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Purpose: To characterize the risk of revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) among patients with a history of lumbar fusion undergoing primary hip arthroscopy., Methods: We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, an administrative database including all ambulatory and inpatient surgery encounters in New York, to identify all patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement between 2010 and 2020. Patients with previous lumbar fusion were identified using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, coding definitions. Patients with and without previous fusion were matched in a 1:5 ratio according to age and comorbidity burden. The number of levels fused was defined in the following fashion: (1) no fusion, (2) 1-2 levels, or (3) ≥3 levels. Patients were followed for 2 years to evaluate the rate of revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to THA. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to measure the association between number of levels fused and revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to THA., Results: Between 2010 and 2020, there were 23,277 patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy in New York state. Of these, 348 (1.4%) had a previous lumbar fusion. After matching for age and comorbidities, the composite rate of revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to THA was greater in patients with previous lumbar fusion compared with patients without (16.5% vs 8.5%; P < .001). This risk increased with the number of levels fused (1-2 levels: 15.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.6; vs ≥3 levels: 26.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.7-7.0)., Conclusions: Patients with a history of lumbar fusion had significantly greater rates of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to THA compared with patients without previous fusion. The risk of revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to THA was increased approximately 2-fold in patients with 1 to 2 levels fused and 3-fold in patients with 3 or more levels fused., Level of Evidence: Level III, prognostic retrospective matched comparative case series., Competing Interests: Disclosures All authors (A.C., K.Y., M.H.N., T.I., G.G., A.S.R.) declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The battle against the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a heightened state of vigilance in global healthcare, leading to the proliferation of diverse sanitization methods. Among these approaches, germicidal lamps utilizing ultraviolet (UV) rays, particularly UV-C (wavelength ranging from 280 to 100 nm), have gained prominence for domestic use. These light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are designed to sanitize the air, objects, and surfaces. However, the prevailing concern is that these UV lamps are often introduced into the market without adequate accompanying information to ensure their safe utilization. Importantly, exposure to absorbed UV light can potentially trigger adverse biological responses, encompassing cell death and senescence. Our research encompassed a series of investigations aimed at comprehending the biological repercussions of UV-C radiation exposure from readily available domestic lamps. Our focus centered on epithelial retinal cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, components of the skin and ocular targets frequently exposed to UV irradiation. Our findings underscore the potential harm associated with even brief exposure to UV, leading to irreversible and detrimental alterations in both skin cells and retinal cells of the eye. Notably, epithelial retinal cells exhibited heightened sensitivity, marked by substantial apoptosis. In contrast, keratinocytes demonstrated resilience to apoptosis even at elevated UV doses, though they were prone to senescence. Meanwhile, fibroblasts displayed a gradual amplification of both senescence and apoptosis as radiation doses escalated. In summary, despite the potential benefits offered by UV-C in deactivating pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, it remains evident that the concurrent risks posed by UV-C to human health cannot be ignored.

Although the current literature reports an acceptable rate of complications with the use of a perineal post in hip arthroscopy, they are still possible and preventable. The purpose of this study was to survey International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA) members on their use of postless distraction in hip arthroscopy. A 19-question survey was emailed to hip preservation surgeons that are members of ISHA. The questions examined surgeons' location, experience, utilization of a perineal post or postless distraction and any complications they may have encountered. In all, 145 respondents completed the survey. Regarding complications encountered when using a perineal post, the most frequent responses were temporary nerve damage (115, 80.6%), temporary genitourinary complications (39, 27%), temporary genital skin injury (35, 24%) and permanent nerve injury (12, 8%). Regarding the postless technique, of the 60 respondents who noted they have utilized postless distraction, 9 (15%) reported complications, with 7 (12%) reporting temporary nerve damage being the most common and 0 reporting cases of permanent nerve injury. These were statistically significantly less than those reported with a perineal post. Ninety-seven percent reported that after utilizing postless distraction, their patients were recovering better than or the same as when using a perineal post. This survey had excellent international participation by experienced hip arthroscopists. There were a statistically significantly decreased number of complications reported by the surgeons utilizing postless distraction. This survey highlights that postless distraction is being done successfully with lower reported complications and excellent patient recovery., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Several investigations on senescence and its causative role in aging have underscored the importance of developing senotherapeutics, a field focused on killing senescent cells and/or preventing their accumulation within tissues. Using polyphenols in counteracting senescence may facilitate the development of senotherapeutics given their presence in the human diet, their confirmed tolerability and absence of severe side effects, and their role in preventing senescence and inducing the death of senescent cells. Against that background, we evaluated the effect of piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, on the senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which play a key role in the body's homeostasis. Among our results, piceatannol reduced the number of senescent cells both after genotoxic stress that induced acute senescence and in senescent replicative cultures. Such senotherapeutics activity, moreover, promoted the recovery of cell proliferation and the stemness properties of MSCs. Altogether, our findings demonstrate piceatannol's effectiveness in counteracting senescence by targeting its associated pathways and detecting and affecting P53-dependent and P53-independent senescence. Our study thus suggests that, given piceatannol's various mechanisms to accomplish its pleiotropic activities, it may be able to counteract any senescent phenotypes.

Senescent cells secrete several molecules, collectively named senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In the SASP of cells that became senescent following several in vitro chemical and physical stress, we identified the IGFBP-4 protein that can be considered a general stress mediator. This factor appeared to play a key role in senescence-paracrine signaling. We provided evidences showing that genotoxic injury, such as low dose irradiation, may promote an IGFBP-4 release in bloodstream both in mice irradiated with 100 mGy X-ray and in human subjects that received Computer Tomography. Increased level of circulating IGFBP-4 may be responsible of pro-aging effect. We found a significant increase of senescent cells in the lungs, heart, and kidneys of mice that were intraperitoneally injected with IGFBP-4 twice a week for two months. We then analyzed how genotoxic stressors may promote the release of IGFBP-4 and the molecular pathways associated with the induction of senescence by this protein., Competing Interests: NA, TS, GD, GG, RD, MM, GP, UG No competing interests declared, (© 2020, Alessio et al.)

Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation (IR) (>0.5 Gy) negatively affects health, but less is known about the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Recent evidence suggests that it may have profound effects on cellular functions. People are commonly exposed to LDIR over natural background levels from numerous sources, including LDIR from medical diagnosis and therapy, air travel, illegal IR waste dumpsites, and occupational exposures in the nuclear and medical sectors. Stem cells reside for long periods of time in our bodies, and this increases the possibility that they may accumulate genotoxic damage derived from extrinsic LDIR or intrinsic sources (such as DNA replication). In this review, we provide an overview of LDIR effects on the biology of stem cell compartments. The principal findings and issues reported in the scientific literature are discussed in order to present the current understanding of the LDIR exposure risk and assess whether it may impact human health. We first consider the general biological consequences of LDIR exposure. Following this, we discuss the effects of LDIR on stem cells as discovered through in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem Cells 2018;36:1146-1153., (© AlphaMed Press 2018.)

The literature on sero-epidemiological studies of flaviviral infections in the African continent is quite scarce. Much of the viral epidemiology studies have been focussing on diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of their sheer magnitude and impact on the lives of people in the various affected countries. Increasingly disease outbreaks caused by arboviruses such as the recent cases of chikungunya virus, dengue virus and yellow fever virus have prompted renewed interest in studying these viruses. International agencies from the US, several EU nations and China are starting to build collaborations to build capacity in many African countries together with established institutions to conduct these studies. The Tofo Advanced Study Week (TASW) was established to bring the best scientists from the world to the tiny seaside town of Praia do Tofo to rub shoulders with African virologists and discuss cutting-edge science and listen to the work of researchers in the field. In 2015 the 1st TASW focussed on Ebola virus. The collections of abstracts from participants at the 2nd TASW which focused on Dengue and Zika virus as well as presentations on other arboviruses are collated in this chapter.

The use of high-linear energy transfer charged particles is gaining attention as a medical tool because of the emission of radiations with an efficient cell-killing ability. Considerable interest has developed in the use of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of micrometastases. Moreover, the use of helium beams is gaining momentum, especially for treating pediatric tumors. We analyzed the effects of alpha particles on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have a subpopulation of stem cells capable of generating adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Further, these cells contribute toward maintenance of homeostasis in the body. MSCs were irradiated with low and high doses of alpha particles or X-rays and a comparative biological analysis was performed. At a low dose (40 mGy), alpha particles exhibited a limited negative effect on the biology of MSCs compared with X-rays. No significant perturbation of cell cycle was observed, and a minimal increase in apoptosis or senescence was detected. Self-renewal was preserved as revealed by the CFU assay. On the contrary, with 2000 mGy alpha particles, we observed adverse effects on the vitality, functionality, and stemness of MSCs. These results are the consequence of different proportion of cells targeted by alpha particles or X-rays and the quality of induced DNA damage. The present study suggests that radiotherapy with alpha particles may spare healthy stem cells more efficaciously than X-ray treatments, an observation that should be taken into consideration by physicians while planning irradiation of tumor areas close to stem cell niches, such as bone marrow. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2993-3002, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: Voluntary shoulder instability is characterized by a patient's ability to sublux their shoulder using selective muscle contraction and relaxation. High failure rates exist with open shoulder stabilization in this group of patients. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes for patients with voluntary instability treated arthroscopically., Methods: All patients with voluntary instability from 2006 to 2008 treated with arthroscopic stabilization were included. All patients had documentation of preoperative and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire score, visual analogue scale of pain, simple shoulder test, and range of motion. Subjective satisfaction and return to sport was also determined., Results: Ten patients were identified for inclusion in the study. The average age of the 5 male and 5 female patients was 16.2 ± 2.33 years. Average clinical follow-up period was 31 ± 6.5 months. Visual analogue scale scores improved from 5.33 ± 3.50 preoperatively to 1.44 ± 2.0 postoperatively, ASES scores improved from 52.2 ± 18.7 to 85.9 ± 14.9 and simple shoulder test improved from 8.17 ± 3.19 to 11.4 ± 1.01. All of the functional evaluation scores improved postoperatively (P < 0.05). There was no case of postoperative dislocation or subluxation, all reported excellent subjective outcome, and all those who played sports returned to their previous level., Conclusions: Good and excellent outcomes can be obtained with arthroscopic stabilization for patients with voluntary instability. Improved results from previous reports may be related to improved patient selection, surgical technique, and postoperative rehabilitation. Although long-term follow-up and comparative studies are necessary, arthroscopic stabilization seems to be an acceptable treatment option for patients who fail nonoperative treatment., Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series, retrospective review.

Advances in the ability to treat various soft-tissue and osseous pathologic conditions of the hip arthroscopically have been predicated on an improved exposure of the pathology of the central, peripheral, and peritrochanteric compartments. The management of the capsule is critical and must allow for an improved exposure without compromising stability and kinematics of the hip. Described approaches have included capsulectomy, limited capsulotomy, extensile capsulotomy, capsular plication, and capsular shift. The selected approach must consider various factors, including symptomatic complaints, underlying hyperlaxity, specific mechanical pathology, and surgical expertise. Universally using a single technique without consideration of the complex mechanical and anatomic factors unique to each patient may result in incomplete treatment of the pathoanatomy or iatrogenic instability. This article reviews the anatomy of the hip capsule and provide a diagnosis-based consideration of capsular management during hip arthroscopy. The senior author's preferred techniques are also presented., (Copyright © 2011 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Vinorelbine (VRN) is one of the most representative compounds of its class: the vinca alkaloids. VRN interferes with microtubule assembly. VRN shows a better therapeutic index than the parent compound vincristine and vinblastine probably because of its higher affinity for mitotic microtubules. VNR high affinity for mitotic microtubules causes a high clinical efficacy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and for breast cancer (BC), together with a good tolerability at therapeutically effective doses. The vinca alkaloids are structurally similar compounds comprised of 2 multiringed units, vindoline and catharanthine. Unlike other vinca alkaloids, the catharanthine unit is the site of structural modification for VRN. The antitumor activity of VNR is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Like other vinca alkaloids, VNR may also interfere with: 1) amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism, 2) calmodulin-dependent Ca²⁺-transport ATPase activity, 3) cellular respiration, and 4) nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. The VNR is also characterized by improved hematologic tolerance and less neurotoxicity compared to parent compound. The aim of this review is 1) to explore the efficacy and tolerability of VNR in cancer therapy and 2) to examine the more recent approaches to improve the efficacy and tolerability of VNR in cancer therapy.

We previously demonstrated that quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with strong antioxidant properties, was able to enhance programmed cell death in HPB-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line, derived from a human tymoma, when associated with the agonistic anti-CD95 monoclonal antibody. Here, we report that HPB-ALL cells are normally resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis, and quercetin is able to sensitize this cell line through a mechanism independent of its antioxidant properties. In fact, other compounds structurally and functionally similar to quercetin, when associated with anti-CD95 antibody did not induce any CD95-mediated apoptosis, still maintaining their antioxidant capacity. We found that quercetin effects are mediated by the activation of PKCalpha. Treatment of HPB-ALL cells with quercetin slightly decreased PKCalpha activity, but when the flavonoid was associated with anti-CD95, the kinase activity increased by 12-fold with respect to the treatment with quercetin. In addition, overexpression of PKCalpha induced programmed cell death in the absence of any additional stimulus, while a kinase-defective mutant of PKCalpha was ineffective. Our data confirm the involvement of specific PKC isoforms in CD95 signaling and suggest, for the first time, that quercetin targets this pathway increasing apoptogenic response in a cell line resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis.