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1. Obesity in Auckland school children: a comparison of the body mass index and percentage body fat as the diagnostic criterion

Author: G F Gillies, G E Richards, Paul L. Hofman, Elizabeth Robinson, V J Tyrrell, and Wayne S. Cutfield
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Ethnic origin, Body Mass Index, Sex Factors, Classification of obesity, Electric Impedance, Ethnicity, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, Child, education, education.field_of_study, Schools, Nutrition and Dietetics, Anthropometry, Body volume index, business.industry, Age Factors, medicine.disease, Surgery, Child, Preschool, Body Composition, Female, business, Body mass index, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, New Zealand, Demography
Abstract: First, to determine obesity rates in Auckland school children according to their ethnic group using two different criteria: the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Second to examine the relationship between BMI and body composition across ethnic groups to determine if BMI references from European children accurately reflect obesity in other ethnic groups.A total of 2273 Auckland school children, aged 5-10.9 y had their height, weight and bioelectrical impedance measured. Using these measurements, each child's BMI, fat free mass, fat mass and PBF were derived.In all 14.3% of children were obese using the recommended definition of obesity (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile). There was no clinically significant difference in the relationship between BMI and body composition in different ethnic groups. Obesity rates varied with ethnicity (P0.0001) and were higher in Pacific Island (24.1%) and Maori (15.8%) than in European children (8.6%). Obesity rates also varied with age (P0.03), with the highest rates in older children. PBF levels were higher in females than males (P0.0001). Using a definition of obesity based on percentage body fat (PBF30%), obesity rates were higher in all ethnic groups.Obesity rates are high in Auckland school children and there are clear differences in obesity rates in different ethnic groups. If BMI criteria are used to define obesity in our population, we recommend the same standards be used for children of all ethnicities.
Published: 2001

2. Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis: a valuable tool for the measurement of body composition in children

Author: G E Richards, G F Gillies, Paul L. Hofman, Wayne S. Cutfield, Elizabeth Robinson, and V J Tyrrell
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Standard deviation, Fat mass, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance, Ethnicity, Humans, Medicine, Child, Orthodontics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Anthropometry, business.industry, Percentage body fat, Surgery, Child, Preschool, Body Composition, Female, business, Body mass index, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Foot (unit)
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric indices as measures of body composition in children. DESIGN: Comparison of foot-to-foot BIA and anthropometry to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-derived body composition in a multi-ethnic group of children. SUBJECTS: Eighty-two European, NZ Maori and Pacific Island children aged 4.9–10.9 y. MEASUREMENTS: DEXA body composition, foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance, height, weight, hip and waist measurements. RESULTS: Using a BIA prediction equation derived from our study population we found a high correlation between DEXA and BIA in the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and percentage body fat (PBF) (r=0.98, 0.98 and 0.94, respectively). BIA-FFM underestimated DEXA-FFM by a mean of 0.75 kg, BIA-FM overestimated DEXA-FM by a mean of 1.02 kg and BIA-PBF overestimated DEXA-PBF by a mean of 2.53%. The correlation between six anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), ponderal index, Chinn's weight-for-height index, BMI standard deviation score, weight-for-length index and Cole's weight-for-height index) and DEXA were also examined. The correlation of these indices with PBF was remarkably similar (r=0.85–0.87), more variable with FM (r=0.77–0.94) and poor with FFM (r=0.41–0.75). CONCLUSIONS: BIA correlated better than anthropometric indices in the estimation of FFM, FM and PBF. Foot-to-foot BIA is an accurate technique in the measurement of body composition.
Published: 2001

3. A simplified gonadotrophin-releasing hormone test for precocious puberty

Author: S. E. Michaels, S. Busey, A. Cavallo, and G. E. Richards
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Puberty, Precocious, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Sensitivity and Specificity, Retrospective data, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Gonadotrophin releasing hormone test, Endocrinology, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Precocious puberty, Child, Retrospective Studies, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Luteinizing Hormone, medicine.disease, Predictive value of tests, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Differential diagnosis, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Hormone
Abstract: Summary BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test is Important for the evaluation of children with disorders of puberty. Traditionally, the test determines the peak LH and the peak FSH responses from 5 to 8 blood samples, which makes It cumbersome and costly. We suspected that the test could be simplified to require fewer hormonal measurements. DESIGN A retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS Subjects were 44 girls and 7 boys with signs of precocious puberty, of whom 39 were diagnosed as definite central precocious puberty. Fifty-five diagnostic tests and 39 tests for suppression during GnRH-analogue treatment were reviewed. MEASUREMENTS LH and FSH were measured In serum samples obtained during a standard GnRH test. Parameters: LH and FSH responses and the LH: FSH ratio at 30, 45 and 60 minutes, and the respective peak levels. For each parameter, the sensitivities and specificities were estimated and the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. RESULTS The receiver operating characteristic curves for the LH responses at 30,45 and 60 minutes and at peak were similar and showed high specificities and sensitivities for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty. A single LH cut-off (15IU/I) had diagnostic sensitivity >90% and specificity >80% for LH concentrations at 30,45 or 60 minutes and peak, and sensitivity >90% to detect suppression. Calculations of the LH: FSH ratio did not Improve the diagnostic accuracy of the GnRH test achieved by LH alone. CONCLUSIONS A single LH determination 30 minutes after GnRH administration is as useful as the peak LH; FSH measurements are unnecessary for the differential diagnosis of central precocious puberty. We propose that for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty and for treatment monitoring, the GnRH test to be simplified to LH measurement in a single blood sample at 30 minutes.
Published: 1995

4. Measurement of $$\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)$$ using impact parameters and leptons

Author: R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, J. C. Clayton, B. C. Shen, G. P. Siroli, J. King, A. K. Honma, Christoph Schwick, W. G. Scott, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, M. Jones, Jacqueline Batley, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. L. Rees, M. J. Losty, Otmar Biebel, P. Igo-Kemenes, C. Jui, J. Hart, C. Sbarra, S. Barnett, Claude Leroy, A. Astbury, J. P. Pansart, J. D. Gillies, P. Pfister, R. Bartoldus, H. Jeremie, U. Müller, James Pinfold, G. E. Richards, D. Pitman, A. J. Martin, F. C. Grant, M. H. Lehto, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, R. J. Barlow, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, D. Hochman, D. G. Fong, H. O. Ogren, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, D. J. Miller, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, G. Beaudoin, C. K. Hargrove, N. I. Geddes, Matthias Schröder, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, J. Steuerer, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, T. G. Shears, B. Boden, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, R.J. Akers, J. Lauber, E. do Couto e Silva, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Takeda, D. M. Gingrich, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, B. Poli, F. G. Oakham, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Hansroul, Madjid Boutemeur, E. Lefebvre, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Shlomo Dado, Tohru Takeshita, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, F. X. Gentit, B. Fabbro, O. Schaile, P. Berlich, J. A. Wilson, F. Odorici, J. E. Conboy, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. Kowalewski, R. Yaari, D. J.P. Dumas, R. J. Hemingway, Georges Azuelos, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, P. M. Watkins, V. Gibson, S. Bethke, P. Scharff-Hansen, G. Quast, J. M. Lorah, W. Schappert, P. Kroll, Marco Cuffiani, John Baines, X. C. Lou, Silvia Arcelli, W. R. Gibson, A. M. Rossi, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, P. Jovanovic, T. Tsukamoto, W. Mohr, J. F. Kral, Austin Ball, H. M. Fischer, M. A. Whallev, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, D. Menszner, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, S. L. Chu, A. Beck, J. C. Hill, A. Michelini, H. Mes, Norbert Wermes, J. von Krogh, I. P. Duerdoth, A. C. Janissen, J. M. Roney, E. Heflin, Sherry Towers, P. S. Wells, Misao Sasaki, R. J. Homer, M. Hauschild, Alessandro Montanari, R. M. Brown, T. Kawamoto, A. M. Smith, P. M. Hattersley, J. Banks, Lorne Levinson, G. Vasseur, Dave Robinson, Gideon Alexander, P. A. Elcombe, Giora Mikenberg, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, Terry Richard Wyatt, B. Lorazo, D. R. Ward, L. A. del Pozo, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, B. W. Kennedy, T. W. Pritchard, E. Torrente-Lujan, G. Transtromer, Paolo Capiluppi, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, John Hobbs, C. Moisan, R. D. Heuer, M. Coupland, Andris Skuja, G. A. Beck, Fabrizio Fabbri, Achim Stahl, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, J. Becker, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. Van den plas, P. Weber, F. S. Merritt, F. Scharf, Tetsuro Mashimo, G. J. VanDalen, R. Mir, Gregor Herten, D. R. Rust, C. Wahl, B. Schmitt, B. Wilkens, A. Skillman, A. M. Lee, J. E. Pilcher, W. Gorn, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, G. Giacomelli, J. A. McKenna, M. J. Oreglia, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, A. D. Schaile, V. H. Winterer, P. Schenk, J. R. Carter, P. F. Harrison, G. N. Patrick, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, M. S. Dixit, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, Frans Meijers, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, P. E.L. Clarke, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, M. Yurko, S. A. Robins, J. P. Martin, P. W. Jeffreys, S. De Jong, P. Bright-Thomas, S. W. O'Neale, M. A. Thomson, K. J. Anderson, J. G. Layter, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, P. Poffenberger, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, D. A. Hinshaw, T. Behnke, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, I. J. Bloodworth, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Yeaman, M. Settles, M. Foucher, N. K. Watson, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Erez Etzion, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. P. Middleton, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, M. Morii, T. J. Smith, Peter R Hobson, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, P. Routenburg, Gunter Wolf, P. Mättig, Sachio Komamiya, N. J. Tesilian, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, S. Wotton, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, and James Letts
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elementary particle, Bottom quark, Charm quark, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Bar (unit)
Abstract: A measurement of$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} \equiv \Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)$ is presented using a “mixed tag” method involving the identification of$Z^0 \to b\bar b$ events by two different techniques. The first uses the large impact parameter of tracks emerging from the decay ofb-flavoured hadrons and the second their semi-leptonic decay. The identification efficiencies are measured from the data using all possible combinations of the two tags in opposite hemispheres. The method is therefore insensitive to Monte Carlo modelling of bottom quark production and ofb-flavoured hadron production and decay properties, and depends only weakly on the simulation of the detector. The data sample collected by OPAL at LEP in 1990 and 1991 is considered. The result is: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.218 \pm 0.006(stat) \pm 0.007(syst) \pm 0.007(\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} ),$$ where the systematic uncertainty due to the charm quark partial width has been separated from the other systematic uncertainties. Combination with previous OPAL measurements gives: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.220 \pm 0.004(stat) \pm 0.006(syst) \pm 0.006(\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} ),$$
Published: 1994

5. A study of mean sub-jet multiplicities in two- and three-jet hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: U. Müller, A. J. Martin, B. C. Shen, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, J. W. Gary, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, P. Scharff-Hansen, C. K. Hargrove, Gideon Bella, T. J. McMahon, J. P. Martin, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, S. De Jong, M. J. Losty, Shlomo Dado, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, H. M. Fischer, M. Yurko, J. A. Wilson, Sachio Komamiya, A. Michelini, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, H. Mes, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, I. P. Duerdoth, A. M. Smith, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Matthias Schröder, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Xinchou Lou, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Bright-Thomas, S. A. Robins, R. Bartoldus, P. A. Hart, H. Deng, T. P. Kokott, G. Mikenberg, C. Sbarra, R. Humbert, A. Luig, Madjid Boutemeur, M. J. Pearce, C. Moisan, J. Steuerer, G. A. Beck, James Pinfold, R. Kowalewski, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Michael Dittmar, J. G. Layter, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, R. J. Hemingway, G. Yekutieli, Achim Stahl, J. R. Carter, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, C. Charlesworth, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, J. Goldberg, P. G. Estabrooks, M. Settles, R. K. Keeler, P. Igo-Kemenes, T. Kawamoto, P. Jovanovic, B. Nellen, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, B. Schmitt, Georges Azuelos, Gideon Alexander, T. Behnke, Andris Skuja, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Austin Ball, J. Kroll, Michael Schulz, Z. Li, Paolo Capiluppi, E. Lefebvre, S. L. Lloyd, H. Jeremie, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. L. Rees, M. G. Rison, P. Leblanc, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, F. X. Gentit, G. D. Long, P. Schütz, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Tetsuro Mashimo, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. Mir, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, K. W. Bell, R. Yaari, Marco Cuffiani, F. Odorici, G. G. Hanson, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, T. Hilse, V. Gibson, M. Sasaki, J. C. Hill, T. W. Pritchard, B. Boden, J. Allison, R. Ströhmer, B. Poli, M. J. Oreglia, G. Giacomelli, P. Routenburg, W. Gorn, P. F. Harrison, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Tecchio, F. S. Merritt, J. A. McKenna, D. E. Plane, P. Pfister, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, M. Foucher, Guenter Duckeck, S. L. Chu, R. G. Kellogg, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, J. D. Gillies, Silvia Arcelli, O. Runolfsson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, S. Barnett, D. S. Koetke, G. T. Zorn, Stefano Marcellini, H. G. Evans, M. S. Dixit, J. von Krogh, Frans Meijers, G. W. Wilson, M. J. Goodrick, D. Karlen, Ehud Duchovni, G. N. Patrick, Michael Kobel, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, H. M. Bosch, P. Bentkowski, D. J. Miller, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, I. Cohen, M. Jimack, James Letts, C. Burgard, H. Ihssen, C. Beeston, S. W. Gensler, D. Hochman, S. J. Hillier, H. Lafoux, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, C. M. Hawkes, Claudio Grandi, M. Cooper, C. Jui, Daniel Lellouch, D. Axen, G. M. Dallavalle, J. Lauber, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Takehiko Mori, S. W. O'Neale, L. A. del Pozo, A. Jawahery, R. J. Homer, P. M. Watkins, Paul Kyberd, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, Peter Sherwood, Erez Etzion, F. K. Loebinger, J. C. Clayton, K. J. Anderson, A. M. Rossi, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, T. Tsukamoto, G. J. Van Dalen, K. Runge, P. Bock, V. H. Winterer, G. D. Lafferty, David Robinson, A. Yeaman, Stefan Kluth, C. Darling, Shlomit Tarem, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, D. A. Hinshaw, R. J. Barlow, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. Giacomelli, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, R. P. Middleton, D. J.P. Dumas, G. Quast, Gunter Wolf, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, D. R. Ward, N. I. Geddes, W. R. Gibson, M. W. Redmond, M. Hauschild, S. Wotton, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Weber, J. E. Pilcher, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, R.J. Akers, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, A. Skillman, P. M. Hattersley, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, F. C. Grant, N. Tesch, N. K. Watson, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, J. M. Roney, H. Fukui, W. Mohr, P. A. Elcombe, R. J. Sobie, J. Becker, R. Howard, F. Scharf, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, M. Coupland, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, O. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, and A. Astbury
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Perturbative QCD, Multiplicity (mathematics), Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper describes an analysis of sub-jet multiplicities, which are expected to be sensitive to the properties of soft gluon radiation, in hadronic decays of theZ0. Two- and three-jet event samples are selected using thek⊥ jet clustering algorithm at a jet resolution scaley1. The mean sub-jet multiplicity as a function of the sub-jet resolution,y0, is determined separately for both event samples by reapplying the same jet algorithm at resolution scalesy0
Published: 1994

6. Measurement of the photon structure functionF 2 ? in the reactione + e ??e + e ?+hadrons at LEP

Author: James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Matthias Schröder, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, H. Deng, R. Humbert, M. Yurko, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, J. Steuerer, Erez Etzion, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, Silvia Arcelli, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, S. A. Robins, P. W. Jeffreys, T. Kobayashi, Gideon Bella, Stefan Kluth, P. Igo-Kemenes, M. Foucher, H. J. Burckhart, P. Bright-Thomas, T. Kawamoto, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, D. A. Hinshaw, Jacqueline Batley, Tohru Takeshita, J. G. Layter, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, H. Jeremie, O. Schaile, Shlomit Tarem, J. J. Ward, G. J. VanDalen, J. C. Clayton, M. A. Thomson, M. Hansroul, P. Weber, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Georges Azuelos, J. E. Pilcher, Shlomo Dado, T. Behnke, V. Gibson, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, N. I. Geddes, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. P. Middleton, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Max Weber, M. W. Redmond, J. C. Hill, R. J. Homer, X. C. Lou, R. J. Barlow, R. Yaari, P. E.L. Clarke, M. Hauschild, B. C. Shen, P. S. Wells, E. do Couto e Silva, T. W. Pritchard, J. Goldberg, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, J. Banks, S. Bethke, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, W. R. Gibson, E. Lefebvre, Marco Cuffiani, J. P. Martin, C. Moisan, B. Nellen, J. W. Gary, F. Odorici, N. J. Tresilian, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. A. Beck, A. T. Watson, P. Mättig, C. Markus, R. G. Kellogg, A. Astbury, Achim Stahl, P. Paschievici, P. Leblanc, S. De Jong, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. S. Koetke, R. D. Heuer, Stefano Marcellini, U. Müller, C. M. Hawkes, M. Coupland, M. Cooper, J. A. McKenna, M. J. Losty, James Letts, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, B. Fabbro, A. J. Martin, Daniel Lellouch, S. L. Chu, T. Hilse, B. Panzer-Steindel, H. Mes, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Takehiko Mori, A. Beck, H. G. Evans, I. P. Duerdoth, J. Allison, D. Pitman, M. J. Goodrick, G. D. Lafferty, P. F. Harrison, I. Cohen, M. H. Lehto, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, B. Schmitt, E. Heflin, C. Jui, O. Runolfsson, M. Jones, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, C. K. Hargrove, G. Mikenberg, Madjid Boutemeur, Gunter Wolf, R. M. Brown, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, P. M. Hattersley, T. G. Shears, T. J. Smith, R. J. Sobie, D. L. Rees, Lorne Levinson, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, K. Stephens, D. M. Gingrich, A. M. Rossi, C. Beeston, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R.J. Akers, Claudio Grandi, J. R. McNutt, John Hobbs, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, M. Tecchio, S. Wotton, E. Torrente-Lujan, P. Berlich, G. T. Zorn, P. M. Watkins, V. H. Winterer, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, T. Tsukamoto, R. Lahmann, D. R. Rust, F. C. Grant, D. C. Imrie, Ehud Duchovni, M. A. Whalley, D. E. Plane, M. Sasaki, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, A. M. Lee, M. Jimack, A. Buijs, G. Quast, John Baines, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, H. Ihssen, D. J.P. Dumas, P. Pfister, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, B. Boden, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, B. Poli, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, G. P. Siroli, J. King, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, R. Kowalewski, A. C. Janissen, S. W. O'Neale, S. Barnett, Christoph Schwick, Gideon Alexander, D. Hochman, Paolo Capiluppi, J. R. Carter, D. Axen, K. J. Anderson, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, R. Mir, P. Routenburg, M. J. Oreglia, F. S. Merritt, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, G. N. Patrick, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, R. Bartoldus, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, H. O. Ogren, A. Yeaman, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. A. Carter, J. Kroll, R. Van Kooten, S. L. Lloyd, N. K. Watson, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Sachio Komamiya, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, E. Ros, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, W. Schappert, J. M. Roney, J. M. Lorah, J. Lauber, W. Mohr, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Alessandro Montanari, J. Hart, J. D. Gillies, D. J. Miller, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, F. Scharf, A. Skillman, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, and Frans Meijers
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Perturbative QCD, Vector meson dominance, Elementary particle, Photon structure function, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: We present measurements of the hadronic photon structure functionF2γ(x), in twoQ2 ranges with mean values of 5.9 GeV2 and 14.7 GeV2. The data were taken by the OPAL experiment at LEP, with$\sqrt s$ close to theZ0 mass and correspond to an integratede+e− luminosity of 44.8 pb−1. In the context of a QCD-based model we find the quark transverse momentum cutoff separating the vector meson dominance (VMD) and perturbative QCD regions to be 0.27±0.10 GeV. We confirm that there is a significant pointlike component of the photon when the probe photon hasQ2>4 GeV2. Our measurements extend to lower values ofx than any previous experiment, and no increase ofF2γ(x) is observed.
Published: 1994

7. Measurement of the time dependence of mixing using a jet charge technique

Author: W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, P. S. Wells, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, James Pinfold, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. Beaudoin, D. G. Fong, R. Bartoldus, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, N. K. Watson, Michael Kobel, Gregor Herten, M. Coupland, John Allison, Shlomo Dado, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, H. O. Ogren, C. Wahl, C. Sbarra, B. Wilkens, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, H. Lafoux, Paul Kyberd, Paolo Giacomelli, F. K. Loebinger, Otmar Biebel, M. Hansroul, N. J. Tresilian, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, Michael Dittmar, R. J. Hemingway, J. W. Gary, G. E. Richards, Georges Azuelos, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, G. Yekutieli, J. Kroll, R. D. Heuer, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, J. E. Pilcher, F. C. Grant, K. W. Bell, W. Mohr, J. Mildenberger, Giora Mikenberg, Harold Nguyen, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, P. Jovanovic, M. W. Redmond, J. R. McNutt, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, P. Poffenberger, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, H. Przysiezniak, Austin Ball, M. Fierro, G. G. Hanson, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, S. L. Chu, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. M. Gingrich, P. A. Elcombe, B. C. Shen, D. A. Hinshaw, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, P. Schütz, M. G. Rison, E. Lefebvre, R. J. Homer, D. E. Plane, H. Fukui, T. Hilse, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, Siegfried Bethke, G. Giacomelli, J. Hart, F. S. Merritt, P. Berlich, M. Hauschild, A. K. Honma, A. M. Smith, F. Odorici, C. Dallapiccola, W. G. Scott, O. Runolfsson, P. Bentkowski, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, T. J. McMahon, T. W. Pritchard, J. D. Gillies, G. M. Dallavalle, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. Becker, A. D. Schaile, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, C. Markus, D. R. Rust, P. Paschievici, V. Gibson, D. L. Rees, Xinchou Lou, Z. Li, J. Schwiening, G. Quast, C. Beeston, R. K. Carnegie, F. Scharf, P. Schenk, P. Weber, Claudio Grandi, M. Settles, C. Moisan, J. A. McKenna, G. J. VanDalen, G. A. Beck, P. F. Harrison, Andris Skuja, Achim Stahl, T. Behnke, M. Yurko, Guenter Duckeck, P. W. Jeffreys, M. J. Losty, J. A. Wilson, R. J. Barlow, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. J.P. Dumas, D. J. Miller, A. M. Lee, P. Teixeira-Dias, Stephen Lloyd, G. D. Long, M. S. Dixit, R. Mir, Tetsuro Mashimo, Frans Meijers, P. Bright-Thomas, A. Skillman, R.J. Akers, J. J. Ward, M. Tecchio, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, D. R. Ward, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, B. Schmitt, M. Morii, M. Foucher, D. Axen, C. Jui, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Jawahery, O. Schaile, R. Howard, M. K. Jones, J. Lauber, S. W. O'Neale, Margret Fincke-Keeler, A. M. Rossi, Peter R Hobson, Claude Leroy, S. Barnett, N. Wermes, W. Gorn, J. P. Pansart, J. P. Martin, N. Tesch, K. J. Anderson, D. Hochman, H. Takeda, V. H. Winterer, M. J. Oreglia, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, F. G. Oakham, T. Tsukamoto, P. Pfister, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. C. Clayton, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, S. De Jong, P. Routenburg, J. Goldberg, J. von Krogh, B. Nellen, P. M. Hattersley, P. Leblanc, J. Steuerer, R. Ströhmer, N. I. Geddes, H. G. Evans, Dave Robinson, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, G. T. Zorn, R. Lahmann, Gunter Wolf, L. A. del Pozo, B. Boden, B. Poli, D. C. Imrie, G. W. Wilson, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, S. Wotton, R. Yaari, Madjid Boutemeur, Marco Cuffiani, H. M. Fischer, J. G. Layter, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, P. G. Estabrooks, Erez Etzion, R. K. Keeler, A. Yeaman, A. Michelini, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, D. Karlen, C. Charlesworth, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, C. Burgard, R. P. Middleton, S. A. Robins, P. M. Watkins, Sachio Komamiya, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Silvia Arcelli, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, J. M. Roney, C. Darling, P. A. Hart, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, P. Mättig, Shoji Asai, E. do Couto e Silva, M. J. Pearce, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, Ehud Duchovni, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, Matthias Schröder, R. Kowalewski, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, A. Astbury, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, and C. K. Hargrove
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Particle decay, Particle physics, Meson, Oscillation, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charge (physics), Electric charge, Lepton
Abstract: The observation and measurement of the time-dependence of B0d↔B0d mixing are described. The B0d meson is reconstructed in final states that contain a D∗− and an l+, where the b flavour of the B0d at decay time is tagged by the electric charge of the lepton. A new and efficient method, using a jet charge technique, is developed for identifying the b flavour of the produced B0d. From a sample of 556 D∗±l∓ candidates reconstructed in the OPAL data collected during 1990–1993, the B0d↔B0d oscillation frequency is measured to be Δmd = 0.508 ± 0.075 (stat) ±0.025(syst) ps−1 giving an oscillation parameter of χd = 0.73 ± 0.11 (stat) ±0.08 (syst), where 0.076 of the systematic error on χd arises from the uncertainty on the B0d lifetime.
Published: 1994

8. Measurement of the τ− → h− π0ντ and τ− → h− ⩾ 2π0ντ branching ratios

Author: John Allison, M. Hauschild, R. G. Kellogg, K. Stephens, C. Markus, D. S. Koetke, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Pfister, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, S. Wotton, I. J. Bloodworth, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, H. Deng, R. Humbert, P R Poffenberger, A. Rollnik, N. J. Tresilian, R. Giacomelli, Madjid Boutemeur, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, S. Bethke, M. W. Redmond, D. C. Imrie, M. Settles, P. G. Estabrooks, R. D. Heuer, R. Ströhmer, P. Igo-Kemenes, Matthias Schröder, H. Przysiezniak, Fabrizio Fabbri, J. M. Roney, M. Foucher, D. Van den plas, M. Fierro, H. M. Fischer, P. M. Watkins, G. T. Zorn, V. Gibson, A. Michelini, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, D. G. Fong, S. L. Chu, P. Schütz, C. Darling, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, G. W. Wilson, T. Wlodek, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, Achim Stahl, H. M. Bosch, E. Duchovni, D. Karlen, S. Orito, Gregor Herten, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Erez Etzion, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. H. Lehto, G. Giacomelli, J. Gascon, U. Maur, G. Yekutieli, Silvia Arcelli, T. Hilse, W. R. Gibson, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, O. Runolfsson, D. Hochman, C. Y. Chang, Georges Azuelos, H. O. Ogren, P. M. Hattersley, P. Schenk, J. Steuerr, M. F. Turner, J. Pinfold, A. Beck, S. Wolf, B. Schmitt, J. E. Pilcher, K. W. Bell, T. J. Smith, T. G. Shears, S. A. Robins, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Michael Kobel, D. A. Hinshaw, E. Heflin, C. Beeston, M. S. Dixit, Gideon Bella, Claudio Grandi, Frans Meijers, P. Bright-Thomas, R. M. Brown, E. do Couto e Silva, J. C. Hill, P. Mättig, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, R. P. Middleton, M. J. Oreglia, H. J. Burckhart, R.J. Akers, M. Yurko, Jacqueline Batley, Misao Sasaki, H. Lafoux, P. A. Hart, D. R. Ward, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. W. Gary, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, J. Goldberg, B. W. Kennedy, P. W. Jeffreys, B. Nellen, E. Torrente-Lujan, A. P. Wagner, Takehiko Mori, P. E.L. Clarke, P. Paschievici, A. M. Lee, B. C. Shen, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, O. Schaile, R. Yaari, D. L. Rees, M. K. Jones, A. K. Honma, M. J. Pearce, P. Leblanc, Paolo Giacomelli, R. Howard, M. Hansroul, P. Berlich, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, J. P. Martin, G. Beaudoin, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, C. Burgard, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. Axen, S. De Jong, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. J. Ward, M. A. Thomson, A. Jawahery, R. J. Homer, J. C. Clayton, Xinchou Lou, R. Mir, Shlomo Dado, D. R. Rust, R. Kowalewski, A. Astbury, D. M. Gingrich, R. Lahmann, Peter Sherwood, U. Müller, R. W. Springer, M. J. Losty, P. Scharff-Hansen, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, A. J. Martin, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, K. Runge, P. Bock, T. Behnke, G. Quast, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Christoph Schwick, Marco Cuffiani, E. Lefebvre, T. W. Pritchard, L. Levinson, F. Odorici, Z. Li, C. K. Hargrove, Guenter Duckeck, P. S. Wells, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, D. Lellouch, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, G. Mikenberg, J. G. Layter, B. Lorazo, A. M. Rossi, D. E. Plane, Terry Richard Wyatt, Andris Skuja, M. Rosvick, T. Tsukamoto, V. H. Winterer, P. Bentkowski, C. Charlesworth, G. D. Long, G. M. Dallavalle, M. Coupland, Tetsuro Mashimo, S. Barnett, W. Gorn, N. I. Geddes, D. J.P. Dumas, Richard Keeler, P. F. Harrison, B. Boden, B. Poli, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, C. Jui, A. D. Schaile, J. R. McNutt, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, F. C. Grant, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, A. Buijs, S. W. Gensler, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, A. Syoosi, F. S. Merritt, J. Lauber, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, J. A. McKenna, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, R. Bartoldus, J. D. Gillies, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, R. J. Barlow, J. Kroll, D. J. Miller, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Sachio Komamiya, Austin Ball, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, A. Yeaman, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, M. G. Rison, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, H. von der Scmitt, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, M. Fincke-Keeler, N. K. Watson, W. Mohr, A. Skillman, A. Gaidot, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, F. Scharf, G. J. VanDalen, and R. Sobie
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle decay, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Analytical chemistry, Branching (polymer chemistry), Selection criterion
Abstract: The branching ratios of the τ− → h− π0vτ and τ− → h− ⩾ 2π0vτ decays (where h− is either a π− or K−) are measured using the OPAL detector at LEP. The two branching ratios are simultaneously measured using separate selection criteria and are found to be Bh− π0 = (26.25 ± 0.35 ± 0.52)%, Bh− ⩾ 2π0 = (9.89 ± 0.34 ± 0.55)%Bh− π0 + Bh− ⩾ 2π0 = (36.14 ± 0.33 ± 0.58)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.
Published: 1994

9. Multiplicity and transverse momentum correlations in multihadronic final states in e+e− interactions at √s = 91.2 GeV

Author: J. W. Gary, H. O. Ogren, Sachio Komamiya, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Theodoros Geralis, Carla Sbarra, I. J. Bloodworth, G. Quast, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, T. R. Wyatt, M. Settles, J. E. Conboy, M. Tecchio, R. J. Barlow, G. Mikenberg, B. C. Shen, M. Foucher, S. L. Chu, J. D. Gillies, M. Jimack, Siegfried Bethke, M. Hauschild, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, C. Jui, Tohru Takeshita, Georges Azuelos, M. Fierro, C. M. Hawkes, K. W. Bell, Norbert Wermes, J. C. Hill, S. A. Wotton, A. H. Ball, Silvia Arcelli, G. W. Wilson, M. J. Losty, J. Pinfold, C. Schwick, C. Markus, M. Jones, P. Paschievici, J.A. Lauber, D. G. Fong, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, J. M. Roney, J. Gascon, J. Goldberg, A. Skillman, D. J. Miller, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Igo-Kemenes, Paul Fraser Harrison, B. Boden, D. L. Rees, G. Duckeck, A. D. Schaile, P. S. Wells, J. Schwiening, B. Nellen, B. Poli, Z. Li, R. G. Kellogg, Daniel Lellouch, P. Leblanc, H. Jeremie, A. Gaidot, D. S. Koetke, F. S. Merritt, Takehiko Mori, A. T. Watson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, T. Hilse, V. H. Winterer, T. Wlodek, M. J. Cooper, M. Sproston, R.J. Akers, W. R. Gibson, V. Gibson, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, D. Axen, H. G. Evans, Stefano Marcellini, M. Morii, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Peter R Hobson, James Letts, A. Jawahery, N. K. Watson, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. A. McKenna, Andris Skuja, E. do Couto e Silva, R. J. Hemingway, Shlomo Dado, A. M. Lee, G. D. Lafferty, Tetsuro Mashimo, R. Kowalewski, Claudio Grandi, D. Pitman, D.L. Wagner, M. Yurko, A. Beck, Michael Schulz, P. Jovanovic, P. W. Jeffreys, J. M. Lorah, Madjid Boutemeur, C. Darling, X. C. Lou, E. Heflin, Matthias Schröder, T. Kobayashi, R. Yaari, P. E. L. Clarke, Robert Lahmann, R. W. Springer, W. Mohr, A. M. Rossi, Richard Keeler, R. M. Brown, P. Mättig, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Marco Cuffiani, P. G. Estabrooks, C. J. Oram, T. W. Pritchard, W. Gorn, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Gordon H. Hanson, Alessandro Montanari, T. Tsukamoto, D. C. Imrie, Lorne Levinson, H. von der Schmitt, A. Yeaman, N. I. Geddes, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. A. Elcombe, Erez Etzion, Ehud Duchovni, R. Mir, H. M. Fischer, B. W. Kennedy, P. M. Watkins, H. Lafoux, J. J. Ward, David Robinson, M. A. Thomson, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, A. Michelini, A. Wagner, J. Hagemann, A. C. Janissen, H. Ihssen, M. Rosvick, P. Scharff-Hansen, F. K. Loebinger, A. Astbury, S. Rossberg, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Gregor Herten, S. A. Robins, S. W. Gensler, R. P. Middleton, F. Scharf, C. Wahl, M. W. Redmond, D. M. Gingrich, S. J. Hillier, H. Mes, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Peter Sherwood, D. A. Hinshaw, A. M. Smith, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, B. Wilkens, J. R. Carter, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, J. Kroll, H. Takeda, M. Fincke-Keeler, R. D. Heuer, F. G. Oakham, J. Allison, P. Routenburg, G. T. Zorn, P. Kyberd, H. M. Bosch, J. E. Pilcher, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P.A. Hart, Eduardo Ros, John Hart, U. Müller, R. Sobie, A. J. Martin, P. M. Hattersley, T. Behnke, C. K. Hargrove, D. E. Plane, P. Poffenberger, M. J. Pearce, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, O. Runolfsson, D. J.P. Dumas, T. J. McMahon, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, J. G. Layter, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, S. J. De Jong, M. G. Rison, M. F. Turner, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, J. von Krogh, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, L. A. del Pozo, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, G. J. VanDalen, J. C. Clayton, M. Coupland, J.P. Martin, H. Przysiezniak, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, J. K. Becker, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, B. Schmitt, H-C. Schultz-Coulon, A. Stahl, R. W. L. Jones, P. Pfister, S. Orito, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, M. J. Oreglia, A. K. Honma, C. Y. Chang, G. N. Patrick, C. Burgard, J. Steuerer, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, Raimund Ströhmer, T. J. Smith, P. Schütz, M. Sasaki, I. P. Duerdoth, E. Lefebvre, F. Odorici, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, D. R. Rust, J. P. Pansart, P.G. Bright-Thomas, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, R. Van Kooten, M. H. Lehto, C.J. Beeston, T. G. Shears, Gy. Wolf, P. Berlich, D. Karlen, O. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, and R. Bartoldus
Subjects: Quark, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Multiplicity (mathematics), Charged particle, Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower
Abstract: We report a study of forward-backward multiplicity correlations and a measurement of the dependence on charged multiplicity of the mean transverse momentum of charged hadrons, measured with respect to the thrust axis. The study was performed on a high statistics sample of Z(0) decays to multihadronic final states collected by the OPAL Collaboration at LEP. The positive forward-backward multiplicity correlation observed in our inclusive sample can be understood in terms of a superposition of distinct event topologies characterized by a different amount of hard gluon radiation (2-, 3- and 4-jet events) and with different mean multiplicities. The residual positive correlation that we see in a clean 2-jet sample can be interpreted in terms of fragmentation properties of different quark flavours and of the production and decay of resonances. We have compared the observed effects with the predictions of QCD-based parton shower models. The data are well described by the Jetset 7.3 Monte Carlo, while Herwig 5.5 does not satisfactorily reproduce the measured correlations. Hard gluon radiation is also shown to be responsible for the observed increase of about 40% in the mean transverse momentum of produced charged hadrons in the multiplicity range from 10 to 30. The comparison with the results obtained in an analysis of a sample enriched in Z(0) --> b $$($) over bar b events, shows that the presence of heavy flavours does not contribute significantly to the observed effect.
Published: 1994

10. Measurement of $$\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)/\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to hadrons)$$ using leptons

Author: M. Hauschild, P. Singh, Tohru Takeshita, C. Markus, J. Hart, P. Paschievici, R. W. L. Jones, J. D. Gillies, Georges Azuelos, B. Panzer-Steindel, J. F. Kral, Gideon Alexander, Horst Breuker, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, D. J. Miller, J. C. Hill, Paolo Capiluppi, D. Pitman, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, M. Jobes, U. Binder, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Gideon Bella, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. Astbury, F. Lamarche, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. Kroll, H. Jeremie, O. Ganel, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, P. Taras, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. J. Martin, R. J. Hemingway, M. H. Lehto, Mitsuaki Nozaki, W. J. Collins, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, G. A. Beck, P. Teixeira-Dias, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Silvia Arcelli, A. M. Smith, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, T. G. Shears, V. Gibson, P. Jovanovic, S. Barnett, H. Ihssen, T. Behnke, Austin Ball, R. Yaari, B. Schmitt, S. W. Gensler, A. Pouladdej, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, T. W. Pritchard, S. Bethke, D. Menszner, S. J. Hillier, E. do Couto e Silva, C. J. Virtue, Marco Cuffiani, Margret Fincke-Keeler, P. Pfister, Alessandro Montanari, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, C. K. Hargrove, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, P. Berlich, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. R. McNutt, L. Köpke, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, James Pinfold, M. Jimack, C. Wahl, F. S. Merritt, S. L. Chu, M. Hansroul, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, P. Leblanc, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, Norbert Wermes, J. E. Pilcher, A. D. Schaile, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, D. R. Rust, B. C. Shen, P. A. Elcombe, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, T. Kawamoto, G. Quast, S. W. O'Neale, H. G. Evans, P. F. Harrison, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, R. J. Sobie, S. Orito, R. G. Kellogg, John Baines, V. H. Winterer, G. D. Lafferty, John Hobbs, A. K. Honma, D. S. Koetke, W. G. Scott, M. Rosvick, R. Mir, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. D. Acton, Andris Skuja, M. Tecchio, Stefano Marcellini, W. R. Gibson, J. A. McKenna, James Letts, A. A. Carter, P. M. Hattersley, J. W. Gary, M. Yurko, R. Kowalewski, J. Becker, K. J. Anderson, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, B. Boden, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, B. Poli, G. J. VanDalen, F. Odorici, R. F. McGowan, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, M. J. Oreglia, J. C. Clayton, P. M. Watkins, W. Gorn, R. Van Kooten, A. Beck, G. A. Bahan, P. W. Jeffreys, P. P. Allport, T. Mouthuy, O. Schaile, N. I. Geddes, C. Jui, F. G. Oakham, J. M. Roney, P. S. Wells, E. Heflin, S. Wotton, A. T. Watson, T. Kobayashi, A. M. Lee, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, G. N. Patrick, R. M. Brown, R. D. Heuer, M. Sasaki, J. M. Lorah, Lorne Levinson, M. Coupland, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Fabrizio Fabbri, W. Mohr, D. Van den plas, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Mes, A. M. Rossi, Shlomo Dado, Erez Etzion, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, M. W. Redmond, I. P. Duerdoth, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, T. Tsukamoto, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, E. Torrente-Lujan, R. Giacomelli, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, G. Mikenberg, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, J. von Krogh, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, R. P. Middleton, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, Dave Robinson, J. R. Carter, G. M. Dallavalle, L. A. del Pozo, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, D. J.P. Dumas, X. C. Lou, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, P. Bright-Thomas, W. Schappert, P. Weber, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, M. A. Thomson, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, T. R. Wyatt, R. J. Barlow, H. Przysiezniak, M. J. Losty, M. Fierro, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, Claudio Grandi, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, J. P. Martin, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, Sachio Komamiya, S. De Jong, E. Ros, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, J. G. Layter, I. J. Bloodworth, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, P. Mättig, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, D. A. Hinshaw, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, and P. Bock
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electron, Width ratio, Engineering (miscellaneous), High momentum, Lepton
Abstract: The fraction of $$b\bar b$$ events in hadronicZ 0 decays has been measured from the yield of leptons in the data samples collected by OPAL in 1990 and 1991. A sample enriched in events containing $${\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b$$ decays was obtained by requiring the presence of an electron or muon with high momentum and high momentum component transverse to the associated hadronic jet. After accounting for backgrounds and acceptances, a value of $$\frac{{\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)}}{{\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to hadrons)}} = 0.220 \pm 0.002 \pm 0.0006 \pm 0.011$$ was obtained. The first two errors reflect the data statistics and the systematic uncertainties arising from detector modelling uncertainties, respectively. The third error includes systematic effects fromb andc fragmentation and decay uncertainties.
Published: 1993

11. A measurement ofΓ (Z 0→b $$\Gamma ({\rm Z}^0 \to b\bar b)$$ /Γ(Z 0→hadrons) using an impact parameter technique

Author: Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, A. Astbury, A. Skillman, U. Müller, T. P. Kokott, A. J. Martin, A. Luig, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, A. Gaidot, D. L. Rees, P. E.L. Clarke, I. J. Bloodworth, D. A. Hinshaw, James Pinfold, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, J. Steuerer, D. G. Fong, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, M. Settles, T. W. Pritchard, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, C. K. Hargrove, G. Beaudoin, T. Behnke, Silvia Arcelli, P. Jovanovic, M. Foucher, T. Hilse, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, J. W. Gary, O. Runolfsson, F. S. Merritt, Austin Ball, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, D. Menszner, R. Yaari, Tohru Takeshita, Shlomo Dado, G. W. Wilson, Alessandro Montanari, D. Karlen, C. Beeston, C. Burgard, J. Hart, Claudio Grandi, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, J. D. Gillies, M. W. Redmond, Otmar Biebel, Andris Skuja, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, X. C. Lou, P. Igo-Kemenes, Georges Azuelos, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, J. M. Lorah, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, G. E. Richards, M. Yurko, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. W. Jeffreys, H. Jeremie, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, J. F. Kral, U. Maur, K. W. Bell, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, G. T. Zorn, Giora Mikenberg, Daniel Lellouch, John Allison, W. Mohr, S. L. Chu, Gunter Wolf, Gregor Herten, Takehiko Mori, Max Weber, C. Wahl, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, C. Jui, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, J. M. Roney, P. Bright-Thomas, B. Wilkens, Matthias Schröder, E. do Couto e Silva, H. Mes, W. Gorn, P. A. Elcombe, I. P. Duerdoth, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, M. A. Thomson, R. G. Kellogg, M. Morii, H. Deng, R. Humbert, H. Lafoux, B. C. Shen, D. S. Koetke, Madjid Boutemeur, Peter Sherwood, J. A. McKenna, John Hobbs, Peter R Hobson, J. E. Pilcher, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, P. Scharff-Hansen, B. Fabbro, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, B. Panzer-Steindel, K. Runge, P. Bock, A. D. Schaile, R. Kowalewski, J. Becker, M. Hauschild, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, P. M. Watkins, M. J. Losty, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Gideon Bella, V. H. Winterer, A. M. Smith, G. J. VanDalen, Ehud Duchovni, S. Wotton, H. J. Burckhart, G. Vasseur, Jacqueline Batley, B. Lorazo, Norbert Wermes, P. Mättig, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, R.J. Akers, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, O. Schaile, R. Bartoldus, J. Goldberg, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, B. Nellen, R. Mir, P. Leblanc, F. Odorici, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Jimack, M. J. Oreglia, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. R. Carter, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, G. N. Patrick, R. P. Middleton, J. Kroll, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Pouladdej, H. Ihssen, S. W. O'Neale, S. W. Gensler, G. P. Siroli, K. J. Anderson, S. J. Hillier, Christoph Schwick, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. Poffenberger, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. R. Gibson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, P. Weber, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, D. J.P. Dumas, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. M. Hattersley, P. F. Harrison, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, A. M. Rossi, J. C. Clayton, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, D. R. Rust, S. A. Robins, A. M. Lee, S. Barnett, C. Sbarra, D. Hochman, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, R. Van Kooten, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, N. I. Geddes, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, B. Boden, B. Poli, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, J. P. Martin, T. J. McMahon, M. Hansroul, S. De Jong, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, J. A. Wilson, R. J. Homer, W. Schappert, Margret Fincke-Keeler, J. G. Layter, R. E. Hughes-Jones, J. von Krogh, P. Pfister, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, Dave Robinson, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, L. A. del Pozo, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, M. Coupland, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, M. Jones, Claude Leroy, and J. P. Pansart
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Partial width, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Analytical chemistry, Elementary particle, Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Engineering (miscellaneous), Bar (unit)
Abstract: The fractional partial width of theZ0 tob quarks,$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} $, has been measured by OPAL using an impact parameter technique. The method has been developed using 130 000 hadronic events collected by OPAL in 1990. We find: $$\frac{{\Gamma _{b\bar b} }}{{\Gamma _{had} }} = 0.222 \pm 0.007(stat) \pm 0.008(sys).$$ The measurement assumes the relative rates of theZ0 touds andc quarks given by the Standard Model. Varying the charm fraction from the Standard Model value of$\Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{had} = 0.171$ changes the result by an additional$\Delta \Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{b\bar b} = - 0.135 \times \Delta \Gamma _{c\bar c} /\Gamma _{c\bar c} $.
Published: 1993

12. A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of $$e^ + e^ - \to c\bar c$$ and $$e^ + e^ - \to b\bar b$$ at centre of mass energies on and near theZ 0 peak usingD *± mesons

Author: T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, G. J. VanDalen, M. Rosvkck, J. C. Clayton, M. Yurko, Silvia Arcelli, S. A. Robins, R. Lahmann, F. S. Merritt, P. W. Jeffreys, Margret Fincke-Keeler, W. R. Gibson, D. C. Imrie, Matthias Schröder, Gunter Wolf, T. Kobayashi, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. Igo-Kemenes, D. A. Hinshaw, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Beck, E. Heflin, G. P. Siroli, E. Lefebvre, J. P. Martin, S. L. Chu, J. King, Christoph Schwick, V. H. Winterer, S. Wotton, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, R. M. Brown, P. Bright-Thomas, H. Jeremie, Lorne Levinson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, A. Skillman, J. E. Pilcher, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. Lauber, F. Odorici, S. De Jong, M. Morii, P. Pfister, Takehiko Mori, A. Gaidot, Georges Azuelos, Peter R Hobson, V. Gibson, R.J. Akers, B. Fabbro, B. W. Kennedy, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, R. Bartoldus, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, M. Sasaki, H. Takeda, E. do Couto e Silva, B. Boden, H. O. Ogren, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. G. Kellogg, J. Goldberg, P. Routenburg, J. Schneps, B. Poli, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Norbert Wermes, J. F. Kral, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, M. A. Thomson, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, F. G. Oakham, J. A. McKenna, D. S. Koetke, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, John Hobbs, K. W. Bell, B. Nellen, D. L. Rees, D. E. Plane, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, P. A. Elcombe, Max Weber, P. Leblanc, Stefano Marcellini, S. Orito, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, J. Hart, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Gideon Bella, Peter Sherwood, James Letts, J. C. Hill, B. C. Shen, R. Mir, G. D. Lafferty, J. Kroll, C. Moisan, J. Becker, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, S. W. O'Neale, G. A. Beck, J. D. Gillies, H. J. Burckhart, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, T. Takeeshita, J. Hagemann, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, Jacqueline Batley, Madjid Boutemeur, Achim Stahl, A. Yeaman, H. G. Evans, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, P. Mättig, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, D. J.P. Dumas, J. E. Conboy, A. Astbury, P. Teixeira-Dias, F. Scharf, J. Steuerer, J. W. Gary, Shlomo Dado, P. Weber, N. K. Watson, I. J. Bloodworth, C. Jui, P. F. Harrison, U. Müller, N. I. Geddes, A. J. Martin, Sachio Komamiya, D. J. Miller, M. Settles, G. G. Hanson, P. G. Estabrooks, G. Mikenberg, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, M. Tecchio, M. J. Oreglia, M. W. Redmond, X. C. Lou, R. K. Keeler, E. Ros, M. Foucher, M. J. Losty, G. Giacomelli, B. Schmitt, G. T. Zorn, A. D. Schaile, T. Behnke, Erez Etzion, K. J. Anderson, G. W. Wilson, P. Schenk, Paul Kyberd, J. M. Roney, D. Karlen, R. Kowalewski, H. M. Bosch, C. K. Hargrove, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, R. J. Barlow, C. Burgard, F. K. Loebinger, M. Hauschild, P. M. Watkins, R. Yaari, G. N. Patrick, Stefan Kluth, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, M. S. Dixit, R. J. Hemingway, Shlomit Tarem, A. M. Rossi, Frans Meijers, J. M. Lorah, Gideon Alexander, H. Przysiezniak, Paolo Capiluppi, C. Markus, T. Tsukamoto, P. Paschievici, C. Y. Chang, H. M. Fischer, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, M. F. Turner, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, M. Fierro, A. Michelini, M. Hansroul, Ehud Duchovni, A. C. Janissen, R. P. Middleton, P. Jovanovic, J. G. Layter, M. Jimack, Austin Ball, H. Ihssen, D. Menszner, S. W. Gensler, Alessandro Montanari, S. J. Hillier, T. Hilse, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, T. W. Pritchard, O. Runolfsson, J. R. Carter, R. J. Homer, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, P. S. Wells, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, M. Coupland, P. M. Hattersley, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, M. Jones, R. J. Sobie, P. Scharff-Hansen, Claude Leroy, A. M. Smith, J. P. Pansart, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, Andris Skuja, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, R. Van Kooten, M. G. Rison, T. J. McMahon, W. Mohr, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, O. Schaile, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. G. Shears, D. M. Gingrich, and P. Berlich
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, media_common.quotation_subject, Electron–positron annihilation, Elementary particle, Asymmetry, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Charm (quantum number), Engineering (miscellaneous), media_common, Bar (unit)
Abstract: A measurement is presented of the forwardbackward asymmetry of the processes$e^ + e^ + \to c\bar c$ and$e^ + e^ + \to b\bar b$ at centre of mass energies near 91 GeV. Decays of theZ0 into charm and bottom quarks are identified using 6507 chargedD* mesons, reconstructed in the decaysD*±→D0π±→(K∓π±)π±,D*±→D0π±→(K∓π±π0)π± andD*±→D0π±→(K∓π±π∓π±)π±. Thec quark asymmetry on theZ0 peak is measured to be $$A_{FB}^c = 0.052 \pm 0.028(stat.) \pm 0.012(sys.).$$ The energy dependence of the asymmetry has been investigated at energies close to theZ0 peak. Consistency with the predictions of the Standard Model is found.
Published: 1993

13. Studies of strong and electroweak interactions using final state photon emission in hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: B. C. Shen, Gideon Bella, A. K. Honma, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, W. G. Scott, V. Gibson, G. Quast, Tara Shears, John Baines, R. Kowalewski, Horst Breuker, M. J. Losty, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, T. J. Smith, M. Morii, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, Peter R Hobson, P. Mättig, H. O. Ogren, R. Mir, I. J. Bloodworth, P. S. Wells, James Pinfold, T. Mouthuy, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, G. P. Siroli, P. A. Elcombe, Christoph Schwick, Terry Richard Wyatt, S. Barnett, P. Taras, J. Mildenberger, M. Settles, M. Coupland, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, D. G. Fong, Sachio Komamiya, Harold Nguyen, G. T. Zorn, G. Beaudoin, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, E. Ros, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. Astbury, Mitsuaki Nozaki, M. J. Oreglia, M. Foucher, O. Ganel, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, A. J. Martin, J. Becker, J. Goldberg, A. M. Rossi, C. K. Hargrove, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, F. Odorici, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, M. Hauschild, Shlomo Dado, J. W. Gary, T. Tsukamoto, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, S. Levegrün, G. J. VanDalen, G. W. Wilson, J. C. Clayton, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, X. C. Lou, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, Tohru Takeshita, H. G. Evans, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Giora Mikenberg, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, H. Jeremie, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, Georges Azuelos, C. M. Hawkes, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, Andris Skuja, M. Cooper, P. Singh, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Erez Etzion, G. E. Richards, Daniel Lellouch, D. L. Wagner, C. Jui, Tetsuro Mashimo, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, Peter Sherwood, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, P. G. Estabrooks, Max Weber, S. W. O'Neale, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, N. I. Geddes, R. W. L. Jones, K. J. Anderson, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Takehiko Mori, H. Mes, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, M. Hansroul, J. Hagemann, E. do Couto e Silva, I. P. Duerdoth, M. W. Redmond, W. Gorn, Richard Keeler, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, R. P. Middleton, F. G. Oakham, P. M. Watkins, B. Boden, P. Weber, A. Yeaman, B. Poli, Norbert Wermes, J. Kroll, P. Bock, B. Panzer-Steindel, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, M. Jobes, U. Binder, J. M. Lorah, P. Scharff-Hansen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. L. Rees, T. Kawamoto, J. Hart, O. Schaile, F. X. Gentit, P. Poffenberger, S. Wotton, R. J. Homer, H. M. Fischer, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, J. D. Gillies, A. Michelini, J. E. Conboy, W. Mohr, J. Banks, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, Silvia Arcelli, A. C. Janissen, M. Jimack, John Allison, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, A. D. Schaile, N. J. Tresilian, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, N. K. Watson, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, M. A. Thomson, A. M. Smith, G. A. Beck, D. G. Charton, R. J. Barlow, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, R. D. Heuer, P. Teixeira-Dias, Fabrizio Fabbri, A. Gaidot, R. G. Kellogg, D. J. Miller, A. Pouladdej, D. Van den plas, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, P. M. Hattersley, D. R. Rust, B. Schmitt, H. M. Bosch, S. L. Chu, J. M. Roney, P. Routenburg, James Letts, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Margret Fincke-Keeler, F. Lamarche, V. H. Winterer, F. S. Merritt, D. A. Hinshaw, R. J. Hemingway, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. Behnke, P. Jovanovic, J. A. McKenna, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, R. F. McGowan, G. A. Bahn, John Hobbs, P. Berlich, Alessandro Montanari, L. Köpke, W. J. Collins, C. Wahl, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, J. E. Pilcher, T. W. Pritchard, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, R. Van Kooten, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, A. M. Lee, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, P. Bright-Thomas, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, P. F. Harrison, T. Hilse, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, O. Runolfsson, M. Tecchio, Phillip Allport, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, Claudio Grandi, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. Pfister, J. G. Layter, J. P. Martin, S. De Jong, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, K. Stephens, and J. R. McNutt
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hadron, Electroweak interaction, Type (model theory), Jet (particle physics), Standard Model, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The cross section and jet rates ofZ0 decays into photons and quarks are compared with matrix element Monte Carlos ofO(ααs). Good agreement is found between data and theoretical predictions. From the ratio of events with three jets plus a photon to those with two jets plus a photon, αs in first order is determined to be 0.176±0.010. Combining the cross section of final state photon events with the LEP average hadronic partial decay width of theZ0, the widths of theZ0 into up and down type quarks can be calculated. The results $$\begin{gathered} \Gamma _{u - type} = 242 \pm 46MeV; \hfill \\ \Gamma _{d - type} = 419 \pm 30MeV \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ are in good agreement with the standard model expectation. A comparison of the measured cross section as a function ofycut with predictions of QCD shower models shows that, at the current level of accuracy ARIADNE and, to a lesser extent, HERWIG and JETSET can reproduce the measurement.
Published: 1993

14. Search for massive, unstable photinos that violate R parity

Author: R. Bartoldus, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, H. O. Ogren, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, B. C. Shen, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Yurko, G. Beaudoin, P. Poffenberger, James Pinfold, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, Erez Etzion, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Silvia Arcelli, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. K. Honma, P. W. Jeffreys, Stefan Kluth, M. Jones, Richard Keeler, Shlomit Tarem, Gideon Bella, W. G. Scott, G. Giacomelli, G. T. Zorn, Shlomo Dado, S. L. Chu, R. Kowalewski, Otmar Biebel, Peter Sherwood, G. E. Richards, J. Hart, T. J. Smith, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. D. Gillies, R.J. Akers, B. Schmitt, J. W. Gary, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, J. C. Clayton, R. J. Barlow, J. Kroll, P. Schenk, O. Schaile, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. Igo-Kemenes, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, P. Bright-Thomas, H. Jeremie, D. J. Miller, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, M. J. Losty, F. X. Gentit, X. C. Lou, Giora Mikenberg, C. Jui, J. E. Conboy, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, P. Mättig, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, U. Maur, I. J. Bloodworth, R. P. Middleton, H. Deng, R. Humbert, N. I. Geddes, A. Pouladdej, F. Odorici, R. Lahmann, J. G. Layter, M. Hansroul, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. A. Hinshaw, D. C. Imrie, J. Goldberg, B. Boden, B. Poli, Gregor Herten, J. M. Roney, M. Settles, Norbert Wermes, A. D. Schaile, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, B. Nellen, F. S. Merritt, C. Wahl, M. Morii, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Foucher, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Tohru Takeshita, H. M. Fischer, G. A. Snow, B. Wilkens, C. P. Ward, A. M. Smith, H. Takeda, P. Leblanc, John Hobbs, Peter R Hobson, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R. J. Homer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, D. L. Rees, F. G. Oakham, Madjid Boutemeur, G. W. Wilson, V. H. Winterer, T. Behnke, R. Mir, G. P. Siroli, Georges Azuelos, G. Vasseur, Margret Fincke-Keeler, B. Lorazo, J. E. Pilcher, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, H. Przysiezniak, Andris Skuja, Christoph Schwick, F. Lamarche, P. G. Estabrooks, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, S. A. Robins, M. Fierro, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, J. P. Martin, R. J. Hemingway, J. A. McKenna, M. Hauschild, Tetsuro Mashimo, Takehiko Mori, P. Pfister, P. E.L. Clarke, P. S. Wells, P. M. Watkins, H. G. Evans, S. Barnett, M. J. Oreglia, J. Steuerer, S. De Jong, Max Weber, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, M. J. Goodrick, D. Menszner, T. Hilse, Randall Sobie, I. Cohen, G. D. Lafferty, Terry Richard Wyatt, O. Runolfsson, W. Gorn, B. Fabbro, A. Yeaman, B. Panzer-Steindel, J. C. Hill, N. K. Watson, Misao Sasaki, Alessandro Montanari, J. R. Carter, T. W. Pritchard, G. N. Patrick, C. Beeston, M. Coupland, Claudio Grandi, D. Hochman, Sachio Komamiya, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, E. Ros, Gunter Wolf, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, P. M. Hattersley, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, K. Stephens, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. F. Harrison, J. R. McNutt, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Ehud Duchovni, S. Wotton, M. Jimack, P. Weber, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, C. J. Virtue, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, A. Astbury, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, M. W. Redmond, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Tara Shears, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, D. R. Rust, A. M. Lee, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, R. E. Hughes-Jones, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, P. A. Elcombe, J. Becker, G. J. VanDalen, J. M. Lorah, and W. Mohr
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Magnetic moment, Solar neutrino, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Supersymmetry, Parameter space, lcsh:QC1-999, Nuclear physics, R-parity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Photino, Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Lepton
Abstract: A search for unstable, massive photinos pair produced in e + e − collisions has been performed using the OPAL detector at LEP. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 21 pb −1 collected at center-of-mass energies near the Z 0 resonance. The unstable photino is assumed to decay into τ ± / gn l ( l = e or μ ) final states, thereby violating individual lepton numbers and R parity. This search is inspired by a particular model of supersymmetry which is of interest within the context of solar neutrino experiments because it allows for a large neutrino magnetic moment. The present search excludes a large portion of the parameter space allowed by the model.
Published: 1993

15. Measurement of the B0 and B+ lifetimes

Author: W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, G. Transtromer, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, M. Fincke-Keeler, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, Silvia Arcelli, Tara Shears, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, R. Sobie, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, P. Bright-Thomas, Horst Breuker, H. M. Fischer, E. do Couto e Silva, J. Pinfold, C. Burgard, F. C. Grant, P. E.L. Clarke, M. A. Whalley, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, O. Ganel, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, R. Yaari, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. Simon, D. L. Rees, A. Buijs, M. Jobes, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, U. Binder, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. G. Estabrooks, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. Scharff-Hansen, J. Kroll, G. Yekutieli, F. X. Gentit, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. E. Conboy, P. M. Watkins, G. Beaudoin, D. R. Rust, A. Pouladdej, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, B. C. Shen, C. Schwick, A. M. Smith, F. S. Merritt, J. Steuerer, D. Strom, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, A. Astbury, M. W. Redmond, W. G. Scott, Richard Keeler, Norbert Wermes, T. Kawamoto, G. M. Dallavale, N. I. Geddes, A. J. Martin, J. A. McKenna, Shlomo Dado, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, F. G. Oakham, D. Hochman, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, M. Morii, S. Bethke, P. Taras, Peter R Hobson, R. Kowalewski, B. Boden, Marco Cuffiani, Mitsuaki Nozaki, R. F. McGowan, Claude Leroy, D. G. Fong, J. P. Pansart, B. Poli, J. Gascon, J. Hart, S. Orito, P. Weber, S. Tarem, T. Behnke, Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, X. C. Lou, H. von der Schmitt, M. J. Losty, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, John Allison, G. Quast, C. K. Hargrove, S. L. Chu, J. R. McNutt, J. D. Gillies, Gideon Bella, P. Pfister, R. Mir, S. W. Gensler, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, T. Hilse, J. Banks, J. W. Gary, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, T. Mouthuy, S. J. Hillier, P. Paschievici, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, N. J. Tresilian, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. D. Heuer, R. G. Kellogg, J. von Krogh, O. Runolfsson, Andris Skuja, Fabrizio Fabbri, M. Coupland, R. J. Barlow, D. Van den plas, G. T. Zorn, O. Schaile, S. Barnett, D. J. Miller, D. S. Koetke, A. D. Schaile, John Hobbs, Tetsuro Mashimo, Dave Robinson, Stefano Marcellini, T. Wlodek, Tohru Takeshita, M. H. Lehto, L. A. del Pozo, James Letts, N. J. Thackray, V. H. Winterer, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, K. Stephens, Michael Dittmar, F. Lamarche, Claudio Grandi, Georges Azuelos, P. F. Harrison, W. Gorn, M. J. Oreglia, A. Yeaman, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, R. J. Hemingway, M. A. Thomson, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, G. A. Bahan, D. Pitman, A. A. Carter, P. Singh, N. K. Watson, Stephen Lloyd, P. M. Hattersley, Max Weber, M. Tecchio, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, R. Van Kooten, V. Gibson, P. Berlich, P. Jovanovic, A. Gaidot, M. Sproston, L. Köpke, W. J. Collins, M. Hauschild, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, G. A. Beck, J. R. Carter, Austin Ball, R. W. L. Jones, G. N. Patrick, John Baines, G. D. Lafferty, P. Poffenberger, R. Lahmann, D. Menszner, P. Teixeira-Dias, Phillip Allport, S. W. O'Neale, B. Panzer-Steindel, S. Schreiber, P. Routenburg, C. Markus, C. J. Oram, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Alessandro Montanari, T. W. Pritchard, T. J. McMahon, K. J. Anderson, G. P. Siroli, J. Schwiening, D. R. Ward, J. P. Martin, R. K. Carnegie, P. A. Elcombe, J. Hagemann, D. C. Imrie, H. Przysiezniak, B. Schmitt, J. C. Clayton, J. A. Wilson, S. De Jong, M. Fierro, M. Yurko, M. Rosvick, J. Becker, W. Schappert, A. Wagner, P. W. Jeffreys, A. M. Lee, C. Wahl, G. J. VanDalen, L. Levinson, R. Shypit, M. Hansroul, C. Jui, J. E. Pilcher, D. Lellouch, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, J. M. Lorah, W. Mohr, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, D. A. Hinshaw, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, F. Odorici, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, G. Mikenberg, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, M. Kwano, J. M. Roney, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, A. K. Honma, T. J. Smith, P. Mättig, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Takehiko Mori, P. D. Acton, E. Duchovni, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, S. Rossberg, J. G. Layter, R. P. Middleton, S. Wotton, G. G. Hanson, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, G. Giacomelli, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, and Frans Meijers
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Hadronic decay, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Silicon, chemistry, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: From a data sample of approximately 240 000 hadronic Z 0 decays recorded during 1991 a sample of about 130 semileptonic B hadron decays containing a D 0 , D + or D ∗+ has been isolated. Using silicon microvertex detector information the decay vertices in these events have been reconstructed. The average B hadron lifetime of the mix of B hadrons in this event sample is measured to be 1.51 −0.14 +0.16 ±0.11 ps. From the distribution of decay times in the different samples the lifetimes of the B 0 and B + mesons are determined to be 1.51 −0.23−0.14 +0.24+0.12 ps and 1.51 −0.28−0.14 +0.30+0.12 ps, respectively. The measured ratio of the B + to B 0 lifetimes of 1.00 −0.25 +0.33 ±0.08 supports expectations that the lifetimes are similar.
Published: 1993

16. Measurement of the averageb hadron lifetime inZ 0 decays

Author: J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, A. Astbury, G. Beaudoin, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, Erez Etzion, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, Tohru Takeshita, I. J. Bloodworth, Shlomo Dado, K. Stephens, Stefan Kluth, A. Skillman, J. R. McNutt, F. S. Merritt, B. Schmitt, Shlomit Tarem, J. G. Layter, Georges Azuelos, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, D. Axen, C. K. Hargrove, M. Settles, X. C. Lou, A. Jawahery, F. Odorici, M. Sproston, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, R. Batoldus, V. Gibson, H. Takeda, G. Quast, Madjid Boutemeur, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Hart, J. D. Gillies, F. G. Oakham, D. Pitman, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, John Baines, T. J. McMahon, M. Foucher, D. J. Miller, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Gideon Bella, P. Routenburg, N. I. Geddes, Max Weber, Peter Sherwood, F. Lamarche, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Matthias Schröder, Giora Mikenberg, P. Jovanovic, H. J. Burckhart, Sachio Komamiya, C. Jui, Austin Ball, M. H. Lehto, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, D. Menszner, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Alessandro Montanari, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Gideon Alexander, H. Lafoux, R. P. Middleton, Otmar Biebel, Paolo Capiluppi, S. L. Chu, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, G. W. Wilson, D. R. Ward, G. E. Richards, D. E. Plane, C. Y. Chang, J. Schwiening, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, B. C. Shen, Andris Skuja, T. G. Shears, J. A. McKenna, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, G. Transtromer, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, B. Boden, K. Runge, Gunter Wolf, A. D. Schaile, Tetsuro Mashimo, P. Bentkowski, T. P. Kokott, P. M. Watkins, P. Igo-Kemenes, P. A. Elcombe, R. K. Carnegie, A. Luig, P. Bock, J. P. Martin, B. Poli, A. K. Honma, Ehud Duchovni, V. H. Winterer, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, M. W. Redmond, P. M. Hattersley, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Daniel Lellouch, J. R. Batley, D. M. Gingrich, Silvia Arcelli, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. J.P. Dumas, S. De Jong, W. G. Scott, H. Ihssen, H. Jeremie, W. Gorn, P. Pfister, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, J. A. Wilson, H. M. Fischer, D. L. Rees, Takehiko Mori, John Hobbs, W. R. Gibson, J. Becker, S. W. Gensler, R. Kowalewski, R. Lahmann, H. Mes, U. Maur, P. Berlich, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, S. Wotton, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, L. Köpke, J. C. Clayton, D. C. Imrie, D. A. Hinshaw, P. Scharff-Hansen, J. W. Gary, W. Schappert, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, A. Beck, I. P. Duerdoth, M. J. Losty, J. M. Roney, S. A. Robins, A. M. Smith, E. Heflin, P. E.L. Clarke, T. W. Pritchard, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, J. Steuerer, D. R. Rust, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, J. Goldberg, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, G. J. VanDalen, M. Morii, M. Jimack, Peter R Hobson, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, B. Nellen, P. F. Harrison, G. M. Dallavalle, E. do Couto e Silva, P. Leblanc, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, E. Torrente-Lujan, Roger Barlow, John Allison, G. G. Hanson, R. E. Hughes-Jones, H. O. Ogren, T. Behnke, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, M. Hansroul, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, R. Yaari, J. von Krogh, A. M. Lee, T. J. Smith, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, I. Cohen, R. Mir, P. Schenk, P. Weber, J. E. Conboy, R. G. Kellogg, M. S. Dixit, A. Yeaman, Frans Meijers, Dave Robinson, D. S. Koetke, A. M. Rossi, N. K. Watson, J. M. Lorah, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, L. A. del Pozo, C. Sbarra, T. Tsukamoto, Stefano Marcellini, S. Levegrün, J. Kroll, R. J. Homer, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, James Letts, W. Mohr, P. Mättig, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, F. X. Gentit, G. T. Zorn, A. A. Carter, M. J. Oreglia, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Pouladdej, B. Fabbro, J. R. Carter, B. Panzer-Steindel, G. N. Patrick, G. Giacomelli, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, P. Bright-Thomas, R. J. Hemingway, M. A. Thomson, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, C. Beeston, Claudio Grandi, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, P. Poffenberger, M. Hauschild, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, F. C. Grant, R.J. Akers, O. Schaile, M. A. Whalley, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, J. E. Pilcher, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, M. F. Turner, B. W. Kennedy, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Tatsuo Kawamoto, M. Jones, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, P. S. Wells, Terry Richard Wyatt, and M. Coupland
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Maximum likelihood, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Detector, Elementary particle, Electron, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quantum field theory, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: A sample of 2610 electron candidates and 2762 muon candidates identified in hadronicZ0 decays has been used to measure the averageb hadron lifetime. These data were recorded with the OPAL detector during 1990 and 1991. Maximum likelihood fits to the distributions of the lepton impact parameters yield an averageb hadron lifetime of $$\tau _b = 1523 \pm 34 \pm 38fs$$ , where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This result is a weighted average over the semileptonic branching fractions and production rates of theb hadrons produced inZ0 decays.
Published: 1993

17. Precision measurements of the neutral current from hadron and lepton production at LEP

Author: D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, A. Astbury, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. D. Schaile, O. Ganel, A. J. Martin, G. M. Dallavalle, J. E. Conboy, V. H. Winterer, J. von Krogh, J. Kroll, C. Wahl, C. K. Hargrove, P. E.L. Clarke, Dave Robinson, F. X. Gentit, L. A. del Pozo, P. Berlich, J. E. Pilcher, B. Boden, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, J. C. Clayton, J. Steuerer, P. M. Hattersley, A. Pouladdej, T. Hilse, L. Köpke, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, G. A. Beck, B. Poli, Tohru Takeshita, P. Weber, S. Wotton, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, James Pinfold, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, O. Runolfsson, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. R. Batley, P. S. Wells, Georges Azuelos, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, S. J. Hiller, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, D. G. Fong, F. Lamarche, A. A. Carter, R. Van Kooten, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, T. Mouthuy, Terry Richard Wyatt, B. Schmitt, J. M. Lorah, J. Goldberg, K. W. Bell, N. I. Geddes, Max Weber, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. Coupland, F. S. Merritt, Silvia Arcelli, W. Mohr, O. Schaile, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, B. Nellen, W. J. Collins, P. Leblanc, G. T. Zorn, J. Banks, Randall Sobie, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, B. C. Shen, H. Mes, R. Yaari, M. W. Redmond, S. Bethke, Tara Shears, P. A. Elcombe, G. D. Lafferty, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, C. Leroy, A. K. Honma, Richard Keeler, I. P. Duerdoth, Marco Cuffiani, D. E. Plane, C. Y. Chang, Margret Fincke-Keeler, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. F. Kral, Horst Breuker, H. Jeremie, D. Van den plas, R. E. Hughes-Jones, A. M. Rossi, T. W. Pritchard, P. Jovanovic, H. G. Evans, J. Becker, P. F. Harrison, W. G. Scott, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Norbert Wermes, Claudio Grandi, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, G. J. VanDalen, S. W. O'Neale, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, U. Maur, J. A. McKenna, D. R. Rust, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, T. Tsukamoto, K. J. Anderson, R. Kowalewski, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, M. Tecchio, P. Bentkowski, S. L. Chu, S. Barnett, J. Mildenberger, J. P. Pansart, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Andris Skuja, J. A. Wilson, Harold Nguyen, E. do Coto e Silva, D. L. Rees, A. Michelini, M. A. Thomson, P. Pfister, Alessandro Montanari, A. C. Janissen, M. J. Losty, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, A. Gaidot, M. F. Turner, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, R. F. McGowan, P. Taras, J. M. Roney, M. Sproston, Erez Etzion, Tetsuro Mashimo, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, M. Hauschild, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, R. Mir, Alan Watson, Mitsuaki Nozaki, W. Schappert, G. Beaudoin, K. Stephens, B. W. Kennedy, J. R. McNutt, H. Ihssen, C. Markus, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, P. Paschievici, W. Gorn, John Hobbs, D. J.P. Dumas, G. A. Bahan, M. Jimack, John Allison, P. G. Estabrooks, S. W. Gensler, R. P. Middleton, T. Kobayashi, V. Gibson, F. Odorici, A. Buijs, C. J. Virtue, G. Quast, M. Jobes, U. Binder, P. Poffenberger, C. Jui, P. Scharff-Hansen, W. R. Gibson, Shlomo Dado, M. J. Oreglia, M. Hansroul, D. M. Strom, John Baines, R. G. Kellogg, J. W. Gary, F. G. Oakham, A. M. Smith, P. M. Watkins, Phillip Allport, A. Beck, E. Heflin, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, G. Vasseur, X. C. Lou, B. Lorazo, J. Hart, Tatsuo Kawamoto, R. J. Homer, R. M. Brown, D. S. Koetke, Lorne Levinson, Stefano Marcellini, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, J. D. Gillies, Giora Mikenberg, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, E. Torrente-Lujan, Roger Barlow, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, D. J. Miller, James Letts, J. G. Layter, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, J. P. Martin, A. M. Lee, S. De Jong, P. Bright-Thomas, R. J. Hemingway, G. G. Hanson, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, Peter Sherwood, Sachio Komamiya, N. J. Tresilan, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, E. Ros, P. Singh, J. Hagemann, R. W. L. Jones, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, Takehiko Mori, B. Panzer-Steindel, G. Giacomelli, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, D. A. Hinshaw, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, T. J. Smith, T. Behnke, P. Mättig, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. Duckeck, G. W. Wilson, R. Ströhmer, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, H. M. Bosch, and Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Neutral current, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Electroweak interaction, Nuclear physics, Pair production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Born approximation, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Bhabha scattering, Lepton
Abstract: New measurements of the hadronic and leptonic cross sections and of the leptonic forward-backward asymmetries ine+e− collisions are presented. The analysis includes data recorded up to the end of 1991 by the OPAL experiment at LEP, with centre-of-mass energies within ±3 GeV of the Z0 mass. The results are based on a recorded total of 454 000 hadronic and 58 000 leptonic events. A model independent analysis of Z0 parameters based on an extension of the improved Born approximation is presented leading to test of lepton universality and an interpretation of the results within the Standard Model framework. The determination of the mass and width of the Z0 benefit from an improved understanding of the LEP energy calibration.
Published: 1993

18. QCD coherence studies using two particle azimuthal correlations

Author: P. Singh, M. Hauschild, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, T. R. Wyatt, Silvia Arcelli, R. W. L. Jones, M. Hansroul, H. Przysiezniak, P. Le Du, J. C. Clayton, B. Panzer-Steindel, Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, J. P. Martin, J. Hart, G. Beaudoin, G. Giacomelli, Andris Skuja, C. Wahl, J. D. Gillies, C. P. Howarth, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, J. E. Pilcher, Tetsuro Mashimo, M. Jimack, John Allison, O. Schaile, R. J. Homer, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, S. De Jong, Gideon Bella, Tohru Takeshita, T. J. Smith, D. J. Miller, Shlomo Dado, T. Hilse, A. Simon, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, Otmar Biebel, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, P. Mättig, O. Runolfsson, G. E. Richards, P. M. Watklins, F. C. Grant, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Poffenberger, M. A. Whalley, F. S. Merritt, F. Lamarche, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, Peter Sherwood, Georges Azuelos, W. Gorn, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, X. C. Lou, R. Van Kooten, P. A. Elcombe, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, D. Pitman, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, G. A. Bahan, Takehiko Mori, Claudio Grandi, N. I. Geddes, Max Weber, H. Deng, R. Humbert, G. D. Lafferty, H. Mes, P. Jovanovic, D. C. Imrie, A. Buijs, Giora Mikenberg, J. C. Hill, M. H. Lehto, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, I. P. Duerdoth, M. Yurko, Misao Sasaki, D. M. Strom, P. W. Jeffreys, B. C. Shen, I. J. Bloodworth, C. Jui, J. Hagemann, P. Igo-Kemenes, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, T. Mouthuy, A. M. Lee, Tatsuo Kawamoto, Alessandro Montanari, H. J. Burckardt, R. G. Kellogg, Margret Fincke-Keeler, G. Maringer, A. K. Honma, M. Settles, R. J. Hemingway, P. G. Estabrooks, D. L. Rees, J. Becker, John Hobbs, Stefano Marcellini, W. G. Scott, D. G. Fong, M. Foucher, G. J. VanDalen, A. D. Schaile, James Letts, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, R. Kowalewski, G. P. Siroli, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, P. Pfister, G. W. Wilson, A. Astbury, K. J. Anderson, D. Karlen, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, R. Mir, J. A. McKenna, C. Burgard, G. T. Zorn, S. Wotton, F. G. Oakham, G. Duckeck, V. H. Winterer, Christoph Schwick, O. Ganel, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, V. Gibson, M. J. Losty, R. Ströhmer, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, E. do Couto e Silva, A. J. Martin, P. Taras, A. Yeaman, A. M. Rossi, P. S. Wells, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Mitsuaki Nozaki, T. Tsukamoto, M. J. Oreglia, B. W. Kennedy, H. M. Fischer, J. Goldberg, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, N. K. Watson, R. F. McGowan, M. Jobes, U. Binder, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, J. M. Lorah, M. Coupland, B. Nellen, J. Banks, P. Scharff-Hansen, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. J. Collins, Randall Sobie, W. Mohr, P. Leblanc, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, N. J. Tresilian, S. Weisz, G. N. Patrick, J. W. Gary, S. Bougerolle, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, H. O. Ogren, D. Van den plas, Richard Keeler, M. W. Redmond, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, C. K. Hargrove, T. W. Pritchard, S. Levergrün, A. Rollnik, J. M. Roney, B. Lorazo, J. R. Carter, H. G. Evans, D. R. Rust, M. J. Goodrick, F. Odorici, J. E. Conboy, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Claude Leroy, P. Lennert, Phillip Allport, I. Cohen, J. P. Pansart, P. Weber, J. Kroll, A. Gaidot, F. X. Gentit, R. Yaari, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, S. Bethke, B. Boden, D. A. Hinshaw, Marco Cuffiani, P. Routenburg, B. Poli, A. Pouladdej, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, Erez Etzion, Tara Shears, J. R. Batley, D. E. Plane, C. Y. Chang, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, M. Morii, S. W. O'Neale, Stephen Hillier, Peter R Hobson, T. Behnke, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Gideon Alexander, R. P. Middleton, Horst Breuker, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, P. M. Hattersley, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, P. F. Harrison, E. Heflin, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, R. M. Brown, M. Tecchio, Lorne Levinson, N. Wermes, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, Roger Barlow, G. G. Hanson, E.J. Prebys, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, G. M. Dallavalle, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, J. G. Layter, and M. F. Turner
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, Perturbative QCD, Parton, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Parton shower, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: From a sample of 146900 hadronicZ 0 decays recorded by the OPAL detector at LEP, we have studied the azimuthal correlations of particles in hadronic events. It is expected that these correlations are sensitive to interference effects in QCD. We have compared the data to QCD Monte Carlo models which include and which do not include interference effects. We find that the distributions of azimuthal correlations are not reproduced by the parton shower models we have tested unless interference effects are included, no matter which hadronisation scheme is used.
Published: 1993

19. Measurements of $$B^0 - \bar B^0 $$ mixing, $${{\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)} {\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)}}$$ and semileptonic branching ratios forb-flavoured hadrons in hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: F. S. Merritt, Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, H. Deng, R. Humbert, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, Madjid Boutemeur, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, M. Yurko, S. A. Robins, J. R. McNutt, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, B. Fabbro, B. Panzer-Steindel, A. Skillman, B. C. Shen, Gregor Herten, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, P. G. Estabrooks, M. Sproston, P. W. Jeffreys, T. G. Shears, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, T. Kobayashi, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, P. Weber, Ehud Duchovni, R. K. Keeler, C. Wahl, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, B. Wilkens, T. Kawamoto, J. Steuerer, R. G. Kellogg, M. Jimack, P. Igo-Kemenes, R. Bartoldus, D. M. Gingrich, H. Ihssen, J. M. Roney, D. S. Koetke, P. M. Watkins, J. W. Gary, J. E. Pilcher, H. O. Ogren, S. Orito, H. Jeremie, W. R. Gibson, G. Quast, J. M. Lorah, M. Rosvick, John Baines, Gideon Bella, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Stefano Marcellini, S. W. Gensler, M. Hansroul, P. Bright-Thomas, R. Kowalewski, C. Sbarra, M. Jones, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, S. J. Hillier, R. Mir, James Letts, C. J. Virtue, P. Berlich, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, V. Gibson, L. Köpke, H. M. Fischer, M. J. Losty, R. J. Sobie, R.J. Akers, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Beck, M. A. Thomson, W. Mohr, E. Heflin, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, J. Kroll, R. M. Brown, D. R. Rust, E. do Couto e Silva, G. J. VanDalen, Michael Dittmar, T. Behnke, P. A. Elcombe, S. L. Lloyd, J. Mildenberger, R. J. Homer, Lorne Levinson, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Harold Nguyen, Claude Leroy, G. G. Hanson, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, J. C. Clayton, G. Yekutieli, B. W. Kennedy, M. J. Oreglia, P. M. Hattersley, J. Becker, J. P. Pansart, Gilles Beaudoin, E. Torrente-Lujan, T. Hilse, P. F. Harrison, R. Yaari, Silvia Arcelli, F. Scharf, M. Tecchio, Margret Fincke-Keeler, N. I. Geddes, F. C. Grant, A. Yeaman, S. Bethke, O. Runolfsson, M. W. Redmond, A. M. Lee, G. Giacomelli, N. K. Watson, A. A. Carter, M. A. Whalley, Marco Cuffiani, R. Van Kooten, P. Mättig, P. Pfister, Erez Etzion, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, C. Beeston, P. Schenk, E. Lefebvre, C. M. Hawkes, Claudio Grandi, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, G. N. Patrick, Gideon Alexander, Stefan Kluth, M. Hauschild, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, M. Sasaki, Takehiko Mori, Paolo Capiluppi, S. L. Chu, Tohru Takeshita, M. G. Rison, F. Odorici, C. Markus, T. W. Pritchard, P. Paschievici, J. R. Carter, G. P. Siroli, J. King, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, Christoph Schwick, P. E.L. Clarke, Shlomit Tarem, J. P. Martin, M. Morii, D. E. Plane, O. Schaile, Georges Azuelos, Peter R Hobson, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. F. Kral, G. D. Lafferty, P. Bentkowski, P. Routenburg, S. De Jong, G. M. Dallavalle, S. W. O'Neale, P. S. Wells, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, J. C. Hill, J. von Krogh, I. J. Bloodworth, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, John Hobbs, J. A. McKenna, D. J.P. Dumas, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, B. Schmitt, R. J. Barlow, H. Przysiezniak, M. Settles, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, M. Coupland, K. J. Anderson, Dave Robinson, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, M. Fierro, R. P. Middleton, M. Foucher, S. Barnett, C. Y. Chang, J. G. Layter, M. F. Turner, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, L. A. del Pozo, C. Burgard, T. J. McMahon, D. Hochman, J. Schwiening, B. Boden, C. Jui, B. Poli, R. K. Carnegie, H. Mes, J. A. Wilson, J. Goldberg, I. P. Duerdoth, B. Nellen, W. Schappert, A. D. Schaile, G. Mikenberg, P. Leblanc, V. H. Winterer, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Gunter Wolf, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, S. Wotton, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, R. W.L. Jones, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Alessandro Montanari, J. Hart, J. D. Gillies, D. J. Miller, J. Lauber, H. Takeda, F. G. Oakham, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, Shlomo Dado, X. C. Lou, D. A. Hinshaw, A. Astbury, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, and P. Bock
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing), Boson, Bar (unit)
Abstract: From a sample of about 450 000 hadronicZ0 decays, measurements of the average$B^0 - \bar B^0 $ mixing parameter, χ, the branching fraction ofZ0 bosons into hadrons containing bottom quarks,${{\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Gamma (Z^0 \to b\bar b)} {\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\Gamma (Z^0 \to hadrons)}}$, the average semileptonic branching ratios for such hadrons,B(b→l) andB(b→c→l), and the mean scaled energy of these hadrons, 〈xE〉, are presented. The measurements were obtained using a simultaneous fit to single-lepton and dilepton events collected with the OPAL detector at LEP, including both electrons and muons. The results are where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively, in each case. The result forB)b→c→l) excludes decays of the typeb→→l.
Published: 1993

20. Evidence for chain-like production of strange baryon pairs in jets

Author: T. P. Kokott, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, F. X. Gentit, A. Beck, C. Markus, S. Komamiya, W. R. Gibson, G. G. Hanson, S. Dado, John Hobbs, A. M. Lee, F. Odorici, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, T. Hilse, J. Schwiening, F. S. Merritt, T. Mashimo, G. W. Wilson, H. O. Ogren, D. L. Rees, K. Stephens, D. Pitman, A. Dieckmann, J. E. Conboy, J. Kroll, S. Bethke, Tara Shears, R. M. Brown, R. J. Hemingway, S. Rossberg, H. Jeremie, Andris Skuja, S. Barnett, J. A. McKenna, H. M. Fischer, M. W. Redmond, W. Mohr, Frans Meijers, Peter R Hobson, G. Duckeck, P. Routenburg, E. Heflin, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Simon, C. Wahl, F. G. Oakham, J. Letts, G. Quast, E. Duchovni, A. Wagner, M. Morii, T. Mori, Horst Breuker, P. A. Elcombe, B. Lorazo, Otmar Biebel, G. N. Patrick, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Cooper, T. Mouthuy, J. Ludwig, A. Yeaman, J. Pinfold, P. M. Watkins, D. C. Imrie, S. Tarem, A. Gaidot, D. Menszner, M. Hansroul, H. G. Evans, T. J. McMahon, P. Weber, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, M. J. Goodrick, S. De Jong, S. Levegrün, J. Hart, Tohru Takeshita, P. Sherwood, H. M. Bosch, F. Lamarche, M. Yurko, P. Mättig, D. Hochman, W. J. Collins, P. Pfister, H. Przysiezniak, H. Deng, Harold Nguyen, N. K. Watson, P. Bentkowski, J. P. Martin, J. D. Gillies, C. Moisan, G. T. Zorn, M. Jimack, B. Panzer-Steindel, C. Jui, Richard Keeler, G. Beaudoin, T. J. Smith, M. Sasaki, P. Berlich, X. C. Lou, R. Humbert, J. Mildenberger, D. E. Plane, C. Y. Chang, S. Marcellini, J. F. Kral, G. P. Siroli, D. R. Rust, J. C. Clayton, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. G. Estabrooks, K. J. Anderson, P. Poffenberger, I. Cohen, C. M. Hawkes, A. Pouladdej, R. E. Hughes-Jones, M. Coupland, C. Burgard, V. Gibson, John Baines, P. Bock, O. Runolfsson, E. Ros, G. Giacomelli, Gideon Bella, J. Hagemann, R. K. Carnegie, C. Leroy, A. C. Janissen, N. I. Geddes, G. Yekutieli, G. Transtromer, M. Kuwano, U. Binder, B. C. Shen, R. Lahmann, W. Schappert, J. C. Hill, H. J. Burckhart, A. Michelini, B. Poli, Carla Sbarra, A. Jawahery, J. P. Pansart, J. R. McNutt, E. Etzion, J. Becker, U. Maur, M. Fierro, T. W. Pritchard, John Allison, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, R. W.L. Jones, R. W. Springer, D. R. Ward, B. Boden, P. W. Jeffreys, M. F. Turner, R. Yaari, Mitsuaki Nozaki, B. W. Kennedy, S. Arcelli, V. H. Winterer, G. M. Dallavalle, S. L. Chu, P. Igo-Kemenes, J. von Krogh, P. F. Harrison, H. Mes, Dave Robinson, G. Azuelos, L. A. del Pozo, G. A. Bahan, M. Hauschild, Alan Watson, P. Kyberd, P. D. Acton, R. F. McGowan, C. K. Hargrove, J. A. Wilson, W. G. Scott, A. Rollnik, M. J. Losty, J. M. Lorah, M. Sproston, A. M. Rossi, M. Jobes, G. D. Lafferty, A. J. Martin, P. Leblanc, D. Lellouch, I. P. Duerdoth, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, H. Ihssen, F. K. Loebinger, M. A. Thomson, J. G. Layter, R. Kowalewski, S. Wotton, R. Ströhmer, L. Levinson, M. Rosvick, G. Alexander, P.P. Singh, F. C. Grant, W. Gorn, P. Bright-Thomas, A. Buijs, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, D. M. Strom, C. Grandi, Tatsuo Kawamoto, O. Schaile, S. Schreiber, R. Giacomelli, K. Runge, N. J. Tresilian, B. Nellen, R. Van Kooten, D. J. Miller, M. Dittmar, J. Steuerer, T. Kobayashi, M. Fincke-Keeler, D. Karlen, J. Goldberg, D. Axen, P. Paschievici, A. K. Honma, C. J. Oram, O. Ganel, G. Vasseur, M. Weber, R. Mir, M. Settles, M. Foucher, M. J. Oreglia, T. Wlodek, P. Schenk, J. E. Pilcher, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, G. Maringer, N. J. Thackray, M. H. Lehto, G. J. VanDalen, E. Torrente-Lujan, Roger Barlow, M. Cuffiani, G. A. Beck, Ian J Bloodworth, A. A. Carter, G. E. Richards, A. Astbury, P. M. Hattersley, S. Orito, T. Tsukamoto, Austin Ball, A. Montanari, P. Jovanovic, J. Banks, J. R. Carter, N. Tesch, C. J. Virtue, M. A. Whalley, G. Mikenberg, T. R. Wyatt, S. W. O'Neale, L. Köpke, Stefan Kluth, J. R. Batley, R. Sobie, R. P. Middleton, C. Geich-Gimbel, P. S. Wells, R. J. Homer, R. Shypit, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, T. Behnke, J. P. Walker, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, J. M. Roney, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, N. Wermes, P. Scharff-Hansen, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, J. W. Gary, A. M. Smith, D. J.P. Dumas, D. A. Hinshaw, A. D. Schaile, K. W. Bell, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, P. Taras, Phillip Allport, Paolo Capiluppi, C. Schwick, and M. S. Dixit
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, Strangeness, Nuclear physics, Baryon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Baryon number, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The production dynamics of baryon-antibaryon pairs are investigated using hadronic Z0 decays, recorded with the OPAL detector, which contain at least two identified Λ baryons. The rapidly difference for Λ Λ pairs shows the correlations expected from models with a chain-like production of baryon-antibaryon pairs. If the baryon number of a Λ is compensated by a Λ , the Λ is found with a probability of 53% in an interval of ±0.6 around the Λ rapidity. This correlation strength is weaker than predicted by the Herwig Monte Carlo and the Jetset Monte Carlo with a production chain of baryon-antibaryon, and stronger than predicted by the UCLA model. The observed rapidity correlations can be described by the Jetset Monte Carlo with a dominant production chain of baryon-meson-antibaryon, the popcorn mechanism. In addition to the short range correlations, one finds an indication of a correlation of Λ Λ pairs in opposite hemispheres if both the Λ and the Λ have large rapidities. Such long range correlations are expected if the primary quark flavours are compensated in opposite hemispheres and if these quarks are found in energetic baryons. Rates for simultaneous baryon and strangeness number compensation for Λ Λ , Ξ − Ξ + and Ξ − Λ ( Λ + Λ ) are measured and compared with different Monte Carlo models.
Published: 1993

21. A measurement of (892)± production in hadronic Z0 decays

Author: J. Steuerer, T. Kobayashi, M. Fincke-Keeler, P. D. Acton, S. Bethke, A. Astbury, P. M. Hattersley, J. Letts, G. Quast, E. Duchovni, L. Köpke, W. Mohr, D. R. Rust, P. A. Elcombe, J. Schwiening, S. J. Hillier, F. Odorici, P. Routenburg, C. Geich-Gimbel, J. Hart, R. Shypit, F. G. Oakham, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, Tara Shears, A. Simon, J. A. Wilson, D. Van den plas, P. Igo-Kemenes, K. Runge, E. Ros, R. M. Brown, S. Tarem, S. Levegrün, T. Mori, P. Bentkowski, T. J. McMahon, Otmar Biebel, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, N. J. Tresilian, G. Mikenberg, B. Nellen, P. S. Wells, G. Duckeck, C. M. Hawkes, A. Pouladdej, H. Przysiezniak, H. Deng, E. Torrente-Lujan, X. C. Lou, B. Poli, Tohru Takeshita, R. Humbert, S. W. O'Neale, W. Schappert, Carla Sbarra, Roger Barlow, R. J. Homer, G. G. Hanson, S. Dado, Horst Breuker, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, G. Beaudoin, S. Wotton, R. Ströhmer, D. Karlen, F. Lamarche, R. Yaari, M. H. Lehto, J. Goldberg, F. C. Grant, C. Markus, G. Giacomelli, T. Hilse, B. C. Shen, L. Levinson, W. Gorn, R. Sobie, G. N. Patrick, H. O. Ogren, S. Bougerolle, E.J. Prebys, P. Paschievici, C. J. Virtue, O. Ganel, S. Komamiya, J. F. Kral, A. M. Lee, D. Axen, D. Pitman, A. K. Honma, G. P. Siroli, N. I. Geddes, T. Wlodek, N. Tesch, Frans Meijers, P. Bright-Thomas, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, T. P. Kokott, C. Grandi, T. R. Wyatt, S. Arcelli, S. Rossberg, H. Jeremie, M. Jimack, B. Panzer-Steindel, C. Jui, A. Dieckmann, J. E. Conboy, J. C. Hill, Tatsuo Kawamoto, M. Cooper, G. J. VanDalen, Stefan Kluth, S. Schreiber, W. J. Collins, Peter R Hobson, R. J. Hemingway, J. Banks, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, F. X. Gentit, R. Mir, D. J. Miller, P. Weber, J. Kroll, C. J. Oram, F. K. Loebinger, Gideon Bella, G. Yekutieli, D. E. Plane, J. Ludwig, A. Yeaman, M. A. Thomson, E. do Couto e Silva, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, E. Heflin, D. L. Rees, K. Stephens, H. J. Burckhart, D. Hochman, J. Pinfold, Jacqueline Batley, Richard Keeler, C. K. Hargrove, M. J. Oreglia, P. Pfister, P. Sherwood, S. Marcellini, Ian J Bloodworth, C. Wahl, T. J. Smith, M. Cuffani, N. K. Watson, A. Beck, C. Moisan, P. M. Watkins, Alan Watson, G. Transtromer, G. Azuelos, D. J.P. Dumas, O. Runolfsson, A. Gaidot, S. Orito, F. S. Merritt, A. Rollnik, W. R. Gibson, M. Sasaki, A. Montanari, S. W. Gensler, R. K. Carnegie, C. Leroy, A. D. Schaile, J. R. Carter, John Hobbs, U. Binder, J. R. McNutt, Austin Ball, A. C. Janissen, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, G. Vasseur, P. Berlich, S. De Jong, M. Weber, E. Etzion, J. Becker, U. Maur, T. Mashimo, M. J. Losty, P. Mättig, M. Sproston, M. Settles, G. A. Bahan, T. Tsukamoto, G. W. Wilson, Mitsuaki Nozaki, J. A. McKenna, J. P. Martin, M. Foucher, J. D. Gillies, J. Mildenberger, B. Lorazo, H. M. Fischer, R. E. Hughes-Jones, A. Wagner, M. Coupland, P. Schenk, B. W. Kennedy, D. C. Imrie, C. Burgard, M. A. Whalley, J. E. Pilcher, V. Gibson, V. H. Winterer, John Baines, G. M. Dallavalle, D. R. Ward, B. Boden, M. Hansroul, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. Taras, J. von Krogh, P. Poffenberger, P. F. Harrison, H. Mes, J. P. Pansart, Phillip Allport, Peter Clarke, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, M. Hauschild, J. C. Clayton, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. G. Estabrooks, I. Cohen, K. J. Anderson, P. Kyberd, W. G. Scott, T. W. Pritchard, John Allison, Paolo Capiluppi, C. Schwick, J. M. Lorah, A. M. Rossi, R. F. McGowan, M. S. Dixit, M. Jobes, G. D. Lafferty, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Leblanc, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, R. W.L. Jones, G. E. Richards, K. W. Bell, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, O. Schaile, D. Menszner, Harold Nguyen, R. P. Middleton, J. Hagemann, P. Bock, A. Michelini, M. Kuwano, R. Lahmann, G. Alexander, P.P. Singh, M. W. Redmond, M. Rosvick, H. M. Bosch, A. A. Carter, T. Mouthuy, G. T. Zorn, N. Wermes, P. Scharff-Hansen, B. Schmitt, J. W. Gary, A. M. Smith, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, D. A. Hinshaw, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P. Jovanovic, J. P. Walker, D. G. Fong, A. Jawahery, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, J. M. Roney, R. W. Springer, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Andris Skuja, S. Barnett, A. J. Martin, D. Lellouch, T. Behnke, I. P. Duerdoth, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, H. Ihssen, J. G. Layter, R. Kowalewski, G. Maringer, N. J. Thackray, R. Van Kooten, and M. Dittmar
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Particle physics, Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Event (particle physics), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This is the post-print version of the Article - Copyright @ 1993 Elsevier. Measurements are presented of the inclusive cross section for K∗(892)± production in hadronic decays of the Z0 using a sample of about half a million events recorded with the OPAL experiment at LEP. Charged K∗ mesons are reconstructed in the decay channel K0Sπ±. A mean rate of 0.72±0.02±0.08 K∗ mesons per hadronic event is found. Comparison of the results with predictions of the JETSET and HERWIG models shows that JETSET overestimates the K∗± production cross section while HERWIG is consistent with the data. This study was supported by the Department of Energy, USA, National Science Foundation, USA, Science and Engineering Research Council, UK, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada, Israeli Ministry of Science, Minerva Gesellschaft, Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (the Monbusho) and a grant under the Monbusho International Science Research Program, American Israeli Bi-national Science Foundation, Direction des Sciences de la Matibre du Commissariat ~ l'Energie Atomique, France, Bundesministerium f'fir Forschung und Technologie, FRG, National Research Council of Canada, Canada, A.P. Sloan Foundation and Junta Nacional de Investigag~o Ciendfica e Tecnolrgica, Portugal.
Published: 1993

22. A study of the electric charge distributions of quark and gluon jets in hadronic Z0 decays

Author: T. W. Pritchard, D. E. Plane, J. Gascon, J. A. Wilson, Horst Breuker, K. Stephens, G. Yekutieli, R. Giacomelli, H. M. Bosch, S. Levegrün, M. Cuffiani, A. Jawahery, D. J. Miller, Tohru Takeshita, M. A. Thomson, I. Cohen, R. F. McGowan, Alan Watson, J. P. Walker, A. M. Rossi, Richard Keeler, J. Mildenberger, M. Weber, I. J. Bloodworth, R. Mir, G. D. Lafferty, R. W. Springer, John Carter, John Hobbs, D. J.P. Dumas, M. Jimack, M. Kuwano, P. Bright-Thomas, P. Kyberd, J. P. Pansart, J. F. Kral, J. Allison, J. Steuerer, D. Karlen, T. Wlodek, R. J. Hemingway, C. J. Oram, A. Gaidot, Gideon Bella, W. R. Gibson, S. W. O'Neale, H. J. Burckhart, P. M. Hattersley, A. Wagner, H. Przysiezniak, F. C. Grant, J. Hagemann, O. Runolfsson, R. Ströhmer, D. C. Imrie, S. Wotton, D. A. Hinshaw, B. Panzer-Steindel, E. Ros, R. J. Homer, J. Hart, A. Astbury, J. P. Martin, A. Rollnik, U. Maur, H. Mes, K. Runge, S. Kluth, G. Vasseur, W. Gorn, D. Hochman, P. Mättig, Carla Sbarra, P. Igo-Kemenes, R. D. Heuer, P. Berlich, B. C. Shen, R. W.L. Jones, J. C. Hill, J. D. Gillies, J. R. Batley, T. J. McMahon, M. A. Whalley, P. Bentkowski, P. A. Elcombe, J. C. Clayton, T. Kawamoto, T. Hilse, J. Pinfold, P. G. Estabrooks, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, D. Van den plas, T. Tsukamoto, A. Beck, D. Menszner, John Baines, J. Becker, G. G. Hanson, P. S. Wells, C. Geich-Gimbel, R. G. Kellogg, G. P. Siroli, J. M. Lorah, G. Transtromer, G. Alexander, A. Pouladdej, Phillip Allport, D. Lellouch, J. Letts, S. Orito, G. J. VanDalen, T. Behnke, Andris Skuja, J. Kroll, M. Dittmar, C. K. Hargrove, D. S. Koetke, G. Maringer, D. R. Ward, V. H. Winterer, R. M. Brown, P. M. Watkins, U. Binder, M. Yurko, T. R. Wyatt, R. J. Barlow, A. M. Lee, M. J. Oreglia, G. T. Zorn, M. Hansroul, B. Nellen, P. Taras, C. Moisan, J. Goldberg, O. Biebel, R. Sobie, S. Bethke, C. Burgard, P. Bock, A. Buijs, C. Schwick, G. Mikenberg, M. Sasaki, N. I. Geddes, T. P. Kokott, L. Levinson, P. Singh, D. M. Strom, S. Tarem, A. Dieckmann, C. J. Virtue, N. J. Tresilian, F. G. Oakham, D. R. Rust, A. A. Carter, T. Mashimo, A. J. Martin, R. P. Middleton, F. S. Merritt, J. E. Pilcher, T. J. Smith, F. X. Gentit, Austin Ball, K. J. Anderson, W. J. Collins, W. Schappert, S. Barnett, Maurice Goodrick, Paolo Capiluppi, E. Heflin, N. K. Watson, C. P. Ward, F. Lamarche, M. Nozaki, B. Schmitt, R. E. Hughes-Jones, G. W. Wilson, P. Poffenberger, O. Ganel, P. Routenburg, C. Wahl, B. Lorazo, J. W. Gary, Harold Nguyen, H. G. Evans, A. D. Schaile, C. Grandi, T. Mori, P. Weber, E. do Couto e Silva, L. Köpke, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Teixeira-Dias, T. Kobayashi, G. Quast, G. Duckeck, G. Azuelos, W. G. Scott, J. A. McKenna, M. Hauschild, M. S. Dixit, A. Montanari, E. Torrente-Lujan, J. Ludwig, S. De Jong, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, H. Deng, S. Marcellini, C. M. Hawkes, J. Schwiening, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, X. C. Lou, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. J. Losty, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. Axen, R. Yaari, P. Pfister, F. Odorici, E. Etzion, M. Rosvick, S. Arcelli, M. Tecchio, M. Coupland, P. Sherwood, G. A. Beck, C. Markus, G. Giacomelli, J. R. McNutt, A. Simon, P. Jovanovic, M. Cooper, H. M. Fischer, S. Rossberg, P. W. Jeffreys, M. Fincke-Keeler, A. M. Smith, H. O. Ogren, M. Settles, M. W. Redmond, R. Shypit, R. Kowalewski, O. Schaile, M. Sproston, G. N. Patrick, K. W. Bell, G. A. Bahan, S. W. Gensler, F. K. Loebinger, B. Poli, S. J. Hillier, M. H. Lehto, J. E. Conboy, P. E.L. Clarke, M. Fierro, D. G. Fong, H. von der Schmitt, H. Jeremie, J. G. Layter, N. Wermes, I. P. Duerdoth, A. Michelini, M. Foucher, P. Leblanc, M. Jobes, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, N. J. Thackray, B. W. Kennedy, T. Mouthuy, P. Paschievici, A. C. Janissen, J. M. Roney, R. Lahmann, H. Ihssen, A. Yeaman, S. Dado, A. K. Honma, S. Komamiya, P. R. Hobson, W. Mohr, Frans Meijers, R. Humbert, J. Banks, P. Schenk, E. Duchovni, G. A. Snow, D. L. Rees, C. Leroy, S. L. Chu, S. Schreiber, V. Gibson, C. Jui, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, K. Kawagoe, P. F. Harrison, R. K. Carnegie, B. Boden, G. M. Dallavalle, J. von Krogh, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Dave Robinson, N. Tesch, L. A. del Pozo, G. Beaudoin, D. Pitman, G. E. Richards, R. Van Kooten, Franco Luigi Fabbri, and Tara Shears
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Charge conservation, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Charge (physics), Jet (particle physics), Bottom quark, Electric charge, Gluon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: A sample of three-jet events containing a lepton with high momentum and transverse momentum is selected from hadronic decays of the Z0. The presence of the lepton indicates the semi-leptonic decay of a bottom quark and allows us, in combination with energy ordering of the jets, to distinguish between quark and gluon jets. The sign of the lepton charge is used to identify jets originating from positively and negatively charged quarks, for the jets with the lepton and for the high energy jets. Defining the jet charge by summing the charge of the particles assigned to a jet, it is observed that the mean jet charge of the quark jets is incompatible with zero and that the sign of the jet charge corresponds to that expected from the charge of the primary quark. In contrast, the mean charge of the gluon jets is consistent with zero.
Published: 1993

23. The forward-backward asymmetry of $$e^ + e^ - \to b\bar b and e^ + e^ - \to c\bar c$$ using leptons in hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: Madjid Boutemeur, Tohru Takeshita, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, S. L. Chu, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, Georges Azuelos, D. Pitman, S. Barnett, P. M. Hattersley, M. H. Lehto, P. M. Watkins, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, F. Odorici, J. W. Gary, Max Weber, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, R. Mir, D. Hochman, C. Sbarra, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, J. C. Hill, T. G. Shears, Misao Sasaki, M. Yurko, John Hobbs, Erez Etzion, Michael Dittmar, R. Lahmann, H. M. Fischer, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, F. S. Merritt, G. Yekutieli, J. C. Clayton, Silvia Arcelli, Stefan Kluth, D. M. Gingrich, Shlomit Tarem, D. C. Imrie, B. C. Shen, B. Fabbro, B. Panzer-Steindel, J. G. Layter, P. W. Jeffreys, A. K. Honma, C. Moisan, P. Scharff-Hansen, M. J. Oreglia, S. Rossberg, P. Berlich, C. J. Oram, L. Köpke, G. P. Siroli, R. P. Middleton, W. G. Scott, G. Beaudoin, A. A. Carter, G. A. Beck, Christoph Schwick, Achim Stahl, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. E.L. Clarke, A. D. Schaile, J. Steuerer, Matthias Schröder, Gunter Wolf, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, P. F. Harrison, J. A. McKenna, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, R. Kowalewski, M. J. Losty, J. M. Lorah, D. R. Rust, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, S. Wotton, A. Michelini, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, Otmar Biebel, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, A. Yeaman, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Bright-Thomas, M. Tecchio, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, B. Lorazo, B. Schmitt, J. M. Roney, Andris Skuja, V. H. Winterer, A. M. Lee, M. W. Redmond, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Jeremie, T. J. Smith, A. C. Janissen, K. Stephens, H. Deng, Margret Fincke-Keeler, N. K. Watson, J. R. McNutt, Sachio Komamiya, T. J. McMahon, R. Humbert, P. Mättig, R. Bartoldus, D. A. Hinshaw, D. L. Rees, R. Yaari, Tetsuro Mashimo, J. Goldberg, M. A. Thomson, H. O. Ogren, W. Mohr, J. Schwiening, U. Maur, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, P. Weber, S. A. Robins, R. K. Carnegie, S. Bethke, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Marco Cuffiani, A. Astbury, V. Gibson, G. Quast, J. A. Wilson, T. P. Kokott, H. G. Evans, A. Luig, U. Müller, Paul Kyberd, I. J. Bloodworth, P. Pfister, F. K. Loebinger, T. Behnke, J. Kroll, R.J. Akers, Gideon Alexander, P. S. Wells, M. J. Goodrick, Paolo Capiluppi, Norbert Wermes, W. J. Collins, Sherry Towers, John Baines, I. Cohen, T. Kawamoto, T. Hilse, A. J. Martin, P. A. Elcombe, S. W. O'Neale, F. X. Gentit, K. J. Anderson, J. E. Conboy, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, W. Schappert, O. Runolfsson, J. Banks, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, M. Settles, A. Pouladdej, Shlomo Dado, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, M. Jimack, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. T. Zorn, H. Ihssen, N. J. Tresilian, D. R. Ward, T. W. Pritchard, E. do Couto e Silva, G. Transtromer, S. W. Gensler, R. D. Heuer, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, H. M. Bosch, C. K. Hargrove, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, M. Foucher, C. Beeston, X. C. Lou, Fabrizio Fabbri, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, M. Coupland, Claudio Grandi, C. J. Virtue, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, P. Poffenberger, R. E. Hughes-Jones, O. Schaile, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, C. Gorn, Peter Sherwood, D. Van del Plas, J. Becker, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, M. Hansroul, John Allison, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, Giora Mikenberg, K. Runge, J. von Krogh, P. Bock, M. Jones, C. Burgard, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, C. M. Hawkes, G. J. VanDalen, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Dave Robinson, R. G. Kellogg, R. J. Homer, Takehiko Mori, W. R. Gibson, L. A. del Pozo, D. S. Koetke, N. I. Geddes, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, B. Boden, B. Poli, C. Jui, A. Skillman, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, M. Hauschild, A. Beck, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, C. Stegmann, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, C. Markus, H. Przysiezniak, P. Routenburg, P. Paschievici, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, B. W. Kennedy, M. Fierro, E. Torrente-Lujan, D. E. Plane, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, D. J.P. Dumas, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, B. Wilkens, J. E. Pilcher, G. G. Hanson, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, J. P. Martin, S. De Jong, J. Hart, J. D. Gillies, R. J. Barlow, D. J. Miller, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Alessandro Montanari, H. Takeda, and F. G. Oakham
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing), Lepton, Bar (unit), media_common
Abstract: The forward-backward asymmetries of $$e^ + e^ - \to Z^0 \to b\bar b and e^ + e^ - \to Z^0 \to c\bar c$$ have been measured by the OPAL Collaboration using samples of hadronicZ 0 decays in which electron or muon candidates were observed. The asymmetries were measured simultaneously in a two parameter fit, which used the distributions of the track momentum and transverse momentum component with respect to the associated jet to distinguish lepton candidates from different sources. From a sample of 360 000 hadronic events with centre-of-mass energies within ±0.5 GeV of theZ 0 mass and mean energy 91.24. GeV, the values obtained for the $$b\bar b$$ asymmetry before and after correcting, for the effect of $$B^0 \overline {B^0 } $$ mixing, and for the $$c\bar c$$ asymmetry are, respectively: $$\begin{gathered} A_{FB}^{b,mix} = 0.070 \pm 0.014(stat) \pm 0.005(sys), \hfill \\ A_{FB}^b = 0.092 \pm 0.018(stat) \pm 0.007(sys) \hfill \\ \pm 0.003(mix), \hfill \\ A_{FB}^c = 0.014 \pm 0.030(stat) \pm 0.020(sys). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ The measurement of the $$b\bar b$$ asymmetry is confirmed by a measurement using only leptons with high transverse momentum. This sample is highly enriched in semileptonic decays ofb hadrons. Measurements using high transverse momentum leptons were also performed using samples of events with centre-of-mass energies further from theZ 0 mass. After correcting for the effect of $$B^0 \overline {B^0 } $$ mixing, the results are: $$\begin{gathered} A_{FB}^b (\langle \sqrt s \rangle = 89.66GeV) \hfill \\ = 0.071 \pm 0.054(stat) \pm 0.007(sys) \pm 0.002(mix), \hfill \\ A_{FB}^b (\langle \sqrt s \rangle = 92.75GeV) \hfill \\ = 0.131 \pm 0.047(stat) \pm 0.012(sys) \pm 0.004(mix). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
Published: 1993

24. The Radiological Treatment of Cancer: Methods and Results: I. The Biological Conception of Dosage in Radiotherapy

Author: G E, Richards
Subjects: Articles
Published: 2010

25. X-rays and Radium in the Management of Breast Carcinoma

Author: G E, Richards
Subjects: Articles
Published: 2010

26. The Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcer

Author: G E, Richards
Subjects: Original Articles
Published: 2010

27. X-Ray Technique in Examination of the Chest

Author: G E, Richards
Subjects: Original Articles
Published: 2010

28. The Radiological Treatment of Cancer: IV. Carcinoma of the Lips

Author: G E, Richards
Subjects: Articles
Published: 2010

29. Hopeful aspects in the fight against cancer

Author: G E, RICHARDS
Subjects: Aggression, Hope, Neoplasms, Humans
Published: 2010

30. Inclusive neutral vector meson production in hadronicZ 0 decays

Author: P. Igo-Kemenes, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, J. Goldberg, P. Teixeira-Dias, G. Maringer, B. Nellen, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, M. Hauschild, P. M. Hattersley, R. Mir, P. Leblanc, V. Gibson, J. M. Lorah, I. J. Bloodworth, D. C. Imrie, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, Sachio Komamiya, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, J. M. Roney, D. A. Hinshaw, P. Weber, E. Ros, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, S. Schreiber, A. Astbury, T. J. McMahon, D. J. Miller, W. Mohr, B. C. Shen, H. G. Evans, E. do Couto e Silva, P. E.L. Clarke, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, M. Jimack, M. Hansroul, M. Yurko, M. J. Oreglia, R. Van Kooten, P. W. Jeffreys, D. Pitman, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, John Allison, O. Ganel, A. J. Martin, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, J. Steuerer, F. G. Oakham, M. Settles, P. S. Wells, R. G. Kellogg, J. G. Layter, A. M. Lee, M. Jobes, U. Binder, A. D. Schaile, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, M. F. Turner, T. Behnke, P. Scharff-Hansen, M. H. Lehto, M. Foucher, P. A. Elcombe, R. J. Homer, R. Kowalewski, Terry Richard Wyatt, J. C. Clayton, Stefano Marcellini, J. A. Wilson, James Letts, Margret Fincke-Keeler, M. Coupland, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, J. Becker, T. Mouthuy, G. N. Patrick, F. S. Merritt, Paul Kyberd, O. Schaile, G. W. Wilson, S. Wotton, W. Schappert, F. K. Loebinger, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, M. J. Losty, A. Skuja, D. Karlen, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, J. Hart, A. M. Smith, V. H. Winterer, M. W. Redmond, G. T. Zorn, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, R. Yaari, G. Vasseur, P. Pfister, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, P. Poffenberger, Richard Keeler, G. Beaudoin, J. D. Gillies, J. P. Martin, C. K. Hargrove, M. Manelli, H. Deng, R. Humbert, Peter Sherwood, B. Lorazo, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, A. Rollnik, A. M. Rossi, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, Takehiko Mori, R. J. Barlow, M. Morii, Michael Dittmar, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, H. Przysiezniak, G. J. Van Dalen, G. Yekutieli, K. Runge, P. Bock, S. De Jong, Peter R Hobson, D. R. Rust, Tetsuro Mashimo, T. Tsukamoto, P. Lennert, S. Levegrün, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, K. Stephens, Claude Leroy, Tohru Takeshita, Shlomo Dado, J. R. McNutt, M. Sproston, J. P. Pansart, T. Kawamoto, J. A. McKenna, F. Lamarche, F. Odorici, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, C. Wahl, W. J. Collins, Erez Etzion, P. Routenburg, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, R. J. Hemingway, A. A. Carter, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, J. Mildenberger, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, C. P. Howarth, T. Hilse, Harold Nguyen, X. C. Lou, S. Orito, Stefan Kluth, M. Rosvick, Shlomit Tarem, P. Jovanovic, R. F. McGowan, Austin Ball, O. Runolfsson, D. Menszner, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, Georges Azuelos, J. E. Pilcher, G. Quast, John Baines, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, S. Rossberg, W. Gorn, Alessandro Montanari, John Hobbs, Giora Mikenberg, H. O. Ogren, Claudio Grandi, C. J. Oram, G. A. Bahan, Tara Shears, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, S. W. O'Neale, D. R. Ward, C. Y. Chang, G. Transtromer, T. W. Pritchard, H. M. Bosch, R. P. Middleton, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, Max Weber, T. J. Smith, A. Yeaman, N. K. Watson, J. Banks, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, G. G. Hanson, N. J. Tresilian, P. Taras, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, Mitsuaki Nozaki, D. G. Fong, Fabrizio Fabbri, P. Mättig, J. Kroll, Horst Breuker, D. Van den plas, J. Gascon, S. Barnett, G. Giacomelli, H. von der Schmitt, N. J. Thackray, E.J. Prebys, F. X. Gentit, J. von Krogh, J. E. Conboy, J. W. Gary, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, J. E. Duboscq, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, A. Pouladdej, K. J. Anderson, C. Jui, N. I. Geddes, B. Boden, B. Poli, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, J. R. Carter, D. Hochmann, Silvia Arcelli, Phillip Allport, P. Singh, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, R. W. L. Jones, N. Wermes, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, P. Le Du, B. Panzer-Steindel, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. G. Estabrooks, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, P. M. Watkins, P. F. Harrison, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, D. E. Plane, Stephen Hillier, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, S. Bougerolle, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, and B. W. Kennedy
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Meson production, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, Nuclear physics, Pion, Mass spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutral vector, Ionization energy, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Results are reported of a study of neutral vector meson production in multihadronicZ0 decays in the OPAL experiment at LEP. Pions and kaons have been identified by specific ionisation energy loss andK±π∓ andK+K− mass spectra have been fitted, in bins of the scaled momentum variablexp, to combinations of resonance signals and non-resonant backgrounds. Rates are given forK*(892)° and o(1020), and production cross sections are compared to the predictions of Monte Carlo models. Overall multiplicities have been determined as 0.76±0.07±0.06K*(892)° and 0.086±0.015±0.010 o(1020) per hadronicZ0 decay (the quoted errors are respectively statistical and systematic). Momentum dependent distortions of the ππ mass spectra, possibly associated indirectly with Bose-Einstein effects, have prevented reliable measurement of the ρ(770)° cross section in this study.
Published: 1992

31. A measurement of strange baryon production in hadronic Z0 decays

Author: P. Paschievici, D. Karlen, A. Dieckmann, R. Mir, G. P. Siroli, A. Astbury, R. Van Kooten, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, M. Hansroul, T. W. Pritchard, A. Wagner, John Hill, Silvia Arcelli, B. Boden, D. Menszner, T. Mouthuy, Gideon Bella, G. Vasseur, S. De Jong, J. C. Clayton, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, C. Geich-Gimbel, S. Rossberg, D. J. Miller, R. K. Carnegie, P. S. Wells, P. E.L. Clarke, Terry Richard Wyatt, F. G. Oakham, G. T. Zorn, T. Hilse, L. Levinson, R. J. Homer, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, A. Beck, H. G. Evans, John Hobbs, Tohru Takeshita, M. Fincke-Keeler, M. J. Oreglia, F. C. Grant, T. Wlodek, M. A. Whalley, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, P. Schenk, M. J. Goodrick, N. Tesch, A. K. Honma, F. S. Merritt, R. Humbert, C. J. Virtue, Sachio Komamiya, W. Mohr, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, G. N. Patrick, J. Mildenberger, C. Schwick, Richard Keeler, D. Hochman, J. P. Martin, P. Routenburg, O. Ganel, E. Ros, J. P. Walker, K. Runge, M. J. Losty, A. C. Janissen, C. J. Oram, U. Binder, J. M. Roney, J. R. Carter, A. Simon, M. Cooper, A. Rollnik, P. Singh, J. F. Kral, G. Beaudoin, J. A. McKenna, N. Wermes, P. Pfister, B. Poli, R. M. Brown, P. W. Jeffreys, J. Hart, J. Becker, K. J. Anderson, P. Weber, A. J. Martin, Carla Sbarra, X. C. Lou, A. A. Carter, T. P. Kokott, K. Stephens, R. F. McGowan, A. Yeaman, G. E. Richards, C. K. Hargrove, T. Behnke, Misao Sasaki, E. Heflin, J. P. Pansart, A. Michelini, D. A. Hinshaw, C. Markus, Marco Cuffiani, H. O. Ogren, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, D. Lellouch, C. Y. Chang, I. J. Bloodworth, C. Moisan, P. Berlich, B. C. Shen, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, P. M. Watkins, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Deng, Harold Nguyen, H. Ihssen, P. Bock, V. Gibson, Mitsuaki Nozaki, R. E. Hughes-Jones, J. G. Layter, A. Gaidot, James D Gillies, S. Wotton, Stefan Kluth, D. J.P. Dumas, R. Kowalewski, J. Kroll, P. Le Du, John Baines, S. Schreiber, S. Bethke, J. Schwiening, B. W. Kennedy, Tara Shears, F. X. Gentit, N. I. Geddes, V. H. Winterer, J. E. Conboy, Richard J Hemingway, B. Panzer-Steindel, M. Settles, G. Duckeck, M. Coupland, P. D. Acton, M. Morii, T. Kawamoto, S. W. O'Neale, Peter R Hobson, H. Mes, O. Runolfsson, P. Lennert, U. Maur, M. Foucher, R. J. Barlow, C. Jui, D. Pitman, Horst Breuker, P. M. Hattersley, P. Poffenberger, S. Orito, C. Wahl, E. do Couto e Silva, P. Mättig, D. R. Ward, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. F. Turner, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, G. W. Wilson, M. Hauschild, I. P. Duerdoth, F. Lamarche, H. M. Bosch, D. C. Imrie, C. Leroy, J. Steuerer, G. G. Hanson, G. Alexander, S. Bougerolle, J. Hagemann, H. Przysiezniak, E. Etzion, B. Lorazo, G. Quast, P. Leblanc, G. Giacomelli, J. Goldberg, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, E.J. Prebys, R. Ströhmer, Claudio Grandi, T. J. Smith, W. J. Collins, S. Dado, N. K. Watson, F. K. Loebinger, G. D. Lafferty, D. Axen, Frans Meijers, J. M. Lorah, A. Jawahery, B. Nellen, D. E. Plane, C. M. Hawkes, Peter Sherwood, W. R. Gibson, Stephen Hillier, G. M. Dallavalle, R. W. Springer, A. M. Lee, Takehiko Mori, J. R. McNutt, K. W. Bell, R. P. Middleton, M. Weber, J. Ludwig, C. P. Howarth, M. W. Redmond, A. Pouladdej, J. Gascon, Alan Watson, P. G. Estabrooks, J. E. Pilcher, G. Mikenberg, G. Maringer, S. Barnett, R. Yaari, S. Tarem, O. Biebel, M. Jimack, N. J. Thackray, John Allison, A. D. Schaile, P. Jovanovic, P. A. Elcombe, R. G. Kellogg, Austin Ball, W. Schappert, F. Odorici, Stefano Marcellini, Alessandro Montanari, James Letts, D. L. Rees, G. J. VanDalen, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, M. Kuwano, G. Transtromer, W. G. Scott, P. F. Harrison, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, M. Yurko, R. Shypit, S. W. Gensler, T. Kobayashi, D. G. Fong, H. von der Schmitt, Phillip Allport, R. Sobie, H. Jeremie, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. Jobes, P. Kyberd, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, G. Yekutieli, M. Rosvick, G. A. Bahan, R. W.L. Jones, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, Michael Dittmar, H. M. Fischer, T. J. McMahon, O. Schaile, M. H. Lehto, E. Duchovni, J. A. Wilson, S. Levegrün, L. Köpke, I. Cohen, M. S. Dixit, J. Banks, G. Azuelos, N. J. Tresilian, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, D. R. Rust, M. Sproston, and P. Taras
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Octet, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Electron–positron annihilation, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, OPAL detector, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Momentum, Diquark, QCD predictions, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Strange baryons, Particle Physics - Experiment, Spin-½
Abstract: The production of the octet and decuplet baryons Λ, Ξ − , Σ (1385) ± , Ξ(1530) 0 and Ω − and the corresponding antibaryons has been measured in a sample of 485 000 hadronic Z 0 decays. Results on differential and integrated cross sections are presented. The differential cross section of Λ baryons is found to be softer than the one predicted by the Jetset and Herwig Monte Carlo generators. The measured decuplet yields are found to disagree with the simple diquark picture where only one tuning parameter for spin 1 diquarks is used. Comparisons of the momentum spectra for Λ and Ξ − with the predictions of an analytical QCD formula are also presented.
Published: 1992

32. A study of two-particle momentum correlations in hadronic Z0 decays

Author: M. Jimack, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, Shlomo Dado, John Allison, H. Jeremie, D. J. Miller, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, D. E. Klem, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, P. S. Wells, A. A. Carter, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Terry Richard Wyatt, I. J. Bloodworth, X. C. Lou, R. G. Kellogg, P. Jovanovic, Horst Breuker, Erez Etzion, H. Mes, M. Coupland, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, F. C. Grant, P. G. Estabrooks, D. R. Rust, R. Mir, I. P. Duerdoth, M. A. Whalley, Stefano Marcellini, Gareth J. Barker, M. Settles, B. C. Shen, K. J. Anderson, Gideon Bella, Giora Mikenberg, Shlomit Tarem, P. E.L. Clarke, H. Oh, E. do Couto e Silva, Alessandro Montanari, James Letts, W. J. Collins, K. Stephens, J. Steuerer, A. K. Honma, P. Lennert, H. J. Burckhart, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, S. Rossberg, W. G. Scott, A. Buijs, C. Y. Chang, Jacqueline Batley, C. J. Oram, P. M. Watkins, H. O. Ogren, J. R. McNutt, M. Yurko, P. M. Hattersley, W. R. Gibson, P. Taras, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, T. W. Pritchard, G. W. Wilson, R. P. Middleton, N. I. Geddes, R. Kowalewski, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, D. Karlen, M. Hauschild, Glenn Patrick, P. W. Jeffreys, A. M. Lee, E. Ros, M. J. Oreglia, P. Paschievici, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. Hansroul, H. Takeda, M. M. Deninno, J. Goldberg, B. Boden, D. Axen, M. J. Losty, B. Nellen, F. G. Oakham, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, Silvia Arcelli, A. Jawahery, J. Kroll, B. Poli, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. Leblanc, J. M. Roney, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, A. Beck, P. F. Harrison, T. J. Smith, J. Hart, F. X. Gentit, E. Heflin, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, Richard Keeler, R. Yaari, J. E. Conboy, P. Weber, M. F. Turner, S. Bethke, A. D. Schaile, V. Gibson, Peter Sherwood, J. R. Carter, P. Poffenberger, G. Quast, M. Ogg, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. W. Redmond, Marco Cuffiani, H. G. Evans, J. Banks, J. P. Pansart, P. Mättig, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, J. D. Gillies, A. Rollnik, A. Simon, D. G. Fong, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, N. J. Tresilian, J. G. Layter, John Baines, N. Wermes, A. Pouladdej, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Tohru Takeshita, V. H. Winterer, T. Mouthuy, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, J. Gascon, C. M. Hawkes, H. von der Schmitt, M. Cooper, P. Singh, Claude Leroy, B. W. Kennedy, Fabrizio Fabbri, M. Couch, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, Daniel Lellouch, J. Hagemann, D. Van den plas, J. Ludwig, R. J. Barlow, D. C. Imrie, K. Runge, P. Bock, Takehiko Mori, S. R. Hou, C. Wahl, A. Astbury, T. P. Kokott, Rene Brun, Carla Sbarra, F. S. Merritt, H. Ihssen, R. J. Homer, R. Van Kooten, Georges Azuelos, D. Pitman, R. W. L. Jones, D. R. Ward, R. Humbert, M. H. Lehto, G. Transtromer, C. P. Howarth, S. W. Gensler, J. F. Kral, G. P. Siroli, K. W. Bell, P. Le Du, D. A. Hinshaw, Christoph Schwick, S. Wotton, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, Max Weber, C. Fukunaga, B. Panzer-Steindel, O. Ganel, J. E. Pilcher, S. Bougerolle, John Hobbs, Misao Sasaki, J. A. McKenna, A. M. Rossi, F. Odorici, T. Tsukamoto, T. Behnke, Phillip Allport, S. Sanghera, S. Levegrün, H. M. Fischer, R. F. McGowan, A. J. Martin, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, J. W. Gary, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, S. A. Robins, O. Runolfsson, D. Strom, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. E. Plane, G. T. Zorn, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Stephen Hillier, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, G. M. Dallavalle, K. Riles, Andris Skuja, J. P. Martin, T. Kawamoto, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, S. Barnett, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, John Hill, Tetsuro Mashimo, C. K. Hargrove, S. De Jong, S. Orito, Claudio Grandi, M. Rosvick, W. Gorn, Margret Fincke-Keeler, G. A. Bahan, M. Jobes, U. Binder, P. Scharff-Hansen, H. Przysiezniak, P. Pfister, G. G. Hanson, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, G. Giacomelli, N. K. Watson, E.J. Prebys, M. S. Dixit, S. Komamiya, Frans Meijers, S. W. O'Neale, Peter R Hobson, J. M. Lorah, W. Mohr, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, P. A. Elcombe, D. L. Rees, J. Becker, G. J. VanDalen, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, and G. Beaudoin
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Logarithm, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, String (physics), Hadronization, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parton shower, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a measurement of two-particle momentum correlations in hadronic decays of the Z 0 at LEP. These data are compared with recent analytic QCD calculations based on the summation of leading and next-to-leading logarithms, and with QCD Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the analytic calculations show the same general features as the data, but that the overall level of the correlations is not reproduced, suggesting that higher order or hadronization effects are significant. This contrasts with the success of similar QCD calculations in describing single-particle momentum distributions. QCD Monte Carlo models are found to give a reasonable level of correlation, with parton shower models incorporating string hadronization giving the best description of the data.
Published: 1992

33. Scientist Involvement in Research Funding at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station

Author: G. E. Richards and Martha Davis
Subjects: Financial management, Agricultural experiment station, business.industry, Process (engineering), Subsidy, Plant Science, Horticulture, Marketing, business, Research center
Abstract: (...) This study was conducted to develop an estimate of the portion of a scientist's research time that is devoted to the process of securing funding. Scientists with the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station were asked to estimate the amount of time devoted to the processes of securing grant support for their research. Sixty-five percent of the faculty responded. (...)
Published: 1990

34. Effectiveness of a rural pediatric diabetes management program

Author: G M, Summersett, G E, Richards, S M, Melzer, J R, Sugarman, and G B, Kletter
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Washington, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Office Visits, Child Health Services, Urban Health Services, Humans, Rural Health Services, Child, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Children with type 1 diabetes living in rural areas may have limited access to specialty diabetes care compared to children living in urban areas. To address this issue, providers have developed outreach services in which specialists travel periodically to rural communities.To determine whether the care of children with type 1 diabetes treated by pediatric endocrinologists in a rural outpatient clinic is comparable to the care of children treated in an urban medical center by the same diabetes team.We carried out a retrospective cohort study comparing the number of patient visits with physicians, behavioral specialists, and dietitians and the frequency of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements over a 12-month period treated in a rural clinic with a matched group treated in an urban children's hospital clinic.We found that urban patients (n = 38) were more likely to complete four visits per year compared to a matched group (n = 19) at the rural clinic (55.3% vs. 15.8%; p0.004), were significantly more likely than those in the rural clinic to have had four HbA1c measurements per year (55.3% vs. 21.1%; p0.014), and more likely to have had an assessment by a behavioral specialist (31.6% vs. 0%). Children at the rural clinic site were more likely to have had a visit with a nutritionist during the year (89.5% vs. 36.8%; p0.005).We conclude that diabetes care provided using a rural outreach model closely approximates, but does not entirely duplicate, care provided in the urban setting.
Published: 2003

35. The OPAL muon barrel detector

Author: I. P. Duerdoth, A. J.P. O'Dowd, O. W. Davies, P. S. Hinde, K. Stephens, F. K. Loebinger, John Baines, Terry Richard Wyatt, M. W. Moss, P.D. Phillips, R. E. Hughes-Jones, R. F. McGowan, A. Skillman, R. J. Barlow, A. A. Macbeth, C. Beeston, J. Banks, S. Barnett, P. Ashton, P. G. Murphy, R.J. Akers, B. Nijjhar, N. C. Wood, John Allison, G. E. Richards, S. J. Pawley, J. T.M. Chrin, S.G. Clowes, N.J. Tresillian, G. A. Bahan, and G. D. Lafferty
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Detector, Barrel (horology), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Muon detector
Abstract: The barrel part of the OPAL muon detector consists of 110 drift chambers forming four layers outside the hadron absorber. Each chamber covers an area of 1.2 m by up to 10.4 m and has two cells with wires parallel to the beam and a drift distance of 297 mm. A detailed description of the design, construction, operation and performance of the sub-detector is given. The system has been operating successfully since the start of LEP in 1989.
Published: 1995

36. Different sites of photodamage in chilling-sensitive (sorghum) and chilling-resistant (barley and wheat) plants

Author: P K, Sharma, G E, Richards, D O, Hall, and G S, Singhal
Subjects: Cold Temperature, Light, Hordeum, Plants, Edible, Triticum
Abstract: The electron transport chain was affected to varying degrees by high light intensity at low temperature in different crop plants. The PS II was found to be the sensitive site while PS I showed very little change in its activity. Photoinhibition affected the oxidizing side of PS II in all three plants. However, the site of inhibition was different in chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants. In sorghum, the water splitting reaction was damaged while in barley and wheat the damage occurred in the reaction centre itself. It appears that photoinhibition may affect different sites within the PS II in chilling-resistant and sensitive plants.
Published: 1994

37. Search for the minimal Standard Model Higgs boson

Author: J. R. McNutt, Mark Oreglia, A. Astbury, S. L. Chu, P. Scharff-Hansen, U. Müller, John Allison, V. Gibson, G. Quast, A. J. Martin, R. Bartoldus, R. J. Hemingway, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, R. G. Kellogg, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, D. R. Ward, H. O. Ogren, D. J. Miller, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, Andris Skuja, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, R. Lahmann, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, G. D. Long, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, J. Goldberg, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, B. Nellen, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R. Ströhmer, Takehiko Mori, C. Sbarra, T. Moshimo, Michael Dittmar, D. C. Imrie, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, M. G. Rison, C. K. Hargrove, G. Beaudoin, A. Jawahery, P. Leblanc, A. Yeaman, P. E.L. Clarke, M. K. Jones, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P. S. Wells, Silvia Arcelli, W. Gorn, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, P. Pfister, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, T. W. Pritchard, J. P. Martin, Xinchou Lou, J. Kroll, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, H. G. Evans, S. Komamiya, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, Matthias Schröder, M. J. Goodrick, P. Igo-Kemenes, E. Lefebvre, H. Deng, R. Humbert, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, Z. Li, S. Barnett, H. Jeremie, F. X. Gentit, J. D. Gillies, D. Axen, Peter Sherwood, Alexander Wagner, J. Steuerer, Shlomo Dado, M. Coupland, I. Cohen, J. E. Conboy, S. De Jong, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, D. Hochman, R. E. Hughes-Jones, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, U. Maur, F. Odorici, F. C. Grant, G. P. Siroli, J. King, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, J. Hagemann, Guenter Duckeck, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, Giora Mikenberg, Gregor Herten, James Pinfold, J. Mildenberger, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, A. Fürtjes, Harold Nguyen, D. A. Hinshaw, C. Wahl, P. Routenburg, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, R. J. Barlow, H. von der Schmitt, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, C. Darling, T. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, R. Yaari, Michael Kobel, Gordon H. Hanson, P. A. Elcombe, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, B. Wilkens, Christoph Schwick, J. W. Gary, Marco Cuffiani, E. do Couto e Silva, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, S. Orito, T. Behnke, G. T. Zorn, M. W. Redmond, Erez Etzion, H. Lafoux, G. Giacomelli, C. Stegmann, M. Rosvick, Paolo Giacomelli, M. Hansroul, H. Mes, R. Mir, P. Mättig, Stefan Kluth, J. E. Pilcher, H. Fukui, A. Syoosi, I. P. Duerdoth, Tara Shears, Shlomit Tarem, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, I. J. Bloodworth, D. L. Rees, A. M. Rossi, P. Bright-Thomas, S. Rossberg, J. Lauber, J. C. Clayton, M. Settles, V. H. Winterer, F. S. Merritt, C. J. Oram, P. Poffenberger, P. A. Hart, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, H. Takeda, D. M. Gingrich, M. Foucher, R. P. Middleton, J. J. Ward, F. G. Oakham, R. J. Homer, J. G. Layter, R.J. Akers, Gunter Wolf, Georges Azuelos, J. M. Roney, T. R. Wyatt, M. J. Pearce, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, P. Schütz, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, N. I. Geddes, Richard Keeler, Madjid Boutemeur, J. A. McKenna, O. Schaile, P. G. Estabrooks, T. Kobayashi, B. Boden, C. Charlesworth, J. Becker, S. Wotton, B. Poli, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, K. W. Bell, T. Hilse, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, P. M. Watkins, O. Runolfsson, P. Berlich, H. M. Fischer, M. Hauschild, F. Scharf, A. Michelini, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, B. Schmitt, C. Beeston, G. J. VanDalen, S. A. Robins, J. C. Hill, P. M. Hattersley, Misao Sasaki, Claudio Grandi, B. C. Shen, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, R. Howard, D. R. Rust, Claude Leroy, Siegfried Bethke, J. P. Pansart, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, P. Weber, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, R. Kowalewski, C. Jui, A. M. Lee, N. K. Watson, M. J. Losty, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, W. Mohr, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, A. Gaidot, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, T. Tsukamoto, N. Tesch, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, P. F. Harrison, E. Heflin, Stephen Lloyd, Lorne Levinson, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, B. W. Kennedy, Ehud Duchovni, E. Torrente-Lujan, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, D. E. Plane, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, and K. Stephens
Subjects: Physics, Semileptonic decay, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Minimal model, Particle mass, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for the Minimal Standard Model Higgs boson (H0) has been performed with data from e+e− collisions collected by the OPAL detector at LEP. The search was made for events of the types e+e−→(e+e−,μ+μ− or νν)H0, H0→qq and was based on approximately 78 pb−1 of data taken at center-of-mass energies between 88 and 95 GeV in the years 1990–1993. The present study, combined with previous OPAL publications, excludes the existence of a Minimal Standard Model Higgs boson with mass below 56.9 GeV at the 95% confidence level.
Published: 1994

38. Measurement of the Production Rates of Charged Hadrons in $e^{+}e^{-}$ Annihilation at the $Z^{0}$

Author: H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, R. Kowalewski, F. C. Grant, D. E. Plane, R.J. Akers, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, A. Astbury, P. Bentkowski, Shlomit Tarem, Margret Fincke-Keeler, B. C. Shen, S. Rossberg, U. Müller, C. J. Oram, G. M. Dallavalle, N. K. Watson, A. J. Martin, Gunter Wolf, S. Wotton, P. Poffenberger, R. P. Middleton, A. Buijs, R. Mir, O. Schaile, D. A. Hinshaw, Gideon Alexander, Alan Watson, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, J. Goldberg, J. Hart, C. Dallapiccola, B. Nellen, D. J.P. Dumas, P. Leblanc, Siegfried Bethke, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, Paolo Capiluppi, H. G. Evans, P. Schütz, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Silvia Arcelli, C. K. Hargrove, W. Mohr, P. Pfister, H. Fukui, J. D. Gillies, P. Igo-Kemenes, T. Behnke, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, T. J. McMahon, P. A. Elcombe, M. J. Losty, J. Schwiening, Tara Shears, M. J. Oreglia, R. K. Carnegie, E. do Couto e Silva, R. J. Barlow, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, J. A. Wilson, P. E.L. Clarke, P. A. Hart, G. Beaudoin, M. K. Jones, E. Lefebvre, M. Hauschild, C. Markus, J. Steuerer, M. J. Pearce, D. J. Miller, F. Odorici, Richard Keeler, Michael Kobel, P. Paschievici, Ehud Duchovni, J. Becker, John Allison, Paolo Giacomelli, W. R. Gibson, F. S. Merritt, M. Jimack, P. Le Du, B. Fabbro, H. Ihssen, R. Ströhmer, H. Lafoux, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, M. Hansroul, A. Beck, E. Heflin, J. M. Roney, S. W. Gensler, Matthias Schröder, T. Hilse, J. P. Martin, O. Runolfsson, S. De Jong, G. T. Zorn, R. M. Brown, R. Howard, Claude Leroy, F. Scharf, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, G. J. VanDalen, J. von Krogh, J. P. Pansart, Madjid Boutemeur, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Lorne Levinson, R. J. Homer, Georges Azuelos, H. M. Bosch, Gideon Bella, Gregor Herten, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, Dave Robinson, P. G. Estabrooks, C. Wahl, K. W. Bell, B. Wilkens, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, Z. Li, Otmar Biebel, H. J. Burckhart, G. E. Richards, N. J. Tresilian, Jacqueline Batley, P. M. Hattersley, Shlomo Dado, C. Beeston, R. D. Heuer, L. A. del Pozo, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, C. Sbarra, A. Syoosi, A. Gaidot, P. S. Wells, J. C. Hill, J. E. Pilcher, Misao Sasaki, Fabrizio Fabbri, S. W. O'Neale, Claudio Grandi, D. Axen, C. Moisan, A. Jawahery, K. J. Anderson, D. Van den plas, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, Michael Dittmar, Terry Richard Wyatt, H. Deng, R. Humbert, R. G. Kellogg, R. Yaari, G. Yekutieli, G. A. Beck, P. M. Watkins, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, Peter Sherwood, D. S. Koetke, M. Coupland, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, N. Tesch, Marco Cuffiani, A. A. Carter, Ron Folman, Roger Jones, J. Lauber, Xinchou Lou, J. Hagemann, D. R. Rust, Giora Mikenberg, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, M. Morii, Norbert Wermes, Takehiko Mori, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, B. Schmitt, Stefano Marcellini, S. L. Chu, Peter R Hobson, M. G. Rison, James Letts, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, A. M. Lee, H. Takeda, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, I. J. Bloodworth, J. A. McKenna, H. Przysiezniak, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, M. Settles, F. G. Oakham, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, P. Routenburg, D. L. Rees, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. H. Lehto, M. Fierro, M. Yurko, M. Foucher, P. W. Jeffreys, G. Giacomelli, Sachio Komamiya, A. D. Schaile, D. M. Gingrich, P. Berlich, P. Schenk, Theodoros Geralis, E. Ros, G. W. Wilson, P. Bright-Thomas, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, M. S. Dixit, J. J. Ward, Frans Meijers, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, R. J. Hemingway, P. Weber, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, R. Bartoldus, J. G. Layter, C. Darling, P. Jovanovic, C. Charlesworth, T. J. Smith, Austin Ball, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, P. Mättig, Manuella Vincter, Alessandro Montanari, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, C. Jui, M. W. Redmond, J. Kroll, G. P. Siroli, J. King, F. X. Gentit, A. Yeaman, Christoph Schwick, J. E. Conboy, A. Fürtjes, V. H. Winterer, P. Scharff-Hansen, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Randall Sobie, Michael Schulz, G. D. Lafferty, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, T. W. Pritchard, Guenter Duckeck, James Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Andris Skuja, G. D. Long, Tetsuro Mashimo, W. Gorn, N. I. Geddes, B. Boden, B. Poli, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, S. A. Robins, K. Stephens, P. F. Harrison, J. R. McNutt, M. Tecchio, A. M. Rossi, V. Gibson, G. Quast, T. Tsukamoto, D. R. Ward, J. C. Clayton, S. L. Loloyd, S. Barnett, and D. Hochman
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Bar (unit)
Abstract: The inclusive production rates of π±,K± andp$\bar p$ inZ0 decays have been measured with the OPAL detector at LEP. Using the energy loss measurement in the jet chamber, the momentum range up to the beam energy (45.6 GeV/c) has been covered. Differential cross sections and total particle yields are given. Comparisons of the inclusive momentum spectra and the total rates with predictions of the JETSET and the HERWIG Monte Carlo model are presented. The total single rates are found to be 17.05±0.43 π±, 2.42±0.13K± and 0.92±0.11p$\bar p$ per hadronic event. Predictions of JETSET for cross sections and total rates agree very well for π±; however, for momenta greater than 4 GeV/c,K± rates are underestimated and$\bar p$ rates are overestimated. Combined with data of other particle species there is evidence that the peak positions in the ξ=ln(1/x p ) distributions show a different mass dependence for mesons and baryons. However, both JETSET and HERWIG Monte Carlo predictions agree with the observed data.
Published: 1994

39. Studies of charged particle multiplicity in b quark events

Author: D. E. Plane, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, H. Deng, R. Humbert, H. M. Fischer, Tara Shears, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, Alan Watson, D. J.P. Dumas, Jacqueline Batley, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, Norbert Wermes, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, J. Goldberg, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, B. Nellen, S. Orito, P. Igo-Kemenes, H. Jeremie, A. Jawahery, P. Leblanc, M. Rosvick, J. Hart, Andris Skuja, S. A. Robins, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Gregor Herten, C. Wahl, K. Stephens, B. Wilkens, Tetsuro Mashimo, H. G. Evans, J. D. Gillies, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, A. Astbury, E. do Couto e Silva, J. Steuerer, Ehud Duchovni, M. J. Goodrick, Margret Fincke-Keeler, I. Cohen, J. R. McNutt, P. Pfister, M. Hansroul, A. Yeaman, J. E. Pilcher, U. Müller, A. J. Martin, D. M. Gingrich, R. J. Barlow, Madjid Boutemeur, M. Jimack, H. Ihssen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, D. J. Miller, C. Sbarra, F. C. Grant, D. A. Hinshaw, W. Gorn, R. J. Homer, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, N. K. Watson, V. H. Winterer, V. Gibson, G. Quast, F. S. Merritt, H. Mes, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, M. A. Whalley, John Baines, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, R. Mir, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, P. Berlich, B. Schmitt, R.J. Akers, S. W. Gensler, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, N. I. Geddes, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, B. Fabbro, J. A. McKenna, O. Schaile, I. P. Duerdoth, T. Behnke, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, C. K. Hargrove, Matthias Schröder, A. Buijs, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, P. Weber, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, B. Panzer-Steindel, P. G. Estabrooks, M. G. Rison, Erez Etzion, B. Boden, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, Fabrizio Fabbri, H. Lafoux, B. Poli, D. Van den plas, M. J. Oreglia, S. L. Chu, S. Barnett, P. M. Watkins, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, M. Morii, D. Hochman, R. Bartoldus, James Pinfold, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, H. Przysiezniak, D. G. Fong, C. Jui, J. von Krogh, M. Fierro, D. R. Rust, Peter R Hobson, M. Yurko, P. Routenburg, J. Gascon, J. Kroll, R. Lahmann, R. P. Middleton, J. M. Lorah, H. von der Schmitt, John Hobbs, W. Mohr, J. C. Clayton, P. W. Jeffreys, D. C. Imrie, M. Jones, M. Hauschild, Richard Keeler, F. X. Gentit, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, J. R. Carter, R. Kowalewski, J. E. Conboy, G. N. Patrick, A. M. Lee, Dave Robinson, Gunter Wolf, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, Gordon H. Hanson, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, P. Bright-Thomas, J. W. Gary, L. A. del Pozo, A. M. Rossi, Silvia Arcelli, T. Tsukamoto, T. J. McMahon, G. T. Zorn, M. W. Redmond, S. Wotton, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, G. P. Siroli, J. King, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, P. Scharff-Hansen, Christoph Schwick, Claude Leroy, J. Lauber, John Allison, J. P. Pansart, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, E. Lefebvre, J. A. Wilson, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, F. Odorici, R. G. Kellogg, T. Hilse, W. Schappert, D. S. Koetke, O. Runolfsson, A. M. Smith, D. Axen, Stefano Marcellini, P. S. Wells, G. Vasseur, C. Beeston, B. Lorazo, A. Gaidot, J. M. Roney, James Letts, Claudio Grandi, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, H. Takeda, Terry Richard Wyatt, T. Wlodek, F. G. Oakham, Peter Sherwood, M. Sproston, M. Coupland, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, P. F. Harrison, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, G. J. Van Dalen, P. M. Hattersley, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, K. Runge, P. Bock, Robert M Brown, T. W. Pritchard, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, P. A. Elcombe, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, J. Becker, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, F. Scharf, Alessandro Montanari, W. R. Gibson, A. Beck, E. Heflin, Lorne Levinson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, P. Poffenberger, G. Beaudoin, Shlomo Dado, X. C. Lou, Giora Mikenberg, B. C. Shen, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. L. Rees, M. J. Losty, Tohru Takeshita, Georges Azuelos, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, T. J. Smith, P. Mättig, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, P. E.L. Clarke, J. P. Martin, S. De Jong, J. G. Layter, G. Giacomelli, A. D. Schaile, P. Schenk, M. S. Dixit, and Frans Meijers
Subjects: Systematic error, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Elementary particle, Lambda, Bottom quark, Charged particle, Vertex (geometry), Nuclear physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Using the distance from the average primary vertex to reconstructed secondary vertices in jets, samples of events withb purity varying from about 13% to 89% have been selected. The charged particle multiplicity in the hemispheres opposite those containing these jets has been studied as a function of theb purity of the events. Extrapolating to 0% and 100%b purity, values of the hemisphere charged particle multiplicity inZ0→$b\bar b$ events and in non-$b\bar b$ events have been measured to be $$\begin{gathered} \bar n_b = 11.71 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.18 \pm 0.21, \hfill \\ \bar n_{udsc} = 10.32 \pm 0.01 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.19. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The first error is statistical, the second systematic and the third is a common systematic error.
Published: 1993

40. Improved measurements of the neutral current from hadron and lepton production at LEP

Author: Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, A. Astbury, Shlomo Dado, J. Steuerer, Andris Skuja, U. Müller, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, J. Allison, W. R. Gibson, A. J. Martin, G. Duckeck, R. Mir, Tohru Takeshita, R. P. Middleton, R. Ströhmer, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, T. J. Smith, A. Rollnik, R. Giacomelli, Tetsuro Mashimo, X. C. Lou, Ehud Duchovni, Georges Azuelos, R. Bartoldus, A. Beck, J. Hart, P. A. Elcombe, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, R. G. Kellogg, E. Heflin, C. Y. Chang, M. Jimack, T. Hilse, C. K. Hargrove, D. S. Koetke, Gunter Wolf, H. Ihssen, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, H. O. Ogren, Matthias Schröder, W. Gorn, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, Lorne Levinson, E. Lefebvre, Giora Mikenberg, Stefano Marcellini, M. F. Turner, P. Mättig, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, James Letts, H. Lafoux, P. Igo-Kemenes, O. Runolfsson, S. W. Gensler, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, J. D. Gillies, J. C. Hill, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, B. W. Kennedy, M. J. Oreglia, E. Torrente-Lujan, J. Mildenberger, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Harold Nguyen, Gordon H. Hanson, Daniel Lellouch, S. J. Hillier, T. Kobayashi, J. Becker, A. Buijs, M. W. Redmond, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, C.J. Beeston, Jacqueline Batley, H. Jeremie, S. Wotton, Marco Cuffiani, B. C. Shen, R. E. Hughes-Jones, F. Odorici, D. M. Strom, C. Stegmann, Takehiko Mori, F. Scharf, Gregor Herten, G. J. VanDalen, James Pinfold, U. Maur, D. G. Fong, C. Wahl, Claudio Grandi, J. Kroll, D. J. Miller, D. M. Gingrich, A. K. Honma, J. Gascon, W. G. Scott, B. Wilkens, Tara Shears, A. Beaudoin, P. M. Hattersley, J. Goldberg, D. A. Hinshaw, D. E. Plane, H. von der Schmitt, R. Kowalewski, M. Morii, Peter R Hobson, F. X. Gentit, P. Bentkowski, J. E. Conboy, B. Nellen, S. L. Chu, V. Gibson, G. N. Patrick, A. Jawahery, M. J. Losty, P. Leblanc, J. E. Pilcher, G. M. Dallavalle, P. Berlich, J. W. Gary, P. Routenburg, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, T. Behnke, M. Yurko, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R. Lahmann, P. W. Jeffreys, D. C. Imrie, E. do Couto e Silva, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, Alan Watson, S. W. O'Neale, D. R. Rust, K. J. Anderson, G. A. Snow, D. J.P. Dumas, C. P. Ward, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, G. P. Siroli, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, J. Lauber, H. G. Evans, J. G. Layter, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, M. Hauschild, J. King, I. J. Bloodworth, H. Deng, R. Humbert, P. S. Wells, J. M. Lorah, Christoph Schwick, Gideon Alexander, C. Markus, D. L. Rees, A. M. Lee, D. Axen, P. Bright-Thomas, Paolo Capiluppi, John Hobbs, H. Takeda, P. Poffenberger, P. Paschievici, M. Settles, W. Mohr, F. S. Merritt, A. Yeaman, M. Coupland, Peter Sherwood, N. K. Watson, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, F. G. Oakham, Norbert Wermes, M. Foucher, Sherry Towers, T. Kawamoto, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, Sachio Komamiya, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, N. I. Geddes, K. Runge, B. Fabbro, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. J. Hemingway, R.J. Akers, P. Weber, M. Jones, Richard Keeler, G. W. Wilson, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, A. Skillman, M. A. Thomson, P. Scharff-Hansen, P. F. Harrison, D. Karlen, P. Bock, C. Burgard, E. Ros, A. Gaidot, P. Jovanovic, O. Schaile, J. A. McKenna, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, Robert M Brown, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, J. Banks, T. R. Wyatt, N. J. Tresilian, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, B. Boden, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, R. J. Barlow, R. D. Heuer, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, A. M. Smith, Alessandro Montanari, B. Poli, Silvia Arcelli, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, P. Pfister, J. M. Roney, G. D. Lafferty, Madjid Boutemeur, P. G. Estabrooks, G. Giacomelli, G. T. Zorn, P. Schenk, P. M. Watkins, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, P. E.L. Clarke, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, J. P. Martin, H. M. Fischer, M. Hansroul, M. Sasaki, S. De Jong, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, R. J. Homer, S. A. Robins, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, P. Teixeira-Dias, B. Schmitt, J. R. Carter, A. D. Schaile, V. H. Winterer, Randall Sobie, T. W. Pritchard, C. Jui, J. C. Clayton, S. Barnett, T. J. McMahon, D. Hochman, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, C. Sbarra, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, Roger Jones, R. Van Kooten, G. Quast, John Baines, M. G. Rison, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, and L. A. del Pozo
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Neutral current, Electron–positron annihilation, Physics beyond the Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Universality (dynamical systems), Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Born approximation, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: We present an update with increased statistics to our published analysis of hadronic and leptonic cross sections and of the leptonic forward-backward asymmetries ine + e − collisions. The published results were based on a total 454 000 hadronic and 58 000 leptonic events. This analysis adds 733 000 hadronic and 88 000 leptonic events recorded at theZ 0 peak in 1992 by the OPAL experiment at LEP. A model independent analysis ofZ 0 parameters based on an extension of the improved Born approximation leads to tests of lepton universality and gives an interpretation of the results within the Standard Model framework. We also present a model independent test for new physics.
Published: 1993

41. The effect of thyroidectomy on growth hormone regulation in the ovine fetus

Author: G E, Richards, D A, Morrow, J L, Thominet, B L, Silverman, and P D, Gluckman
Subjects: Sheep, Body Weight, Radioimmunoassay, Thyroid Gland, Gestational Age, Blotting, Northern, Actins, Thyroxine, Fetus, Growth Hormone, Thyroidectomy, Animals, Autoradiography, RNA, Messenger, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that growth hormone gene messenger RNA abundance in the fetus is subject to the same effects of thyroid hormone previously demonstrated in other situations, we evaluated the effect of thyroidectomy on pituitary GH mRNA content at three gestational ages in the ovine fetus. One of each twin pair of fetal lambs underwent thyroidectomy at 90, 100 or 110 days gestation. Fetal pituitaries were collected 25-30 days later. Plasma GH and IGF-I were measured as well as pituitary GH mRNA content. Serum growth hormone in the thyroidectomy group was less than in the control twins (129.8 vs 187.6 micrograms/l, P = 0.0. GH mRNA was likewise decreased in pituitaries of thyroidectomy fetuses compared to controls (1.01 vs 1.80 units, P = 0.0006). Serum IGF-I and body weight were similar in the thyroidectomy and control twins. We conclude that the ovine fetus in the final trimester of gestation exhibits effects of thyroid hormone on serum GH and mRNA abundance similar to those seen in postnatal animals.
Published: 1993

42. A Determination of $\ alpha_{s}(M_{Z0})$ at LEP using Resummed QCD Calculations

Author: Gideon Bella, J. D. Gillies, A. Simon, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, P. A. Elcombe, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. J. Miller, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, Phillip Allport, James Pinfold, M. Manelli, M. Morri, D. G. Fong, I. J. Bloodworth, H. Deng, R. Humbert, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Alessandro Montanari, D. A. Hinshaw, F. G. Oakham, M. Yurko, M. Settles, P. E.L. Clarke, P. W. Jeffreys, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, T. Kobayashi, C. Jui, J. Steuerer, M. Foucher, Norbert Wermes, A. M. Lee, P. M. Hattersley, W. R. Gibson, J. E. Duboscq, G. W. Wilson, T. Kawamoto, J. M. Roney, H. Przysierzniak, D. Karlen, S. Wotton, P. Singh, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, Andris Skuja, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, P. Bright-Thomas, Silvia Arcelli, J. K. Becker, D. Axen, C. M. Hawkes, A. Jawahery, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, R. W. L. Jones, H. Ihssen, Tetsuro Mashimo, A. Beck, H. Jeremie, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, S. W. O'Neale, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, W. J. Collins, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. L. Rees, Takehiko Mori, Peter Sherwood, J. M. Lorah, T. Behnke, E. Heflin, S. W. Gensler, S. J. Hillier, C. J. Virtue, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, M. A. Thomson, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, G. J. Van Dalen, K. Runge, G. G. Hanson, P. Bock, W. Mohr, R. M. Brown, R. Mir, T. W. Pritchard, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, Michael Dittmar, W. Gorn, Lorne Levinson, G. Giacomelli, R. Yaari, K. J. Anderson, P. Leblanc, P. S. Wells, V. Gibson, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, Tohru Takeshita, G. Yekutieli, P. Schenk, E. do Couto e Silva, Shlomo Dado, G. A. Bahan, T. Hilse, S. Barnett, J. Allison, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, M. Hansroul, P. Weber, P. F. Harrison, B. W. Kennedy, M. Jobes, U. Binder, O. Runolfsson, M. Hauschild, Gilles Beaudoin, A. D. Schaile, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, P. D. Acton, M. S. Dixit, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, G. T. Zorn, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Frans Meijers, E. Torrente-Lujan, M. Tecchio, P. Scharff-Hansen, H. G. Evans, X. C. Lou, M. J. Goodrick, R. J. Homer, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, I. Cohen, Georges Azuelos, H. M. Bosch, S. L. Chu, A. A. Carter, M. Coupland, V. H. Winterer, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, P. Taras, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Claudio Grandi, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, Mitsuaki Nozaki, J. G. Layter, J. F. Kral, R. Van Kooten, K. W. Bell, F. C. Grant, M. J. Oreglia, M. Sproston, M. A. Whalley, R. Lahmann, D. C. Imrie, Max Weber, J. C. Clayton, Erez Etzion, D. E. Plane, A. M. Smith, P. Pfister, J. C. Hill, Stefan Kluth, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, B. C. Shen, Shlomit Tarem, P. Bentkowski, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, C. Wahl, John Hobbs, G. M. Dallavalle, P. Mättig, J. P. Martin, A. Buijs, G. P. Siroli, D. M. Strom, A. K. Honma, W. G. Scott, Christoph Schwick, G. N. Patrick, J. E. Pilcher, G. D. Lafferty, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, S. De Jong, J. W. Gary, R. J. Barlow, R. P. Middleton, D. J.P. Dumas, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, R. Kowalewski, M. Fierro, P. Teixeira-Dias, T. J. Smith, K. Stephens, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, J. von Krogh, J. R. McNutt, M. Sasaki, M. J. Losty, Dave Robinson, P. M. Watkins, G. Quast, John Baines, C. Burgard, B. Schmitt, G. A. Beck, L. A. del Pozo, S. Schreiber, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, D. R. Ward, J. Kroll, G. Transtromer, R. K. Carnegie, S. L. Lloyd, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, J. A. Wilson, A. Pouladdej, R. J. Sobie, W. Schappert, F. S. Merritt, J. A. McKenna, R. F. McGowan, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, N. I. Geddes, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. W. Redmond, Horst Breuker, A. Rollnik, P. Poffenberger, R. Giacomelli, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, A. Astbury, O. Ganel, A. J. Martin, M. Jimack, C. K. Hargrove, R. G. Kellogg, D. S. Koetke, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, G. Mikenberg, O. Schaile, F. Odorici, J. Banks, N. J. Tresilian, T. Mouthuy, R. D. Heuer, A. Yeaman, Fabrizio Fabbri, N. K. Watson, D. Van den plas, Sachio Komamiya, E. Ros, D. R. Rust, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, Peter R Hobson, A. M. Rossi, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, T. Tsukamoto, T. G. Shears, S. Levegrün, P. Berlich, L. Köpke, B. Boden, B. Poli, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, J. R. Carter, and J. Hart
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Observable, Jet (particle physics), Resonance (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Renormalization, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Energy (signal processing), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The strong coupling constant, αs, has been determined in hadronic decays of theZ0 resonance, using measurements of seven observables relating to global event shapes, energy correlations and jet rates. The data have been compared with resummed QCD calculations, which are combined with theO(s2) theory. The seven measurements agree to about 10% and the final results, based on a weighted average, is: $$\alpha _s (M_{Z^0 } ) = 0.120 \pm 0.006,$$ where the error includes both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. This value corresponds to renormalization scale$\mu = M_{Z^0 } $ and the error includes the uncertainty in this choice of scale. The present measurement complements previous determinations using theO(s2) QCD matrix elements alone, and yields a compatible result, with comparable errors.
Published: 1993

43. A measurement of the average lifetime of b-flavoured baryons

Author: F. S. Merritt, R. J. Hemingway, D. Pitman, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, N. I. Geddes, R. G. Kellog, Matthias Schröder, J. A. McKenna, B. Boden, B. Poli, Alessandro Montanari, H. Lafoux, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, G. Yekutieli, Richard Keeler, M. Yurko, M. Rosvick, J. R. McNutt, H. M. Fischer, P. A. Elcombe, J. Banks, A. Michelini, P. Poffenberger, R. Lahmann, S. L. Chu, G. P. Siroli, T. J. McMahon, J. King, D. Axen, J. Hagemann, Silvia Arcelli, N. J. Tresilian, R. D. Heuer, A. D. Schaile, Fabrizio Fabbri, A. C. Janissen, J. Schwiening, J. M. Roney, R. K. Carnegie, J. Becker, P. M. Hattersley, S. A. Robins, P. W. Jeffreys, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, J. P. Pansart, Gordon H. Hanson, P. Pfister, F. C. Grant, J. A. Wilson, F. Scharf, M. Hauschild, M. J. Pearce, Horst Breuker, G. J. VanDalen, M. A. Whalley, M. Fincke-Keeler, John Hobbs, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, M. W. Redmond, C. Markus, W. Schappert, D. E. Plane, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, P. Weber, D. Van den plas, C. Stegmann, A. Wagner, R. Bartoldus, H. O. Ogren, Otmar Biebel, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, C. Burgard, P. Igo-Kemenes, A. Skillman, R. Sobie, A. Gaidot, M. Sproston, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, P. Bentkowski, G. M. Dallavalle, M. A. Thomson, R. Kowalewski, J. Hart, D. R. Rust, B. C. Shen, H. Jeremie, A. Astbury, John Allison, C. Schwick, Andris Skuja, R.J. Akers, H. Deng, R. Humbert, R. E. Hughes-Jones, C. J. Oram, S. Tarem, J. Kroll, M. Morii, P. Paschievici, Peter R Hobson, D. J.P. Dumas, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, J. von Krogh, M. Hansroul, U. Maur, Madjid Boutemeur, P. S. Wells, U. Müller, M. Jones, Terry Richard Wyatt, O. Schaile, A. M. Lee, T. Hilse, Gideon Alexander, E. Lefebvre, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, Sachio Komamiya, Dave Robinson, Paolo Capiluppi, P. E.L. Clarke, A. J. Martin, J. D. Gillies, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, O. Runolfsson, M. Coupland, P. G. Estabrooks, D. S. Koetke, W. R. Gibson, L. A. del Pozo, F. Odorici, S. Bethke, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, B. Fabbro, C. Sbarra, C. Beeston, Norbert Wermes, B. Panzer-Steindel, R. J. Homer, C. Leroy, Tetsuro Mashimo, E. do Couto e Silva, P. M. Watkins, E. Duchovni, C. K. Hargrove, J. M. Lorah, Marco Cuffiani, Stefano Marcellini, Michael Dittmar, M. H. Lehto, T. Kawamoto, S. Barnett, A. M. Rossi, Claudio Grandi, S. Towers, James Letts, T. Tsukamoto, W. G. Scott, G. Mikenberg, T. P. Kokott, A. Luig, W. Mohr, R. J. Barlow, A. Beck, T. G. Shears, P. F. Harrison, S. Orito, Gideon Bella, S. De Jong, C. Moisan, G. A. Beck, Achim Stahl, E. Heflin, R. Mir, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, Erez Etzion, A. A. Carter, Stephen Lloyd, Roger Jones, P. Teixeira-Dias, M. Tecchio, Stefan Kluth, D. J. Miller, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, R. Van Kooten, G. Azuelos, M. Jimack, P. Berlich, H. Ihssen, G. Quast, J. C. Clayton, R. M. Brown, J. Steuerer, A. Yeaman, M. J. Oreglia, Gregor Herten, S. W. Gensler, B. Schmitt, S. J. Hillier, M. G. Rison, N. K. Watson, C. Wahl, G. Transtromer, B. W. Kennedy, E. Torrente-Lujan, L. Levinson, A. Rollnik, B. Wilkens, R. Giacomelli, D. Lellouch, T. Kobayashi, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, W. Gorn, K. Stephens, J. E. Pilcher, D. Hochman, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, M. J. Losty, D. C. Imrie, H. Przysiezniak, M. Fierro, V. Gibson, John Baines, S. Rossberg, T. Wlodek, Tohru Takeshita, T. Behnke, J. G. Layter, D. R. Ward, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, Max Weber, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, R. P. Middleton, P. Scharff-Hansen, D. A. Hinshaw, J. Goldberg, G. Wolf, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, G. Giacomelli, P. Schenk, A. M. Smith, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, J. Pinfold, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. Jawahery, S. Wotton, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, Peter Sherwood, R. W. Springer, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, G. Beaudoin, P. Routenburg, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. T. Zorn, H. M. Bosch, D. M. Gingrich, C. M. Hawkes, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, M. Cooper, Shlomo Dado, Takehiko Mori, X. C. Lou, P. Bright-Thomas, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, R. Yaari, D. L. Rees, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, A. K. Honma, T. J. Smith, P. Mättig, V. H. Winterer, G. D. Lafferty, T. W. Pritchard, C. Jui, J. Lauber, H. Takeda, and F. G. Oakham
Subjects: Physics, Decay length, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, OPAL detector, Elementary particle, Monte Carlo event samples, Bottom quark, lcsh:QC1-999, Vertex (geometry), Baryon, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Lepton
Abstract: The average lifetime of baryons containing a b quark has been measured with the OPAL detector using data collected between 1990 and 1992. Semileptonically decaying b-flavoured baryons which produce a Λ are identified through the charge correlation of the λ and lepton. The decay point of the baryon is estimated by the λ-lepton vertex, and the observed distribution of decay lengths is fitted to determine the average lifetime. In the data sample consisting of 261 right-sign and 104 wrong-sign λ-lepton charge combinations, the average b baryon lifetime is found to be τ = 1.05 +0.23 -0.20 ±0.08 ps, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic.
Published: 1993

44. A study of K$^{0}_{s}K^{0}_{s}$ Bose-Einstein correlations in hadronic $Z^{0}$ decays

Author: James Pinfold, A. D. Schaile, D. G. Fong, T. Mouthuy, J. Gascon, Silvia Arcelli, Tohru Takeshita, H. von der Schmitt, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, F. S. Merritt, S. Schreiber, J. Kroll, F. X. Gentit, J. E. Conboy, A. Pouladdej, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, F. G. Oakham, J. A. McKenna, M. H. Lehto, P. S. Wells, Georges Azuelos, R. F. McGowan, P. E.L. Clarke, T. J. McMahon, P. Igo-Kemenes, V. H. Winterer, F. Lamarche, Terry Richard Wyatt, P. Singh, J. Schwiening, R. J. Hemingway, S. Bougerolle, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, G. Maringer, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, H. Jeremie, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, Max Weber, A. M. Rossi, P. Jovanovic, T. G. Shears, M. Coupland, J. C. Hill, R. Lahmann, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, F. C. Grant, Misao Sasaki, R. W. L. Jones, D. C. Imrie, W. Schappert, S. W. O'Neale, K. J. Anderson, K. Stephens, J. W. Gary, M. A. Whalley, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, J. Steuerer, J. M. Roney, Alessandro Montanari, B. C. Shen, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, B. Panzer-Steindel, E. do Couto e Silva, W. J. Collins, A. Buijs, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, D. M. Strom, C. Y. Chang, M. F. Turner, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, A. K. Honma, G. P. Siroli, J. R. McNutt, M. Jobes, D. L. Rees, P. Taras, J. Hart, P. Berlich, Mitsuaki Nozaki, N. I. Geddes, W. G. Scott, Christoph Schwick, U. Binder, L. Köpke, R. Mir, J. D. Gillies, Gideon Bella, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, T. W. Pritchard, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, B. Boden, G. Beaudoin, Michael Dittmar, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. Gaidot, G. Yekutieli, R. Kowalewski, R. J. Barlow, H. Mes, B. Poli, D. J. Miller, R. Yaari, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Hansroul, P. M. Watkins, I. P. Duerdoth, S. Bethke, A. A. Carter, Marco Cuffiani, M. Sproston, Shlomo Dado, P. Poffenberger, O. Schaile, M. J. Losty, M. W. Redmond, D. E. Plane, J. Banks, H. M. Fischer, Stephen Hillier, A. Michelini, X. C. Lou, A. C. Janissen, N. J. Tresilian, P. Routenburg, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, P. Bentkowski, A. Rollnik, S. Weisz, V. Gibson, R. D. Heuer, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, G. M. Dallavalle, G. Quast, C. Jui, R. J. Homer, Fabrizio Fabbri, Giora Mikenberg, D. Van den plas, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, John Baines, H. Przysiezniak, P. M. Hattersley, P. A. Elcombe, J. von Krogh, D. R. Rust, John Hobbs, Dave Robinson, Margret Fincke-Keeler, T. Hilse, Horst Breuker, H. Ihssen, S. W. Gensler, A. M. Smith, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, L. A. del Pozo, D. A. Hinshaw, D. J.P. Dumas, O. Runolfsson, M. Jimack, John Allison, J. Becker, M. J. Oreglia, D. R. Ward, Claude Leroy, M. Hauschild, G. Transtromer, G. J. VanDalen, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, P. Weber, G. Vasseur, Claudio Grandi, M. Yurko, P. W. Jeffreys, J. P. Pansart, W. R. Gibson, P. Pfister, C. Markus, P. Paschievici, A. M. Lee, A. Astbury, R. G. Kellogg, M. Morii, D. S. Koetke, B. Lorazo, O. Ganel, Stefano Marcellini, J. C. Clayton, T. Behnke, Peter R Hobson, P. Bright-Thomas, A. J. Martin, A. Beck, James Letts, M. A. Thomson, E. Heflin, R. M. Brown, Andris Skuja, Lorne Levinson, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, Phillip Allport, F. Odorici, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, A. Simon, B. W. Kennedy, Otmar Biebel, E. Torrente-Lujan, Sachio Komamiya, C. Wahl, C. K. Hargrove, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. M. Lorah, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, Tetsuro Mashimo, H. Deng, J. E. Pilcher, R. Humbert, W. Mohr, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, B. Schmitt, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, G. T. Zorn, Norbert Wermes, T. Kawamoto, Gideon Alexander, W. Gorn, H. M. Bosch, G. A. Bahan, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, A. Yeaman, Peter Sherwood, N. K. Watson, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, P. F. Harrison, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, M. Tecchio, S. Barnett, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, I. J. Bloodworth, M. Settles, M. Foucher, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, T. J. Smith, P. Mättig, J. G. Layter, J. P. Martin, S. De Jong, Erez Etzion, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, R. P. Middleton, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, G. G. Hanson, H. G. Evans, G. Giacomelli, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, E.J. Prebys, M. S. Dixit, S. Wotton, and Frans Meijers
Subjects: Hadronic decay, Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Hadron, Four-momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Bose–Einstein correlations, Radius, Scalar meson, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Bose-Einstein correlations in K0SK0S pairs have been studied for the first time in e+e− annihilations. These correlations were measured through the quantity Q, the four momentum difference of the pair. Out of about half a million Z0 hadronic decay events a total of about 6000 events with two or more identified K0S mesons were used for the analysis We observe a threshold enhancement in K0SK0S pairs originating from a mixed sample of K0 K 0 and K0K0 ( K 0 K 0 ) pairs. Although we can not presently exclude that a part of this effect is due to scalar meson decays, our analysis attributes the enhancement to Bose-Einstein correlations. We find the values for the strength of the effect and the radius of the K0S emitting source to be λ = 1.12 ± 0.33 ± 0.29 and R0 = (0.72 ± 0.17 ± 0.19) fm, respectively, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic.
Published: 1992

45. Evidence for the existence of the strange b-flavoured meson $B^{0}_{s}$ in $Z^{0}$ decays

Author: Margret Fincke-Keeler, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, J. P. Martin, F. S. Merritt, J. Goldberg, K. Stephens, Peter Sherwood, J. R. McNutt, J. C. Clayton, S. De Jong, B. Nellen, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, M. H. Lehto, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, P. Leblanc, K. Runge, P. Bock, P. Pfister, P. F. Harrison, H. G. Evans, T. G. Shears, J. A. McKenna, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, P. G. Estabrooks, R. K. Keeler, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, A. Buijs, A. Yeaman, M. Tecchio, R. F. McGowan, I. J. Bloodworth, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, W. R. Gibson, A. D. Schaile, Tohru Takeshita, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Erez Etzion, F. Lamarche, Phillip Allport, Stefan Kluth, Jacqueline Batley, N. K. Watson, P. M. Watkins, P. Berlich, Shlomit Tarem, J. M. Roney, M. Settles, S. Barnett, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, L. Köpke, H. Mes, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, A. Beck, V. H. Winterer, D. Strom, I. P. Duerdoth, E. Heflin, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Georges Azuelos, M. Foucher, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, P. Weber, R. P. Middleton, R. J. Hemingway, H. Deng, R. Humbert, R. M. Brown, P. Teixeira-Dias, D. R. Rust, Lorne Levinson, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, P. Lennert, J. Kroll, P. Poffenberger, Silvia Arcelli, B. W. Kennedy, F. X. Gentit, Max Weber, A. Gaidot, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. Burgard, P. Jovanovic, M. Kuwano, J. E. Conboy, T. Wlodek, D. G. Fong, P. Singh, J. C. Hill, Misao Sasaki, W. J. Collins, M. Sproston, T. Kawamoto, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, A. Pouladdej, B. C. Shen, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, R. W. L. Jones, S. Orito, M. Rosvick, D. E. Plane, R. Mir, Sachio Komamiya, P. Routenburg, A. K. Honma, Alessandro Montanari, W. G. Scott, Stephen Hillier, P. Le Du, T. W. Pritchard, E. Ros, A. T. Watson, J. W. Gary, J. Hart, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, B. Panzer-Steindel, G. M. Dallavalle, R. Kowalewski, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. J. Oreglia, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, M. Hauschild, A. Astbury, M. Jobes, H. Jeremie, J. D. Gillies, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, U. Binder, P. A. Elcombe, C. Markus, J. Banks, M. Hansroul, E. do Couto e Silva, P. Scharff-Hansen, M. J. Losty, P. Paschievici, J. R. Carter, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, G. N. Patrick, O. Ganel, N. J. Tresilian, S. Wotton, R. J. Barlow, A. J. Martin, S. Weisz, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, G. Beaudoin, D. J.P. Dumas, R. D. Heuer, R. J. Homer, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Fabrizio Fabbri, John Hobbs, Daniel Lellouch, Shlomo Dado, A. M. Smith, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, D. Van den plas, D. A. Hinshaw, G. Vasseur, X. C. Lou, M. F. Turner, Takehiko Mori, B. Lorazo, G. G. Hanson, D. L. Rees, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, J. Becker, C. Jui, G. Giacomelli, C. Wahl, C. K. Hargrove, G. J. VanDalen, J. von Krogh, D. C. Imrie, E.J. Prebys, C. P. Howarth, T. Behnke, N. Wermes, J. E. Pilcher, G. P. Siroli, M. S. Dixit, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, Frans Meijers, H. Ihssen, C. Y. Chang, Christoph Schwick, Dave Robinson, P. Taras, Mitsuaki Nozaki, S. W. Gensler, M. Morii, S. W. O'Neale, Peter R Hobson, L. A. del Pozo, Andris Skuja, J. M. Lorah, Tetsuro Mashimo, J. G. Layter, W. Gorn, W. Mohr, T. J. Smith, G. A. Bahan, Michael Dittmar, Horst Breuker, P. M. Hattersley, G. Yekutieli, P. Mättig, D. J. Miller, F. G. Oakham, A. A. Carter, F. Odorici, O. Schaile, M. Yurko, P. S. Wells, G. Duckeck, P. W. Jeffreys, R. Ströhmer, A. M. Lee, Terry Richard Wyatt, G. T. Zorn, M. Coupland, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, S. Schreiber, T. J. McMahon, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, J. A. Wilson, W. Schappert, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, M. W. Redmond, H. Przysiezniak, A. Rollnik, N. I. Geddes, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, B. Boden, B. Poli, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, H. M. Fischer, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, M. Jimack, John Allison, T. Mouthuy, Claudio Grandi, S. Bougerolle, Giora Mikenberg, R. G. Kellogg, A. M. Rossi, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, and K. J. Anderson
Subjects: Quark, Semileptonic decay, Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Particle Physics - Experiment, Conjugate
Abstract: We present evidence for the existence of the strange b-flavoured meson Bs0 in a data sample of 470 628 hadronic Z0 decays recorded with the OPAL detector at LEP. A signal of 18.3±5.2 (stat.)±0.9(syst.) D s − l + pairs (or charge conjugate, l = e or l = μ ) is found after background subtraction, where the Ds meson is detected in the oπ and K∗0 K final states. Interpreting this signal as coming from the semileptonic decay B s 0 → D s − l + v X and combining t he two decay modes of the Ds, we find f ( b →B s 0 )B( B s 0 → D s − l + v X )B D s − →φ π − ) = [3.9±1.1 ( stat. )±0.8( syst. )]×10 −4 , where f ( b →B s 0 ) is the fraction of b quarks that results in a B0s meson in Z0 decays. This signal for the Bs0 is supported by our observation of an excess of 147 ± 48 inclusive Ds mesons in the φπ and K∗0K modes above the number expected from B0 and B+ decays and from the fragmentation of primary c quarks. In addition, a search is made for the exclusive decay Bs0→J/ψφ. Based on one candidate event the 90% confidence level upper limit is determined to be f ( b → B s 0 ) B ( B s 0 → J /ψφ) .
Published: 1992

46. A measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry in hadronic decays of the $Z^{0}$

Author: W. J. Collins, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, P. Singh, D. Axen, A. Jawahery, Silvia Arcelli, R. W. L. Jones, T. W. Pritchard, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, P. Le Du, Peter Sherwood, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, B. Panzer-Steindel, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, M. H. Lehto, J. Goldberg, P. Teixeira-Dias, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, K. Runge, P. Bock, Paul Kyberd, F. K. Loebinger, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, M. F. Turner, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, P. Poffenberger, M. W. Redmond, A. Rollnik, R. Mir, H. Przysiezniak, J. M. Roney, Tara Shears, J. P. Martin, John Hill, S. De Jong, Sachio Komamiya, P. Berlich, H. G. Evans, P. Weber, L. Köpke, Gideon Bella, H. J. Burckhart, Jacqueline Batley, P. Igo-Kemenes, B. C. Shen, F. S. Merritt, E. Ros, D. R. Rust, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, G. Maringer, M. Hansroul, H. Jeremie, P. Lennert, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Horst Breuker, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, T. P. Kokott, Carla Sbarra, A. D. Schaile, M. J. Oreglia, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, J. A. McKenna, V. H. Winterer, Takehiko Mori, A. K. Honma, H. M. Bosch, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, O. Schaile, E. do Couto e Silva, D. A. Hinshaw, G. G. Hanson, N. I. Geddes, R. J. Homer, Margret Fincke-Keeler, R. F. McGowan, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, W. G. Scott, P. M. Hattersley, R. Kowalewski, B. Boden, F. Odorici, M. Jimack, S. Bougerolle, J. Hart, P. F. Harrison, T. Hilse, O. Runolfsson, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, P. Pfister, B. Poli, P. G. Estabrooks, S. Wotton, G. Giacomelli, E.J. Prebys, H. O. Ogren, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, J. D. Gillies, G. E. Richards, John Allison, M. Hauschild, M. J. Losty, Claudio Grandi, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, T. Behnke, P. M. Watkins, J. W. Gary, M. S. Dixit, Frans Meijers, P. D. Acton, M. Yurko, Stephen Lloyd, H. M. Fischer, C. Markus, H. Deng, R. Humbert, P. W. Jeffreys, A. Yeaman, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, J. Kroll, R. G. Kellogg, A. M. Lee, N. K. Watson, P. Paschievici, S. Barnett, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, A. Michelini, A. C. Janissen, D. C. Imrie, W. R. Gibson, F. X. Gentit, R. J. Barlow, J. Banks, C. Jui, N. J. Tresilian, J. E. Conboy, Stefano Marcellini, James Letts, Andris Skuja, M. Tecchio, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, Erez Etzion, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, T. Kawamoto, Fabrizio Fabbri, D. Van den plas, A. Pouladdej, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, A. Astbury, J. G. Layter, Tetsuro Mashimo, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, Stefan Kluth, Shlomit Tarem, A. Beck, S. Orito, Tohru Takeshita, O. Ganel, E. Heflin, A. J. Martin, M. Rosvick, G. A. Snow, C. P. Ward, C. Wahl, T. Mouthuy, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, Georges Azuelos, W. Gorn, R. M. Brown, F. G. Oakham, S. W. O'Neale, C. P. Howarth, Peter R Hobson, J. F. Kral, K. W. Bell, Lorne Levinson, R. P. Middleton, J. E. Pilcher, G. T. Zorn, N. Wermes, Ehud Duchovni, B. W. Kennedy, G. A. Bahan, C. K. Hargrove, F. Lamarche, R. Shypit, T. J. Smith, Max Weber, M. Jobes, U. Binder, R. J. Hemingway, A. M. Rossi, Misao Sasaki, P. Scharff-Hansen, G. Beaudoin, J. C. Clayton, T. Tsukamoto, S. Levegrün, P. Jovanovic, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, P. Mättig, Alessandro Montanari, Shlomo Dado, D. E. Plane, A. M. Smith, Stephen Hillier, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, H. Ihssen, X. C. Lou, I. J. Bloodworth, G. M. Dallavalle, Giora Mikenberg, Alan Watson, S. W. Gensler, D. J.P. Dumas, T. Kobayashi, M. Settles, M. Foucher, C. J. Virtue, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, Phillip Allport, M. Morri, K. Stephens, J. R. McNutt, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, V. Gibson, G. Quast, John Baines, D. R. Ward, G. Transtromer, D. J. Miller, S. Schreiber, P. S. Wells, T. J. McMahon, Terry Richard Wyatt, M. Coupland, J. Schwiening, R. K. Carnegie, Richard Keeler, J. A. Wilson, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, F. C. Grant, M. A. Whalley, W. Schappert, A. Buijs, D. M. Strom, J. von Krogh, Dave Robinson, L. A. del Pozo, Michael Dittmar, G. Yekutieli, A. A. Carter, John Hobbs, P. E.L. Clarke, J. Steuerer, R. Yaari, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, P. A. Elcombe, D. L. Rees, J. Becker, G. J. VanDalen, A. Gaidot, M. Kuwano, T. Wlodek, M. Sproston, P. Routenburg, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, J. M. Lorah, W. Mohr, K. J. Anderson, C. Y. Chang, P. Taras, and Mitsuaki Nozaki
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Charge (physics), Weinberg angle, Asymmetry, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, media_common, Lepton
Abstract: We present a measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry in hadronic decays of the Z0 using data collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. The forward-backward charge asymmetry was measured using a weight function method which gave the number of forward events on a statistical basis. In a data sample of 448 942 hadronic Z0 decays, we have observed a charge asymmetry of Ah = 0.040±0.004 (stat.)±0.006 (syst.)±0.002 (B0 B 0 mix.), taking into account the effect of B0 B 0 mixing. In the framework of the standard model, this asymmetry corresponds to an effective weak mixing angle averaged over five quark flavours of sin 2 θ W = 0.2321 ± 0.0017 ( stat. ) ± 0.0027 ( syst. ) ± 0.0009 (B0 B 0 mix.). The result agrees with the value obtained from the Z0 line shape and lepton pair forward-backward asymmetry.
Published: 1992

47. A test of higher order electroweak theory in $Z^{0}$ decays to two leptons with an associated pair of charged particles

Author: J. Hart, B. C. Shen, M. F. Turner, A. K. Honma, J. D. Gillies, P. Poffenberger, H. Przysiezniak, W. G. Scott, M. Jimack, Gideon Bella, S. Barnett, D. R. Rust, John Allison, H. J. Burckhart, D. Hochman, N. J. Thackray, R. Kowalewski, Andris Skuja, Tetsuro Mashimo, Jacqueline Batley, G. Beaudoin, W. Gorn, G. A. Bahan, R. Mir, H. Oh, P. Lennert, R. J. Barlow, M. J. Losty, P. Igo-Kemenes, G. Maringer, K. Stephens, R. G. Kellogg, H. Jeremie, J. R. McNutt, R. E. Hughes-Jones, U. Maur, G. G. Hanson, H. Mes, I. P. Duerdoth, O. Runolfsson, Shlomo Dado, Stefano Marcellini, D. E. Klem, F. Lamarche, R. J. Hemingway, M. J. Oreglia, James Letts, G. Giacomelli, P. G. Estabrooks, E. do Couto e Silva, M. Hauschild, V. Gibson, Tohru Takeshita, E.J. Prebys, J. von Krogh, Phillip Allport, G. Quast, D. E. Plane, X. C. Lou, Paul Kyberd, John Baines, F. K. Loebinger, R. Van Kooten, D. Pitman, John Hobbs, P. Jovanovic, M. H. Lehto, Stephen Hillier, Claudio Grandi, M. Yurko, P. Singh, G. M. Dallavalle, Austin Ball, D. Menszner, M. W. Redmond, S. W. O'Neale, Giora Mikenberg, A. Astbury, P. Paschievici, P. M. Watkins, M. S. Dixit, Georges Azuelos, Dave Robinson, Frans Meijers, P. W. Jeffreys, K. J. Anderson, A. Rollnik, Peter R Hobson, D. R. Ward, H. O. Ogren, J. R. Carter, G. N. Patrick, A. Simon, Otmar Biebel, Christoph Geich-Gimbel, M. Hansroul, Alessandro Montanari, A. Gaidot, P. E.L. Clarke, J. F. Kral, L. A. del Pozo, S. Schreiber, K. W. Bell, W. J. Collins, T. J. McMahon, M. Kuwano, Alan Watson, G. Transtromer, A. M. Lee, Randall Sobie, G. D. Lafferty, N. I. Geddes, D. J.P. Dumas, R. W. L. Jones, J. Steuerer, G. E. Richards, D. G. Charlton, D. L. Wagner, M. Couch, C. Y. Chang, J. Schwiening, T. Wlodek, Sachio Komamiya, Max Weber, Gideon Alexander, Paolo Capiluppi, P. Schenk, Misao Sasaki, M. Sproston, D. J. Miller, E. Ros, B. Boden, B. Poli, P. Berlich, R. Humbert, J. P. Martin, R. K. Carnegie, L. Köpke, Silvia Arcelli, O. Ganel, W. R. Gibson, P. Taras, P. Le Du, N. Wermes, G. A. Snow, J. Mildenberger, Harold Nguyen, J. A. Wilson, John Hill, H. M. Fischer, A. J. Martin, T. P. Kokott, Rene Brun, Carla Sbarra, P. Routenburg, T. W. Pritchard, F. Odorici, C. P. Ward, A. Michelini, Ehud Duchovni, R. Shypit, S. De Jong, G. Duckeck, R. Ströhmer, A. C. Janissen, H. Takeda, W. Schappert, E. Heflin, B. Panzer-Steindel, H. Ihssen, N. Tesch, A. Dieckmann, T. Kawamoto, D. Strom, S. A. Robins, R. Yaari, F. G. Oakham, J. Banks, R. M. Brown, Lorne Levinson, N. J. Tresilian, G. T. Zorn, S. Bethke, Marco Cuffiani, S. W. Gensler, R. J. Homer, P. A. Elcombe, S. Weisz, R. D. Heuer, B. W. Kennedy, Fabrizio Fabbri, M. M. Deninno, S. Orito, C. Fukunaga, M. Rosvick, T. Kobayashi, C. J. Virtue, K. Riles, Michael Dittmar, T. Mouthuy, D. Van den plas, P. S. Wells, H. M. Bosch, G. Yekutieli, Margret Fincke-Keeler, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. A. Carter, D. L. Rees, J. Becker, A. M. Rossi, S. Bougerolle, T. Tsukamoto, J. Kroll, Terry Richard Wyatt, S. Levegrün, J. G. Layter, G. J. VanDalen, N. K. Watson, P. F. Harrison, A. D. Schaile, P. D. Acton, Stephen Lloyd, D. Axen, S. Sanghera, F. X. Gentit, C. K. Hargrove, V. H. Winterer, M. Coupland, F. C. Grant, S. R. Hou, C. Wahl, J. M. Lorah, M. A. Whalley, A. Jawahery, W. Mohr, J. E. Conboy, M. Ogg, P. Pfister, G. Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, C. P. Howarth, Peter Sherwood, A. Pouladdej, R. W. Springer, Alexander Wagner, J. E. Pilcher, C. Moisan, J. P. Walker, J. Hagemann, J. Ludwig, N. Paz-Jaoshvili, P. Teixeira-Dias, K. Runge, P. Bock, F. S. Merritt, A. Buijs, O. Schaile, J. A. McKenna, D. A. Hinshaw, R. F. McGowan, T. Behnke, Horst Breuker, Richard Keeler, Claude Leroy, J. P. Pansart, D. G. Fong, J. Gascon, H. von der Schmitt, J. W. Gary, Marcello Mannelli, J. E. Duboscq, M. Jobes, U. Binder, P. Scharff-Hansen, A. M. Smith, G. Vasseur, B. Lorazo, P. M. Hattersley, D. C. Imrie, G. P. Siroli, Christoph Schwick, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, I. J. Bloodworth, J. M. Roney, P. Weber, M. Settles, A. Beck, G. W. Wilson, D. Karlen, C. M. Hawkes, M. Cooper, Daniel Lellouch, Takehiko Mori, T. J. Smith, P. Mättig, S. Wotton, J. Goldberg, B. Nellen, P. Leblanc, H. G. Evans, M. J. Goodrick, I. Cohen, Erez Etzion, Gareth J. Barker, Shlomit Tarem, S. Rossberg, C. J. Oram, and R. P. Middleton
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electroweak interaction, Invariant mass, Charged particle, Particle Physics - Experiment, Vertex (geometry), Lepton
Abstract: The OPAL detector at LEP was used to study the reactions e + e − → e + e − V, e + e − → μ + μ − V and e + e − → τ + τ − V, where V represents an additional pair of oppositely charged tracks coming directly from the event vertex. Rates for these processes were determined using selection criteria similar to those described in a recent publication by the ALEPH Collaboration in which a possible excess in the τ + τ − V channel was reported. In the OPAL data no discrepancy was found between the measured production rates and those expected from known physics processes in any of the three channels. The measured distributions of the invariant mass of the V and angle between the V and closest lepton are also described adequately within the context of the standard model.
Published: 1992

48. Expanded ontogeny of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the brains of fetal and newborn lambs

Author: G E, Richards, P D, Gluckman, K, Ball, S C, Mannelli, and J A, Kalamaras
Subjects: Brain Chemistry, Serotonin, Sheep, Dopamine, Brain, Gestational Age, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Norepinephrine, Animals, Newborn, Pregnancy, Animals, Female
Abstract: To evaluate the ontogeny of the brain neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and the metabolites hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid, we measured these neurotransmitters in 10 brain areas at three ages in fetal sheep and two ages in newborn lambs. Norepinephrine exhibited an increase only at 25-30 days after birth in the midbrain, lateral hypothalamus, dorsal medial hypothalamus and ventral medial hypothalamus. Dopamine concentration was very low and did not change over the ages examined. Homovanillic acid decreased after 125 days in the cerebellum, but this change is probably not biologically meaningful, since there were no statistically significant changes in homovanillic acid in other brain areas. Serotonin increased at 25-30 days after birth in the ventral medial hypothalamus, but changes in other brain areas were not significant. Hydroxyindoleacetic acid reached its greatest concentration at 1-5 days after birth in nine of the ten brain areas examined. Thus we conclude that the serotonin system is undergoing more change in the last third of gestation and first month of extrauterine life than the norepinephrine or dopamine systems.
Published: 1990

49. The contraception/abortion issue: should we get involved?

Author: D R, Hollingsworth, J, Hotchkiss, S L, Kaplan, M C, Koppelman, M B, Nikitovitch-Winer, G E, Richards, E, Rosemberg, N B, Schwartz, J L, Turgeon, and P M, Wise
Subjects: Financing, Government, Contraception, Pregnancy, Health Policy, Humans, Abortion, Induced, Female, United States
Published: 1990

50. How Much Fat Is There in the Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Author: G E Richards, G F Gillies, Wayne S. Cutfield, Paul L. Hofman, and V J Tyrrell
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Body volume index, business.industry, Classification of obesity, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Lean body mass, Medicine, Body Shape Index, Body adiposity index, business, Body mass index
Published: 1999

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