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1. CMAS 3D, a new program to visualize and project major elements compositions in the CMAS system.

Author: Lydéric France, N. Ouillon, G. Chazot, J. Kornprobst, and P. Boivin
Published: 2009
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2. Contribution of the daily melatonin profile to diagnosis of tumors of the pineal region

Author: Marc Sindou, Anne Jouvet, Michelle Fèvre-Montange, José Leston, Bruno Claustrat, Jocelyne Brun, G. Chazot, Carmine Mottolese, and Jacques Champier
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Adolescent, Radioimmunoassay, Biology, Pineal Gland, Neurosurgical Procedures, Melatonin, Young Adult, Glioma, Internal medicine, Biopsy, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Cyst, Child, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain Neoplasms, Papillary tumor, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Peripheral, Endocrinology, Oncology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Germ cell tumors, Pinealoma, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Tumors of the pineal region (TPR) include different entities: germ cell tumors (GCT), pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT), meningiomas, and glial tumors. Except for GCT, there are no peripheral markers and histopathological diagnosis needs biopsy or surgery. We studied daily melatonin variations in twenty-nine patients with TPR and five with tectal plate glioma (TPG), used as controls, before and/or after surgery. Before surgery, a melatonin nycthemeral rhythm was observed in patients with TPG and TPR (one cyst, three PPT, one papillary tumor of the pineal region, two meningiomas, six gliomas). Melatonin rhythm was dramatically reduced for undifferentiated or invasive tumors. After surgery, the absence of melatonin variation in some cases could be the consequence of pineal damage by surgery. The contribution of determination of melatonin profiles to the diagnosis of TPR remains limited but of interest. The evidence for melatonin deficiency could justify melatonin administration to prevent the postpinealectomy syndrome.
Published: 2009
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3. The Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety dedicated to oil slicks predictions

Author: Zodiatis, G. De Dominicis, M. Perivoliotis, L. Radhakrishnan, H. Georgoudis, E. Sotillo, M. Lardner, R.W. Krokos, G. Bruciaferri, D. Clementi, E. Guarnieri, A. Ribotti, A. Drago, A. Bourma, E. Padorno, E. Daniel, P. Gonzalez, G. Chazot, C. Gouriou, V. Kremer, X. Sofianos, S. Tintore, J. Garreau, P. Pinardi, N. Coppini, G. Lecci, R. Pisano, A. Sorgente, R. Fazioli, L. Soloviev, D. Stylianou, S. Nikolaidis, A. Panayidou, X. Karaolia, A. Gauci, A. Marcati, A. Caiazzo, L. Mancini, M.
Abstract: In the Mediterranean sea the risk from oil spill pollution is high due to the heavy traffic of merchant vessels for transporting oil and gas, especially after the recent enlargement of the Suez canal and to the increasing coastal and offshore installations related to the oil industry in general. The basic response to major oil spills includes different measures and equipment. However, in order to strengthen the maritime safety related to oil spill pollution in the Mediterranean and to assist the response agencies, a multi-model oil spill prediction service has been set up, known as MEDESS-4MS (Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety). The concept behind the MEDESS-4MS service is the integration of the existing national ocean forecasting systems in the region with the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS) and their interconnection, through a dedicated network data repository, facilitating access to all these data and to the data from the oil spill monitoring platforms, including the satellite data ones, with the well established oil spill models in the region. The MEDESS-4MS offer a range of service scenarios, multi-model data access and interactive capabilities to suite the needs of REMPEC (Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea) and EMSA-CSN (European Maritime Safety Agency-CleanseaNet). © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2016

4. Rating of Olfactory Judgements in Migraine Patients

Author: G Chazot, Philippe Giraud, Jean-Pierre Royet, Philippe Ryvlin, Geneviève Demarquay, and Dominique Valade
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine Disorders, Disease duration, Differential Threshold, Olfaction, Logistic regression, 050105 experimental psychology, Judgment, Olfaction Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rating scale, Internal medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, Humans, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Ictal, business.industry, Osmophobia, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Control subjects, Smell, Migraine, Sensory Thresholds, Anesthesia, Odorants, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory hypersensitivity (OHS) between attacks in migraine patients. Seventy-four migraine patients and 30 controls were enrolled. The presence of OHS was evaluated using an oral questionnaire and a chemical odour intolerance index. Subjects had to rate the intensity and hedonicity of 12 odourants using a linear rating scale. Twenty-six patients (35.2±) but no control subjects reported an interictal OHS ( P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with OHS presented a greater attack frequency, a higher number of odour-induced migraines and visual hypersensitivity when compared with other patients. Disease duration, age, gender and auditory hypersensitivity were not associated with OHS. OHS patients judged odours less pleasant than did other patients and controls, whereas the intensity scores were identical in both groups. OHS between attacks was significantly associated with odour-triggered migraine and an alteration of hedonic judgement.
Published: 2006
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5. Mélatonine, rythme veille-sommeil et sommeil

Author: J Brun, B. Claustrat, and G. Chazot
Subjects: Gynecology, Behavioral Neuroscience, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, business.industry, Cognitive Neuroscience, medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Resume La melatonine, hormone produite par la glande pineale, est secretee preferentiellement pendant la nuit avec un pic situe vers 3 h du matin. Ce rythme endogene est genere par les noyaux suprachiasmatiques et entraine par l’alternance jour/nuit. La lumiere artificielle dans des conditions precises d’administration supprime ou decale la secretion de melatonine. Le role de la melatonine est celui d’un synchroniseur endogene des rythmes circadiens, de temperature et de veille-sommeil en particulier. L’administration de melatonine est capable d’influencer le rythme endogene de cette hormone selon une courbe de reponse de phase. Cette donnee constitue la base physiologique du traitement des troubles du rythme circadien du sommeil (syndrome de franchissement rapide des fuseaux horaires, syndrome de retard de phase du sommeil, desynchronisation chez les aveugles, insomnie des sujets âges). L’interet therapeutique de la melatonine doit etre reevalue lors d’essais controles.
Published: 2005
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6. The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin

Author: G. Chazot, Jocelyne Brun, and Bruno Claustrat
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Photoperiod, Chronobiotic, Physiology, Biology, Melatonin, Pineal gland, Dark therapy, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Circadian rhythm, Wakefulness, Adaptation, Physiological, Bacterial circadian rhythms, Circadian Rhythm, Melatonergic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Neurology, Light effects on circadian rhythm, Chronic Disease, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Neurology (clinical), Sleep, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained to the light/dark cycle. Light is able to either suppress or synchronize melatonin production according to the light schedule. The nycthohemeral rhythm of this hormone can be determined by repeated measurement of plasma or saliva melatonin or urine sulfatoxymelatonin, the main hepatic metabolite. The primary physiological function of melatonin, whose secretion adjusts to night length, is to convey information concerning the daily cycle of light and darkness to body physiology. This information is used for the organisation of functions, which respond to changes in the photoperiod such as the seasonal rhythms. Seasonal rhythmicity of physiological functions in humans related to possible alteration of the melatonin message remains, however, of limited evidence in temperate areas in field conditions. Also, the daily melatonin secretion, which is a very robust biochemical signal of night, can be used for the organisation of circadian rhythms. Although functions of this hormone in humans are mainly based on correlative observations, there is some evidence that melatonin stabilises and strengthens coupling of circadian rhythms, especially of core temperature and sleep-wake rhythms. The circadian organisation of other physiological functions could depend on the melatonin signal, for instance immune, antioxidative defences, hemostasis and glucose regulation. Since the regulating system of melatonin secretion is complex, following central and autonomic pathways, there are many pathophysiological situations where the melatonin secretion can be disturbed. The resulting alteration could increase predisposition to disease, add to the severity of symptoms or modify the course and outcome of the disorder.
Published: 2005
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7. Melatonin Secretion is Supersensitive to Light in Migraine

Author: G. Chazot, Christophe Chiquet, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Jocelyne Brun, and Bruno Claustrat
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Photophobia, Migraine Disorders, Radioimmunoassay, Placebo, Melatonin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Circadian rhythm, Melatonin secretion, business.industry, Familial migraine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Endocrinology, Migraine, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: The present study examined the sensitivity to light of melatonin (MLT) secretion in familial migraine during a headache-free interval. Twelve female patients and 12 healthy controls were included in the trial. All subjects were studied twice. In each session, light exposure (300 lx) or placebo was randomly administered for 30 min between 00.30 and 01.00 h. Blood was sampled hourly between 20.00 and 24.00 h, and 02.00 and 04.00 h and every 15 min between 00.30 and 01.30 h. Plasma MLT levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. MLT suppression was more marked in the migraine group than in the control group [difference of area under curve (δAUC) = −53.8 ± 16.2 vs. 18.5 ± 12.7 pg/h/ml, P < 0.005; maximum of MLT suppression (δ) = −35.7 ± 10.2 vs.- 6.7 ± 5.8 pg/ml, P < 0.05]. These findings show a clear hypersensitivity to light in young female migraineurs during the headache-free period.
Published: 2004
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8. Annoncer le diagnostic de maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Author: C. de Laguerie, M.P. Réthy, P. Krolak-Salmon, C. Hervé, G. Chazot, N. Kopp, and F. Chapuis
Subjects: Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Health (social science), Health Policy, Philosophy, Humanities, Technological society
Abstract: Resume La maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (MCJ) est paradigmatique. La MCJ, en effet, de meme que d’autres Encephalopathies Subaigues Spongiformes Transmissibles humaines et animales, suscite depuis les annees 60 et tout particulierement depuis le debut des annees 90, des travaux revolutionnaires dans de nombreux secteurs de la biologie. La MCJ est une maladie au stade d’ « exception » et non encore au stade de « normalisation ». Son diagnostic est devenu de plus en plus efficace. Mais l’annonce de ce diagnostic demeure tres difficile : maladie particulierement dramatique et penible pour le malade et ses proches, enjeux scientifiques et de sante publique, implications mediatiques, judiciaires, voire politiques. La MCJ peut etre un « moteur ethique ». Elle conduit, dans le cadre de la prise en charge et notamment dans le cadre de l’annonce du diagnostic, a proposer une organisation, une coordination applicable a d’autres maladies subaigues et fatales, en particulier dans le domaine de la neurologie.
Published: 2004
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9. Prevalence and description of chronic daily headache in the general population in France

Author: Gérard Duru, A Pradalier, Patrick Henry, Abdelkader El Hasnaoui, Christian Lucas, Anne-Françoise Gaudin, G Chazot, Jean-Paul Auray, Jean-François Dartigues, Michel Lanteri-Minet, Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Headache Disorders, Migraine Disorders, Population, Prevalence, Neurological disorder, Severity of Illness Index, Interviews as Topic, Disability Evaluation, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, Quality of life, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, Pain Measurement, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Health Services, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Stratified sampling, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neurology, Migraine, Chronic Disease, Physical therapy, France, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation and consequences of chronic daily headache (CDH) in France. A representative nation-wide sample of the general population was identified using a stratified sampling method. Ten thousand five hundred and eight-five subjects were screened in face-to-face interviews, and data collected using a standard questionnaire. An overall point prevalence of CDH in the general population of 2.98% was observed. Two-thirds of these subjects presented migraine-like features. Severity, functional impact and healthcare consumption were higher than in subjects reporting episodic migraine in the same sample. Of the subjects, 28.2% reported the most severe migraine disability assessment scores (Grades 3 and 4), compared to 12% of episodic migraineurs. A qualité de vie et migraine score of 68.4 was observed, indicating severely attenuated quality of life. Only 6.6% of subjects were taking prophylactic treatment, whilst 88% were using non-specific acute headache treatments. The frequency of physician consultations and laboratory examinations was significantly higher than in individuals with episodic headache. CDH is thus a relatively prevalent condition in the general French population, associated with an important burden of suffering and with considerable expenditure in the health service. Management of this condition is generally inappropriate.
Published: 2003
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10. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease

Author: G. Chazot, Emmanuel Broussolle, Marc Guénot, Patrick Mertens, Stéphane Thobois, Hélène Mollion, Martine Bouvard, Marc Sindou, and Marc Hermier
Subjects: Levodopa, Parkinson's disease, business.industry, Stimulation, medicine.disease, Drooling, Pulmonary embolism, Central nervous system disease, Subthalamic nucleus, Neurology, Anesthesia, Stereotaxic technique, medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of chronic subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). 18 consecutive severely affected PD patients were included (mean age, SD: 56.9+/-6 years; mean disease duration: 13.5+/-4.4 years). All the patients were evaluated clinically before and 6 months after the surgical procedure using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Additionally, a 12 months follow-up was available in 14 patients. The target coordinates were determined by ventriculography under stereotactic conditions, followed by electrophysiology and intraoperative stimulation. After surgery, continuous monopolar stimulation was applied bilaterally in 17 patients at 2.9+/-0.4 V through 1 (n = 31) or 2 contacts (n = 3). One patient had bilateral bipolar stimulation. The mean frequency of stimulation was 140+/-16 Hz and pulse width 68+/-13 micros. Off medication, the UPDRS part III score (max = 108) was reduced by 55 % during on stimulation (score before surgery: 44.9+/-13.4 vs at 6 months: 20.2+/-10; p < 0.001). In the on medication state, no difference was noted between the preoperative and the postoperative off stimulation conditions (scores were respectively: 17.9+/-9.2 and 23+/-12.6). The severity of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias assessed by UPDRS IV was reduced by 76 % at 6 months (scores were respectively: 10.3+/-3 and 2.5+/-3; p < 0.001). Off medication, the UPDRS II or ADL score was reduced by 52.8 % during on stimulation (26.9+/-6.5 preop versus 12.7+/-7 at 6 months). The daily dose of antiparkinsonian treatment was diminished by 65.5 % (levodopa equivalent dose -- mg/D -- was 1045 +/- 435 before surgery and 360 +/- 377 at 6 months; p < 0.01). These results remained stable at 12 months for the 14 patients studied. Side effects comprised lower limb phlebitis (n = 2), pulmonary embolism (n = 1), depression (n = 6), dysarthria and freezing (n = 1), sialorrhea and drooling (n = 1), postural imbalance (n = 1), transient paresthesias and dyskinesias. This study confirms the great value of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in the treatment of intractable PD. Some adverse events such as depression may be taken into account in the inclusion criteria and also in the post-operative outcome.
Published: 2002
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11. Impact de la nature chimique du calcul sur la rigidité artérielle dans la lithiase urinaire

Author: G. Chazot, Laurent Juillard, N. Abid, L. Ene, Nans Florens, Sandrine Lemoine, and Laurence Dubourg
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, Urology, medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction Des travaux recents suggerent que les patients souffrant de lithiases calciques idiopathiques presentent des niveaux de rigidite arterielle plus eleves que des individus sains, apparies sur l’âge et le sexe. Le but de cette etude etait : (1) de comparer le niveau de rigidite arterielle des patients lithiasiques par rapport aux individus sains et (2) d’evaluer l’impact de la nature chimique du calcul sur le niveau de rigidite arterielle. Materiels et methodes Une etude de cohorte prospective, monocentrique a ete conduite entre septembre 2015 et novembre 2016. Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf patients ont ete inclus : 41 individus sains (donneurs vivants de rein) et 58 patients lithiasiques. La mesure de la vitesse de l’onde de pouls (VOP) a ete realisee pour chaque patient et les resultats ont ete compares entre les 2 groupes. Les calculs expulses ont ete analyses par spectrophotometrie et la nature chimique a ete recoltee. Resultats Les 2 groupes etaient comparables sauf pour la phosphoremie (0,89 mmol/L chez les lithiasiques, 1,02 mmol/L chez les individus sains, p = 0,005). Il n’y avait pas de difference de niveau de rigidite arterielle entre les 2 groupes ( p = 0,34). Parmi les patients lithiasiques, 26,8 % presentaient des calculs de weddellite, 10,7 % de carbapatite et 7,1 % de brushite. L’analyse en sous-groupe a montre que les patients presentant des calculs de brushite avaient des valeurs de VOP superieures a ceux presentant des calculs de weddellite (10,2 vs 7,2 m/sec respectivement, p = 0,04). Discussion Notre etude est la premiere evaluant le niveau de rigidite arterielle chez les patients souffrant de lithiases urinaires, en fonction du type de calcul. Nos resultats revelent un niveau de rigidite arterielle plus eleve chez les patients souffrant de calculs de brushite. Ces resultats suggerent que les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires de ces patients doivent etre correctement depistes chez ces patients. Conclusion Les patients souffrant de calculs de brushite, connus pour etre les plus severes en termes de lithogenese et de resistance au traitement, presentent des niveaux plus eleves de rigidite arterielle que les patients souffrant de calculs de weddellite, suggerant que l’exces de rigidite arterielle rapportee dans de recents travaux puisse etre dependant de la nature chimique du calcul.
Published: 2017
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12. Glial toxicity in urine and multiple sclerosis

Author: Marie-Hélène Charles, P Giraud, Hervé Perron, Bernard Mandrand, V Janin, F Micoud, E Broussolle, G Chazot, and Carine Malcus-Vocanson
Subjects: Adult, Male, 030213 general clinical medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Apoptosis, Urine, Cell Line, Central nervous system disease, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Bioassay, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Oligodendrocyte, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Immunoassay, Toxicity, Biological Assay, Female, Neurology (clinical), Nervous System Diseases, business, Neuroglia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The biochemical and biological characterization of a cytotoxic activity targeting macroglial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes), in moncyte cultures and in CSF of a patient with multiple sclerosis, has previously been described. In further studies, cell-based tests have shown a good correlation between this glial cytotoxic (gliotoxic) activity, in CSF or in urine, and MS. We now present results obtained with urine samples from 102 MS patients, 51 patients with other neurological disease and 35 healthy subjects using a bioassay set up for the detection of an apoptosis-like effect induced in a glial cell-line. Significant gliotoxicity was detected in urine from 74/102 MS patients while only 4/51 neurological controls (P40.001) and never in healthy subjects (P40.001). Given the statistical tendency provided by this bioassay and its technical limitations for routine testing, it is now used for monitoring the molecular characterization of this `gliotoxic factor'. Its replacement by a specific immunoassay could provide more accurate routine techniques for the detection of this biological marker in MS.
Published: 2001
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13. Clinical report of three patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and movement disorders

Author: Y. Morel, G. Demarquay, G. Chazot, C. Trepo, A. Setiey, and Emmanuel Broussolle
Subjects: Dystonia, Cerebral atrophy, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Movement disorders, business.industry, Neurological disorder, medicine.disease, Neurology, Hereditary hemochromatosis, medicine, Cerebellar atrophy, Neurology (clinical), Cervical dystonia, medicine.symptom, business, Myoclonus
Abstract: Neurologic manifestations are rarely described in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). We describe three patients with HH and movement disorders. Patient 1, a 69-year-old man, had a 13-year history of disabling cerebellar syndrome, action tremor and myoclonus, and secondary dementia. Patient 2 was a 40-year-old man with a 9-year history of cerebellar syndrome, head and arm tremor, and cervical dystonia. Patient 3, a 75-year-old woman, had a 5-year history of rapidly disabling parkinsonian syndrome unresponsive to levodopa. The diagnosis of HH was established in the three patients by iron tests, evidence of a C282Y mutation, and, in two patients, by liver biopsy. High-field T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense signals in hemispheric white matter in patient 1, cerebellar atrophy in patient 2, and cerebellar and cerebral atrophy in patient 3 and no significant hypointense signals in the three patients. Phlebotomies and symptomatic treatments did not change the course of the disease. Our cases are compared with the five previously reported observations of HH with movement disorders. This rare association is one cause of the chronic acquired non-Wilsonian hepatocerebral degeneration syndromes and represents a separate entity from aceruloplasminemia. The pathophysiologic mechanism of movement disorders in HH is unresolved. No hepatic insufficiency and portosystemic encephalopathy is evidenced in our cases, whereas the putative role of abnormal iron load remains to be ascertained. HH should be investigated more systematically in patients with movement disorders.
Published: 2000
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14. The Physiology and Pharmacology of Melatonin in Humans

Author: Jocelyne Brun, G. Chazot, Martine Geoffriau, and Bruno Claustrat
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Light, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Circadian clock, Administration, Oral, Receptors, Cell Surface, Endogeny, Pharmacology, Biology, Melatonin, Pineal gland, Endocrinology, Dark therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Zeitgeber, Humans, Chronobiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Circadian Rhythm, medicine.anatomical_structure, Light effects on circadian rhythm, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Sleep, Biomarkers, Adenylyl Cyclases, medicine.drug
Abstract: Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole secreted principally by the pineal gland. It is synthesized at night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained by the light/dark cycle. Light is able to both suppress or entrain MLT production on light schedule. The nyctohemeral rhythm of this hormone can be determined by repeated measurement of plasma or saliva MLT or urine sulfatoxy-MLT, the main hepatic metabolite. MLT can be considered as the output (the hand) of the endogenous clock. Since the regulating system follows a central and sympathetic nervous pathway, an abnormality at any level could unspecifically modify the MLT secretion, especially in patients with sympathalgia or dysautonomia. MLT plays the role of an endogenous zeitgeber on core temperature or sleep-wake cycle. Exogenous MLT is able to influence the endogenous secretion of the hormone according to a phase-response curve. There are practical implications for this property in situations when biological rhythms are disturbed (jet-lag syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, insomnia in blind people, shift-work, insomnia in elderly people). Improvement of pharmaceutical forms (controlled release preparations) or development of MLT analogs could lead to decisive progress.
Published: 1998
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15. Nocturnal Plasma Melatonin Profile and Melatonin Kinetics During Infusion in Status Migrainosus

Author: C. Mallo, R. Zaidan, M Geoffriau, Bruno Claustrat, G. Chazot, and Jocelyne Brun
Subjects: Adult, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine Disorders, Endogeny, Nocturnal, Melatonin, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Infusions, Intravenous, business.industry, Case-control study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Status migrainosus, Endocrinology, Migraine, Case-Control Studies, Female, Neurology (clinical), Secretory Rate, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: The plasma melatonin profile was significantly disturbed (phase-shift of the maximum melatonin level) in four out of six female sufferers from status migrainosus, compared with nine healthy controls. The number of secretion peaks was similar in both groups. A nocturnal 20 μg melatonin infusion (from 21.00 to 01.00 h) evoked plasma melatonin levels slightly higher than a physiological secretion peak. During infusion, the episodes of secretion were reinforced and the endogenous plasma profile was phase-advanced in two patients displaying a phase-delay. These data suggest impaired pineal function in migraine. In the absence of side effects of melatonin infusion, the relief of certain migraine symptoms described by our patients might support a controlled trial of melatonin in migraine.
Published: 1997
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16. Serum copper, zinc and selenium levels in Tunisian patients with Parkinson's disease

Author: S, Younes-Mhenni, M, Aissi, N, Mokni, A, Boughammoura-Bouatay, S, Chebel, M, Frih-Ayed, A, Kerkeni, M, Bost, G, Chazot, M T, Sfar, and M H, Sfar
Subjects: Male, Selenium, Zinc, Tunisia, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Copper, Aged
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of this disease is still not fully clear, but free radicals have been proposed to cause neuronal injury. Metals play a key role in the intracellular oxidative balance. However their implication in the degeneration process remains unknown.To assess Cu, Zn and Se concentrations in serum of a group of PD patients in order to determinate, in comparison with age-matched controls, whether alteration in their levels could be involved in PD.A serum level of 3 trace elements (Cu, Zn and Se) was investigated in 48 patients with PD and 36 matched controls using plasma atomic absorption spectrometry. We compared these parameters in PD patients with controls, and we also compared the variations within the PD group according to age, illness duration, stage of the disease and levodopa intake.Patients with PD had significantly lower Cu levels compared to controls. The mean Zn and Se levels in PD patients did not differ significantly from those of controls. Levodopa therapy, age, stage, and illness duration did not significantly influence the measured parameters.These results suggest that a disturbance of the plasmatic rate of Cu could be a marker of PD or at least, a risk factor for the development of this disease. Although zinc participates to the reduction of oxidative stress and the antioxidant role of the selenium, their implication in the onset of PD is not clearly established. Perspectives for the future could include antioxidant therapy. For this reason, other prospective studies should be conducted on this subject to elucidate the implication of trace elements in PD.
Published: 2013

17. Brain Responses to Detection of Right or Left Somatic Targets are Symmetrical in Unilateral Parkinson's Disease: A Case Against the Concept of ‘Parkinsonian Neglect’

Author: G. Chazot, François Mauguière, M.F. Gravejat, Luis Garcia-Larrea, and E. Brousolle
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parkinson's disease, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Sensory system, Stimulation, Stimulus (physiology), Functional Laterality, Neglect, Age Distribution, Hypokinesia, Dopamine, Basal ganglia, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Aged, media_common, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract: Signs of attentional dysfunction mimicking spatial neglect have been described both in humans with lateralised Parkinson's Disease (PD) and in animals with MPTP-related hemiparkinsonism. Such deficits have been attributed to dopamine loss in basal ganglia and cortical targets. However, in previous studies the existence of neglect was assumed from behavioural tests which needed a motor output, thus entailing interpretation ambiguities due to effects of directional hypokinesia. We recorded brain event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by the presentation of target somatic stimuli to the affected and non-affected sides in 44 patients with unilateral or asymmetrical PD. The N2 and P3 ERP components were specifically analysed, since (a) they are triggered selectively by task-relevant, attended sensory stimuli; (b) their latency reflects stimulus evaluation time, independently from the execution of a motor response, and (c) they have proved to be abnormal in hemineglect syndromes due to focal brain lesions. Irrespective of the side (left or right) of motor symptom predominance there were no significant ERP differences to stimulation of the affected and non-affected limbs, nor was there any correlation between ERP latencies and the degree of dopamine-related motor impairment. The P3 latency was abnormally delayed in 23% of the patients, but there was no trend for abnormalities to concentrate on the affected side. This study does not confirm the existence of a significant attentional impairment toward the affected limb in lateralised PD, and suggests that previous clinical evidence of "neglect' behaviour in PD might be linked to directional hypokinesia, thus reflecting intentional, rather than attentional lateralised deficits.
Published: 1996
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18. Anévrysme de la carotide interne intra-caverneuse compliquant une sinusite sphénoïdale

Author: Emmanuel Broussolle, G. Chazot, P. Bret, Stéphane Thobois, F. Turjman, F. Philippeau, and D. Hernette
Subjects: Aneurysm, Neurology, business.industry, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Sphenoid Sinusitis, Mycotic aneurysm, medicine.disease, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: Resume Introduction Les anevrysmes mycotiques ou post-infectieux de la carotide interne intra-caverneuse sont une pathologie rare. Cas clinique Nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient ayant presente, trois semaines apres une extraction dentaire, une ophtalmoplegie gauche d’installation progressive, ainsi que des cephalees a type d’hemicrânie gauche, dans un contexte febrile. Les differents examens neuroradiologiques et microbiologiques ont permis de diagnostiquer une infection des sinus sphenoidaux et ethmoidaux avec une extension du processus infectieux au sinus caverneux gauche. Il existait egalement un anevrysme de la carotide interne gauche dans sa portion intra-caverneuse. Conclusions Le risque de rupture de ce type d’anevrysme est difficile a evaluer. Le traitement consiste toujours en une antibiotherapie adaptee et prolongee, avec parfois en addition un traitement neurochirurgicale ou endovasculaire de l’anevrysme. Pour ce patient, nous avons un suivi de quatre ans sans intervention, montrant la stabilite du diametre de l’anevrysme.
Published: 2004
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19. Nocturnal Melatonin Excretion is Decreased in Patients With Migraine Without Aura Attacks Associated With Menses

Author: G. Chazot, P Saddier, Bruno Claustrat, and Jocelyne Brun
Subjects: Adult, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Luteal phase, Excretion, Melatonin, Pineal gland, Reference Values, Internal medicine, Follicular phase, Humans, Medicine, Circadian rhythm, Menstrual cycle, media_common, business.industry, General Medicine, Darkness, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Menstruation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Migraine, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract: Nocturnal melatonin excretion was studied throughout a complete menstrual cycle in 10 women with migraine without aura attacks associated with menses and 9 women controls. Urine melatonin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean nocturnal melatonin excretion throughout the cycle was significantly lower in the migraine patients than in controls. In the control group, melatonin excretion increased significantly from the follicular to the luteal phase, whereas no difference was observed in the migraine group. Results are discussed in view of the role of the pineal gland in the organization of biological rhythms and homeostasis in relation to environmental conditions.
Published: 1995
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20. Comparison of Subcutaneous Sumatriptan with Usual Acute Treatments for Migraine

Author: G. Chazot, H. d’Allens, J. Emile, L. Bertin, and F. Boureau
Subjects: Acute migraine, Vascular disease, business.industry, Comparative trial, medicine.disease, Central nervous system disease, Sumatriptan, Neurology, Migraine, Anesthesia, cardiovascular system, medicine, 5-HT1 receptor, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug, Serotonin Agonist
Abstract: 246 migraine patients (International Headache Society definition, 1-6 severe attacks per month) were randomised into a multicentre, cross-over study comparing subcutaneous (s.c.) sumatriptan 6 mg admi
Published: 1995
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21. La neuropathie héréditaire sensitivomotrice de Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Author: J.L Besse, Pierre-Marie Gonnaud, G. Chazot, Franck Sturtz, and Antoon Vandenberghe
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Disease, medicine.disease, Muscle hypertrophy, Chromosome 17 (human), Central nervous system disease, Degenerative disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Abnormality, business, Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, Pathological
Abstract: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy) sometimes begins during childhood and can lead to learning and/or orthopedic disabilities. Due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of the disease, the diagnosis is based on a familial study of clinical, electromyographic and pathological abnormalities. Two major types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease have been described. Type 1 is characterized by a decrease in nerve conduction velocities and by a peripheral nerve hypertrophy due to myelinic alterations, while type 2 is the consequence of axonal alterations. Although type 1 and type 2 patients share similar clinical symptoms, type 2 patients have normal nerve conduction velocities and histological signs of axonal damage. Several genes involved in this disease have been recently located, and, in certain cases, an individual and direct diagnosis is available if the familial abnormality is related to chromosome 17.
Published: 1995
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22. Melatonin in humans: a biochemical marker of the circadian clock and an endogenous synchronizer

Author: G. Chazot, J Brun, M Geoffriau, and B. Claustrat
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Circadian clock, Biology, Pineal Gland, Melatonin, Pineal gland, Dark therapy, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Zeitgeber, medicine, Humans, Circadian rhythm, Cortical Synchronization, Phase response curve, General Medicine, Circadian Rhythm, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Light effects on circadian rhythm, Neurology (clinical), Sleep, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract: Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole secreted principally by the pineal gland. It is synthesized at night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and activated by the light/dark cycle. Light is able to both suppress or activate melatonin production on the light schedule. The nycthohemeral rhythm of this hormone can be determined by repeated measurements of plasma or saliva MLT or urine sulfatoxy-MLT, the main hepatic metabolite. Melatonin can be considered as the output (the hand) of the endogenous clock. Since the regulating system follows a central and sympathetic nervous pathway, an abnormality at any level could unspecifically modify the MLT secretion, especially in patients with sympathalgia or dysautonomia. Melatonin plays the role of an endogenous zeitgeber on core temperature or sleep-wake cycle. Exogenous MLT is able to influence the endogenous secretion of the hormone according to a phase response curve. There are practical implications for this property in situations when biological rhythms are disturbed (jet-lag syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, insomnia in blind people, shift-work, insomnia in elderly people). Improvement of pharmaceutical forms (controlled release preparations) or development of MLT analogs could lead to decisive progress.
Published: 1995
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23. Progressive Deafness Preceding a Basilar Artery Thrombosis

Author: C. Fischer, E. Broussolle, J. Jung, F. Philippeau, G. Chazot, and E. Truy
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Basilar artery thrombosis, Deafness, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic resonance angiography, Progressive deafness, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Intracranial Thrombosis, Neurology, Internal medicine, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Published: 2003
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24. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. 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Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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25. Melatonin Is Able to Influence Its Secretion in Humans: Description of a Phase-Response Curve

Author: Jocelyne Brun, G. Chazot, Martine Geoffriau, Jacques Taillard, Bruno Claustrat, R. Zaidan, and Catherine Bureau
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endogeny, Melatonin, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Healthy volunteers, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Circadian rhythm, Phase response curve, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Circadian Rhythm, Analysis of variance, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: A single physiological dose of melatonin (20 micrograms for 3 h given intravenously at different times of the day (04.00-12.00, 16.00 and 20.00 h) was able to shift the endogenous plasma melatonin profile of healthy volunteers under entrained conditions according to a phase-response curve (PRC). ANOVA showed an effect of the time of administration on the onset, the acrophase or the offset of the melatonin profiles. These profiles were significantly delayed when the infusion was administered at 12.00 h and advanced when the infusion was given at 20.00 h. Further, the AUCs evaluated on the nocturnal melatonin profiles were increased after the 04.00 h infusion (+20.5%, p < 0.05), whereas they were decreased after the 12.00 h infusion (-20%, p < 0.05). Lastly, no alteration was observed for cortisol rhythm, whatever the time of melatonin administration. These results, which show that according to a PRC the system regulating melatonin secretion is sensitive to a single short-term administration of the hormone given at a low dose, support the paradigm of the endogenous synchronizer melatonin.
Published: 1994
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26. Contents, Vol. 65, 1994

Author: R. Tupler, N.G. Laing, H.J. Eyre, M.A. Garrido-Ramos, N.A. Mazurok, S.J. Goss, D. Francis, A. Vandenberghe, S.M. Zakian, L. Kedes, E. Le Guern, M. Gugenheim, C. Bonnebouche, S.A. Lane, P.F.R. Little, M. Cortinovis, C. Meredith, D.A. Miller, E.I. Yantsen, D.F. Callen, E.Kh. Ginsburg, C.H. van Os, G. Melmer, R. Gouider, L. Tiepolo, F. Sturtz, M. Lafage-Pochitaloff, A. Plet, Y. Agid, R. Lozano, B. Chérif-Zahar, Angela Maria Vianna-Morgante, C. Ruiz Rejón, P. Bouche, M Janson, E. Dainotti, I. Siedlaczck, N.M. Matveeva, J.-M. Blanchard, D.O. Weghuis, A. Mincheva, N. Ravisé, J.T. Epplen, David W. Hale, O.J. Miller, T.M. Fink, M. Jamilena, I. Salvignol, A. Brice, A. Geurts van Kessel, P. Maraschio, P.M.T. Deen, B. Wieringa, G. Chazot, S. Tardieu, L.L. Deaven, P. Calvas, I. Todorov, T.B. Nesterova, J. Imbert, C. Cerdan, Q.-Q. Cai, Anne Lise Børresen, Peter Lichter, J.A.M. Graves, P.-M. Gonnaud, D. Depétris, R.A. Sturm, J.L. Cassady, S.D. Wilton, M. Ruiz Rejón, P.A. Akkari, A. Blancher, O. Riess, M.-G. Mattéi, Carla Rosenberg, A.G. Shilov, D.I. Francis, M. Nordeskjöld, D. Werner, and S. Kredtke
Subjects: Botany, Genetics, Zoology, Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Published: 1994
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27. Relief of akinesia by apomorphine and cerebral metabolic changes in parkinson's disease

Author: G. Galy, Emmanuel Broussolle, Pierre Pollak, P. Landais, G Chazot, D Le Bars, François Mauguière, Y Khalfallah, F. Lavenne, and Luc Cinotti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, business.industry, Dopaminergic, Stimulation, Striatum, medicine.disease, Apomorphine, Central nervous system disease, Endocrinology, Neurology, Dopamine receptor, Internal medicine, medicine, Premovement neuronal activity, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose was measured in 14 Parkinson's disease patients with severe on-off fluctuations. Two positron emission tomography (PET) scans with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose were performed, one after a challenge of subcutaneous apomorphine at a dose able to relieve akinesia within 15 min and the other with the vehicle. Apomorphine reduced glucose utilization by 4-6% in the lenticular nuclei and the occipital cortex and by 6-9% in the thalamic nuclei, but this effect was not statistically significant. Thus, central stimulation of dopamine receptors by apomorphine in advanced Parkinson's disease is not associated with cerebral methabolic changes as assessed by PET. Despite a dramatic improvement of the motor state, the global neuronal activity in the striatum and its downstream projections remains stable, suggesting an equilibrium between excitatory and inhibitory dopaminergic activities.
Published: 1993
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28. Progressive anarthria with secondary parkinsonism: a clinico-pathological case report

Author: François Mauguière, Emmanuel Broussolle, M Tommasi, and G. Chazot
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Substantia nigra, Neuropathology, Neuropsychological Tests, Lesion, Oxygen Consumption, Neuroimaging, Aphonia, Aphasia, medicine, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Secondary, Dominance, Cerebral, Pathological, Anarthria, Neurologic Examination, biology, Dysarthria, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, Psychiatry and Mental health, nervous system, Cerebral blood flow, Regional Blood Flow, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Psychology, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Research Article
Abstract: The pathological process and lesion topography in patients with the syndrome of progressive aphasia are heterogeneous and few necropsy examination cases have been investigated. This is a case report of a 53 year old right handed man with progressive anarthria and secondary Parkinsonism over a period of six years. Positron emission tomography (PET) showed a decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the frontal cortex, which was more pronounced on the left. Neuropathology disclosed a spongiform vacuolation in layer II of the frontal cortex, mostly in the Broca area, and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. This original case reinforces the view that there are different entities of the syndrome of progressive aphasia which can be identified on the basis of clinical, neuroimaging and anatomical data.
Published: 1992
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29. Polyradiculonévrite chez un porteur chronique du virus B avec replication dans le LCR. échanges plasmatiques au long cours

Author: D. Robert, G. Chazot, G. Jean, P. Gaussorgues, and P. Chossegros
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business, Molecular biology
Abstract: Resume Les auteurs decrivent le cas d'un patient de 28 ans, opere deux ans plus tot d'un pinealome. Il est porteur chronique du virus B (HBV) avec une hepatite lobulaire. Les Ag HBs, Ag HBe, Ac HBc et une importante replication virale sont retrouves dans le sang et le liquide cephalo-rachidien (LCR). La polyradiculonevrite (PRN), associe une tetraplegie, une atteinte des nerfs crâniens, et necessite une ventilation mecanique (VM) prolongee. Elle guerit a la suite de 64 echanges plasmatiques (EP) effectues en 14 mois. Un traitement antiviral comportant une breve corticotherapie, de l'interferon alfa au long cours, et plusieurs cures de vidarabine en alternance avec de l'acyclovir, reussit temporairement a inhiber la replication virale qui persistera apres la guerison neurologique. Cette observation est originale par la rarete de l'association PRN-HBV, la dependance de la neuropathie aux EP et la replication virale dans le LCR.
Published: 1992
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30. Progressive chorea and amyotrophy without acanthocytes: a new case of Fotopoulos syndrome?

Author: C. Vial, C. Remy, G. Chazot, N. Pageot, and Emmanuel Broussolle
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Amyotrophy, medicine.disease, business, Dermatology, Progressive chorea, Neuroradiology
Published: 2000
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31. [Neurobiology of lithium]

Author: G, Chazot, I V, Gogoleva, O A, Gromova, N M, Ullubiev, and A A, Nikonov
Subjects: Neurons, Antimanic Agents, Neurogenesis, Lithium Compounds, Humans, Proteins, Apoptosis, Antidepressive Agents, Brain Ischemia
Abstract: In addition to well-documented mood-stabilizing effects, lithium can be used in the treatment of acute brain injuries (ischemia) and chronic (neurodegenerative) diseases. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the long-term treatment with lithium up-regulates cell survival molecules (Bcl-2, cAMP-responsive element binding protein, GRP 78, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Hsp70) and down-regulates pro-apoptotic activities (e.g., excitotoxicity, p53, Bax, caspase, cytochrome C release, beta-amyloid peptide production and tau hyperphosphorylation) thus preventing or even reversing the neuronal cell death and neurogenesis retardation.
Published: 2009

32. CMAS 3D, a new program to visualize and project major elements compositions in the CMAS system

Author: L. France, N. Ouillon, G. Chazot, J. Kornprobst, P. Boivin, Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Interface (Java), [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Computer software, Projection, cao-mgo-al2o3-sio2 liquids, Computers in Earth Sciences, mafic lithologies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data processing, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], business.industry, International-mineralogical-association, Microsoft excel, granulite xenoliths, CMAS system, Chemical data, Visualization, Chemical evolution, Software engineering, business, Geology, Information Systems, Three dimensional model, 3D
Abstract: International audience; CMAS 3D, developed in MATLAB (R), is a program to support visualization of major element chemical data in three dimensions. Such projections are used to discuss correlations, metamorphic reactions and the chemical evolution of rocks, melts or minerals. It can also project data into 2D plots. The CMAS 3D interface makes it easy to use, and does not require any knowledge of Matlab (R) programming. CMAS 3D uses data compiled in a Microsoft Excel (TM) spreadsheet. Although useful for scientific research, the program is also a powerful tool for teaching.
Published: 2009
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33. Direct radioimmunoassay of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in plasma with use of an iodinated tracer

Author: G. Chazot, Bruno Claustrat, Catherine Harthe, and Jocelyne Brun
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Metabolite, Clinical Biochemistry, Radioimmunoassay, Pineal Gland, Iodine Radioisotopes, Melatonin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, Blood plasma, medicine, Humans, Bovine serum albumin, Chromatography, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry (medical), Endocrinology, Immunoassay, biology.protein, Drug metabolism, medicine.drug
Abstract: We describe here a direct a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in plasma, with iodinated aMT6s as tracer. The aMT6s antiserum was raised in rabbit by immunization with a bovine serum albumin conjugate, giving negligible cross-reactivities for related compounds. The low limit of detection (15 pmol/L) allowed a direct assay that required only a 100-microL plasma sample. Dilutions of plasma and of synthetic aMT6s gave the same parallel response in the RIA. A preliminary study showed a circadian variation in healthy volunteers, with mean concentrations ranging from 52 (at 1600-2100 h) to 378 pmol/L (at 0400 h), whereas this rhythm was abolished in pinealomectomized patients. After administration of melatonin orally, or by infusion, the aMT6s concentrations in plasma concorded with previous data on aMT6s production and pharmacokinetics, with aMT6s being cleared from plasma more slowly than melatonin. This assay should have practical application in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations that minimize the hepatic metabolism of melatonin.
Published: 1991
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34. [Conclusions and recommendations of a WHO expert consultation meeting on iron supplementation for infants and young children in malaria endemic areas]

Author: L, Allen, R E, Black, N, Brandes, G, Brittenham, G, Chazot, C, Chunming, J, Crawley, B, de Benoist, N, Dalmiya, I, Darnton-Hill, K, Dewey, S, El-Arifeen, O, Fontaine, C, Geissler, H, Haberle, P, Harvey, J, Hasler, C, Hershko, R, Hurrell, M A, Juma, B, Lönnerdal, B, Lozoff, S, Lynch, H, Martines Salgado, E, McLean, J, Metz, S, Oppenheimer, Z, Premji, A, Prentice, M, Ramsan, C, Ratledge, R, Stoltzfus, J, Tielsch, and P, Winachagoon
Subjects: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Endemic Diseases, Iron, Dietary Supplements, Humans, Infant, Child, World Health Organization, Article, Malaria
Abstract: Cet article présentent les résultats d'une Consultation d'Experts dont l'objectif était d'évaluer l'efficacité et l'innocuité des suppléments de fer administrés aux nourrissons et aux jeunes enfants dans les zones d’endémie palustre, ainsi que les conséquences d’une telle mesure pour la santé publique. Les participants à cette Consultation, qui s’est déroulée à Lyon (France) les 12–14 juin 2006, se sont entendus sur plusieurs questions importantes concernant l’administration d’une supplémentation martiale aux nourrissons et aux jeunes enfants dans les zones d’endémie palustre. Les conclusions du présent rapport s’appliquent plus particulièrement aux pays où le paludisme est endémique.
Published: 2008

35. Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in man after intravenous infusion and bolus injection

Author: G. Chazot, G. Galy, Jocelyne Brun, C. Mallo, E. Vermeulen, R. Zaidan, and Bruno Claustrat
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Pinealectomy, Stimulation, Pharmacology, Pineal Gland, Melatonin, Bolus (medicine), Pharmacokinetics, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Infusions, Intravenous, Volunteer, Volume of distribution, business.industry, General Medicine, Endocrinology, Injections, Intravenous, business, Half-Life, Hormone, medicine.drug
Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of melatonin during the day-time has been studied in 4 healthy subjects after a bolus i.v. injection of 5 or 10 micrograms/person and after a 5 h infusion of 20 micrograms per person in 6 healthy subjects. In addition, a pinealomectomized patient whose nocturnal plasma melatonin had been abolished was investigated after the i.v. infusion--once during the night and once during the day. The clearance of melatonin from blood showed a biexponential decay. The pharmacokinetic parameters in the two studies were similar, except for the disappearance rate constant beta and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss). Supplementary peaks or troughs were superimposed on the plateau and the falling part of the profile. They were not due to stimulation of endogenous secretion, because they were also seen in the pinealomectomized patient. During the melatonin infusion, the plasma hormone level reached a steady-state after 60 and 120 min, and when it was equal to the nocturnal level. The infusion regime may be valuable in replacing blunted hormonal secretion in disease states.
Published: 1990
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36. Melatonin in humans, neuroendocrinological and pharmacological aspects

Author: Jocelyne Brun, Bruno Claustrat, and G. Chazot
Subjects: Light, business.industry, Mental Disorders, Headache, General Medicine, Pharmacology, Pineal Gland, Circadian Rhythm, Melatonin, Animals, Humans, Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published: 1990
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37. [Intra-cavernous aneurysm of the internal carotid artery complicating sphenoid sinusitis]

Author: F, Philippeau, D, Hernette, S, Thobois, F, Turjman, P, Bret, E, Broussolle, and G, Chazot
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Sphenoid Sinusitis, Humans, Cavernous Sinus, Intracranial Aneurysm, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cerebral Angiography
Abstract: Mycotic or post-infectious aneurysm of the intra-cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery is uncommon.We report here the case of a patient who developed progressive left ophthalmoplegia, with left hemi-crania three weeks after a tooth extraction. The patient was febrile. Neuroradiological and microbiological analysis led to the diagnosis of sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinus infection with extension to the left cavernous sinus. An aneurysm of the intra-cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery was also found.The risk of rupture for this kind of aneurysm is difficult to assess. Treatment always consists in prolonged and adapted antibiotic therapy. For certain patients neurosurgical or endovascular repair is necessary. We followed our patient for four Years without surgical intervention. The diameter of the aneurysm has remained stable.
Published: 2004

38. Chromaticity measurements in the ESRF booster

Author: A. Ropert, G. Chazot, J.L. Revol, J.M. Koch, E. Plouviez, and Yannis Papaphilippou
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Booster (electric power), business.industry, Electronic engineering, Radio frequency, Chromaticity, Betatron, business, Linear particle accelerator
Abstract: In view of optimizing the performance of the ESRF Booster, a series of experiments have been conducted in order to measure the chromaticity during the cycle for different sextupole settings. To this end, the betatron tunes were measured for different values of the RF frequency using the new tune-meter application. The experimental results were finally analyzed and compared to theoretical data of the Booster model, showing good agreement.
Published: 2004
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39. Use and misuse of triptans in France: data from the GRIM2000 population survey

Author: Jean-Paul Auray, Christian Lucas, G Chazot, Jean-François Dartigues, Anne-Françoise Gaudin, Gérard Duru, Michel Lanteri-Minet, A Pradalier, A El Hasnaoui, Patrick Henry, Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Nausea, Headache Disorders, Migraine Disorders, Population, Triptans, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical prescription, Psychiatry, education, education.field_of_study, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Sumatriptan, Incidence (epidemiology), General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Migraine, Female, Neurology (clinical), France, medicine.symptom, Headaches, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; The extent and nature of triptan use for headache relief has been evaluated in a large epidemiological survey in the French general population. Over 25 000 individuals were screened for headache and for triptan use. Of this sample, 290 triptan users were identified from whom extensive data on headache characteristics and healthcare resource consumption were obtained. The use of triptans is relatively infrequent, 0.2% in the general population, with only 7.5% of migraine sufferers using these drugs. The majority of triptan users were female (80%) and presented headache characteristics typical of migraine (80%). The remaining 20% of subjects were thus using triptans for headache types in which the utility of these drugs has not been demonstrated. Among migraineurs, triptan consumers reported more frequent and severe headaches than non-consumers, and reported a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting. The principal determinant of triptan prescription was consultation with a general practitioner (GP), which may itself have been triggered by the severity of the headaches. GPs, rather than specialists, are the primary prescribers of triptans in France.
Published: 2004
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40. Melatonin: from the hormone to the drug?

Author: B, Claustrat, J, Brun, M, Geoffriau, and G, Chazot
Abstract: Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole secreted principally by the pineal gland. It is synthesized at night under normal environmental conditions. The endogenous rhythm of secretion is generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and entrained by the light/dark cycle. Light is able to both suppress or synchronize melatonin production according to the light schedule. The nycthohemeral rhythm of this hormone is determined by repeated measurement of plasma of saliva MLT or urine sulfatoxymelatonin, the main hepatic metabolite. Melatonin can be considered as the output (the hand) of the endogenous clock. Since the regulating system follows central and sympathetic nervous pathways, an abnormality at any level unspecifically modifies the melatonin secretion, especially in patients with sympathalgia or dysautonomia. Melatonin plays the role of an endogenous zeitgeber on sleep-wake cycle or core temperature. Exogenous melatonin is able to influence the endogenous secretion of the hormone according to a phase response curve. There are therapeutic implications for this property in situations when biological rhythms are disturbed (jet-lag syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome, insomnia in blind or elderly people, shift-work). Improvement of pharmaceutical forms studied in controlled trials under the responsibility of the medical community or development of melatonin analogs could lead to decisive progress in this field.
Published: 2003

41. [Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (Melas) associated with a Fahr disease and cerebellar calcifications]

Author: S, Younes-Mhenni, S, Thobois, N, Streichenberger, P, Giraud, B, Mousson-de-Camaret, M E, Montelescaut, E, Broussolle, and G, Chazot
Subjects: Adult, Brain Diseases, Cerebellum, MELAS Syndrome, Calcinosis, Humans, Female
Abstract: Melas syndrome is a mitochondrial disease which corresponds to the association of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like espisodes.The authors report the case of a 39 year-old woman presenting with hearing loss, seizures, visual field deficit, three stroke-like episodes and calcifications of the basal ganglia and cerebellar dentate nuclei. Melas syndrome was suspected and confirmed by muscle biopsy, showing ragged red fibers and the presence of an A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA.This clinical, pathological and radiological observation shows that intracerebral calcifications may involve the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum in the Melas syndrome.
Published: 2002

42. The timing of antiparkinsonian treatment reduction after subthalamic nucleus stimulation

Author: S. Corvaisier, Stéphane Thobois, F. Rochefort, C. Di Guardo, Hélène Mollion, Emmanuel Broussolle, Marc Guénot, Patrick Mertens, G. Chazot, and Marc Sindou
Subjects: Male, Levodopa, Parkinson's disease, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Drug Administration Schedule, Antiparkinson Agents, Subthalamic Nucleus, medicine, Humans, Entacapone, Aged, Neurologic Examination, Postoperative Care, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Selegiline, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Bromocriptine, nervous system diseases, Electrodes, Implanted, Subthalamic nucleus, Ropinirole, Neurology, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, medicine.drug, Lisuride, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The objective of this work was to precisely analyse the reduction of the antiparkinsonian treatment in 18 consecutive patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) operated on for bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation, first after 1 month of follow-up, then at 1 year postoperatively. Trihexyphenidyle, selegiline, entacapone, apomorphine and lisuride could be withdrawn shortly after starting STN electrical stimulation. The levodopa mean daily dose was reduced by 57% at 1 month after surgery and remained stable at 1 year. The mean ropinirole and bromocriptine daily dose decrements after surgery corresponded to 54 and 63%, respectively, at 1 month and to 77 and 40% at 1 year. At 12 months postoperatively, one third of the patients no longer received any antiparkinsonian drugs and the others were on monotherapy of either levodopa or dopamine agonists or received a combined treatment of a dopaminergic agonist and levodopa. In conclusion, STN stimulation allows a major reduction and simplification of antiparkinsonian treatment which can usually be achieved during the early postoperative period.
Published: 2002

43. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease: clinical evaluation of 18 patients

Author: S, Thobois, P, Mertens, M, Guenot, M, Hermier, H, Mollion, M, Bouvard, G, Chazot, E, Broussolle, and M, Sindou
Subjects: Adult, Antiparkinson Agents, Male, Stereotaxic Techniques, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Subthalamic Nucleus, Humans, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Aged
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of chronic subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). 18 consecutive severely affected PD patients were included (mean age, SD: 56.9+/-6 years; mean disease duration: 13.5+/-4.4 years). All the patients were evaluated clinically before and 6 months after the surgical procedure using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Additionally, a 12 months follow-up was available in 14 patients. The target coordinates were determined by ventriculography under stereotactic conditions, followed by electrophysiology and intraoperative stimulation. After surgery, continuous monopolar stimulation was applied bilaterally in 17 patients at 2.9+/-0.4 V through 1 (n = 31) or 2 contacts (n = 3). One patient had bilateral bipolar stimulation. The mean frequency of stimulation was 140+/-16 Hz and pulse width 68+/-13 micros. Off medication, the UPDRS part III score (max = 108) was reduced by 55 % during on stimulation (score before surgery: 44.9+/-13.4 vs at 6 months: 20.2+/-10; p0.001). In the on medication state, no difference was noted between the preoperative and the postoperative off stimulation conditions (scores were respectively: 17.9+/-9.2 and 23+/-12.6). The severity of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias assessed by UPDRS IV was reduced by 76 % at 6 months (scores were respectively: 10.3+/-3 and 2.5+/-3; p0.001). Off medication, the UPDRS II or ADL score was reduced by 52.8 % during on stimulation (26.9+/-6.5 preop versus 12.7+/-7 at 6 months). The daily dose of antiparkinsonian treatment was diminished by 65.5 % (levodopa equivalent dose -- mg/D -- was 1045 +/- 435 before surgery and 360 +/- 377 at 6 months; p0.01). These results remained stable at 12 months for the 14 patients studied. Side effects comprised lower limb phlebitis (n = 2), pulmonary embolism (n = 1), depression (n = 6), dysarthria and freezing (n = 1), sialorrhea and drooling (n = 1), postural imbalance (n = 1), transient paresthesias and dyskinesias. This study confirms the great value of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in the treatment of intractable PD. Some adverse events such as depression may be taken into account in the inclusion criteria and also in the post-operative outcome.
Published: 2002

44. PNP7 THE MIGRAINE IN FRANCE IN 2000

Author: Jean-François Dartigues, G Chazot, Gérard Duru, Jean-Paul Auray, A Pradalier, Christian Lucas, A El Hasnaoui, Patrick Henry, Michel Lanteri-Minet, and Anne-Françoise Gaudin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Psychiatry
Published: 2002
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45. PNP1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MIGRAINE IN FRANCE IN 2000

Author: Gérard Duru, G Chazot, Jean-Paul Auray, Patrick Henry, A Pradalier, A El Hasnaoui, Anne-Françoise Gaudin, Michel Lanteri-Minet, Jean-François Dartigues, and Christian Lucas
Subjects: Migraine, Political science, Socio economic impact, Health Policy, medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Socioeconomics
Published: 2002
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46. [Creutzfeld-Jakob disease]

Author: P, Giraud, A, Alpérovitch, and G, Chazot
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform, Myoclonus, Sheep, Iatrogenic Disease, Animals, Humans, Ataxia, Cattle, Dementia, Electroencephalography, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
Abstract: Described in the early 1920s in Germany, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease now comprises 4 entities: 1. familial forms are linked to mutations of the gene coding for prion protein (about 8% of the cases); 2. iatrogenic forms are due to interventions using contaminated material or human extracts (about 5% of the cases); 3. sporadic forms represent the majority of the cases (about 87%) without any established explanation; 4. recently described new variant, related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy, remains quite rare (41 known cases). In all its forms, the disease is constantly mortal after a usually short course. Major signs are rapidly evolving; dementia with myoclonus, ataxia, and electroencephalographic abnormalities (periodic activity). Formal diagnosis is histologic.
Published: 2002

47. Detection of enteroviral sequences from frozen spinal cord samples of Japanese ALS patients

Author: Bruno Lina, G. Chazot, Frederik Beaulieux, S. Ono, N. Shimizu, and P. Giraud
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Aseptic meningitis, Autopsy, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Spinal cord, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Central nervous system disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Degenerative disease, Japan, Spinal Cord, medicine, Enterovirus, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Encephalitis
Abstract: Enteroviruses (EV) are responsible for acute infections of the CNS, such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, and are involved also in chronic diseases like myocardiopathy and some type 2 juvenile diabetes.1 We have recently reported that echovirus 6- or 7-like sequences could be detected in motor neurons of the anterior horn of patients with ALS.2 Previous studies on ALS have suggested viruses as putative etiologic agents.3,4⇓ However, these studies turned out to be negative or their results could not be confirmed, leading to a viral hide-and-seek in sporadic ALS.5 However, our previous study carried out with spinal cord samples collected from French patients was consistent with a report with British samples.6 Both studies reported that enterovirus sequences could be detected by PCR in spinal cord samples of 86% (15/17) and 72% (8/11) of the patients with ALS analyzed, respectively. In the light of the past false leads on viruses in ALS, these findings have to be confirmed with additional studies.5 Moreover, as these two studies were performed with samples collected in Europe, these data might have a very unlikely but, however, possible geographic bias. To investigate both questions (reproducibility and geographic bias), we analyzed 19 spinal cord samples collected from Japanese patients, which included ALS and non-ALS cases. The material consisted of 5- to 7-cm-long blocks of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord collected during autopsy and immediately frozen on dry ice and stored at −80 °C. These specimens had been blinded before being sent on dry ice to Lyon, France. …
Published: 2001

48. Clinical report of three patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and movement disorders

Author: G, Demarquay, A, Setiey, Y, Morel, C, Trepo, G, Chazot, and E, Broussolle
Subjects: Adult, Male, Movement Disorders, Hepatolenticular Degeneration, Iron, Humans, Female, Hemochromatosis, Aged
Abstract: Neurologic manifestations are rarely described in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). We describe three patients with HH and movement disorders. Patient 1, a 69-year-old man, had a 13-year history of disabling cerebellar syndrome, action tremor and myoclonus, and secondary dementia. Patient 2 was a 40-year-old man with a 9-year history of cerebellar syndrome, head and arm tremor, and cervical dystonia. Patient 3, a 75-year-old woman, had a 5-year history of rapidly disabling parkinsonian syndrome unresponsive to levodopa. The diagnosis of HH was established in the three patients by iron tests, evidence of a C282Y mutation, and, in two patients, by liver biopsy. High-field T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense signals in hemispheric white matter in patient 1, cerebellar atrophy in patient 2, and cerebellar and cerebral atrophy in patient 3 and no significant hypointense signals in the three patients. Phlebotomies and symptomatic treatments did not change the course of the disease. Our cases are compared with the five previously reported observations of HH with movement disorders. This rare association is one cause of the chronic acquired non-Wilsonian hepatocerebral degeneration syndromes and represents a separate entity from aceruloplasminemia. The pathophysiologic mechanism of movement disorders in HH is unresolved. No hepatic insufficiency and portosystemic encephalopathy is evidenced in our cases, whereas the putative role of abnormal iron load remains to be ascertained. HH should be investigated more systematically in patients with movement disorders.
Published: 2000

49. The first case of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: clinical data and neuropathological findings

Author: D. Jordan, Jean-Louis Laplanche, G. Chazot, Nicolas Kopp, C. Mottolese, E. Gros, Jean-Philippe Deslys, Armand Perret-Liaudet, F. Philippeau, C. Souchier, I. Verejan, K. Ostrowsky, Nathalie Streichenberger, and M. Hermier
Subjects: Adult, Male, Neurons, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, business.industry, Brain, Autopsy, Disease, Neuropathology, New variant, Dermatology, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, nervous system diseases, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, mental disorders, medicine, Epidemiological surveillance, Humans, Neurology (clinical), France, business
Abstract: Clinical data and autopsy findings in a case ¶of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) are reported. this case, the first histologically confirmed case described outside the United Kingdom, very much resembles the cases described by Will et al. [(1996) Lancet 347 : 921–925] and Zeidler et al. [(1997) Lancet 350 : 903–908, 908–910]. Neuropathological studies failed to reveal any conspicuous clues that could be relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. For epidemiological surveillance, neuropathologists should scrutinize suspected cases keeping in mind the possibility of vCJD.
Published: 2000

50. CTG instability in myotonic dystrophy: molecular genetic analysis of families from south-eastern France with characteristics of intergenerational variation in CGT repeat numbers

Author: S, Duthel, M, Bost, E, Ollagnon, C, Vial, P, Petiot, G, Chazot, and A, Vandenberghe
Subjects: Male, Parents, Linear Models, Genetic Variation, Humans, Myotonic Dystrophy, Female, France, Sex Distribution, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, Pedigree
Abstract: We report clinical, genetical and genealogical findings in 149 French families from the Rhône-Alpes area studied over a 5-year period. There was a significant excess of DM females compared to DM males with (CTG) repeat sizes between 1-2 kb. The mean maternal (CTG) repeat size was higher than paternal repeat size. Anticipation phenomenom was significantly higher after maternal than after paternal transmission. A significant correlation between parental (CTG) repeat size and intergenerational variation both in paternal and maternal transmissions was observed. The anticipation phenomenom was more important for sons than daughters particularly after maternal transmission. The mean (CTG) repeat size in mothers of CDM cases was about twice that of mothers of NCDM children. The risk of giving birth to a CDM child increased considerably when the number of maternal (CTG) repeats was over 300 (CTG). A significant excess of DM females was observed. They had on average 24% fewer children than male patients. Paternal transmission (63.6%) of DM occurred more frequently than maternal transmission (52.7%).
Published: 1999

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