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1. Clinical recrudescence of chronic untreated P. malariae infection after BNT162b2 CoVID-19 vaccine

Author: G. Ciusa, F. Guida Marascia, R. Virruso, A. Angheben, G. Guaraldi, and A. Cascio
Subjects: Plasmodium malariae, Malaria, Chronic malaria, CoVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We described a case of clinical reactivation of chronic P. malariae infection following CoVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pifzer-Biontech CoVID-19 vaccine) in a 48-year old Italian man.The patient came to our attention for fever of unknown origin show a quartan pattern (every third day) associated to splenomegaly, the onset of the fever occurred one month after CoVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2. P. malariae was diagnosed using Carestart™ malaria rapid test and Polymerase-Chain Reaction. Post-vaccine transient reduction of immune reactivity is described in literature, although the mechanism is unknown.
Published: 2022
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2. The increasing burden and complexity of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy in geriatric HIV patients: a cross sectional study of people aged 65 – 74 years and more than 75 years

Author: G. Guaraldi, A. Malagoli, A. Calcagno, C. Mussi, B. M. Celesia, F. Carli, S. Piconi, G. V. De Socio, A. M. Cattelan, G. Orofino, A. Riva, E. Focà, S. Nozza, and G. Di Perri
Subjects: Geriatric HIV-infected population, Multi-morbidity, Polypharmacy, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Abstract Background Geriatric Patients Living with HIV/AIDS (GEPPO) is a new prospective observational multicentre cohort consisting of all the HIV-positive geriatric patients being treated at 10 clinics in Italy, and HIV-negative controls attending a single geriatric clinic. The aim of this analysis of the GEPPO cohort was to compare prevalence and risk factors of individual non-communicable diseases (NCD), multi-morbidity (MM) and polypharmacy (PP) amongst HIV positive and HIV negative controls at enrolment into the GEPPO cohort. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2015 and May 2016. The duration of HIV infection was subdivided into three intervals: 20 years. The NCD diagnoses were based on guidelines defined criteria, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MM was classified as the presence of two or more co-morbidities. The medications prescribed for the treatment of comorbidities were collected in both HIV positive and HIV negative group from patient files and were categorized using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. PP was defined as the presence of five or more drug components other than anti-retroviral agents. Results The study involved a total of 1573 patient: 1258 HIV positive and 315 HIV negative). The prevalence of individual comorbidities was similar in the two groups with the exception of dyslipidaemia, which was more frequent in the HIV-positive patients (p
Published: 2018
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3. IDENTIFICAZIONE MOLECOLARE DI LEISHMANIA INFANTUM A CONFERMA DI UN RARO CASO AUTOCTONO DI LEISHMANIOSI LARINGEA.

Author: C. Casolari, M. Pecorari, A.M. Cesinaro, G. Fabio, G. Tamassia, A.T. Sabbatini, G. Guaraldi, V. Gherardi, S. Imparato, R. Piolini, and F. Rumpianesi
Subjects: Microbiology, QR1-502
Published: 2004
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4. SENSIBILITÀ AGLI ANTIMICOTICI DI CEPPI DI CANDIDA SPP. ISOLATI DA EMOCOLTURE DI PAZIENTI OSPEDALIZZATI NEL PERIODO 2000-2003

Author: C. Venturelli, A. Bedini, C. Carboni, G. Leporati, M. Codeluppi, G. Guaraldi, and F. Rumpianesi
Subjects: Microbiology, QR1-502
Published: 2003
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5. External validation of the PAGE-B score for HCC risk prediction in people living with HIV/HBV coinfection

Author: Bernard Surial, Adrià Ramírez Mena, Marie Roumet, Andreas Limacher, Colette Smit, Olivier Leleux, Amanda Mocroft, Marc van der Valk, Fabrice Bonnet, Lars Peters, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Huldrych F. Günthard, Annalisa Berzigotti, Andri Rauch, Gilles Wandeler, I. Abela, K. Aebi-Popp, A. Anagnostopoulos, M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, D.L. Braun, H.C. Bucher, A. Calmy, M. Cavassini, A. Ciuffi, G. Dollenmaier, M. Egger, L. Elzi, J. Fehr, J. Fellay, H. Furrer, C.A. Fux, H.F. Günthard, A. Hachfeld, D. Haerry, B. Hasse, H.H. Hirsch, M. Hoffmann, I. Hösli, M. Huber, D. Jackson-Perry, C.R. Kahlert, L. Kaiser, O. Keiser, T. Klimkait, R.D. Kouyos, H. Kovari, K. Kusejko, N. Labhardt, K. Leuzinger, Martinez de Tejada B, C. Marzolini, K.J. Metzner, N. Müller, J. Nemeth, D. Nicca, J. Notter, P. Paioni, G. Pantaleo, M. Perreau, A. Rauch, L. Salazar-Vizcaya, P. Schmid, R. Speck, M. Stöckle, P. Tarr, A. Trkola, G. Wandeler, M. Weisser, S. Yerly, M. van der Valk, S.E. Geerlings, A. Goorhuis, V.C. Harris, J.W. Hovius, B. Lempkes, F.J.B. Nellen, T. van der Poll, J.M. Prins, V. Spoorenberg, M. van Vugt, W.J. Wiersinga, F.W.M.N. Wit, C. Bruins, J. van Eden, I.J. Hylkema-van den Bout, A.M.H. van Hes, F.J.J. Pijnappel, S.Y. Smalhout, A.M. Weijsenfeld, N.K.T. Back, B. Berkhout, M.T.E. Cornelissen, R. van Houdt, M. Jonges, S. Jurriaans, C.J. Schinkel, K.C. Wolthers, H.L. Zaaijer, E.J.G. Peters, M.A. van Agtmael, R.S. Autar, M. Bomers, K.C.E. Sigaloff, M. Heitmuller, L.M. Laan, M. van den Berge, A. Stegeman, S. Baas, L. Hage de Looff, A. van Arkel, J. Stohr, B. Wintermans, M.J.H. Pronk, H.S.M. Ammerlaan, E.S. de Munnik, B. Deiman, A.R. Jansz, V. Scharnhorst, J. Tjhie, M.C.A. Wegdam, A. van Eeden, E. Hoornenborg, J. Nellen, W. Alers, L.J.M. Elsenburg, H. Nobel, M.E.E. van Kasteren, M.A.H. Berrevoets, A.E. Brouwer, B.A.F.M. de Kruijf-van de Wiel, A. Adams, M. Pawels-van Rijkevoorsel, A.G.M. Buiting, J.L. Murck, C. Rokx, A.A. Anas, H.I. Bax, E.C.M. van Gorp, M. de Mendonça Melo, E. van Nood, J.L. Nouwen, B.J.A. Rijnders, C.A.M. Schurink, L. Slobbe, T.E.M.S. de Vries-Sluijs, N. Bassant, J.E.A. van Beek, M. Vriesde, L.M. van Zonneveld, J. de Groot, J.J.A. van Kampen, M.P.G. Koopmans, J.C. Rahamat-Langendoen, J. Branger, R.A. Douma, A.S. Cents-Bosma, C.J.H.M. Duijf-van de Ven, E.F. Schippers, C. van Nieuwkoop, J. Geilings, S. van Winden, G. van der Hut, N.D. van Burgel, E.M.S. Leyten, L.B.S. Gelinck, F. Mollema, G.S. Wildenbeest, T. Nguyen, P.H.P. Groeneveld, J.W. Bouwhuis, A.J.J. Lammers, A.G.W. van Hulzen, S. Kraan, M.S.M. Kruiper, G.L. van der Bliek, P.C.J. Bor, S.B. Debast, G.H.J. Wagenvoort, A.H.E. Roukens, M.G.J. de Boer, H. Jolink, M.M.C. Lambregts, H. Scheper, W. Dorama, N. van Holten, E.C.J. Claas, E. Wessels, J.G. den Hollander, R. El Moussaoui, K. Pogany, C.J. Brouwer, D. Heida-Peters, E. Mulder, J.V. Smit, D. Struik-Kalkman, T. van Niekerk, O. Pontesilli, C. van Tienen, S.H. Lowe, A.M.L. Oude Lashof, D. Posthouwer, M.E. van Wolfswinkel, R.P. Ackens, K. Burgers, M. Elasri, J. Schippers, T.R.A. Havenith, M. van Loo, M.G.A. van Vonderen, L.M. Kampschreur, M.C. van Broekhuizen, null S, null Faber, A. Al Moujahid, G.J. Kootstra, C.E. Delsing, M. van der Burg-van de Plas, L. Scheiberlich, W. Kortmann, G. van Twillert, R. Renckens, J. Wagenaar, D. Ruiter-Pronk, F.A. van Truijen-Oud, J.W.T. Cohen Stuart, M. Hoogewerf, W. Rozemeijer, J.C. Sinnige, K. Brinkman, G.E.L. van den Berk, K.D. Lettinga, M. de Regt, W.E.M. Schouten, J.E. Stalenhoef, J. Veenstra, S.M.E. Vrouenraets, H. Blaauw, G.F. Geerders, M.J. Kleene, M. Knapen, M. Kok, I.B. van der Meché, A.J.M. Toonen, S. Wijnands, E. Wttewaal, D. Kwa, T.J.W. van de Laar, R. van Crevel, K. van Aerde, A.S.M. Dofferhoff, S.S.V. Henriet, H.J.M. ter Hofstede, J. Hoogerwerf, O. Richel, M. Albers, K.J.T. Grintjes-Huisman, M. de Haan, M. Marneef, M. McCall, D. Burger, E.H. Gisolf, M. Claassen, R.J. Hassing, G. ter Beest, P.H.M. van Bentum, M. Gelling, Y. Neijland, C.M.A. Swanink, M. Klein Velderman, S.F.L. van Lelyveld, R. Soetekouw, L.M.M. van der Prijt, J. van der Swaluw, J.S. Kalpoe, A. Wagemakers, A. Vahidnia, F.N. Lauw, D.W.M. Verhagen, M. van Wijk, W.F.W. Bierman, M. Bakker, R.A. van Bentum, M.A. van den Boomgaard, J. Kleinnijenhuis, E. Kloeze, A. Middel, D.F. Postma, H.M. Schenk, Y. Stienstra, M. Wouthuyzen-Bakker, A. Boonstra, H. de Jonge, M.M.M. Maerman, D.A. de Weerd, K.J. van Eije, M. Knoester, C.C. van Leer-Buter, H.G.M. Niesters, null T.Mudrikova, R.E. Barth, A.H.W. Bruns, P.M. Ellerbroek, M.P.M. Hensgens, J.J. Oosterheert, E.M. Schadd, A. Verbon, B.J. van Welzen, H. Berends, B.M.G. Griffioen-van Santen, I. de Kroon, F.M. Verduyn Lunel, A.M.J. Wensing, S. Zaheri, A.C. Boyd, D.O. Bezemer, A.I. van Sighem, C. Smit, M.M.J. Hillebregt, T.J. Woudstra, T. Rutkens, D. Bergsma, N.M. Brétin, K.J. Lelivelt, L. van de Sande, K.M. Visser.S.T. van der Vliet, F. Paling, L.G.M. de Groot-Berndsen, M. van den Akker, R. Alexander, Y. Bakker, A. El Berkaoui, M. Bezemer-Goedhart, E.A. Djoechro, M. Groters, L.E. Koster, C.R.E. Lodewijk, E.G.A. Lucas, L. Munjishvili, B.M. Peeck, C.M.J. Ree, R. Regtop, A.F. van Rijk, Y.M.C. Ruijs-Tiggelman, P.P. Schnörr, M.J.C. Schoorl, E.M. Tuijn, D.P. Veenenberg, E.C.M. Witte, I. Karpov, M. Losso, J. Lundgren, J. Rockstroh, I. Aho, L.D. Rasmussen, P. Novak, C. Pradier, N. Chkhartishvili, R. Matulionyte, C. Oprea, J.D. Kowalska, J. Begovac, J.M. Miró, G. Guaraldi, R. Paredes, L. Peters, J.F. Larsen, B. Neesgaard, N. Jaschinski, O. Fursa, D. Raben, D. Kristensen, A.H. Fischer, S.K. Jensen, T.W. Elsing, M. Gardizi, A. Mocroft, A. Phillips, J. Reekie, A. Cozzi-Lepri, A. Pelchen-Matthews, A. Roen, E.S. Tusch, W. Bannister, P. Bellecave, P. Blanco, F. Bonnet, S. Bouchet, D. Breilh, C. Cazanave, S. Desjardin, V. Gaborieau, A. Gimbert, M. Hessamfar, L. Lacaze-Buzy, D. Lacoste, M.E. Lafon, E. Lazaro, O. Leleux, F. Le Marec, G. Le Moal, D. Malvy, L. Marchand, P. Mercié, D. Neau, I. Pellegrin, A. Perrier, V. Petrov-Sanchez, M.O. Vareil, L. Wittkop, N. Bernard, D. Bronnimann H. Chaussade, D. Dondia, P. Duffau, I. Faure, P. Morlat, E. Mériglier, F. Paccalin, E. Riebero, C. Rivoisy, M.A. Vandenhende, L. Barthod, F.A. Dauchy, A. Desclaux, M. Ducours, H. Dutronc, A. Duvignaud, J. Leitao, M. Lescure, D. Nguyen, T. Pistone, M. Puges, G. Wirth, C. Courtault, F. Camou, C. Greib, J.L. Pellegrin, E. Rivière, J.F. Viallard, Y. Imbert, M. Thierry-Mieg, P. Rispal, O. Caubet, H. Ferrand, S. Tchamgoué, S. Farbos, H. Wille, K. Andre, L. Caunegre, Y. Gerard, F. Osorio-Perez, I. Chossat, G. Iles, M. Labasse-Depis, F. Lacassin, A. Barret, B. Castan, J. Koffi, N. Rouanes, A. Saunier, J.B. Zabbe, G. Dumondin, G. Beraud, M. Catroux, M. Garcia, V. Giraud, J.P. Martellosio, F. Roblot, T. Pasdeloup, A. Riché, M. Grosset, S. Males, C. Ngo Bell, C. Carpentier, Virology P. Bellecave, C. Tumiotto, G. Miremeont-Salamé, D. Arma, G. Arnou, M.J. Blaizeau, P. Camps, M. Decoin, S. Delveaux, F. Diarra, L. Gabrea, S. Lawson-Ayayi, E. Lenaud, D. Plainchamps, A. Pougetoux, B. Uwamaliya, K. Zara, V. Conte, M. Gapillout, Internal medicine, VU University medical center, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Infectious diseases, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, AII - Inflammatory diseases, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, APH - Quality of Care, Pulmonary medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Ethics, Law & Medical humanities, APH - Methodology, Midwifery Science, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Infectious diseases, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, Global Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, General Internal Medicine, AII - Cancer immunology, Landsteiner Laboratory, Cardiology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Global Health in the Global South (GHiGS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Hepatitis B virus, model validation, Hepatology, liver neoplasms, risk prediction models, liver cirrhosis, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], risk assessment, 610 Medicine & health, hepatocellular carcinoma, HIV infection, tenofovir, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract: Background & Aims: HBV coinfection is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is the most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While risk prediction tools for HCC have been validated in patients with HBV monoinfection, they have not been evaluated in PLWH. Thus, we performed an external validation of PAGE-B in people with HIV/HBV coinfection.Methods: We included data on PLWH from four European cohorts who were positive for HBsAg and did not have HCC before starting tenofovir. We estimated the predictive performance of PAGE-B for HCC occurrence over 15 years in patients receiving tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. Model discrimination was assessed after multiple imputation using Cox regression with the prognostic index as a covariate, and by calculating Harrell's c-index. Calibration was assessed by comparing our cumulative incidence with the PAGE-B derivation study using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results: In total, 2,963 individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection on tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy were included. PAGE-B was Conclusions: For individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection, PAGE-B is a valid tool to determine the need for HCC screening. Impact and implications: Chronic HBV infection is the most important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among people living with HIV. Valid risk prediction may enable better targeting of HCC screening efforts to high-risk individuals. We aimed to validate PAGE-B, a risk prediction tool that is based on age, sex, and platelets, in 2,963 individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection who received tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. In the present study, PAGE-B showed good discrimination, adequate calibration, and a cut-off of
Published: 2023
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6. Nosocomial COVID-19 infection: examining the risk of mortality. The COPE-Nosocomial Study (COVID in Older PEople)

Author: B. Carter, J.T. Collins, F. Barlow-Pay, F. Rickard, E. Bruce, A. Verduri, T.J. Quinn, E. Mitchell, A. Price, A. Vilches-Moraga, M.J. Stechman, R. Short, A. Einarsson, P. Braude, S. Moug, P.K. Myint, J. Hewitt, L. Pearce, K. McCarthy, C. Davey, S. Jones, K. Lunstone, A. Cavenagh, C. Silver, T. Telford, R. Simmons, M. Holloway, J. Hesford, T. El Jichi Mutasem, S. Singh, D. Paxton, W. Harris, N. Galbraith, E. Bhatti, J. Edwards, S. Duffy, J. Kelly, C. Murphy, C. Bisset, R. Alexander, M. Garcia, S. Sangani, T. Kneen, T. Lee, A. McGovern, G. Guaraldi, and E. Clini
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030501 epidemiology, Lower risk, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Nosocomial infection, Internal medicine, Hospital-acquired infection, medicine, Risk of mortality, Infection control, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, COVID-19, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Community-acquired infection, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, community acquired infection, 0305 other medical science, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Introduction\ud Hospital admissions for non-COVID-19 pathology have significantly reduced. It is believed that this may be due to public anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 infection in hospital and the subsequent risk of mortality. There is an urgent need for clarity regarding patients who acquire COVID-19 in hospital (nosocomial COVID-19 infection [NC]), their risk of mortality, compared to those with community acquired COVID-19 (CAC) infection.\ud Methods\ud The COPE-Nosocomial Study was an observational cohort study. The primary outcome was the time to all-cause mortality (estimated with an adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]), and secondary outcomes were Day-7 mortality and the time-to-discharge. A mixed-effects multivariable Cox’s proportional hazards model was used, adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.\ud Results\ud Our study included 1564 patients from 10 hospital sites throughout the UK, and one in Italy, and collected outcomes on patients admitted up to 28th April, 2020. 12.5% of COVID-19 infections were acquired in hospital. 425 (27.2%) patients with COVID died. The median survival time in NC patients was 14 days, which compared to 10 days in CAC patients. In the primary analysis, NC infection was associated with reduced mortality (aHR=0.71, 95%CI 0.51-0.99). Secondary outcomes found no difference in Day-7 mortality (aOR=0.79, 95%CI 0.47-1.31), but NC patients required longer time in hospital during convalescence (aHR=0.49, 95%CI 0.37-0.66).\ud Conclusion\ud The minority of COVID-19 cases were the result of NC transmission. Whilst no COVID-19 infection comes without risk, patients with NC had a reduced risk of mortality compared to CAC infection, however, caution should be taken when interpreting this finding.\ud In the United Kingdom, authority to conduct the study was granted by the Health Research Authority (20/HRA/1898), and in Italy by the Ethics Committee of Policlinico Hospital Modena (Reference 369/2020/OSS/AOUMO). Cardiff University was the study sponsor.
Published: 2020
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7. Association between respiratory distress time and invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients: A multicentre regional cohort study

Author: S. Busani, I. Coloretti, M. Baciarello, V. Bellini, M. Sarti, E. Biagioni, R. Tonelli, A. Marchioni, E. Clini, G. Guaraldi, C. Mussini, M. Meschiari, T. Tonetti, L. Pisani, S. Nava, E. Bignami, M.V. Ranieri, and M. Girardis
Subjects: invasive mechanical ventilation, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, COVID-19, respiratory distress, invasive mechanical ventilation, lung injury, mortality, respiratory distress, COVID-19, lung injury, mortality
Abstract: To determine whether the duration of respiratory distress symptoms in severe COVID-19 pneumonia affects the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and clinical outcomes.An observational multicentre cohort study of patients hospitalised in five COVID-19-designated ICUs of the University Hospitals of Emilia-Romagna Region. Patients included were adults with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio300 mmHg, respiratory distress symptoms, and need for mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Exclusion criteria were an uncertain time of respiratory distress, end-of-life decision, and mechanical respiratory support before hospital admission.We analysed 171 patients stratified into tertiles according to respiratory distress duration (distress time, DT) before application of mechanical ventilation support. The rate of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly different (p 0.001) among the tertiles: 17/57 patients in the shortest duration, 29/57 in the intermediate duration, and 40/57 in the longest duration. The respiratory distress time significantly increased the risk of invasive ventilation in the univariate analysis (OR 5.5 [CI 2.48-12.35], p = 0.003). Multivariable regression analysis confirmed this association (OR 10.7 [CI 2.89-39.41], p 0.001). Clinical outcomes (mortality and hospital stay) did not show significant differences between DT tertiles.Albeit preliminary and retrospective, our data raised the hypothesis that the duration of respiratory distress symptoms may play a role in COVID-19 patients' need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, our observations suggested that specific strategies may be directed towards identifying and managing early symptoms of respiratory distress, regardless of the levels of hypoxemia and the severity of the dyspnoea itself.
Published: 2022
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8. A79 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DIAGNOSED BY CONTROLLED ATTENUATION PARAMETER IN PEOPLE WITH HIV: A PILOT STUDY

Author: W Elgretli, N Paisible, C Costiniuk, J Cox, D Kablawi, M Klein, N Kronfli, J -P Routy, J Falutz, B Lebouche, G Guaraldi, and G Sebastiani
Abstract: Background Aging people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy face high rates of metabolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fat alterations are frequent in PWH and predict worse cardiometabolic outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an important compartment of body fat tissue releasing bioactive molecules. As a hormonally active tissue, VAT critically contributes to obesity-related disorders and is associated with ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Purpose We aimed to investigate NAFLD diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a marker of visceral adiposity in PWH. Method We conducted a prospective pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov 2021-6656) of HIV mono-infected patients undergoing metabolic characterization and paired CAP by transient elastography with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NAFLD was defined as CAP ≥285 dB/m, in absence of alcohol abuse. Excess visceral adiposity was defined as VAT>1.32 Kg. Pairwise correlation, area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were employed to study the association between VAT and CAP. Result(s) 30 patients (90% male, mean age 48.5, mean BMI 29.9, mean waist circumference 100.9, 50% with NAFLD) were included. When compared to those without excess VAT, PWH with excess VAT were older (53+12 vs 43+13 years, p=0.035), had longer duration of HIV infection (20+13 vs. 9+9 years, p=0.021), had higher BMI (32+4 vs 27+4 Kg/m2, p=0.002) and waist circumference (107+11 vs. 93+12 cm, p=0.004). They also had more history of cardiovascular events (29% vs. 0, p=0.032) and higher lipid accumulation product, a marker of lipid accumulation based on waist circumference and triglycerides (112+53 vs. 38+27, p Image Conclusion(s) NAFLD diagnosed by CAP is associated with VAT in PWH independently of anthropometric measures of obesity. CAP could be used as a diagnostic marker of visceral adiposity in the practice of HIV medicine Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding; CanHepC Disclosure of Interest W. Elgretli Grant / Research support from: CanHepC, N. Paisible: None Declared, C. Costiniuk: None Declared, J. Cox: None Declared, D. Kablawi: None Declared, M. Klein: None Declared, N. Kronfli: None Declared, J.-P. Routy: None Declared, J. Falutz: None Declared, B. Lebouche: None Declared, G. Guaraldi: None Declared, G. Sebastiani: None Declared
Published: 2023
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9. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in the post-acute COVID syndrome

Author: P. Raggi, S. Barbieri, J. Milic, L. Gozzi, A. Brigo, B. Beghe', A. Verduri, E. Clini, C. Mussini, G. Sebastiani, and G. Guaraldi
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022
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10. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower cell- associated HIV RNA and DNA levels compared to protease inhibitor-based therapy

Author: O Erlwein, A Winston, Peter Reiss, J Villaudy, B Berkhout, M. van der Valk, DP Benschop, A Kalsbeek, Ben Berkhout, M Martens, C Kingsley, T Booiman, Neeltje A. Kootstra, M Wezel, M Moreno-Villanueva, Paolo Garagnani, N Doyle, S Salvioli, BC Elsenga, JA ter Stege, T van der Kuyl, T Su, FR Janssen, BA Schmand, MM Mangas Ruiz, T Sindlinger, I Maurer, A Bürkle, M Capri, W Zikkenheiner, C Libert, M Chiricolo, Robert Leech, Ferdinand Wnm Wit, J Pothof, Caroline A. Sabin, Cblm Majoie, M Gisslén, A Lovell, Mmj Hillebregt, S Zaheri, I Visser, Claudio Franceschi, M de Graaff-Teulen, Alexander O. Pasternak, S Kovalev, M Prins, M Totté, NA Kootstra, H Zetterberg, D de Francesco, JH Cole, K Legg, Mwa Caan, J Schouten, M Klein Twennaar, Jelmer Vroom, J Berkel, AF Girigorie, P Reiss, S Moll, S Dewaele, K Weijer, D Fuchs, Marijn de Bruin, Alan Winston, Chiara Pirazzini, R.A. van Zoest, F Dall'Olio, Davide De Francesco, David J. Sharp, A Keller, AM Harskamp-Holwerda, J Underwood, F. W. Wit, GJ Geurtsen, P Portegies, Ymc Ruijs, M Stott, Margreet Bakker, M Heidenrijk, KW Kooij, Phlt Bisschop, G Guaraldi, L McDonald, C Sabin, AO Pasternak, J Hoeijmakers, Jan M. Prins, HG Ruhé, E Frankin, D Burger, Commission of the European Communities, National Institute for Health Research, and Pasternak AO, Vroom J, Kootstra NA, Wit FW, de Bruin M, De Francesco D, Bakker M, Sabin CA, Winston A, Prins JM, Reiss P, Berkhout B. Collaboratori C Franceschi, P Garagnani, C Pirazzini, M Capri, F Dall'Olio, M Chiricolo, S Salvioli
Subjects: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, DYNAMICS, Male, PROVIRUSES PRODUCE, medicine, Time Factors, Co-morBidity in Relation to Aids (COBRA) Collaboration, HIV Infections, Virus Replication, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transcription (biology), virus infection, Biology (General), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, INFECTED PATIENTS, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, General Neuroscience, virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Europe, Treatment Outcome, viru, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Adult, antiviral drug, Nevirapine, Efavirenz, QH301-705.5, RALTEGRAVIR INTENSIFICATION, Science, infectious disease, VIREMIA, virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], antiviral drugs, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Humans, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Biology, Science & Technology, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, PERSISTENCE, microbiology, RNA, HIV, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Virology, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, REPLICATION, DNA, Viral, RESERVOIR, business, DECAY
Abstract: Background:It remains unclear whether combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens differ in their ability to fully suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Here, we report the results of two cross-sectional studies that compared levels of cell-associated (CA) HIV markers between individuals receiving suppressive ART containing either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI).Methods:CA HIV unspliced RNA and total HIV DNA were quantified in two cohorts (n = 100, n = 124) of individuals treated with triple ART regimens consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus either an NNRTI or a PI. To compare CA HIV RNA and DNA levels between the regimens, we built multivariable models adjusting for age, gender, current and nadir CD4+ count, plasma viral load zenith, duration of virological suppression, NRTI backbone composition, low-level plasma HIV RNA detectability, and electronically measured adherence to ART.Results:In both cohorts, levels of CA HIV RNA and DNA strongly correlated (rho = 0.70 and rho = 0.54) and both markers were lower in NNRTI-treated than in PI-treated individuals. In the multivariable analysis, CA RNA in both cohorts remained significantly reduced in NNRTI-treated individuals (padj = 0.02 in both cohorts), with a similar but weaker association between the ART regimen and total HIV DNA (padj = 0.048 and padj = 0.10). No differences in CA HIV RNA or DNA levels were observed between individual NNRTIs or individual PIs, but CA HIV RNA was lower in individuals treated with either nevirapine or efavirenz, compared to PI-treated individuals.Conclusions:All current classes of antiretroviral drugs only prevent infection of new cells but do not inhibit HIV RNA transcription in long-lived reservoir cells. Therefore, these differences in CA HIV RNA and DNA levels by treatment regimen suggest that NNRTIs are more potent in suppressing HIV residual replication than PIs, which may result in a smaller viral reservoir size.Funding:This work was supported by ZonMw (09120011910035) and FP7 Health (305522).
Published: 2021
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11. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis delta infection in a liver transplant recipient: a case report

Author: N. Gualandi, G. Ciusa, G. Dolci, M. Tutone, A. Pivetti, L. Di Marco, G.P. Guerrini, F. Di Benedetto, G. Guaraldi, A. Colecchia, and N. De Maria
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022
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12. Liver transplantation in HIV infected subjects: a long-term single-center experience

Author: G.P. Guerrini, N. Gualandi, G. Guaraldi, P. Magistri, S. Di Sandro, N. De Maria, A. Colecchia, and F. Di Benedetto
Subjects: Hepatology, Gastroenterology
Published: 2022
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13. P306Molecular imaging of vascular osteogenesis in patients infected with HIV

Author: P Raggi, N Prandini, F Esposito, A Malagoli, J Milic, B Beghetto, G Nardini, E Roncaglia, and G Guaraldi
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2019
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14. Pregnancy outcomes and cytomegalovirus DNAaemia in HIV-infected pregnant women with CMV

Author: M. Floridia, M. F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G. Nardini, G. Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [. . ., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccolis, A. De Gennaro, GUERRA, BRUNELLA, F. Cervi, SIMONAZZI, GIULIANA, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todros, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, M. Floridia, M.F. Pirillo, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, E. Tamburrini, C. Pinnetti, G. Guaraldi, G.Nardini, G.Masuelli, S. Dalzero, I. Cetin, M. Sansone, R. Amici, M. Ravizza, on behalf of The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy: [.., F. Mori, P. Ortolani, E. R. dalle Nogare, F. Di Lorenzo, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, G. Montorzi, M. Mazzetti, P. Rogasi, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, B. Del Pin, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, R. Marocco, C. Mastroianni, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, M. Zaramella, B. Mariani, G. Natalini Raponi, G. Nardini, C. Stentarelli, B. Beghetto, A. M. Degli Antoni, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, M. Piepoli, V. Cerri, G. Zuccotti, V. Giacomet, S. Coletto, F. Di Nello, C. Madia, G. Placido, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, F. Sabbatini, D. Francisci, L. Bernini, P. Grossi, L. Rizzi, S. Alberico, G. Maso, M. Airoud, G. Soppelsa, A. Meloni, M. Dedoni, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Bordoni Vicini, K. Luzi, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, A. Miccoli, A. De Gennaro, B. Guerra, F. Cervi, G. Simonazzi, E. Margarito, M. G. Capretti, C. Marsico, G. Faldella, P. Martinelli, A. Agangi, A. Capone, G. M. Maruotti, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, T. Todro, G. Masuelli, V. Frisina, T. Brambilla, V. Savasi, C. Personeni, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, A. M. Casadei, A. F. Cavaliere, M. Cellini, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, V. Sacchi, M. Ierardi, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M. F. Pirillo, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, P. Villani, M. Cusato, A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, and ]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cytomegalovirus Infection, pregnancy outcomes, Cytomegalovirus, HIV Infections, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Humans, Italy, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prevalence, Coinfection, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Viremia, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Hiv infected, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, CMV, CMV-DNA, Infectious, General Medicine, pregnancy, Cytomegalovirus infections, preterm delivery, Human, 030106 microbiology, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Pregnancy outcomes, Preterm delivery, business.industry, HIV, Cytomegaloviru, medicine.disease, Virology, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Complications, Infectiou, business
Published: 2016

15. Raltegravir Plasma Concentrations in Treatment-Experienced Patients Receiving Salvage Regimens Based on Raltegravir with and without Maraviroc Coadministration

Author: Silvia Baroncelli, Paola Villani, Liliana E. Weimer, Nicoletta Ladisa, Daniela Francisci, Chiara Tommasi, Vincenzo Vullo, Roberta Preziosi, Stefania Cicalini, Maria Cusato, Clementina M. Galluzzo, Marco Floridia, Mario Regazzi, for the ISS NIA Group […, R. Bucciardini, M. Floridia, LE Weimer, V. Fragola, M. Massella, S. Baroncelli, CM Galluzzo, MF Pirillo, MG Mancini, R. Amici, A. Cara, R. Bona, P. Leone, P. Filati, M. Franco, S. Donnini, M. Mirra, M. Di Gregorio, S. Lucattini, L. Fucili, F. Baldelli, D. Francisci, L. Martinelli, G. Masini, S. Bastianelli, G. Angarano, N. Ladisa, A. Volpe, V. Vullo, G. D’Ettorre, G. Ceccarelli, M. Andreoni, L. Sarmati, D. Delle Rose, M. Montano, V. Tozzi, R. Libertone, L. Pucillo, P. Narciso, R. Bellagamba, C. Tommasi, N. Petrosillo, S. Cicalini, F. Ghinelli, L. Sighinolfi, D. Segala, O. Armignacco, R. Preziosi, C. Ferrari, A. Degli Antoni, A. Cavalli, G. Parruti, F. Sozio, L. Cosentino, D. Dionisio, A. Vivarelli, PE Manconi, F. Ortu, ML Di Martino, R. Motta, R. Del Gobbo, A. Mataloni Paggi, C. Silvestri, G. Scalise, A. Giacometti, O. Cirioni, S. Sebastianelli, E. Marchionni, E. Gabrielli, MS Mura, M. Mannazzu, G. Cattari, G. Coinu, G. Guaraldi, B. Beghetto, G. Nardini, VIALE, PIERLUIGI, VERUCCHI, GABRIELLA, BORDERI, MARCO, PIERGENTILI, BENEDETTA, Silvia Baroncelli, Paola Villani, Liliana E Weimer, Nicoletta Ladisa, Daniela Francisci, Chiara Tommasi, Vincenzo Vullo, Roberta Preziosi, Stefania Cicalini, Maria Cusato, Clementina M Galluzzo, Marco Floridia, Mario Regazzi, for the ISS-NIA Group […, R Bucciardini, M Floridia, LE Weimer, V Fragola, M Massella, S Baroncelli, CM Galluzzo, MF Pirillo, MG Mancini, R Amici, A Cara, R Bona, P Leone, P Filati, M Franco, S Donnini, M Mirra, M Di Gregorio, S Lucattini, L Fucili, F Baldelli, D Francisci, L Martinelli, G Masini, S Bastianelli, G Angarano, N Ladisa, A Volpe, V Vullo, G D’Ettorre, G Ceccarelli, M Andreoni, L Sarmati, D Delle Rose, M Montano, V Tozzi, R Libertone, L Pucillo, P Narciso, R Bellagamba, C Tommasi, N Petrosillo, S Cicalini, F Ghinelli, L Sighinolfi, D Segala, O Armignacco, R Preziosi, C Ferrari, A Degli Antoni, A Cavalli, G Parruti, F Sozio, L Cosentino, D Dionisio, A Vivarelli, PE Manconi, F Ortu, ML Di Martino, P Viale, G Verucchi, M Borderi, B Piergentili, R Motta, R Del Gobbo, A Mataloni Paggi, C Silvestri, G Scalise, A Giacometti, O Cirioni, S Sebastianelli, E Marchionni, E Gabrielli, MS Mura, M Mannazzu, G Cattari, G Coinu, G Guaraldi, B Beghetto, G Nardini, and …]
Subjects: maraviroc, HAART, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Drug interaction, antiretroviral therapy, Plasma drug concentrations, Pharmacology, hiv infections, NO, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, pyrrolidinones, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacotherapy, male, cohort studies, Pharmacokinetics, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Raltegravir Potassium, middle aged, Drug interactions, Maraviroc, Raltegravir, Salvage regimens, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), salvage therapy, humans, highly active, triazoles, plasma drug concentration, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, drug administration schedule, business.industry, adult, HIV, drug interactions, aged, anti-hiv agents, chemistry, Concomitant, salvage regimen, young adult, raltegravir, business, antiretroviral therapy, highly active, cyclohexanes, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Raltegravir and maraviroc represent new, important resources for HIV-infected patients with intolerance or resistance to other antiretroviral agents. The safety and efficacy of both drugs have been investigated, but there is no information on possible pharmacokinetic interactions between these 2 drugs in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate raltegravir plasma concentrations in heavily treatment-experienced patients receiving salvage regimens and explore, in a preliminary assessment, the potential influence of maraviroc coadministration and other cofactors on raltegravir trough concentrations (Ctrough). METHODS: Fifty-four HIV-infected patients with triple class (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor) treatment experience starting raltegravir 400 mg twice daily, with (n = 11) or without (n = 43) concomitant maraviroc 300 mg twice daily, were evaluated. All regimens included at least 3 drugs of at least 2 different classes. Raltegravir plasma Ctrough, after at least 1 month of treatment, were analyzed to compare groups of patients taking raltegravir only and raltegravir plus maraviroc. Immunovirological (CD4, HIV-RNA) and clinical data after 6 months of treatment were also collected and described. RESULTS: Raltegravir plasma Ctrough showed a large variability (range 0.02 μg/mL) raltegravir concentrations were observed in all patients receiving raltegravir + maraviroc and in 74% of patients receiving raltegravir alone (p = 0.060). After 6 months of treatment, the 2 groups had similar clinical, virologic, and immunologic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Coadministration of maraviroc does not seem to have any relevant effects on raltegravir plasma Ctrough in heavily treatment-experienced patients receiving salvage regimens. Further studies should evaluate the potential additional benefits of maraviroc coadministration in terms of virologic and immunologic response.
Published: 2010
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16. Correlates of frailty phenotype and frailty index and their associations with clinical outcomes

Author: G Guaraldi, A Malagoli, O Theou, TD Brothers, LMK Wallace, R Torelli, C Mussini, S Sartini, SA Kirkland, and K Rockwood
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Adult, Male, Activities of daily living, HIV, age-related conditions, disability, falls, frailty, multimorbidity, Psychological intervention, Frailty Index, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Frailty, business.industry, Health Policy, Middle Aged, 030112 virology, Antiretroviral therapy, Frailty phenotype, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Life course approach, Observational study, Accidental Falls, Female, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVES Frailty is a predictor of adverse health outcomes and can be measured across the life course, including among people living with HIV. The purpose of this study was to examine two commonly used measures of frailty - the frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype - to assess common characteristics and to describe associations with multimorbidity, falls, and disability in people aging with HIV. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study including 482 consecutive HIV-infected patients (mean age 53.9 ± SD 6.9 years; 75% male) attending the multidisciplinary metabolic clinic at the University of Modena, Italy. Frailty was measured with the frailty phenotype and a 37-item FI. RESULTS The mean FI score was 0.28±0.1 and frailty phenotype categories were: 3.1% frail, 51.9% pre-frail, and 45% robust. The duration of antiretroviral therapy was significantly different across levels of frailty as measured by both frailty tools (P < 0.01), but the nadir CD4 count was only significant for the FI (P = 0.01); current CD4 count was not significantly different across frailty levels using either tool. Both frailty measures were associated with multimorbidity; the FI was associated with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living impairment and falls history, whereas the frailty phenotype was not. CONCLUSIONS The frailty phenotype and the FI demonstrated similar characteristics in patients at a tertiary-level HIV clinic. The FI had a stronger association with age, nadir CD4 count, comorbidities, falls, and disability. Integrating frailty assessments in clinical practice will be crucial for the development of interventions in age-related conditions, including disability and falls, in older persons living with HIV.
Published: 2017

17. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Development of Metabolic Comorbid Conditions in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Author: Krahn, Thomas, Martel, Myriam, Sapir-Pichhadze, Ruth, Kronfli, Nadine, Falutz, Julian, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Lebouche, Bertrand, Klein, Marina B, Wong, Philip, Deschenes, Marc, Ghali, Peter, Sebastiani, Giada, Krahn, T, Martel, M, Sapir-Pichhadze, R, Kronfli, N, J, Falutz, G, Guaraldi, B, Lebouche, and Klein, M B
Subjects: HIV infections, FATTY liver, METABOLIC disorders, CHRONIC kidney failure, LIVER histology
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular and liver disease are main causes of death in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH). In HIV-uninfected patients, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with incident metabolic complications. We investigated the effect of NAFLD on development of metabolic comorbid conditions in PWH.Methods: We included PWH undergoing a screening program for NAFLD using transient elastography. NAFLD was defined as a controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m with exclusion of other liver diseases. Incident diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease were investigated using survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards.Results: The study included 485 HIV-monoinfected patients. During a median follow-up of 40.1 months (interquartile range, 26.5-50.7 months), patients with NAFLD had higher incidences of diabetes (4.74 [95% confidence interval, 3.09-7.27] vs 0.87 [.42-1.83] per 100 person-years) and dyslipidemia (8.16 [5.42-12.27] vs 3.99 [2.67-5.95] per 100 person-years) than those without NAFLD. With multivariable analysis, NAFLD was an independent predictor of diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.13; 95% confidence interval, 2.14-12.31) and dyslipidemia (2.35; 1.34-4.14) development.Conclusions: HIV-monoinfected patients with NAFLD are at higher risk of incident diabetes and dyslipidemia. Early referral strategies and timely management of metabolic risk may improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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18. Tesamorelin for the treatment of excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected individuals with lipodystrophy

Author: G Guaraldi, C Stentarelli, and J Faluz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, VAT, bone mineral density, ectopic fat, HIV, lipodistrophy, neurocognitive impairment, quality of life, tesamorelin, Disease, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Dosing, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Tesamorelin, Endocrinology, Clinical research, Lipodystrophy, Metabolic syndrome, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Metabolic and morphologic abnormalities in persons with HIV remain common contributors to stigma and morbidity. Increased abdominal circumference and visceral adiposity were first recognized in the late 1990s, soon after the advent of effective combination antiretroviral therapy. Visceral adiposity is commonly associated with metabolic abnormalities including low HDL-cholesterol, raised triglycerides, insulin resistance and hypertension, a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus known as ‘the metabolic syndrome’. Medline and conference abstracts were searched to identify clinical research on factors associated with visceral adiposity and randomized studies of management approaches. Data were critically reviewed by physicians familiar with the field. A range of host and lifestyle factors, as well as antiretroviral drug choice, were associated with increased visceral adiposity. Management approaches included treatment switching. Supraphysiological doses of recombinant HGH and the hGHRH tesamorelin both significantly and selectively reduce visceral fat over 12–24 weeks; however, the benefits are only maintained if dosing is continued. In summary, the prevention and management of visceral adiposity remains a substantial challenge in clinical practice.
Published: 2013
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19. Independent association of subclinical coronary artery disease and emphysema in HIV-infected patients

Author: G, Besutti, P, Raggi, S, Zona, R, Scaglioni, A, Santoro, G, Orlando, G, Ligabue, J, Leipsic, D D, Sin, S F P, Man, and G, Guaraldi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary Emphysema, Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Humans, Female, HIV Infections, Coronary Artery Disease, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, HIV, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease epidemiology, computed tomography, coronary artery calcium, emphysema, Aged
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease are inflammatory states with a significant clinical impact. The relationship between them has not been investigated in patients with HIV infection. We assessed the presence of subclinical emphysema and coronary artery disease using chest computed tomography (CT) imaging in a cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.Gated chest CT scans were performed in 1446 consecutive patients to assess the presence and severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC) (classified as a score of 0, 1-100 or 100) and emphysema (classified using a visual semiquantitative scale: 0, absent; 1-4, mild to moderate; 4, severe). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with CAC and emphysema.The emphysema score was significantly higher in patients with CAC scores of 1-100 and 100 compared with those with a CAC score of 0. After adjustments for age, sex, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, visceral adiposity and duration of HIV infection, the presence of any emphysema was significantly associated with a CAC score 0 [odds ratio (OR) 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.88; P = 0.012]. The association persisted after adjustment for the Framingham risk score (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.16-1.99; P = 0.002). There was a dose-dependent effect in the association between emphysema score and CAC score.In this cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients, there was an independent association between emphysema and CAC, after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting a common pathogenesis of these chronic inflammatory conditions in a chronic inflammatory disease such as HIV infection.
Published: 2016

20. Prevalence and predictors of sarcopenia in an HIV cohort characterized by nutrition and physical activity parameters

Author: A. Malagoli, Carla M. Prado, M. Mancini, C. Mussini, G. Guaraldi, J. Falutz, A. Caselgrandi, V. Masi, and Jordan E. Lake
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal medicine, Sarcopenia, Cohort, medicine, Physical activity, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), business, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause
Published: 2018
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21. Virological failure at one year in triple-class experienced patients switching to raltegravir-based regimens is not predicted by baseline factors

Author: R. Bucciardini, G. D'Ettorre, S. Baroncelli, G. Ceccarelli, G. Parruti, L. E. Weimer, V. Fragola, C. M. Galluzzo, M. F. Pirillo, S. Lucattini, R. Bellagamba, D. Francisci, N. Ladisa, A. Degli Antoni, G. Guaraldi, P. E. Manconi, V. Vullo, R. Preziosi, O. Cirioni, M. Floridia, VIALE, PIERLUIGI, S. Tedeschi, VERUCCHI, GABRIELLA, MANFREDI, ROBERTO, R. Bucciardini, G. D'Ettorre, S. Baroncelli, G. Ceccarelli, G. Parruti, L.E. Weimer, V. Fragola, C.M. Galluzzo, M.F. Pirillo, S. Lucattini, R. Bellagamba, D. Francisci, N. Ladisa, A. Degli Antoni, G. Guaraldi, P.E. Manconi, V. Vullo, R. Preziosi, O. Cirioni, G. Verucchi, M. Floridia, P. Viale, S. Tedeschi, and R. Manfredi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Salvage regimen, HIV, antiretroviral therapy, raltegravir, virological failure, Etravirine, HIV Infections, Raltegravir Potassium, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Antiretroviral therapy, Raltegravir, Virological failure, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Pyrrolidinones, Infectious Diseases, RNA, Viral, Female, Viral load, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Dermatology, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, hiv, salvage regimen, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Darunavir, Maraviroc, DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION, Salvage Therapy, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Concomitant drug, Settore MED/17, Atazanavir, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, business
Abstract: We evaluated rates and determinants of virological failure in triple-class experienced patients receiving raltegravir-based regimens from a national observational study over 48 weeks, defined by any one of the following: (1) no HIV-RNA suppression to undetectable levels (
Published: 2012

22. Antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy: a six-year perspective on recent trends in prescription patterns, viral load suppression, and pregnancy outcomes

Author: Silvia Baroncelli, Enrica Tamburrini, Marina Ravizza, Serena Dalzero, Cecilia Tibaldi, Enrico Ferrazzi, Gianfranco Anzidei, Marta Fiscon, Salvatore Alberico, Pasquale Martinelli, Giuseppina Placido, Giovanni Guaraldi, Carmela Pinnetti, Marco Floridia for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [Participants: M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini, P. Ortolani, F. Mori, C. Monticelli, E. R. dalle Nogare, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, M. Mazzetti, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, V. S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, B. Mariani, A. Moretti, G. Natalini, G. Guaraldi, K. Luzi, G. Nardini, A. Zoncada, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, P. Rogasi, M. P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, V. Cerri, E. Chiesa, A. Lupo, D. Repetto, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, V. Fabiano, S. Stucchi, C. Cerini, G. Placido, M. Dalessandro, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, S. Alberico, M. Bernardon, A. Meloni, D. Gariel, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Vicini, E. Periti, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, E. Tridapalli, M. Stella, S. Vagnoni, I. Strada, C. Puccetti, M. Sansone, P. Martinelli, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, L. Di Lenardo, I. Cetin, M. L. Muggiasca, V. Conserva, T. Brambilla, E. Ferrazzi, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, G. Anzidei, S. Di Giambenedetto, C. Fundarò, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, C. Pinnetti, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, M. Anceschi, A. M. Casadei, F. Montella, A. F. Cavaliere, V. Finelli, C. Riva, L. Lazier, M. Cellini, S. Garetto, G. Castelli Gattinara, A. M. Marconi, M. Ierardi, S. Foina, B. Salerio, S. Dalzero, M. Oneta, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M. F. Pirillo, R. Amici, C. M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, M. F.l.o.r.i.d.i.a. Pharmacokinetics: M. Regazzi, P. Villani, M. Cusato, Advisory Board: A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, M. Moroni, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, SIGO HIV Group National Coordinators: E. Ferrazzi, P. Martinelli], GUERRA, BRUNELLA, FALDELLA, GIACOMO, Baroncelli, S, Tamburrini, E, Ravizza, M, Dalzero, S, Tibaldi, C, Ferrazzi, E, Anzidei, G, Fiscon, M, Alberico, S, Martinelli, Pasquale, Placido, G, Guaraldi, G, Pinnetti, C., Floridia, M., Silvia Baroncelli, Enrica Tamburrini, Marina Ravizza, Serena Dalzero, Cecilia Tibaldi, Enrico Ferrazzi, Gianfranco Anzidei, Marta Fiscon, Salvatore Alberico, Pasquale Martinelli, Giuseppina Placido, Giovanni Guaraldi, Carmela Pinnetti, and Marco Floridia for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [Participants: M. Ravizza, E. Tamburrini, P. Ortolani, F. Mori, C. Monticelli, E.R. dalle Nogare, G. Sterrantino, M. Meli, S. Polemi, J. Nocentini, M. Baldini, M. Mazzetti, B. Borchi, F. Vichi, E. Pinter, E. Anzalone, V.S. Mercurio, A. Carocci, E. Grilli, A. Maccabruni, B. Mariani, A. Moretti, G. Natalini, G. Guaraldi, K. Luzi, G. Nardini, A. Zoncada, A. Degli Antoni, A. Molinari, P. Rogasi, M.P. Crisalli, A. Donisi, V. Cerri, E. Chiesa, A. Lupo, D. Repetto, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, V. Fabiano, S. Stucchi, C. Cerini, G. Placido, M. Dalessandro, A. Vivarelli, P. Castelli, F. Savalli, V. Portelli, S. Alberico, M. Bernardon, A. Meloni, D. Gariel, C. Cuboni, F. Ortu, P. Piano, A. Citernesi, I. Vicini, E. Periti, A. Spinillo, M. Roccio, A. Vimercati, B. Guerra, E. Tridapalli, M. Stella, G. Faldella, S. Vagnoni, I. Strada, C. Puccetti, M. Sansone, P. Martinelli, C. Tibaldi, L. Trentini, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, L. Di Lenardo, I. Cetin, M.L. Muggiasca, V. Conserva, T. Brambilla, E. Ferrazzi, C. Giaquinto, M. Fiscon, E. Rubino, A. Bucceri, R. Matrone, G. Scaravelli, G. Anzidei, S. Di Giambenedetto, C. Fundarò, O. Genovese, C. Cafforio, C. Pinnetti, G. Liuzzi, V. Tozzi, P. Massetti, M. Anceschi, A.M. Casadei, F. Montella, A.F. Cavaliere, V. Finelli, C. Riva, L. Lazier, M. Cellini, S. Garetto, G. Castelli Gattinara, A.M. Marconi, M. Ierardi, S. Foina, B. Salerio, S. Dalzero, M. Oneta, C. Polizzi, A. Mattei, M.F. Pirillo, R. Amici, C.M. Galluzzo, S. Donnini, S. Baroncelli, M. Floridia. Pharmacokinetics: M. Regazzi, P. Villani, M. Cusato, Advisory Board: A. Cerioli, M. De Martino, P. Mastroiacovo, M. Moroni, F. Parazzini, S. Vella, SIGO-HIV Group National Coordinators: E. Ferrazzi, and P. Martinelli]
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, antiretroviral therapy, HIV Infections, Antiviral Agents, Drug Prescriptions, Zidovudine, Young Adult, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, HIV, pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pregnancy Outcome, Lamivudine, Lopinavir, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Drug Utilization, Infectious Diseases, Nelfinavir, Italy, Immunology, HIV-1, Ritonavir, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: The aim of the study was to describe the recent trends in antiretroviral treatment in late pregnancy and the sociodemographic changes among pregnant women with HIV over the last 6 years. Data from the National Program on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy in Italy were grouped per calendar year, and changes in antiretroviral treatment, population characteristics, maternal immunovirologic status and newborn clinical parameters were analyzed. A total of 981 HIV-infected mothers who delivered between 2002 and 2008 were evaluated. The proportion of women receiving at least three antiretroviral drugs at delivery increased significantly from 63.0% in 2002 to 95.5% in 2007-2008, paralleled by a similar upward trend in the proportion of women who achieved complete viral suppression at third trimester (from 37.3 in 2002 to 80.9 in 2007-2008; p < 0.001). The co-formulation of zidovudine plus lamivudine remained the most common nucleoside backbone in pregnancy, even if a significant increase in the use of tenofovir plus emtricitabine was observed in more recent years. Starting from 2003, nevirapine prescription declined, paralleled by a significant rise in the use of protease inhibitors (PI), which were present in more than 60% of regimens administered in 2007-2008. Nelfinavir was progressively replaced by ritonavir-boosted PIs, mainly lopinavir. No significant changes in preterm delivery, Apgar score, birth weight, and birth defects were observed during the study period, and the rate of HIV transmission remained below 2%. These data demonstrate a significant evolution in the treatment of HIV in pregnancy. Constant improvements in the rates of HIV suppression were observed, probably driven by the adoption of stronger and more effective regimens and by the increasing options available for combination treatment
Published: 2009

23. Frailty in People Aging With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

Author: T. D. Brothers, S. Kirkland, G. Guaraldi, J. Falutz, O. Theou, B. L. Johnston, and K. Rockwood
Subjects: Gerontology, Aging, Anti-HIV Agents, geriatric assessment, Population, Vulnerability, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, frailty, medicine.disease_cause, chronic infectious disease, AGING, Health problems, Risk Factors, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Frail elderly, education, education.field_of_study, Life span, HIV, risk assessment, business.industry, Infectious Diseases, Risk assessment, business, Viral load
Abstract: The increasing life spans of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reflect enormous treatment successes and present new challenges related to aging. Even with suppression of viral loads and immune reconstitution, HIV-positive individuals exhibit excess vulnerability to multiple health problems that are not AIDS-defining. With the accumulation of multiple health problems, it is likely that many people aging with treated HIV infection may be identified as frail. Studies of frailty in people with HIV are currently limited but suggest that frailty might be feasible and useful as an integrative marker of multisystem vulnerability, for organizing care and for comprehensively measuring the impact of illness and treatment on overall health status. This review explains how frailty has been conceptualized and measured in the general population, critically reviews emerging data on frailty in people with HIV infection, and explores how the concept of frailty might inform HIV research and care.
Published: 2014

24. Treatment with protease inhibitors and coinfection with hepatitis C virus are independent predictors of preterm delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women

Author: M. Ravizza, P. Martinelli, A. Bucceri, S. Fiore, S. Alberico, E. Tamburrini, C. Tibaldi, G. Guaraldi, G. Anzidei, A. Maccabruni, M. P. Crisalli, M. Floridia, for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [, GUERRA, BRUNELLA, M. Ravizza, P. Martinelli, A. Bucceri, S. Fiore, S. Alberico, E. Tamburrini, C. Tibaldi, G. Guaraldi, G. Anzidei, A. Maccabruni, M. P. Crisalli, M. Floridia, for The Italian Group on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy [, B.Guerra, and ]
Subjects: Protease, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Hepatitis C virus, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Hiv infected, Immunology, Coinfection, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business, Preterm delivery
Published: 2007

25. Prevalence and Characterization of Hypogonadism among Men with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Preliminary Results

Author: V Rochira, D Santi, G Brigante, L Zirilli, C Diazzi, G Orlando, C Carani, and G Guaraldi
Published: 2010
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26. EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM INDEPENDENTLY PREDICT INCIDENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND DEATH IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS

Author: S. Zona, G. Guaraldi, Paolo Raggi, and A. Bellasi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary artery calcium, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Epicardial adipose tissue, Cardiology, Hiv infected patients, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Published: 2015
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27. Ectopic Fat is Linked to Prior Cardiovascular Events in Men With HIV

Author: O. Gabriella, Z. Stefano, and G. Guaraldi
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Immune system, business.industry, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), business, medicine.disease_cause
Published: 2012
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28. Personality disorders in eating disorders: Analisys of clinical, psycopatological and personality differences

Author: Enrico Tedeschini, G. Guaraldi, D. Bussolotti, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Laura Forcano, and X. Aguera
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, Absorption (psychology), medicine.disease, Personality disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, medicine, Personality, Harm avoidance, Temperament, Psychiatry, business, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology, media_common
Abstract: Aim:The Aims of the current study are threefold: 1) to analyze the prevalence of Personality disorders (PD) in Eating Disorders (ED); 2) to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality differences between ED with PD vs. ED without PD; 3) to compare the differential observed prevalence of PD in ED and their healthy sisters.Methods:101 ED individuals and 34 discordant healthy sisters participated in the study. All the patients were consecutively admitted to our Unit. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for ED and were female. Assessment measures included the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Symptoms Check List (SCL-90-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory-R (TCI-R), The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) as well as a number of other clinical and psychopathological indexes.Results:As the most prevalent PD in ED, we found Borderline (21,5%, specially in BN), and the Obsessive-Compulsive PD (12%; specially in AN). When compared ED+PD and ED-PD, the former showed higher general psychopathology and ED severity, but also some specific personality traits (higher harm Avoidance, p
Published: 2007
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29. Diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnancy: data from a national cohort of pregnant women with HIV in ItalyThis paper was presented in part at the 17th ANLAIDS National Conference on AIDS, Rome, 28–30 November 2003; and at the World Conference ‘Securing treatment and care for people living with HIV. Low-income countries: where are we now?’, Florence, 21–24 January 2004.

Author: M. FLORIDIA, M. RAVIZZA, E. TAMBURRINI, G. ANZIDEI, C. TIBALDI, A. MACCABRUNI, G. GUARALDI, S. ALBERICO, A. VIMERCATI, A. DEGLI ANTONI, and E. FERRAZZI
Published: 2006
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30. Nucleophilic substitutions at dicoordinated sulfur. Kinetic study of the reaction between triphenylmethylsulfenyl chloride and butylamine in benzene

Author: G. Guaraldi and E. Ciuffarin
Subjects: Butylamine, Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Kinetic energy, Biochemistry, Chloride, Sulfur, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Nucleophile, medicine, Organic chemistry, Benzene, medicine.drug
Published: 1969
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31. ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILE SUBSTITUTION AN DIKOORDINIERTEM SCHWEFEL, EINFLUSS DER AUSTRETENDEN GRUPPIERUNG AUF DIE RK. ZWISCHEN TRIPHENYLMETHYLSULFENYL-DERIVATEN UND N-BUTYLAMIN

Author: G. Guaraldi and E. Ciuffarin
Subjects: Stereochemistry, Chemistry, General Medicine
Published: 1970
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32. HBcAb Positivity Increases the Risk of Severe Hepatic Fibrosis Development in HIV/HCV-Positive Subjects from the ICONA Italian Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients

Author: Malagnino, Vincenzo, Cerva, Carlotta, Cingolani, Antonella, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, Vergori, Alessandra, Cuomo, Gianluca, Perno, Carlo Federico, Puoti, Massimo, d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Andreoni, Massimo, Sarmati, Loredana, d’Arminio Monforte (President), Icona Fundation Study Group. Board of Directors: A., Antinori (Vice-President), A., Andreoni, M., Castagna, A., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Marchetti, G. C., Rezza, G., von Schloesser, F., d’Arminio Monforte, P. Viale. Scientific Secretary: A., Antinori, A., Ceccherinisilberstein, F., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Girardi, E., Gori, A., Lo Caputo, S., Maggiolo, F., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Antinori, C. F. Perno. Steering Committee: A., Bai, F., Bandera, A., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Cicalini, S., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., d’Arminio Monforte, A., Di Biagio, A., Gagliardini, R., Gianotti, N., Guaraldi, G., Lapadula, G., Lichtner, M., Lai, A., Madeddu, G., Marchetti, G., Merlini, E., Nozza, S., Perno, C. F., Piconi, S., Pinnetti, C., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Saracino, A., Sarmati, L., Spagnuolo, V., Svicher, V., Taramasso, L., Cozzi-Lepri, Statistical and Monitoring Team: A., Fanti, I., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodanó, A., Macchia, M., Bove, A. Tavelli. Community Advisory Board: A., Camposeragna, A., Errico, M., Manfredini, M., Perziano, A., Carletti, V. Calvino. Biological Bank INMI: F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petroni, F., Prota, G., Giacometti, S. Truffa. Participating Physicians and Centers: Italy: A., Costantini, A., Barocci (Ancona), V., Angarano, G., Monno, L., Milano (Bari), E., F. Maggiolo, C. Suardi (Bergamo), Viale, P., Donati, V., Verucchi (Bologna), G., Castelnuovo, F., Minardi, C., Quiros Roldan (Brescia), E., B. Menzaghi, C. Abeli (Busto Arsizio), L. Chessa, F. Pes (Cagliarti), B. Cacopardo, B. Celesia (Catania), J. Vecchiet, K. Falasca (Chieti), A. Pan, S. Lorenzotti (Cremona), L. Sighinolfi, D. Segala (Ferrara), P. Blanc, F. Vichi (Firenze), Cassola, G., Bassetti, M., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello (Genova), G., M. Lichtner, L. Fondaco (Latina), P. Bonfanti, C. Molteni (Lecco), A. Chiodera, P. Milini (Macerata), G. Nunnari, G. Pellicanò (Messina), Rizzardini, G., Cannizzo, E. S., Moioli, M. C., Piolini, R., Bernacchia, D., Poli, A., Tincati (Milano), C., C. Mussini, C. Puzzolante (Modena), C. Migliorino, G. Lapadula (Monza), Sangiovanni, V., Borgia, G., Esposito, V., Di Flumeri, G., Gentile, I., Rizzo (Napoli), V., A. M. Cattelan, S. Marinello (Padova), A. Cascio, M. Trizzino (Palermo), D. Francisci, E. Schiaroli (Perugia), G. Parruti, F. Sozio (Pescara), C. Lazzaretti, R. Corsini (Reggio Emilia), Cristaudo, A., Vullo, V., Acinapura, R., Lamonica, S., Capozzi, M., Mondi, A., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Onnelli, G., Plazzi, M. M., De Girolamo, G., Vergori (Roma), A., M. Cecchetto, F. Viviani (Rovigo), G. Madeddu, A. De Vito (Sassari), B. Rossetti, F. Montagnani (Siena), A. Franco, R. Fontana Del Vecchio (Siracusa), Di Giuli (Terni), C., Caramello, P., Orofino, G. C., Sciandra (Torino), M., Londero (Udine), A., V. Manfrin, G. Battagin (Vicenza), G. Starnini, A. Ialungo (Viterbo)., Malagnino, V, Cerva, C, Cingolani, A, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Vergori, A, Cuomo, G, Perno, C, Puoti, M, D'Arminio Monforte, A, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Andreoni, M, Sarmati, L, Malagnino, V., Cerva, C., Cingolani, A., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Vergori, A., Cuomo, G., Perno, C. F., Puoti, M., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Andreoni, M., Sarmati, L., ICONA Foundation Study, Group, Castagna, A., Malagnino V., Cerva C., Cingolani A., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Vergori A., Cuomo G., Perno C.F., Puoti M., D'Arminio Monforte A., Cozzi-Lepri A., Andreoni M., and Sarmati L.A Castagna, F Castelli, R Cauda, G Di Perri, M Galli, R Iardino, G Ippolito, A Lazzarin, G C Marchetti, G Rezza, F von Schloesser, E Girardi, A Gori, S Lo Caputo, F Maggiolo, F Bai, A Bandera, S Bonora, M Borderi, A Calcagno, M R Capobianchi, S Cicalini, P Cinque, A Di Biagio, R Gagliardini, N Gianotti, G Guaraldi, G Lapadula, M Lichtner, A Lai, S Lo Caputo, G Madeddu, G Marchetti, E Merlini, C Mussini, S Nozza, S Piconi, C Pinnetti, E Quiros Roldan, R Rossotti, S Rusconi, M M Santoro, A Saracino, V Spagnuolo, V Svicher, L Taramasso, I Fanti, L Galli, P Lorenzini, A Rodanó, M Macchia, A Tavelli, A Bove, A Camposeragna, M Errico, M Manfredini, A Perziano, V Calvino, F Carletti, S Carrara, A Di Caro, S Graziano, F Petroni, G Prota, S Truffa, A Giacometti, A Costantini, V Barocci, G Angarano, L Monno, E Milano, C Suardi, V Donati, G Verucchi, F Castelnuovo, C Minardi, B Menzaghi, C Abeli, L Chessa, F Pes, B Cacopardo, B Celesia, J Vecchiet, K Falasca, A Pan, S Lorenzotti, L Sighinolfi, D Segala, P Blanc, F Vichi, G Cassola, M Bassetti, A Alessandrini, N Bobbio, G Mazzarello, M Lichtner, L Fondaco, P Bonfanti, C Molteni, A Chiodera, P Milini, G Nunnari, G Pellicanò, , G Rizzardini, E S Cannizzo, M C Moioli, R Piolini, D Bernacchia, A Poli, C Tincati, C Puzzolante, C Migliorino, G Lapadula, V Sangiovanni, G Borgia, V Esposito, G Di Flumeri, I Gentile, V Rizzo, A M Cattelan, S Marinello, A Cascio, M Trizzino, D Francisci, E Schiaroli, G Parruti, F Sozio, C Lazzaretti, R Corsini, A Antinori, A Cristaudo, V Vullo, R Acinapura, S Lamonica, M Capozzi, A Mondi, M Rivano Capparuccia, G Iaiani, A Latini, G Onnelli, M M Plazzi, G De Girolamo, M Cecchetto, F Viviani, G Madeddu, A De Vito, B Rossetti, F Montagnani, A Franco, R Fontana Del Vecchio, C Di Giuli, P Caramello, G C Orofino, M Sciandra, A Londero, V Manfrin, G Battagin, G Starnini, A Ialungo
Subjects: HBsAg, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis C virus, Liver fibrosis, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), OBI, medicine.disease_cause, anti-HBc, HBV, HIV/HBV coinfection, liver fibrosis, Gastroenterology, Major Articles, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Hiv infected patients, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hepatitis B virus, business.industry, liver fibrosi, virus diseases, Settore MED/17, digestive system diseases, Anti-HBc, HIV-HBV coinfection, HBV, Liver fibrosis, OBI, Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, HIV-HBV coinfection, Oncology, Cohort, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Hepatic fibrosis
Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of anti-HBc (HBcAb) positivity on the progression of liver fibrosis (Fibrosis-4 score >3.25) in the Italian cohort of HIV-infected individuals naïve to antiretroviral treatment (ICONA). Methods All patients with FIB-4 Results Patients who were HBcAb+/HCV-/HBs antigen (HBsAg)- and HCV+/HBcAb+/HBsAg- or HBsAg+/HBcAb+/HCV- had CD4+ cell counts below the nadir and significantly higher prevalence of AIDS diagnosis at baseline than the other groups (P < .0001). A Cox regression model adjusted for age, HIV transmission mode, country of birth, and alcohol consumption showed a higher relative risk (HR) of progression to FIB-4 >3.25 in HCV+/HBcAb+/HBsAg- patients (HR, 7.2; 95% CI, 3 8–13.64). Conclusions HBcAb+ contributes to liver damage in HIV+/HCV+/HBcAb+/HBsAg- subjects. A careful monitoring for signs of previous HBV infection is needed in this kind of patients.
Published: 2021

33. Virological response and retention in care according to time of starting ART in Italy: data from the Icona Foundation Study cohort

Author: D'Arminio Monforte, A., Tavelli, A., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Castagna, A., Passerini, S., Francisci, D., Saracino, A., Maggiolo, F., Lapadula, G., Girardi, E., Perno, C. F., Antinori, A., Andreoni, M., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Marchetti, G. C., Rezza, G., Von Schloesser, F., Viale, P., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Lo Caputo, S., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Bai, F., Balotta, C., Bandera, A., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Capetti, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Cicalini, S., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., De Luca, A., Di Biagio, A., Gianotti, N., Gori, A., Guaraldi, G., Lichtner, M., Madeddu, G., Marchetti, G., Monno, L., Nozza, S., Pinnetti, C., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Sarmati, L., Fanti, I., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodano, A., Macchia, M., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petroni, F., Prota, G., Truffa, S., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Barocci, V., Angarano, G., Milano, E., Suardi, C., Donati, V., Verucchi, G., Castelnuovo, F., Minardi, C., Menzaghi, B., Abeli, C., Cacopardo, B., Celesia, B., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Pan, A., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolfi, L., Segala, D., Blanc, P., Vichi, F., Cassola, G., Viscoli, C., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello, G., Fondaco, L., Bonfanti, P., Molteni, C., Chiodera, A., Milini, P., Nunnari, G., Pellicano, G., Rizzardini, G., Cannizzo, E. S., Moioli, M. C., Piolini, R., Bernacchia, D., Salpietro, S., Tincati, C., Puzzolante, C., Migliorino, C., Sangiovanni, V., Borgia, G., Esposito, V., Di Flumeri, G., Gentile, I., Rizzo, V., Cattelan, A. M., Marinello, S., Cascio, A., Trizzino, M., Schiaroli, E., Parruti, G., Sozio, F., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Cristaudo, A., Vullo, V., Acinapura, R., Moschese, D., Capozzi, M., Mondi, A., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Gagliardini, R., Plazzi, M. M., De Girolamo, G., Vergori, A., Cecchetto, M., Viviani, F., De Vito, A., Rossetti, B., Montagnani, F., Franco, A., Fontana Del Vecchio, R., Di Giuli, C., Caramello, P., Orofino, G. C., Sciandra, M., Bassetti, M., Londero, A., Manfrin, V., Battagin, G., Starnini, G., Ialungo, A., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Tavelli, A., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Castagna, A., Passerini, S., Francisci, D., Saracino, A., Maggiolo, F., Lapadula, G., Girardi, E., Perno, C. F., Antinori, A., Andreoni, M., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Galli, M., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Lazzarin, A., Marchetti, G. C., Rezza, G., Von Schloesser, F., Viale, P., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Lo Caputo, S., Mussini, C., Puoti, M., Bai, F., Balotta, C., Bandera, A., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Capetti, A., Capobianchi, M. R., Cicalini, S., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., De Luca, A., Di Biagio, A., Gianotti, N., Gori, A., Guaraldi, G., Lichtner, M., Madeddu, G., Marchetti, G., Monno, L., Nozza, S., Pinnetti, C., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Sarmati, L., Fanti, I., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodano, A., Macchia, M., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petroni, F., Prota, G., Truffa, S., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Barocci, V., Angarano, G., Milano, E., Suardi, C., Donati, V., Verucchi, G., Castelnuovo, F., Minardi, C., Menzaghi, B., Abeli, C., Cacopardo, B., Celesia, B., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Pan, A., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolfi, L., Segala, D., Blanc, P., Vichi, F., Cassola, G., Viscoli, C., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello, G., Fondaco, L., Bonfanti, P., Molteni, C., Chiodera, A., Milini, P., Nunnari, G., Pellicano, G., Rizzardini, G., Cannizzo, E. S., Moioli, M. C., Piolini, R., Bernacchia, D., Salpietro, S., Tincati, C., Puzzolante, C., Migliorino, C., Sangiovanni, V., Borgia, G., Esposito, V., Di Flumeri, G., Gentile, I., Rizzo, V., Cattelan, A. M., Marinello, S., Cascio, A., Trizzino, M., Schiaroli, E., Parruti, G., Sozio, F., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Cristaudo, A., Vullo, V., Acinapura, R., Moschese, D., Capozzi, M., Mondi, A., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Gagliardini, R., Plazzi, M. M., De Girolamo, G., Vergori, A., Cecchetto, M., Viviani, F., De Vito, A., Rossetti, B., Montagnani, F., Franco, A., Fontana Del Vecchio, R., Di Giuli, C., Caramello, P., Orofino, G. C., Sciandra, M., Bassetti, M., Londero, A., Manfrin, V., Battagin, G., Starnini, G., Ialungo, A., A d'Arminio Monforte, A Antinori, M Andreoni, A Castagna, F Castelli, R Cauda, G Di Perri, M Galli, R Iardino, G Ippolito, A Lazzarin, G C Marchetti, G Rezza, F von Schloesser, F Ceccherini-Silberstein, A Cozzi-Lepri, E Girardi, S Lo Caputo, C Mussini, M Puoti, C F Perno, F Bai, C Balotta, A Bandera, S Bonora, M Borderi, A Calcagno, A Capetti, M R Capobianchi, S Cicalini, A Cingolani, P Cinque, , A Di Biagio, N Gianotti, A Gori, G Guaraldi, G Lapadula, M Lichtner, G Madeddu, F Maggiolo, L Monno, S Nozza, C Pinnetti, E Quiros Roldan, R Rossotti, S Rusconi, M M Santoro, A Saracino, L Sarmati, I Fanti, L Galli, P Lorenzini, A Rodano', M Macchia, A Tavelli, F Carletti, S Carrara, A Di Caro, S Graziano, F Petroni, G Prota, S Truffa, A Giacometti, A Costantini, V Barocci, G Angarano, E Milano, C Suardi, V Donati, G Verucchi, F Castelnuovo, C Minardi, B Menzaghi, C Abeli, B Cacopardo, B Celesia, J Vecchiet, K Falasca, A Pan, S Lorenzotti, L Sighinolfi, D Segala, P Blanc, F Vichi, G Cassola, C Viscoli, A Alessandrini, N Bobbio, G Mazzarello, L Fondaco, P Bonfanti, C Molteni, A Chiodera, P Milini, G Nunnari, G Pellicanò, G Rizzardini, E S Cannizzo, M C Moioli, R Piolini, D Bernacchia, S Salpietro, C Tincati, C Puzzolante, C Migliorino, V Sangiovanni, G Borgia, V Esposito, G Di Flumeri, I Gentile, V Rizzo, A M Cattelan, S Marinello, A Cascio, M Trizzino, D Francisci, E Schiaroli, G Parruti, F Sozio, G Magnani, M A Ursitti, A Cristaudo, V Vullo, R Acinapura, D Moschese, M Capozzi, A Mondi, M Rivano Capparuccia, G Iaiani, A Latini, R Gagliardini, M M Plazzi, G De Girolamo, A Vergori, M Cecchetto, F Viviani, A De Vito, B Rossetti, F Montagnani, A Franco, R Fontana Del Vecchio, C Di Giuli, P Caramello, G C Orofino, M Sciandra, M Bassetti, A Londero, V Manfrin, G Battagin, G Starnini, A Ialungo, D'Arminio Monforte, A, Tavelli, A, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Castagna, A, Passerini, S, Francisci, D, Saracino, A, Maggiolo, F, Lapadula, G, Girardi, E, Perno, C, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Di Perri, G, Galli, M, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, Marchetti, G, Rezza, G, Von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Lo Caputo, S, Mussini, C, Puoti, M, Bai, F, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Capetti, A, Capobianchi, M, Cicalini, S, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, De Luca, A, Di Biagio, A, Gianotti, N, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lichtner, M, Madeddu, G, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Pinnetti, C, Quiros Roldan, E, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, Santoro, M, Sarmati, L, Fanti, I, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano, A, Macchia, M, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Di Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petroni, F, Prota, G, Truffa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Milano, E, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Minardi, C, Menzaghi, B, Abeli, C, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolfi, L, Segala, D, Blanc, P, Vichi, F, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Fondaco, L, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicano, G, Rizzardini, G, Cannizzo, E, Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, Di Flumeri, G, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, Rivano Capparuccia, M, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, Plazzi, M, De Girolamo, G, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, De Vito, A, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, Fontana Del Vecchio, R, Di Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofino, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Manfrin, V, Battagin, G, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, D'Arminio Monforte A., Tavelli A., Cozzi-Lepri A., Castagna A., Passerini S., Francisci D., Saracino A., Maggiolo F., Lapadula G., Girardi E., Perno C.F., Antinori A., Andreoni M., Castelli F., Cauda R., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Marchetti G.C., Rezza G., Von Schloesser F., Viale P., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Lo Caputo S., Mussini C., Puoti M., Bai F., Balotta C., Bandera A., Bonora S., Borderi M., Calcagno A., Capetti A., Capobianchi M.R., Cicalini S., Cingolani A., Cinque P., De Luca A., Di Biagio A., Gianotti N., Gori A., Guaraldi G., Lichtner M., Madeddu G., Marchetti G., Monno L., Nozza S., Pinnetti C., Quiros Roldan E., Rossotti R., Rusconi S., Santoro M.M., Sarmati L., Fanti I., Galli L., Lorenzini P., Rodano A., MacChia M., Carletti F., Carrara S., Di Caro A., Graziano S., Petroni F., Prota G., Truffa S., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Barocci V., Angarano G., Milano E., Suardi C., Donati V., Verucchi G., Castelnuovo F., Minardi C., Menzaghi B., Abeli C., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolfi L., Segala D., Blanc P., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Fondaco L., Bonfanti P., Molteni C., Chiodera A., Milini P., Nunnari G., Pellicano G., Rizzardini G., Cannizzo E.S., Moioli M.C., Piolini R., Bernacchia D., Salpietro S., Tincati C., Puzzolante C., Migliorino C., Sangiovanni V., Borgia G., Esposito V., Di Flumeri G., Gentile I., Rizzo V., Cattelan A.M., Marinello S., Cascio A., Trizzino M., Schiaroli E., Parruti G., Sozio F., Magnani G., Ursitti M.A., Cristaudo A., Vullo V., Acinapura R., Moschese D., Capozzi M., Mondi A., Rivano Capparuccia M., Iaiani G., Latini A., Gagliardini R., Plazzi M.M., De Girolamo G., Vergori A., Cecchetto M., Viviani F., De Vito A., Rossetti B., Montagnani F., Franco A., Fontana Del Vecchio R., Di Giuli C., Caramello P., Orofino G.C., Sciandra M., Bassetti M., Londero A., Manfrin V., Battagin G., Starnini G., and Ialungo A.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, diagnosis, hiv, communicable diseases, HIV Infections, Logistic regression, Virological response, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Retention in Care, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, cd4 count determination procedure, drug, suppression, Viral Load, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Humans, Italy, Anti-HIV Agents, virology, Infectious Diseases, blood hiv rna, Cohort, hiv, cd4 count determination procedure, communicable diseases, incomeitaly, diagnosis, virology, blood hiv rna, retention in care, incomeitaly, Viral load, HIV, ART, Cohort study, Human, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, antiretroviral therapy, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, HIV viral load, Internal medicine, HIV, CD4, ART, Pharmacology, business.industry, double blind, Anti-HIV Agent, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy, double blind, initiation, suppression, infection, Retention in care, 030112 virology, infection, initiation, Observational study, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract: Objectives To describe: (i) factors associated with rapid and delayed ART initiation; (ii) rates of 12 week virological response; and (iii) virologically controlled retention in care by 1 year from ART initiation according to timing of start in a real-life setting. Methods All individuals in the Icona cohort diagnosed with HIV in 2016–17 who initiated ART were grouped according to the time between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation: Group 1, ≤7 days; Group 2, 8–14 days; Group 3, 15–30 days; Group 4, 31–120 days; and Group 5, >120 days. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with: (i) the probability of rapid (Group 1) and very delayed (Group 5) ART initiation; (ii) the 12 week virological response (by a modified snapshot algorithm); and (iii) the probability of retention in care at 1 year (on ART with HIV-RNA Results A total of 1247 individuals were included [82 (6.6%) in Group 1, 115 (9.2%) in Group 2, 267 (21.4%) in Group 3, 641 (51.4%) in Group 4 and 142 (11.4%) in Group 5]. Main predictors of rapid ART start (Group 1) were low CD4 cell count and high HIV-RNA at first contact with the infectious diseases centre. There was no association between probability of virological response and timing of ART initiation. Overall, 90% of individuals remained on ART after 1 year, 91% with undetectable HIV-RNA. Participants of Italian nationality, those with higher CD4 cell count and lower HIV-RNA at ART initiation were more likely to be retained in care after 1 year. Conclusions In our high-income observational setting, we did not observe differences in the 1 year rate of virological response and retention in care according to timing of ART initiation.
Published: 2020

34. Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation among naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART in the ICONA cohort

Author: Taramasso, L., Lorenzini, P., Di Biagio, A., Lichtner, M., Marchetti, G., Rossotti, R., Lapadula, G., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Vichi, F., Antinori, A., Bonora, S., D'Arminio Monforte, A., ICONA Foundation Study Group:, A d'Arminio Monforte, Antinori, A, Andreoni, M, Castagna, A, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, G Di Perri, Galli, M, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, C Marchetti, G, Rezza, G, F von Schloesser, Viale, P, A d'Arminio Monforte, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Girardi, E, S Lo Caputo, Mussini, C, Puoti, M, F Perno, C, Bai, F, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Capetti, A, R Capobianchi, M, Cicalini, S, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, A De Luca, A Di Biagio, Gianotti, N, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lapadula, G, Lichtner, M, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Marchetti, G, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Pinnetti, C, QUIROS ROLDAN, Maria Eugenia, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, M Santoro, M, Saracino, A, Sarmati, L, Fanti, I, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano', A, Macchia, M, Tavelli, A, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, A Di Caro, Graziano, S, Petroni, F, Prota, G, Truffa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Milano, E, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Minardi, C, Menzaghi, B, Abeli, C, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolfi, L, Segala, D, Blanc, P, Vichi, F, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Vita, S, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicanò, G, Rizzardini, G, S Cannizzo, E, C Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, F Di Martino, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, M Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Baldelli, F, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, A Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, M Rivano Capparuccia, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, M Plazzi, M, Savinelli, S, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, A De Vito, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, R Fontana Del Vecchio, Francisci, D, C Di Giuli, Caramello, P, C Orofino, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Pellizzer, G, Manfrin, V, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, Taramasso, L, Lorenzini, P, Di Biagio, A, Lichtner, M, Marchetti, G, Rossotti, R, Lapadula, G, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Vichi, F, Antinori, A, Bonora, S, D'Arminio Monforte, A, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Andreoni, M, Castagna, A, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Di Perri, G, Galli, M, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, Marchetti, Gc, Rezza, G, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Girardi, E, Lo Caputo, S, Mussini, C, Puoti, M, Perno, Cf, Bai, F, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Capetti, A, Capobianchi, Mr, Cicalini, S, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, De Luca, A, Gianotti, N, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Pinnetti, C, Quiros Roldan, E, Rusconi, S, Santoro, Mm, Saracino, A, Sarmati, L, Fanti, I, Galli, L, Rodano', A, Macchia, M, Tavelli, A, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Di Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petroni, F, Prota, G, Truffa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Milano, E, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Minardi, C, Menzaghi, B, Abeli, C, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolfi, L, Segala, D, Blanc, P, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Vita, S, Bonfanti, P, Molteni, C, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Nunnari, G, Pellicanò, G, Rizzardini, G, Cannizzo, E, Moioli, Mc, Piolini, R, Bernacchia, D, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Migliorino, C, Sangiovanni, V, Borgia, G, Esposito, V, Di Martino, F, Gentile, I, Rizzo, V, Cattelan, Am, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Trizzino, M, Baldelli, F, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, Ma, Cristaudo, A, Vullo, V, Acinapura, R, Moschese, D, Capozzi, M, Mondi, A, Capparuccia, Mr, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Gagliardini, R, Plazzi, Mm, Savinelli, S, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, De Vito, A, Rossetti, B, Montagnani, F, Franco, A, Fontana Del Vecchio, R, Francisci, D, Di Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofino, Gc, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Pellizzer, G, Manfrin, V, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, Taramasso L., Lorenzini P., Di Biagio A., Lichtner M., Marchetti G., Rossotti R., Lapadula G., Cozzi-Lepri A., Vichi F., Antinori A., Bonora S., Cascio A., D'Arminio Monforte A., Cascio A. in ICONA Foundation Study Group., Taramasso, L., Lorenzini, P., Di Biagio, A., Lichtner, M., Marchetti, G., Rossotti, R., Lapadula, G., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Vichi, F., Antinori, A., Bonora, S., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Castagna, A., and A d'Arminio Monforte,i, M Andreoni, A Castagna, F Castelli, R Cauda, G Di Perri, M Galli, R Iardino, G Ippolito, A Lazzarin, G Rezza, F von Schloesser, F Ceccherini-Silberstein, E Girardi, S Lo Caputo, C Mussini, M Puoti, C F Perno, F Bai, C Balotta, A Bandera, M Borderi, A Calcagno, A Capetti, M R Capobianchi, S Cicalini, A Cingolani, P Cinque, A De Luca, E Girardi, N Gianotti, A Gori, G Guaraldi, G Madeddu, F Maggiolo, L Monno, S Nozza, C Pinnetti, E Quiros Roldan, S Rusconi, M M Santoro, A Saracino, L Sarmati, I Fanti, A Rodano', M Macchia, A Tavelli, F Carletti, S Carrara, A Di Caro, S Graziano, F Petroni, G Prota, S Truffa, A Giacometti, A Costantini, V Barocci, G Angarano, L Monno, E Milano, F Maggiolo, C Suardi, P Viale, V Donati, G Verucchi, F Castelnuovo, C Minardi, B Menzaghi, C Abeli, B Cacopardo, B Celesia, J Vecchiet, K Falasca, A Pan, S Lorenzotti, L Sighinolfi, D Segala, P Blanc, G Cassola, C Viscoli, A Alessandrini, N Bobbio, G Mazzarello, S Vita, P Bonfanti, C Molteni, A Chiodera, P Milini, G Nunnari, G Pellicanò, G Rizzardini, E S Cannizzo, M C Moioli, R Piolini, D Bernacchia, S Salpietro, C Tincati, C Puzzolante, C Migliorino, V Sangiovanni, G Borgia, V Esposito, F Di Martino, I Gentile, V Rizzo, A M Cattelan, S Marinello, A Cascio, M Trizzino, F Baldelli, E Schiaroli, G Parruti, F Sozio, G Magnani, M A Ursitti, A Cristaudo, V Vullo, R Acinapura, D Moschese, M Capozzi, A Mondi, M Rivano Capparuccia, G Iaiani, A Latini, R Gagliardini, M M Plazzi, S Savinelli, A Vergori, M Cecchetto, F Viviani, G Madeddu, A De Vito, B Rossetti, F Montagnani, A Franco, R Fontana Del Vecchio, D Francisci, C Di Giuli, P Caramello, G C Orofino, M Sciandra, M Bassetti, A Londero, G Pellizzer, V Manfrin, G Starnini, A Ialungo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Integrase inhibitor, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, HIV Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, hivh epatitis c rna surface antigens follow-up homosexuality integrase inhibitors hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus measurement hiv infections hepatotoxicity hepatitis c virus coinfection nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors cox proportional hazards models baseline value liver enzyme raltegravir, Pharmacology (medical), HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Coinfection, Incidence (epidemiology), Liver Disease, Incidence, Liver Diseases, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Middle Aged, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Population study, Regression Analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, medicine.drug, Human, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Regression Analysi, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Protease Inhibitor, Pharmacology, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, business.industry, Anti-HIV Agent, HIV, ART, HIV Protease Inhibitors, medicine.disease, Raltegravir, 030112 virology, HIV Integrase Inhibitor, Prospective Studie, HIV-1, business, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Coinfection, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Hepatitis C, HIV Infections, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Protease Inhibitors, HIV-1, Humans, Incidence, Liver Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Risk Factors
Abstract: ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevations (LEE) in patients initiating first-line ART in the ICONA prospective observational cohort, between June 2009 and December 2017.Patients and methodsIn total, 6575 ART-naive patients were selected, initiating two NRTIs with the third drug being a boosted PI (n=2436; 37.0%), an NNRTI (n=2384; 36.3%) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (n=1755; 26.7%). HBV surface antigen and HCV RNA were detected in 3.9% and 5.8% of the study population. Inverse probability weighted Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the HRs, according to first-line regimen, for LEE, defined as ALT or AST increases of ≥2.5× upper limit of normal (ULN) for patients with normal baseline values or ≥2.5× baseline for patients with higher baseline values.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-three LEE occurred over 20722 patient-years of follow-up. After adjusting for the main confounders, the risk of LEE halved with INSTIs compared with NNRTIs (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86), with a significant reduction in the raltegravir group (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.84 using the NNRTI class as reference). HRs for LEE were significantly higher in subjects with HBV or HCV coinfection, in patients with poorly controlled HIV infection and in those who acquired HIV through homosexual transmission.ConclusionsIn our study, INSTI use almost halved the risk of LEE compared with other regimens. This finding could be particularly important for choosing ART in patients with risk factors for liver toxicity such as HCV and HBV coinfections.
Published: 2019

35. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling in HIV-infected pregnant women: a multicentre case series

Author: Floridia M, Masuelli G, Meloni A, Cetin I, Tamburrini E, Cavaliere AF, Dalzero S, Sansone M, Alberico S, Guerra B, Spinillo A, Chiadò Fiorio Tin M, Ravizza M, Mori F, Ortolani P, Dalle Nogare ER, Di Lorenzo F, Sterrantino G, Meli M, Polemi S, Nocentini J, Baldini M, Montorzi G, Mazzetti M, Rogasi P, Borchi B, Vichi F, Del Pin B, Pinter E, Anzalone E, Marocco R, Mastroianni C, Mercurio VS, Carocci A, Grilli E, Maccabruni A, Zaramella M, Mariani B, Natalini Raponi G, Guaraldi G, Nardini G, Stentarelli C, Beghetto B, Degli Antoni AM, Molinari A, Crisalli MP, Donisi A, Piepoli M, Cerri V, Zuccotti G, Giacomet V, Coletto S, Di Nello F, Madia C, Placido G, Vivarelli A, Castelli P, Savalli F, Portelli V, Sabbatini F, Francisci D, Bernini L, Grossi P, Rizzi L, Maso G, Airoud M, Soppelsa G, Dedoni M, Cuboni C, Ortu F, Piano P, Citernesi A, Bordoni Vicini I, Luzi K, Roccio M, Vimercati A, Miccolis A, De Gennaro A, Cervi F, Simonazzi G, Margarito E, Capretti MG, Marsico C, Faldella G, Martinelli P, Agangi A, Capone A, Maruotti GM, Tibaldi C, Trentini L, Todros T, Frisina V, Brambilla T, Savasi V, Personeni C, Giaquinto C, Fiscon M, Rubino E, Bucceri A, Matrone R, Scaravelli G, Genovese O, Cafforio C, Pinnetti C, Liuzzi G, Tozzi V, Massetti P, Casadei AM, Cellini M, Castelli Gattinara G, Marconi AM, Sacchi V, Ierardi M, Polizzi C, Mattei A, Pirillo MF, Amici R, Galluzzo CM, Donnini S, Baroncelli S, Villani P, Cusato M, Cerioli A, De Martino M, Mastroiacovo P, Parazzini F, Vella S., Floridia M, Masuelli G, Meloni A, Cetin I, Tamburrini E, Cavaliere AF, Dalzero S, Sansone M, Alberico S, Guerra B, Spinillo A, Chiadò Fiorio Tin M, Ravizza M, and Mori F, Ortolani P, Dalle Nogare ER, Di Lorenzo F, Sterrantino G, Meli M, Polemi S, Nocentini J, Baldini M, Montorzi G, Mazzetti M, Rogasi P, Borchi B, Vichi F, Del Pin B, Pinter E, Anzalone E, Marocco R, Mastroianni C, Mercurio VS, Carocci A, Grilli E, Maccabruni A, Zaramella M, Mariani B, Natalini Raponi G, Guaraldi G, Nardini G, Stentarelli C, Beghetto B, Degli Antoni AM, Molinari A, Crisalli MP, Donisi A, Piepoli M, Cerri V, Zuccotti G, Giacomet V, Coletto S, Di Nello F, Madia C, Placido G, Vivarelli A, Castelli P, Savalli F, Portelli V, Sabbatini F, Francisci D, Bernini L, Grossi P, Rizzi L, Maso G, Airoud M, Soppelsa G, Dedoni M, Cuboni C, Ortu F, Piano P, Citernesi A, Bordoni Vicini I, Luzi K, Roccio M, Vimercati A, Miccolis A, De Gennaro A, Cervi F, Simonazzi G, Margarito E, Capretti MG, Marsico C, Faldella G, Martinelli P, Agangi A, Capone A, Maruotti GM, Tibaldi C, Trentini L, Todros T, Frisina V, Brambilla T, Savasi V, Personeni C, Giaquinto C, Fiscon M, Rubino E, Bucceri A, Matrone R, Scaravelli G, Genovese O, Cafforio C, Pinnetti C, Liuzzi G, Tozzi V, Massetti P, Casadei AM, Cellini M, Castelli Gattinara G, Marconi AM, Sacchi V, Ierardi M, Polizzi C, Mattei A, Pirillo MF, Amici R, Galluzzo CM, Donnini S, Baroncelli S, Villani P, Cusato M, Cerioli A, De Martino M, Mastroiacovo P, Parazzini F, Vella S.
Subjects: Infectious Disease Transmission, Prenatal diagnosis, HIV Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, Birth defect, Pregnancy, Odds Ratio, Vertical, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education.field_of_study, Amniocentesi, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, Obstetrics, Infectious, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amniocentesis, birth defects, chorionic villus sampling, HIV, invasive testing, mother-to child HIV transmission, pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis, Birth defects, Chorionic villus sampling, Invasive testing, Mother-to child HIV transmission, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Chorionic Villi Sampling, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Prenatal diagnosi, Population, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, education, Fetal Death, Analysis of Variance, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Pregnancy Complications, business, Chi-squared distribution
Abstract: Objectives To assess in pregnant women with HIV the rates of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), and the outcomes associated with such procedures. Design Observational study. Data from the Italian National Program on Surveillance on Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy were used. Setting University and hospital clinics. Population Pregnant women with HIV. Methods Temporal trends were analysed by analysis of variance and by the Chi-square test for trend. Quantitative variables were compared by Student's t-test and categorical data by the Chi-square test, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated. Main outcome measures Rate of invasive testing, intrauterine death, HIV transmission. Results Between 2001 and 2015, among 2065 pregnancies in women with HIV, 113 (5.5%) had invasive tests performed. The procedures were conducted under antiretroviral treatment in 99 cases (87.6%), with a significant increase over time in the proportion of tests performed under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (100% in 2011–2015). Three intrauterine deaths were observed (2.6%), and 14 pregnancies were terminated because of fetal anomalies. Among 96 live newborns, eight had no information available on HIV status. Among the remaining 88 cases with either amniocentesis (n = 75), CVS (n = 12), or both (n = 1), two HIV transmissions occurred (2.3%). No HIV transmission occurred among the women who were on HAART at the time of invasive testing, and none after 2005. Conclusions The findings reinforce the assumption that invasive prenatal testing does not increase the risk of HIV vertical transmission among pregnant women under suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Tweetable abstract No HIV transmission occurred among women who underwent amniocentesis or CVS under effective anti-HIV regimens.
Published: 2016
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36. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is the Major Determinant of Steatosis and Hepatitis C Virus of Insulin Resistance in Virus-associated Fatty Liver Disease

Author: Federica Carli, Giovanni Guaraldi, Stefano Ballestri, Lucia Carulli, Chiara Stentarelli, Paola Loria, Alberto Roverato, Gabriella Orlando, Stefano Zona, Amedeo Lonardo, G. Guaraldi, A. Lonardo, S. Ballestri, S. Zona, C. Stentarelli, G. Orlando, F. Carli, L. Carulli, A. Roverato, and P. Loria
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hepatitis C virus, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Insulin resistance, non-alcholic fatty liver, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, insulin resistance, Fatty liver, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Co-infection, Human immunodeficiency virus, Coinfection, business.industry, fibrosis, NASH, HIV, virus diseases, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, HCV, viral load, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Immunology, Linear Models, Female, Insulin Resistance, Steatosis, Metabolic syndrome, business, Viral load
Abstract: Background and Aims To promote our understanding of the relative contribution of metabolic and viral factors, the independent predictors of fatty liver and insulin resistance (IR) were assessed by comparing patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to individuals with virus-associated fatty liver disease (VAFLD): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-VAFLD, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-VAFLD and HIV-HCV-VAFLD. Methods One hundred eighty eight consecutive patients with viral infections (103 HIV, 85 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection: 45 mono-infected and 40 HIV/HCV co-infected) with or without steatosis and 126 NAFLD patients were analyzed. Steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. To assess the odds ratio (OR) of steatosis and IR, HCV and NAFLD, respectively, were used as the reference values. IR was evaluated through homeostasis model (HOMA) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) using standard criteria. Results The prevalence of VAFLD was 47%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out using HCV as the reference. VAFLD was predicted by HIV, HIV/HCV, female gender, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA (OR = 3.99, 3.76, 2.80, 1.08 and 1.18). According to multiple linear regression using NAFLD as the reference, IR was predicted by HCV, HIV and HIV/HCV, WC, triglycerides (coefficient beta = 2.25, 0.99, 1.86, 0.08, 0.05, respectively). In linear models, for any given number of components of MetS, HCV and HCV/HIV-associated fatty liver disease had greater HOMA compared to NAFLD (p Conclusions Whereas HIV confers a higher risk of steatosis, VAFLD is associated with higher IR than NAFLD and such an effect is specifically linked to HCV rather than to HIV infection.
Published: 2011
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37. Le Lingue A Scuola: La Didattica Del Latino Nell’Ottica Dell’Educazione Linguistica Comparativa E Inclusiva

Author: IOVINO, ROSSELLA, A. Cardinaletti, E. Genovese, E. Ghidoni, G. Guaraldi, F. Santulli, and Iovino, Rossella
Subjects: Settore L-LIN/01 - Glottologia e Linguistica
Published: 2014

38. HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy for characterization of steatosic liver: fat quantification for a spectroscopic differentiation between steatosis and steatohepatitis

Author: Valeria Righi, Stentarelli, C., Guaraldi, G., Zona, S., Ligabue, G., Busetti, G., Loria, P., Losi, L., Nocetti, L., VITALIANO TUGNOLI, Schenetti, L., Mucci, A., V. Righi, C. Stentarelli, G. Guaraldi, S. Zona, G. Ligabue, G. Busetti, P. Loria, L. Losi, L. Nocetti, V. Tugnoli, L. Schenetti, and A. Mucci.
Subjects: STEATOHEPATITIS, Liver, STEATOSIS, HR-MAS NMR, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, METABOLITES, Steatosic liver
Published: 2011

39. HHV-6A in syncytial giant-cell hepatitis

Author: Giorgio Enrico Gerunda, Patrizia Barozzi, Monica Pecorari, Stefania Cocchi, Marinella Portolani, Mario Luppi, William Gennari, Fabrizio Di Benedetto, Giuseppe Torelli, Mauro Codeluppi, Thomas F. Schulz, Michele Masetti, Giovanni Guaraldi, Giulio Rossi, Leonardo Potenza, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Maria Paola Landini, L. Potenza, M. Luppi, P. Barozzi, G. Rossi, S. Cocchi, M. Codeluppi, M. Pecorari, M. Masetti, F. Di Benedetto, W. Gennari, M. Portolani, G.E. Gerunda, T. Lazzarotto, M.P. Landini, T.F. Schulz, G. Torelli, and G. Guaraldi
Subjects: Adult, Graft Rejection, Male, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Herpesvirus 6, Human, Roseolovirus Infections, Liver transplantation, Opportunistic Infections, Antibodies, Viral, Giant Cells, Antibodies, Serology, Hepatitis, Disease Transmission, Virus latency, Caroli Disease, DNA, Viral, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Viral Load, Virus Latency, Medicine (all), Medicine, Herpesvirus 6, Viral, HERPES VIRUS 6, biology, business.industry, Infectious, virus diseases, DNA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Giant cell, Immunology, Human herpesvirus 6, business, Viral load, Human
Abstract: Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis is a rare but severe form of hepatitis that is associated with autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, and viral infections. We used serologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical methods to search for an infectious cause in a case of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis that developed in a liver-transplant recipient who had latent infection with variant B of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6B) and who had received the organ from a donor with variant A latent infection (HHV-6A). At the onset of the disease, the detection of HHV-6A (but not HHV-6B) DNA in plasma, in affected liver tissue, and in single micromanipulated syncytial giant cells with the use of two different polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays indicated the presence of active HHV-6A infection in the patient. Expression of the HHV-6A-specific early protein, p41/38, but not of the HHV-6B-specific late protein, p101, was demonstrated only in liver syncytial giant cells in the absence of other infectious pathogens. The same markers of HHV-6A active infection were documented in serial follow-up samples from the patient and disappeared only at the resolution of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis. Neither HHV-6B DNA nor late protein was identified in the same follow-up samples from the patient. Thus, HHV-6A may be a cause of syncytial giant-cell hepatitis.
Published: 2008

40. Prevalence and Correlates of Frailty Among Older Adults Living With HIV in the CHANGE HIV Cohort.

Author: Zhabokritsky A, Klein M, Harris M, Loutfy M, Guillemi S, Tan DHS, Falutz J, Andany N, Guaraldi G, Lovblom LE, and Walmsley S
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Prevalence, Cross-Sectional Studies, Canada epidemiology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cohort Studies, Aged, 80 and over, HIV Infections epidemiology, Frailty epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Advancements in treatment have resulted in improved survival among people living with HIV. However, additional years of life are not necessarily spent in good health, as frailty tends to develop at a younger age among people living with HIV. We set out to examine the prevalence of frailty and its correlates among older adults living with HIV in Canada, with a primary interest in nadir CD4 count., Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV) study, a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV aged 65 years or older. Participants were assessed using the Fried Frailty Phenotype at cohort entry, and those meeting ≥3 criteria were characterized as frail. We used Poisson regression with robust standard errors to estimate the association between nadir CD4 count and frailty, as well as age, gender, time since HIV diagnosis, comorbidities, marital status, and loneliness., Results: Among 439 participants included in this analysis (median age 69 years, interquartile ranges 67-73), prevalence of frailty was 16.6%. Frailty was not associated with nadir CD4 count. Not being in a relationship (aRR 2.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.30) and greater degree of loneliness (aRR 1.25 per 10 point increase on UCLA loneliness scale, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.44) were associated with frailty., Conclusions: Frailty occurred in 16.6% of older adults living with HIV in this cohort. While nadir CD4 count did not correlate with frailty, being single and lonely did, highlighting the importance of recognizing and addressing these social vulnerabilities among people aging with HIV., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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41. The UN Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-30) for people living with HIV.

Author: Guaraldi G, Milic J, Gnoatto Perondi E, Rodrigues Gonçalves AC, Mussini C, de Avila Vitoria MA, and Cesari M
Subjects: Humans, United Nations, Global Health, Aging, HIV Infections psychology, Healthy Aging
Abstract: The Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-30; the Decade), proclaimed by the UN in 2020, is a global initiative aimed at fostering collaborations to transform the world into a better place to live and grow older in. The Decade presents a positive vision of ageing, discarding the stereotypes of diseases and disabilities and promoting focus on capacities and abilities. This approach will help to foster a more inclusive world and, consequently, care systems, which value the dignity of each individual. Although the initiative represents a resource for the global population, the Decade also provides a unique opportunity for the large community of people living with HIV in terms of increased visibility and long-term solutions for their specific ageing-related health issues. This Personal View focuses on the relevance of the Decade in improving the lives of people in the HIV community, the rationale for a stronger engagement of people living with HIV in this initiative, and the potential to reduce global disparities between the HIV community and the general population and among different global regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests GG and CM received research grants and speakers honoraria from Gilead, ViiV, Merck, and Janssen and are on the advisory boards of Gilead, ViiV, and Merck. JM received speakers honoraria from Gilead and ViiV. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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42. Sarcopenic obesity and reduced BMD in young men living with HIV: body composition and sex steroids interplay.

Author: De Vincentis S, Greco C, Fanelli F, Decaroli MC, Diazzi C, Mezzullo M, Milic J, De Santis MC, Roli L, Pagotto U, Guaraldi G, and Rochira V
Subjects: Humans, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Prospective Studies, Gonadal Steroid Hormones blood, Testosterone blood, Prevalence, Estradiol blood, Sarcopenia epidemiology, Sarcopenia blood, Sarcopenia diagnosis, Body Composition physiology, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity complications, Obesity physiopathology, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, Bone Density physiology
Abstract: Purpose: Sex steroids play a key role on male bone homeostasis and body composition (BC), their role in men living with HIV (MLWH) is less recognized. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of low BMD, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) and their relationship with sex steroids in MLWH aged < 50., Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study on MLWH younger than 50 (median age 47.0 years). BC and BMD were evaluated with DXA. Two different definitions of sarcopenia were applied: appendicular lean mass/height 2 (ALMI) < 7.26 kg/m 2 or appendicular lean mass/body weight (ALM/W) < 28.27%. Low BMD was defined for Z-score < -2.0. Sarcopenia coupled with obesity identified SO. Serum total testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured by LC-MS/MS; free testosterone (cFT) was calculated by Vermeulen equation., Results: Sarcopenia was detected in 107 (34.9%) and 44 (14.3%) out of 307 MLWH according to ALMI and ALM/W, respectively. The prevalence of SO was similar by using both ALMI (11.4%) and ALM/W (12.4%). Sarcopenic and SO MLWH had lower total T and cFT in both the definition for sarcopenia. BMD was reduced in 43/307 (14.0%). Serum E2 < 18 pg/mL was an independent contributing factor for sarcopenia, SO, and low BMD., Conclusions: T and E2 are important determinants of BC even in MLWH. This is among the first studies investigating the distribution of obesity phenotypes and the prevalence of SO among MLWH showing that SO is present in 11-12% of enrolled MLWH regardless of the definition used. However, deep differences emerged using two different diagnostic definitions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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43. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis exhibits sex differences in people with HIV.

Author: Kablawi D, Milic J, Thomas T, Fotsing Tadjo T, Cinque F, Elgretli W, Gioè C, Lebouché B, Tsochatzis E, Finkel J, Bhagani S, Cascio A, Guaraldi G, Mazzola G, Saeed S, and Sebastiani G
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Sex Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Fatty Liver, Liver Cirrhosis metabolism, Viral Load, Risk Factors, HIV Infections complications
Abstract: Objectives: People with HIV are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Although sex differences are documented in the general population, their role in the context of HIV is less understood., Methods: This was a multicentre cohort study including people with HIV without viral hepatitis coinfection. A FibroScan-AST (FAST) score >0.35 was used to diagnose MASH with significant liver fibrosis (stage F2-F4). We investigated sex-based differences in MASH trends as a function of age using a segmented linear mixed-effects model. Random effects accounted for clustering by the four sites. Adjusted models included ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, and detectable HIV viral load., Results: We included 1472 people with HIV (25% women). At baseline, the prevalence of MASH with fibrosis by FAST score was lower in women than in men (4.8% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.008). Based on the adjusted model, male sex (+0.034; p = 0.04), age per year (+0.003; p = 0.05), detectable HIV viral load (+0.034; p = 0.02), and hypertension (+0.03; p = 0.01) were positively associated with MASH with fibrosis. Although men exhibited generally higher FAST scores, FAST scores increased in women during the critical biological age of presumed perimenopause to menopause (between 40 and 50 years), reaching levels similar to those in men by the age of 55 years., Conclusion: Despite women with HIV having a lower prevalence of MASH with fibrosis than men, they exhibit an acceleration in FAST score increase around the perimenopausal age. Future studies should target adequate consideration of sex differences in clinical investigation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease to fill current gaps and implement precision medicine for people with HIV., (© 2024 The Author(s). HIV Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British HIV Association.)
Published: 2024
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44. Steatotic liver disease and HIV: an agenda for 2030.

Author: Pericàs JM, Arora AK, Riebensahm C, Jiménez-Masip A, Ramírez Mena A, White TM, Dedes N, Guaraldi G, Berzigotti A, Wandeler G, Bansal MB, Navarro J, and Lazarus JV
Subjects: Humans, Risk Factors, Fatty Liver epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health, Comorbidity, Social Stigma, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections complications
Abstract: People living with HIV are particularly susceptible to developing metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and other forms of SLD. However, people living with HIV have been historically excluded from clinical trials and large cohort studies of SLD. Therefore, our understanding of the risk factors and natural history of SLD in this population is poor. Moreover, relevant knowledge gaps on the epidemiology and barriers for adequate health care, such as stigma, hamper adequate responses to the ongoing HIV and SLD syndemic. This Viewpoint provides a comprehensive perspective on how to tackle SLD in people living with HIV by examining the role of social determinants of health in the development of liver disease and metabolic syndrome comorbidities among this population, emphasising the importance of prioritising SLD management, summarising the most urgent needs in the field, and offering recommendations for advancing research to fill key data gaps and protect liver health of people living with HIV., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests JMP reports having received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD and Novo Nordisk. He has received speaking fees from Gilead, Intercept, and Novo Nordisk, and travel expenses from Gilead, Rubió, Pfizer, Astellas, MSD, CUBICIN, and Novo Nordisk. He has received educational and research support from Madrigal, Gilead, Pfizer, Astellas, Accelerate, Novartis, AbbVie, ViiV, and MSD. CR reports honoraria for speaking activities from ViiV Healthcare. GG reports speaking fees from ViiV Healthcare. AB acknowledges having received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and speaking fees by GE Healthcare and Hologic. GW received research grants from Gilead Sciences and Roche Diagnostics. MBB has received grant support from National Institute of Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pfizer, The Kinetix Group, Histoindex, and serves as a consultant for The Kinetix Group, Madrigal, Pfizer, Theratechnologies, Fibronostics, Novo Nordisk, and GSK. JN has received honoraria, speaking fees, and financial support for attending conferences from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV Healthcare, and consulting fees from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Cilag, and Merck Sharp & Dohme, outside the submitted work. JVL acknowledges grants from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Madrigal, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics; speaker fees from AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer; and consulting fees from Echosens, NovoVax, GSK, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer, all outside the current work. JVL also acknowledges participation on the advisory board for the “Same-visit hepatitis C testing and treatment to accelerate cure among people who inject drugs (The QuickStart Study): a cluster randomised control trial–Australia” trial; had roles in the following committees: Member, European Association for the Study of the Liver, Public Health and Policy Committee; Healthy Livers, Health Livers (formed by AASLD, ALEH, APASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver) Global NASH Council; and was the Co-chair of HIV Outcomes. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)
Published: 2024
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45. The effect of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on liver fibrosis progression and regression in people with HIV.

Author: Guaraldi G, Milic J, Renzetti S, Motta F, Cinque F, Bischoff J, Desilani A, Conti J, Medioli F, Del Monte M, Kablawi D, Elgretli W, Calza S, Mussini C, Rockstroh JK, and Sebastiani G
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections complications, Liver Cirrhosis, Weight Gain, Disease Progression, Fatty Liver pathology
Abstract: Objective: People with HIV (PWH) have high risk of liver fibrosis. We investigated the effect of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on liver fibrosis dynamics., Design: Multicenter cohort study., Methods: Fibrosis progression was defined as development of significant fibrosis [liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥8 kPa], or transition to cirrhosis (LSM ≥13 kPa), for those with significant fibrosis at baseline. Fibrosis regression was defined as transition to LSM less than 8 kPa, or to LSM less than 13 kPa for those with cirrhosis at baseline. MASLD was defined as hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter >248 dB/m) with at least one metabolic abnormality. A continuous-time multistate Markov model was used to describe transitions across fibrosis states., Results: Among 1183 PWH included from three centers (25.2% with viral hepatitis coinfection), baseline prevalence of significant fibrosis and MASLD was 14.4 and 46.8%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 2.5 years (interquartile range 1.9-3.5), the incidence rate of fibrosis progression and regression was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-3.4] and 2.2 (95% CI 1.9-2.6) per 100 person-years, respectively. In Markov model, weight gain increased the odds of fibrosis progression [odds ratio (OR) 3.11, 95% CI 1.59-6.08], whereas weight gain (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.84) and male sex (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.75) decreased the odds of fibrosis regression. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, predictors of fibrosis progression were weight gain [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.12, 95% CI 1.41-6.90] and MASLD (aHR 2.72, 95% CI 1.05-7.02)., Conclusion: Fibrosis transitions are driven by metabolic health variables in PWH, independently of viral hepatitis coinfection and antiretroviral class therapy., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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46. Inclusive healthcare in light of the new MASLD guidelines: Should people living with HIV be screened for liver fibrosis?

Author: Sebastiani G, Cinque F, Cascio A, Rockstroh JK, and Guaraldi G
Abstract: Competing Interests: Conflict of interest Giada Sebastiani has acted as speaker for Merck, Gilead, Abbvie, Novo Nordisk, served as an advisory board member for Merck, Novo Nordisk, Gilead, and has received unrestricted research funding from Theratecnologies Inc. Juergen Rockstroh consults for Gallapagos, Abivax, Gilead, Merck, ViiV and Janssen. Giovanni Guaraldi advised and received grants from Gilead, ViiV, and Merck. He received grants from Janssen. Felice Cinque and Antonio Cascio have nothing to declare. Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.
Published: 2024
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47. Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.

Author: Batterham RL, Bedimo RJ, Diaz RS, Guaraldi G, Lo J, Martínez E, McComsey GA, Milinkovic A, Naito T, Noe S, O'Shea D, Paredes R, Schapiro JM, Sulkowski MS, Venter F, Waters L, Yoruk IU, and Young B
Subjects: Humans, Delphi Technique, Risk Factors, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, Consensus, Cardiovascular Diseases
Abstract: Objectives: To develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts., Methods: A targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in workshops and completed surveys to refine consensus data statements and generate clinical recommendations., Results: Overall, 10 data statements, five data gaps and 14 clinical recommendations achieved consensus. In the data statements, the panel describes increased risk of cardiometabolic health concerns in people with HIV compared with the general population, known risk factors, and the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy. The panel also identified data gaps to inform future research in people with HIV. Finally, in the clinical recommendations, the panel emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to comprehensive care that includes regular assessment of cardiometabolic health, access to cardiometabolic health services, counselling on potential changes in weight after initiating or switching antiretroviral therapy and encouraging a healthy lifestyle to lower cardiometabolic health risk., Conclusions: On the basis of available data and expert consensus, an international panel developed clinical recommendations to address the increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders in people with HIV to ensure appropriate cardiometabolic health management for this population., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)
Published: 2024
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48. SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID-19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort.

Author: Fursa O, Bannister W, Neesgaard B, Podlekareva D, Kowalska J, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Reekie J, Rasmussen LD, Aho I, Guaraldi G, Staub T, Miro JM, Laporte JM, Elbirt D, Trofimova T, Sedlacek D, Matulionyte R, Oprea C, Bernasconi E, Hadžiosmanović V, Mocroft A, and Peters L
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Europe epidemiology, Adult, Middle Aged, COVID-19 Testing statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 Testing methods, Cohort Studies, Risk Factors, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Aged, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 diagnosis, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: Although people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described., Methods: We described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and with ever testing positive., Results: Of 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3-26.1) had a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central-Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm 3 , and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9-4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID-19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe)., Conclusions: We observed large heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe., (© 2024 The Authors. HIV Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British HIV Association.)
Published: 2024
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49. Association between respiratory distress time and invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients: A multicentre regional cohort study.

Author: Busani S, Coloretti I, Baciarello M, Bellini V, Sarti M, Biagioni E, Tonelli R, Marchioni A, Clini E, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Meschiari M, Tonetti T, Pisani L, Nava S, Bignami E, Ranieri MV, and Girardis M
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Time Factors, Italy epidemiology, Respiratory Distress Syndrome therapy, SARS-CoV-2, Cohort Studies, Intensive Care Units, Retrospective Studies, COVID-19 therapy, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 mortality, Respiration, Artificial methods, Respiration, Artificial statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Aim: To determine whether the duration of respiratory distress symptoms in severe COVID-19 pneumonia affects the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and clinical outcomes., Materials and Methods: An observational multicentre cohort study of patients hospitalised in five COVID-19-designated ICUs of the University Hospitals of Emilia-Romagna Region. Patients included were adults with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio <300 mmHg, respiratory distress symptoms, and need for mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Exclusion criteria were an uncertain time of respiratory distress, end-of-life decision, and mechanical respiratory support before hospital admission., Measurements and Main Results: We analysed 171 patients stratified into tertiles according to respiratory distress duration (distress time, DT) before application of mechanical ventilation support. The rate of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly different (p < 0.001) among the tertiles: 17/57 patients in the shortest duration, 29/57 in the intermediate duration, and 40/57 in the longest duration. The respiratory distress time significantly increased the risk of invasive ventilation in the univariate analysis (OR 5.5 [CI 2.48-12.35], p = 0.003). Multivariable regression analysis confirmed this association (OR 10.7 [CI 2.89-39.41], p < 0.001). Clinical outcomes (mortality and hospital stay) did not show significant differences between DT tertiles., Discussion: Albeit preliminary and retrospective, our data raised the hypothesis that the duration of respiratory distress symptoms may play a role in COVID-19 patients' need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, our observations suggested that specific strategies may be directed towards identifying and managing early symptoms of respiratory distress, regardless of the levels of hypoxemia and the severity of the dyspnoea itself., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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50. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An opportunity for collaboration between cardiology and hepatology.

Author: Raggi P, Milic J, Manicardi M, Cinque F, Swain MG, Sebastiani G, and Guaraldi G
Subjects: Humans, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease metabolism, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease therapy, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, Cardiology methods, Gastroenterology methods
Abstract: Altered metabolic function has many detrimental effects on the body that can manifest as cardiovascular and liver diseases. Traditional approaches to understanding and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated disorders have been organ-centered, leading to silo-type disease care. However, given the broad impact that systemic metabolic dysfunction has on the human body, approaches that simultaneously involve multiple medical specialists need to be developed and encouraged to optimize patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight how several of the treatments developed for cardiac care may have a beneficial effect on the liver and vice versa, suggesting that there is a need to target the disease process, rather than specifically target the cardiovascular or liver specific sequelae of metabolic dysfunction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest GG received research grants from Gilead, ViiV, MERCK, Jansen and Pfizer; attended advisory boards and received speaker honoraria from Gilead, ViiV, MERCK and Pfizer. JM received speaker honoraria from Gilead and ViiV. MGS has served as an advisor for Gilead, Ipsen, Advanz, Pfizer, Roche, Abbott and Novo Nordisk; as speaker for Abbott; and has received clinical trial or research grant support from Gilead, BMS, CymaBay, Intercept, Genfit, Pfizer, Ipsen, Novartis, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Celgene, Novo Nordisk, Axcella Health Inc., Merck, Galectin Therapeutics, Calliditas Therapeutics, AbbVie, Kowa. Giada Sebastiani has acted as speaker for Merck, Gilead, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, served as an advisory board member for Pfizer, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Gilead, and has received unrestricted research funding from Theratecnologies Inc. PR is a member of the advisory board of Amgen, Novo Nordisk, and Novartis., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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