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Currently, there is enough data to suggest a significant role of microcirculation abnormalities in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. However, no clinical studies on noninvasive assessment of blood microcirculation in patients with the new coronavirus infection have been performed. We measured skin microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry in the thermal and inspiratory gasp tests in 3 patients with various courses of COVID-19. A decrease in the skin microcirculation reactivity was found in a patient with a more severe course of coronavirus infection. We believe that assessment of skin microcirculation could become a promising tool for the development of new diagnostic approaches and in future of new treatments for patients with coronavirus infection, as well as for identification of patient categories with a high risk of its severe course. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical applicability of laser Doppler flowmetry for assessment of skin microcirculation in patients with COVID-19.

Rationale: An increase in vascular tone is believed to be a major factor leading to arterial hypertension (AH). There are no means for a direct measurement of the vascular tone in clinical practice. Perfusion assessment by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) allows for an indirect evaluation of the vascular tone of the microcirculation system. Perfusion is assessed by the change in blood flow per unit of time in the given area. Therefore, this parameter should be inversely correlated with vascular tone. Aim: To compare the forearm skin perfusion measured by LDF in patients with AH and healthy volunteers with normal blood pressure, and to review the feasibility of this parameter for the assessment of the microvasculature tone.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in two groups: group one, patients with AH (n = 43; age 62 [57; 71] years), and group 2, healthy volunteers without AH (n = 62; age 28 [24; 37] years). The perfusion in the forearm skin was measured by LDF for 2 minutes without any functional tests. "Baseline perfusion” for each subject was calculated as the average perfusion rate in a representative portion of the microcirculatory curve.Results: Median of basic perfusion in the forearm skin in the patients with AH is significantly higher than that in the normotensive individuals: 4.88 [2.87; 8.98] PU and 3.41 [2.47; 4.99] PU, respectively (p = 0.013). The interquartile range of the baseline perfusion in the control group was chosen as provisional threshold values for the "normal” perfusion level. In 39.5% of patients with AH, their basic perfusion was within the "normal level”; 46.5% of the patients had the baseline perfusion above the "normal level”, which might be due to reduced tone of the peripheral vessels. Only 14.0% of the patients had a decreased level of the basic perfusion.Conclusion: An increase in the skin perfusion in some patients with AH may indicate a decrease in their peripheral vascular tone, which could be a potential compensatory reaction in response to the rise in blood pressure. The results obtained could have been influenced by the age-related changes in the cardiovascular system, drug therapy, etc. Further studies into the specifics of peripheral vasculature seem reasonable. They can contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of AH in a given patient and, in future, could be used to guide a personalized choice of therapy.

The article is devoted to current views on the ECG diagnosis in pediatrics. The group of authors considered some of the most characteristic changes in ECG in children.

In total, 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 25 patients with MI and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) received an ACE inhibitor zofenopril (zocardis) for 6 months, as a part of their basis therapy. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system dynamics, endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms - NO and HSP70 stress proteins - were assessed during first 24 hours after hospitalization, as well as 1 and 6 months after MI. Long-term zofenopril therapy was associated with reduced levels of free-radical lipid peroxidation, due to protective antioxidant enzyme activation and increase in serum total antioxidant activity. The medication also improved the parameters ofprotective HSP70 system and endothelial function.

The data from clinical trials that have examined the efficacy and safety of modern third generation calcium antagonist-lercanidipine is presented herein. Results of the following studies demonstrate that treatment with lercanidipine leads to a marked reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure without a significant impact on heart rate. Unique pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug provide its high efficacy and safety, tolerability, convenience, acceptance and high adherence of the said CA in AH patients. Additional lercanidipine properties allow us to recommend the use of this CA in associated pathology cases.

The article briefly describes the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEI) - fosinopril, calcium channel blocker - diltiazem and antiplatelet agent- acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The mechanism of their action and possible side effects are given. The authors of the article described in detail the antihypertensive drug from the group ACEI - fosinopril, antiplatelet agent - ASA and non-hydropyridine calcium channel blocker - diltiazem. The results of multicenter randomized trials of ASA, fosinopril in patients with arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, nephropathy and heart failure are presented. The article presents a clinical example that demonstrates the selection of the optimal drugs for the treatment of the combined pathology of the heart and kidneys, and also provides an evidence base for the efficacy and safety of fosinopril and ASA preparations. Presented drugs (ASA, fosinopril, diltiazem) are highly effective in all categories of patients with CVD and can be recommended for wider clinical use.

Aim. To study the effects of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. The study included 116 ACS patients, divided into two comparable groups. Total follow-up time was 180±7 days.Results. In 6 months of the follow-up, the patients receiving atorvastatin demonstrated better clinical effectiveness, left ventricular hypertrophy regression, ejection fraction increase by 16,5% (р