretation techniques were used to evaluate a 3D survey at Fortescue Field (Gippsland Basin, Australia) before starting a 13 well infill drilling program in 1994. Drilling results indicate these interpretation methods were successful in three ways. First, new drilling locations were found that were not previously identified using more conventional methods. Second, identified drilling locations were more precisely positioned to maximize economic benefit. Third, the risk associated with each drill location was reduced allowing otherwise unattractive wells to be drilled. Adler 8 drill wells, the average error in reservoir thickness prediction was 0.43 meters. Introduction Oil was discovered in the top of the LaTrobe Group (Eocene) at Fortescue Field (Fig. 1) in 1978 (Ref. 1). Following appraisal drilling and platform installation, production started in 1983. To mitigate recent production decline and develop remaining reserves, a 13 well infill drilling program was proposed in 1993, Structurally, the field is a west-southwest dipping monocline (Fig. 2) with oil trapped stratigraphically beneath an erosional unconformity in 13 separate clastic reservoirs. An east-west seismic line (Fig. 3) over the field shows this relationship, The reservoirs dip approximately 2 degrees more steeply than the overlying erosional truncation surface, causing older sections to progressively subcrop in an easterly direction (Fig. 4). Ail the proposed infill wells relied completely or partially on oil being trapped structurally updip from existing completions. To effectively capture these reserves, wells were targeted to intersect reservoirs along the low-angle sand truncation face (Fig. 5). The ability to identify and map the top and base reservoir edges along the subcrop surface was critical for well success, Ideal well penetration points should be in the most updip location and still encounter the estimated 5-10 meters of sand necessary to yield economic daily oil volumes The goal of the study was to quickly and accurately identify 9 reservoir subcrop edges, determine the remaining reserves updip from existing completions and identify the geological risk associated with each drill well.

Published
1996
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23. Dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf) in successive potato crops

Author

G. Jager and H. Velvis

Subjects
biology, Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, Instituut voor Agrobiologisch en Bodemvruchtbaarheidsonderzoek, Plant Science, Fungi imperfecti, Horticulture, specific, biology.organism_classification, Rhizoctonia solani, anastomosis groups, Verticillium biguttatum, AG 3, Homogeneous, AG 5, Botany, distribution, AG-3-eliminating factor, Laboratory experiment, mapping, Antagonism, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanaceae, AG 2-1
Abstract

The position of plants withRhizoctonia solani sclerotia (black scurf) on progeny tubers was mapped for an experimental field at Haren where potatoes were grown continuously and in rotation with other crops for five successive years, and for another field at Borgercompagnie with a 1∶2 frequency of potatoes during three potato crops. Initially, the distribution of plants with black scurf on both fields was rather dense and homogeneous. In the following years the distribution became heterogeneous and patchy. The local decline ofR. solani AG 3 (the common potato pathogen) in Haren was apparently caused by an unknown factor selectively suppressingR. solani AG 3, while simultaneouslyR. solani AG 5 increased in mass. This AG 5 type proved to be an inferior competitor of AG 3 on the potato plant in a laboratory experiment. The specificR. solani antagonistVerticillium biguttatum did not play a role. A similar factor could have reduced the formation of black scurf in the experimental field at Borgercompagnie, whereV. biguttatum was also too infrequent to account for the decline.R. solani AG 5 was not present here and could not indicate the presence of a selective factor against AG 3.

Published
1995

25. 2118 Accuracy of TransRectal UltraSonography (TRUS) in the preoperative staging of rectal lesions suitable for Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM)

Author

G. Jager, B. Koebrugge, Koop Bosscha, and Miranda F. Ernst

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Preoperative staging, Oncology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Transrectal ultrasonography, Radiology, Microsurgery, business, Surgery
Published
2009
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27. Biological, chemical and integrated control of Rhizoctonia solani in potato

Author

G. Jager, Js. Roosjen, A. Mulder, J.G. Lamers, and H. Velvis

Subjects
plant protection, gewasbescherming, Biological pest control, biological control, plant pests, plantenplagen, Biology, fungicides, geïntegreerde plagenbestrijding, Institute for Soil Fertility, Conidium, deuteromycotina, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium biguttatum, integrated control, fungiciden, potatoes, Instituut voor Bodemvruchtbaarheid, schimmels, moniliaceae, integrated pest management, aardappelen, Inoculation, fungi, food and beverages, biologische bestrijding, biology.organism_classification, geïntegreerde bestrijding, control methods, Fungicide, Agronomy, solanum tuberosum, Loam, biological control agents, Soil water, plantenziekten, bestrijdingsmethoden, plant diseases, organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding
Abstract

Jager, G., Velvis, H., Lamers, J.G., Mulder, A. and Roosjen, Js., 1990. Biological, chemical and integrated control of Rhizoctonia solani in potato. The effects of biological, chemical and integrated control on the formation of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani on new potato tubers were studied in experimental fields on neutral marine loams and slightly acid sands. Sprouts of seeds sprouted in daylight were inoculated with conidia of Verticillium biguttatum , an obligate mycoparasite of R. solani. Fungicides at the desired dosage rates were sprayed on the soil and mixed with it. Biological control increased the percentage of harvests with less than 5% loss due to grading from 24% (non-inoculated) to 56%. Chemical control at the recommended dosage rate usually gave good results. Lower doses were less effective in sand than in loam soils, but combined with biological control the results were often good: harvests with less than 5% loss due to grading increased from 56 to 81%. Integrated control with 1/4 Monceren was about equal to chemical control with 1/1 Monceren. The results were obtained under conditions favouring formation of sclerotia on tubers. Better results are expected with improved methods of harvesting. Advantages of integrated control are discussed.

Published
1991

29. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 5. The effectiveness of three isolates of verticillium biguttatum as inoculum for seed tubers and of a soil treatment with a low dosage of pencycuron

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
Sclerotium, biology, Low dosage, Inoculation, Biological pest control, Plant Science, Horticulture, Verticillium, biology.organism_classification, Pencycuron, Rhizoctonia solani, chemistry.chemical_compound, Verticillium biguttatum, Agronomy, chemistry, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

In field experiments in 1983, inoculation of seed tubers with three isolates ofVerticillium biguttatum, separately or mixed, was successful in reducing the amount of sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani formed on new tubers. In holocene marine soils the sclerotium index (s.i.) was on average 50% of that of the harvest from untreated tubers.

Published
1986
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30. Antagonism of Azotobacter chroococcum isolates to Rhizoctonia solani

Author

G. Jager and Sudhir U. Meshram

Subjects
Azotobacter, food.ingredient, biology, food and beverages, Plant Science, Horticulture, bacterial infections and mycoses, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Agar plate, Rhizoctonia solani, food, medicine, Azotobacter chroococcum, Agar, Antagonism, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Antagonism of isolates ofAzotobacter chroococcum toRhizoctonia solani on agar plates was studied, and isolates were tested for their ability to controlR. solani infection of potato sprouts in sterilized and unsterilized soil. The degree of antagonism exhibited varied strongly among the isolates and was also found to be temperature-dependent.

Published
1983
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31. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 3. Inoculation of seed potatoes with different fungi

Author

P. H. J. E. Van Den Boogert and G. Jager

Subjects
Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium biguttatum, biology, Inoculation, Botany, Trichoderma hamatum, Biological pest control, Plant Science, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science, Entomophagous parasite
Abstract

Inoculation of seed potatoes withVerticillium biguttatum and three other hyperparasitic fungi, alone or in combination, resulted in statistically significant reduction of infestation of potato plants byRhizoctonia solani. Gliocladium roseum, Trichoderma hamatum andHormiactis fimicola did not show prolonged protection againstR. solani under farming conditions.H. fimicola, however, inhibited mycelial growth ofR. solani in vitro, particularly in the lower temperature range whereV. biguttatum did not show any growth. Combining these two antagonistic fungi may be advantageous as they cover the entire temperature range in whichR. solani is active. At the end of the vegetation period,V. biguttatum was superseded byG. roseum. Production of sclerotia on newly formed tubers from seed potatoes inoculated withV. biguttatum (alone or in combination with the other three antagonists) was significantly reduced. Inoculative van pootaardappelen metVerticillium biguttatum, apart of sament met drie andere hyperparasieten, had een gunstig effect op het onderdrukken vanRhizoctonia solani op de plant;Trichoderma hamatum, Gliocaldium roseum enHormiactis fimicola, ieder apart toegediend, boden de plant op lange termijn geen bescherming tegenR. solani onder praktijkomstandigheden.H. fimicola bleek bij lage temperatuur, waarbijV. biguttatum geen groei-activiteit meer vertoonde, op hyfen en sclerotien vanR. solani te kunnen groeien. Toepassing van deze schimmel enV. biguttatum in een gemengde inoculatie zou over een breder temperatuurtraject effectief kunnen zijn. Tegen het einde van het groeiseizoen vond er op de ondergrondse plantedelen een verschuiving plaats, waarbijG. roseum meer op de voorgrond trad. Verondersteld wordt dat de afname vanV. biguttatum op stolonen hiervan een gevolg was. De produktie van sclerotia op nieuwe aardappelen afkomstig van metV. biguttatum behandeld pootgoed (alleen of met andere hyperparasitaire schimmels) bleek sterk verminderd te zijn. Vooral dit gegeven maakt de biologische bestrijding vanR. solani interessant:V. biguttatum blijkt ook op lange termijn effectief te zijn.

Published
1984
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32. Quality of Retail Florida-Packed Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice as Determined by Consumers and Physical and Chemical Analyses

Author

M. J. Poole, P. J. Fellers, and G. Jager

Subjects
Orange juice, Brix, Chemistry, Pulp (paper), Retail market, Colorimeter, food and beverages, engineering.material, Sweetness, stomatognathic system, engineering, Food science, Flavor, Food Science
Abstract

Six commercial Florida-packed frozen concentrated orange juice samples drawn from the U.S. retail market on a monthly basis for 1 yr were evaluated for sensory attributes, color (by colorimeter), Brix, acid, and bottom pulp. Consumers rated flavor “like moderately” on a 9-point hedonic scale for every sample. The degree of sweetness and tartness of samples was “just right;” bitterness was somewhat excessive and color was somewhat too light (P < 0.05). Generally, as the °Brix to % acid ratio increased, the flavor improved, and the closer to “just right” was the degree of sweetness, tartness, and bitterness. A significant amount of bitterness was perceived as tartness or lack of sweetness (P < 0.01). Plant-to-plant variation was found in ratings of flavor and colorimeter color and °Brix to % acid ratios.

Published
1986
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33. Effect of repeated drying at different temperatures on soil organic matter decomposition and characteristics, and on the soil microflora

Author

G. Jager and E.H. Bruins

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, Microorganism, Population, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil organic matter decomposition, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Environmental chemistry, Organic matter, education, Carbon, Incubation, Bacteria
Abstract

Samples of a slightly acid sand soil were subjected to frequently repeated cycles of drying (85 or 30°C), moistening and incubation (29°C, 4 weeks). During about 60 cycles the loss of carbon, as CO2, from the samples dried at 85°C, 30°C and the undried ones was found to be 31.2, 18.0 and 17.0%. respectively. A complete depletion of degradable material was not achieved after 60 drying-wetting cycles. After 60 cycles the 85 C-samplcs still showed the highest CO2-production. The microbial population was reduced in numbers and species in all samples. The highest numbers of bacteria and fungi were found in the samples originally dried at 85°C. However, only a relative low proportion of these microorganisms could grow on less easily accessible substrates. Data on changes in the pH and on the C/N ratio of the organic matter are discussed, together with possible ways in which organic matter becomes available during heating.

Published
1975
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34. Hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani in Dutch potato fields

Author

G. Jager, H. Velvis, and A. Ten Hoopen

Subjects
Gliocladium, food.ingredient, biology, Hypha, fungi, Biological pest control, Plant Science, Fungus, Horticulture, Colletotrichum coccodes, biology.organism_classification, Rhizoctonia solani, food, Botany, Antagonism, Pythium oligandrum, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Gliocladium roseum was found to be the most common and probably the most effective mycoparasite in potato fields in the northern parts of the Netherlands. It is able to parasitize and kill living hyphae at temperatures of 12°C and higher. Sclerotia ofR. solani are often infected and killed by this fungus under suitable conditions, i.e. at temperatures of 16°C and more. Killing of sclerotia by other antagonistic organisms was also observed. It is also shown by not parasitic fungi and is caused by toxins produced by the antagonist.

Published
1979
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35. The occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani on subterranean parts of wild plants in potato fields

Author

G. Jager, Wilma Hekman, and Alie Deenen

Subjects
biology, Chenopodium, fungi, food and beverages, Growing season, Plant Science, Fungus, Horticulture, Solanum nigrum, biology.organism_classification, Repens, Rhizoctonia solani, Matricaria recutita, Botany, Poa annua, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The subterranean parts of 1585 wild plants (weeds) belonging to 52 species, found in potato fields in the northern part of the Netherlands were examined for the presence of Rhizoctonia solani. The fungus could be isolated from 30 plants belonging to 12 species. Of these isolates 62070 proved to be pathogenic to potato sprouts. Some species seemed more frequently colonized by R. solani than others, particularly Solanum nigrum, Elytrichia repens and Matricaria recutita. On some common weeds, viz. Chenopodium album and Poa annua, no R. solani was observed, while about 1~ of all Polygonumpersicaria were infected. Disease symptoms were only observed once on Elytrichia repens as 'sharp eyespots', presumably caused by R. cereal&. The incidence of R. Solani on weeds increased markedly towards the end of the growing season.

Published
1982
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36. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 1. Preliminary experiments with Verticillium biguttatum, a sclerotium-inhabiting fungus

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium, Verticillium biguttatum, Botany, Trichoderma hamatum, Biological pest control, Plant Science, Fungus, Horticulture, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

A common mycoparasite,Verticillium biguttatum, was found to kill sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani placed on an inert material (perlite) as well as in soil at 15°C and 20°C, but not at 10°C. Compared with the effectivity ofV. biguttatum, that ofGliocladium roseum, Gliocladium nigrovirens, Hormiactis fimicola andTrichoderma hamatum on sclerotia was only low. In laboratory experiments, treatment of sclerotia-bearing seed potatoes withV. biguttatum reduced disease symptoms in the first stage of growth of the potato plant.V. biguttatum was found to occur on the subterranean part of the potato plant. On untreated plants the surface of the sprouts was colonised byV. biguttatum originating from the soil, presumably partly in response to the presence ofR. solani mycelium. In a preliminary field experiment,Verticillium treatment did not reduce symptoms on the stem. However, there was a marked reduction in sclerotium formation on the newly formed potato tubers. This offers perspectives for a commercial use ofV. biguttatum in the control ofR. solani. Sclerotien vanRhizoctonia solani, die bij het rooien van aardappelen op de knollen zitten, blijken veelvuldig geinfecteerd te zijn met de schimmelVerticillium biguttatum. In dit onderzoek is aangetoond datV. biguttatum in staat is de sclerotien vanR. solani te doden. Dit effect wordt bereikt zowel wanneer de beente sclerotien geincubeerd worden op perliet als in grond.V. biguttatum kan zich ook in het bodemmilieu goed op de sclerotien handhaven. In vergelijking met de doding van sclerotien doorV. biguttatum is het effect van andere bekende mycoparasieten alsGliocladium roseum enHormiactis fimicola vrij gering, en dat vanGliocladium nigrovirens enTrichoderma hamatum zelfs te verwaarlozen. De temperatuur blijkt voor de activiteit vanV. biguttatum een belangrijke factor. Pas tussen 10 en 15°C treedt groei en doding van sclerotien op. Onder laboratoriumomstandigheden bij 15°C resulteerde een behandeling van sclerotiendragende pootaardappelen in een vermindering van deRhizoctonia-aantasting van de jonge spruiten. De ontwikkeling vanRhizoctonia-mycelium op de ondergrondse stengels was bij de onbehandelde aardappelen aanzienlijk groter. V. biguttatum groeide bij de behandelde serie met de spruiten mee. Ook bij de onbehandelde objecten trad een sterke kolonisatie van het stengeloppervlak doorV. biguttatum vanuit de grond op. HoewelV. biguttatum ook zonderR. solani voorkomt als bewoner van aardappelstengels, lijkt het frequente voorkomen vanV. biguttatum in aanwezigheid vanR. solani te duiden op een interactie op het stengeloppervlak. In een kleine veldproef kon vermindering van de stengelaantasting door behandeling van het pootgoed metV. biguttatum niet worden aangetoond. De onderdrukking van de sclerotiumbezetting op de eindoogst bleek evenwel aanzienlijk. In latere veldproeven, waarover nog gepubliceerd zal worden, werd ook een effect op de stengelaantasting geconstateerd. De uitkomsten bieden perspectief voor de toepassing vanV. biguttatum als biologische bestrijder vanR. solani in de praktijk. De vraag ofV. biguttatum de aardappelplant ook bescherming biedt tegenRhizoctonia-infectie vanuit de grond dient nader te worden onderzocht.

Published
1983
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37. Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in potato fields. 1. Occurrence

Author

G. Jager and H. Velvis

Subjects
Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium, Agronomy, biology, Gliocladium sp, Soil water, Plant Science, Volutella ciliata, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Verticillium sp, Agronomy and Crop Science, Trichoderma sp
Abstract

A search was made forRhizoctonia solani-suppressive soils by establishing many small experimental plots, half of which were planted withRhizoctonia-infected seed potatoes and the other half with disinfected seed stock. The sclerotium index of the harvested tubers was compared witht that of the seed potatoes. In suppressive soils, the sclerotium index of the harvest is much lower than that of the seed potatoes.

Published
1983
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38. Priming effect of small glucose additions to 14C-labelled soil

Author

G. Jager and J.W. Dalenberg

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Cellular material, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil organic matter, Botany, Soil Science, Organic matter, complex mixtures, Microbiology, Humus
Abstract

Soil was freed of its organic matter by heating it to 400°C. Plants were grown in a 14CO2 atmosphere and from them a labelled “soil organic matter” (humus) was prepared by composting the plant material for more than 3 yr in the modified soil under laboratory conditions. The influence of small additions of unlabelled glucose on the decomposition of the labelled soil organic matter was studied. Shortly after the addition of glucose there was a small extra evolution of 14CO2, which lasted about 1 day. It is claimed that the extra evolution of 14CO2 was caused by conversion of labelled material in the living biomass and was not due to a real priming action, i.e. an accelerated decomposition of humic substances or dead cellular material.

Published
1981
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39. Accumulation of hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani by addition of live mycelium of R. solani to soil

Author

P. H. J. F. van den Boogert and G. Jager

Subjects
biology, fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Horticulture, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Rhizoctonia solani, Crop, Verticillium biguttatum, Agronomy, parasitic diseases, Infestation, medicine, Agronomy and Crop Science, Mycelium
Abstract

Addition of live mycelium ofRhizoctonia solani to three slightly, acid sands collected in winter from a field after a previous potato crop resulted in accumulation of hyperparasites and less infestation of sprouts of infected seed potatoes.

Published
1983
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40. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 2. Sprout protection against soil-borne R. solani through seed inoculation with Verticilium biguttatum

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium biguttatum, Soil borne, biology, Inoculation, Stolon, Botany, Biological pest control, Plant Science, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Verticillium biguttatum isolate M73, when inoculated on the seed tuber, was found to protect young potato sprouts againstRhizoctonia infection from the soil and also, as was demonstrated before, against infection from sclerotia on seed tubers. The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions and lasted a few weeks. V. biguttatum colonizes the surface of the sprouts and may be regarded as a natural inhabitant of the surface of sprouts and presumably also of stems and stolons in a later stage. This fungus may be of value for biological control ofR. solani. Isolaat M73 van de schimmelVerticillium biguttatum, indien geent op de pootknol, blijkt de aantasting van aardappelspruiten doorRhizoctonia solani te kunnen verminderen. Zowel de aantasting vanuit de grond en, zoals reeds eerder aangetoond, vanaf sclerotien op de pootknol worden minder. Verticillium biguttatum koloniseert het oppervlak van de spruiten en kan beschouwd worden als een natuurlijke bewoner van het oppervlak van spruiten en wellicht ook van stengels en stolonen in een later stadium. In kort durende proeven, als hier beschreven, lijktV. biguttatum goed bruikbaar voor een biologische bestrijding vanR. solani.

Published
1984
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41. Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani in potato fields. II. Effect of origin and degree of infection with Rhizoctonia solani of seed potatoes on subsequent infestation and on formation of sclerotia

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium biguttatum, Agronomy, Loam, Soil water, Infestation, medicine, Antagonism, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The seed potatoes used in these experiments had been grown in a slightly acid pleistocene sandy soil or in a marine, holocene sandy loam. They were free of sclerotia ofR. solani or lightly or moderately speckled with them. Seed potatoes from the sandy soil produced plants that suffered less fromRhizoctonia than plants from seed potatoes that had been grown on the marine sandy loam. Similarly harvested tubers had, in a non-conducive soil and in conducive soils with a (very) low inoculum density ofR. solani, fewer sclerotia when they came from seed potatoes grown in an acid sand.

Published
1983
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42. Priming effect of some organic additions to 14C-labelled soil

Author

J.W. Dalenberg and G. Jager

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil organic matter, Soil Science, Straw, Microbiology, Humus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Botany, Perlite, Organic matter, Cellulose, Priming (psychology)
Abstract

Small amounts of organic substances or finely-ground plant material were added to soil containing 14C-labelled organic matter. The rates of CO2 and 14CO2 production were measured with an i.r. spectrometer and a liquid scintillation counter, respectively. The extra 14CO2 (primed C) that evolved during decomposition most probably originated from conversions in the (microbial) biomass. We suggest that priming according to the original definition, viz., an acceleration of the decomposition of (stable) soil organic matter (humus), did not exist or was negligible in our experiments. Extra 14CO2 was produced after unlabelled glutamate was added to washed suspensions of 14C-labelled biomass in perlite. The amount of 14CO2 varied with the amount of biomass. The difference between the priming (extra 14CO2 production) caused by glucose (small and lasting only 2–3 days) and that caused by glutamate and aspartate (relatively large and lasting 30–40 days) was very pronounced. After decomposition, glucose, cellulose, wheat straw and sewage sludge left more carbon in the soil than was lost due to priming, so that there was a positive net effect. The two amino acids, glutamate and aspartate, however, had slightly negative net effects. The phenomena observed are probably the result of an accelerated turnover of biomass-carbon. The extra loss of 14C during the priming period was less than the original amount of 14C present in the biomass.

Published
1989
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43. Inactivation of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani on potato tubers by Verticillium biguttatum, a soil-borne mycoparasite

Author

H. Velvis and G. Jager

Subjects
bodemschimmels, plantenziekteverwekkende schimmels, Hypha, Tubercle, Biological pest control, biological control, Plant Science, Horticulture, Rhizoctonia, Institute for Soil Fertility, Conidium, deuteromycotina, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium biguttatum, thanatephorus cucumeris, Botany, soil fungi, potatoes, Instituut voor Bodemvruchtbaarheid, schimmels, moniliaceae, biology, aardappelen, Inoculation, fungi, food and beverages, biologische bestrijding, biology.organism_classification, solanum tuberosum, plant pathogenic fungi, biological control agents, Agronomy and Crop Science, organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding
Abstract

Experiments in the laboratory and on farms with potato tubers in storages are described in which sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani were inactivated after inoculation of infected tubers with a suspension of conidia and hyphal fragments of Verticillium biguttatum

Published
1988
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44. Quality of Florida-Packed Retail Grapefruit Juices as Determined by Consumer Sensory Panels and Chemical and Physical Analyses

Author

P. J. Fellers, E. C. Hill, G. Jager, P. Mittal, and M. J. Poole

Subjects
Brix, food.ingredient, biology, Limonin, Sensory system, Sweetness, biology.organism_classification, Grapefruit juice, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, chemistry, Food science, Naringin, Flavor, Aroma, Food Science
Abstract

Six samples of each of 5 types of Florida-processed grapefruit juice obtained from the U.S. retail market during 1983 were evaluated for overall flavor and other quality attributes by 108-member consumer sensory panels. Grapefruit juice consumers found overall flavor acceptable and color about right, aroma and sweetness lacking (P < 0.01) and tartness and bitterness excessive (P < 0.01). Juices were measured for content of furfural, naringin, limonin, Brix and acid with Brix:acid ratio being calculated. Most factors varied according to type of product. Many correlation coefficients, although mostly low, were found significant between factors (P < 0.05). Panelists perceived bitterness to a measurable extent as tartness or lack of sweetness and did not clearly differentiate between these two sensory attributes.

Published
1986
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46. The influence of soil steaming on some properties of the soil and on the growth and heading of winter glasshouse lettuce. II. The reaction of the crop

Author

G. Jager, G.J.G Rauw, and J. van der Boon

Subjects
Materials science, fungi, Steaming, food and beverages, Greenhouse, Leaf margin, Straw, complex mixtures, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), humanities, Horticulture, Agronomy, Wageningen University & Research, Life Science, Leaching (agriculture)
Abstract

Soil steaming increased fresh and dry weights and N and Mn contents of the plants. Leaching the steamed soil caused a further increase in Mn content but decreased yields and N content. The addition of straw to the steamed soil did not affect growth or N content but it reduced the Mn content. Plants grown on steamed soil had darker coloured leaves and a greater incidence of leaf margin necrosis and bad heading than plants grown on unsteamed soil. See also Sous Fertil. 33 [1230]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Published
1969
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47. The influence of soil steaming on some properties of the soil and on the growth and heading of winter glasshouse lettuce. I. Changes in chemical and physical properties

Author

J. van der Boon, G.J.G Rauw, and G. Jager

Subjects
Heading (navigation), Chemistry, Steaming, food and beverages, Greenhouse, Buffer solution, complex mixtures, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), humanities, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, Wageningen University & Research, Life Science, Negative correlation, Solubility
Abstract

Soil steaming caused an increase of 33 ppm mineral N. There was no significant effect on water-soluble P2O5. The influence of steaming on buffer-soluble Mg content varied with the treatment but there seemed to be a negative correlation with the P content. Steaming enhanced K solubility and increased buffer-soluble Mn content. Fe and Al soluble in buffer solution were slightly increased. 44 references. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Published
1969
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48. Influence of the Ratio of Degrees Brix to Percent Acid on Consumer Acceptance of Processed Modified Grapefruit Juice

Author

G. Jager, Robert D. Carter, and P. J. Fellers

Subjects
Brix, food.ingredient, Sucrose, biology, food and beverages, Sweetness, biology.organism_classification, Grapefruit juice, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, stomatognathic system, chemistry, Food science, Citric acid, Flavor, Aroma, Food Science
Abstract

A batch of frozen concentrated grapefruit juice (GJ) was reconstituted to 10° Brix with water and adjusted with sucrose, citric acid and/or deacidified GJ to produce five experimental samples with Brix:acid ratios from 7–15. Consumers from four large U.S. cities evaluated the samples for flavor, preference and five other quality attributes. Flavor means varied within an acceptable range. Preference was for samples in the 8.4 to 11.1 ratio range. Nonusers preferred 11.1 ratio juice and rated the three lowest ratio juices lower than users. As ratio increased, consumer perception of sweetness increased and decreased for tartness, bitterness, and aroma. All samples were judged somewhat too tart and bitter (except at 15 ratio) and not quite sweet enough.

Published
1988
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50. Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of guaimesal in outpatients

Author

E G, Jager

Subjects
Adult, Male, Clinical Trials as Topic, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Dioxins, Body Temperature, Respiratory Function Tests, Dioxanes, Placebos, Random Allocation, Double-Blind Method, Spirometry, Outpatients, Humans, Female, Bronchitis, Aged, Expectorants
Abstract

One hundred and forty outpatients, males and females aged 14 to 70 years, with acute febrile bronchitis, afebrile chronic bronchitis, or flares of chronic bronchitis were treated for seven days with one soft gelatin capsule (500 mg) of guaimesal thrice daily or matching placebo. No other potentially interfering treatment (antibiotic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory) was administered concomitantly. Before and after treatment, vital capacity, residual volume, and maximum expiratory volume per second were measured and recorded. Both before treatment and after 2, 4, and 7 days of treatment, body temperature was measured and cough frequency and intensity as well as expectorate amount and fluidity were scored and recorded along with the total symptom score. At the end of treatment, the overall clinical efficacy was rated and recorded. Potential side effects were monitored by questioning the patients; general safety (laboratory tests) was not monitored. All data were analyzed according to multivariate, parametric, and nonparametric statistical methods and stratified by treatment, sex, age, and diagnosis. For each monitored symptom and sign, guaimesal exhibited a favorable effect which was significantly greater in extent and significantly faster in recovery rate than that associated with spontaneous recovery. Within two days from the start of therapy, fever, cough frequency and intensity, and expectorate fluidity had significantly improved. By the fourth day the expectorate amount had significantly decreased. Further improvement was noted at subsequent times of observation. After a week, according to the spirometric parameters, the respiratory function was restored to a considerable extent. Overall, 75.7% of the patients receiving guaimesal experienced complete or almost complete recovery within the period of observation. With placebo, occasional improvement was seen for cough intensity and for expectorate amount, and this improvement was significantly less in extent and significantly slower than that recorded with guaimesal. Overall, 8.6% of placebo-treated patients experienced a clinically detectable degree of recovery. The subjective tolerance of guaimesal was comparable to that of placebo in terms of both the frequency and the nature of the side effects. Mild, transient gastric effects were reported by 11.4% of patients receiving guaimesal and by 8.6% of patients receiving placebo. These effects did not require a variation of dose or specific treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Published
1989

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