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Purpose: To investigate the long-term effect of testicular torsion on sperm parameters and testis structure in order to introduce a novel mice azoospermic model for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation., Materials and Methods: Unilateral testicular torsion was created. The animals were divided into two groups each containing 15 mice. They underwent 2 and 4 hours of unilateral testicular ischemia, respectively. All animals in this experiment were aged matched. The experimental (n = 5) groups were studied 2, 4 and 10 weeks after testicular ischemia reperfusion. Moreover, the left testes and epididymis were removed for sperm analysis and for weight and histopathological evaluation. Finally isolated spermatogonial stem cells were transplanted in the testes that underwent 2 hours of ischemia reperfusion, two weeks post-surgery., Results: All the investigated parameters demonstrated a sharp decline at 2, 4 and 10 weeks after testicular torsion, whereas 2-hour ischemia was found to be less injurious in testicular tissue structure. Two months after xenotransplantation, the transplanted cells were localized in the basal of the seminiferous tubules of the recipient ischemic testes., Conclusion: Torsion can cause permanent azoospermia in mouse. Also Testicular torsion 2 weeks after the 2 hours ischemia reperfusion may prove useful for recipient preparation for SSCs transplantation in mouse.

Purpose: Surgical repair of varicocele has long been a procedure to correct spermatogenesis. However, the outcome has been reported to be inadequate. We combined varicocelectomy with supplement therapy to evaluate the concurrent effect of these procedures., Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was undertaken to investigate the effects of zinc sulfate, folic acid and zinc sulfate/folic acid on sperm quality, protamine content and acrosomal integrity following surgical repair of varicocele. Male subjects with palpable varicocele were included in the study and randomized into four groups. Subjects received Zinc sulfate, Folic acid, Zinc sulfate/Folic acid or placebo for 6 months. A semen sample was obtained before surgery and 3 and 6 months after surgical repair. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm parameters as well as chromatin content and acrosomal integrity., Results: Most of the evaluated parameters showed a mild improvement after varicocelectomy in the placebo group. Interestingly, co-administration of Zinc sulfate and folic acid improved most factors significantly. Folic acid administration but not zinc sulfate could increase sperm number. Hence, Zinc sulfate was better than folic acid when change in morphology was assessed, and none of them was significantly effective in sperm motility. In Zinc sulfate and Folic acid groups, protamine content and halo formation rate significantly improved., Conclusions: We may conclude that co-administration of zinc and folic acid significantly improved sperm parameters and increased varicocelectomy outcomes. So, medical treatment with compatible drugs after surgery might be advantageous for obtaining acceptable results.