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Aim Adult umbilical hernia accounts for between 3% and 14% of abdominal wall hernias, second only to inguinal hernias in frequency. The current prevalence of umbilical hernias in Africa is currently unknown, but it is estimated that about 50,000 patients die each year in Africa as a result of umbilical hernias. We describe below the number of interventions performed in 2022 by European aid workers in a third level Hospital in Tanzania using local anesthesia and the available material. Material and Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of the number of umbilical hernias operated in a Third level Hospital in Tanzania Results Throughout 2022, 2818 surgical interventions were performed in men and women by european aid workers: 114 interventions (4.04%) were umbilical hernia repairs. The age range of the operated patients was 12–18 years. No mesh was used in any case. The techniques used consisted of edge-to-edge closure. Patients were discharged after 24–48 hours without complications and no follow-up was obtained due to the fact that it was a rural hospital. Conclusions Umbilical hernia repair with mesh is the gold standard of treatment in our environment, however its practice in collaborative projects of this type requires a thorough knowledge of non-prosthetic repair options due to the scarcity of material.

Objectives In rural África, hernia and caesarean section are the most common elective procedures with a very high burden of morbidity and mortality in inguinal hernias. We present the interventions carried out during 2022 by European aid workers in a referral and third level hospital in Tanzania and the techniques performed from the scarce material available. Material and Methods A retrospective observational study of the number of inguinal hernias operated in a Hospital in Tanzania by European aid workers. Results Throughout 2022 the hospital performed 2818 surgical interventions (1445 men and 1373 women) of which 155 were inguinal hernias (5.5% of total interventions). Of this total, only 5 were repaired with mesh using the Lietchenstein technique (3% of operations). The remaining cases were repaired by herniorrhaphy using the Shouldice technique. The postoperative period was between 24 and 48 hours. Follow-up is carried out in less than 5% due to the fact that this is a rural hospital, with 17 reoperations. Conclusions Treatment of inguinal hernia in cooperative projects are challenging to the surgeon's skills and require a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the inguinal region and nonprosthetic repair options.

Introduction A new three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis was introduced in 2019. The Rigicon Infla10® has been implanted in 26 centers by 103 physicians. Clinical investigation for FDA approval in United States will begin in late 2022. Objective We report initial survival from explantation and revision rates for infection, mechanical failure and medical problems. Data was obtained from analysis of Patient Information Forms (PIFs) submitted to the manufacturer. Patient information data was omitted prior to analysis. Methods 319 patients implanted from 1/06/2019 to 12/31/2021 were followed to analyze device durability from revision/removal and rates of reoperation for infection, mechanical failure or medical reason. Results Mean follow-up was 21.2 months with a range of 5-36 months. Mean age was 58.5. 4.38% required removal/revision. Mechanical failure was 2.5%. There were no infections reported and only two (0.6%) medical problems (component out of place). One Peyronie's patient required revision for inadequate straightening (0.03% Three patients (0.9%) requested device removal for dissatisfaction. A total of 95.6% of Rigicon Infla10® was free from explant or revision 13 months from the original implant date. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed cumulative survival of the device at 12, 24 and 36 months was 95.6%, 94.7% and 95.7% until surgical invention. Conclusions While this is a retrospective study derived from volunteered Patient Information Forms, we believe the vast majority of the early Rigicon Infla10® performed prior to 1/2022 were included in the analysis. Early results show initial durability from re-operation equivalent to contemporary, devices. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Rigicon, Boston Scientific, Coloplast.

Objective: To describe the heterogeneity of electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) patients collected as part of the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS). Methods: Prospectively collected clinical and EDx data were available in 957 IGOS patients from 115 centers. Only the first EDx study was included in the current analysis. Results: Median timing of the EDx study was 7 days (interquartile range 4-11) from symptom onset. Methodology varied between centers, countries and regions. Reference values from the responding 103 centers were derived locally in 49%, from publications in 37% and from a combination of these in the remaining 15%. Amplitude measurement in the EDx studies (baseline-to-peak or peak-to-peak) differed from the way this was done in the reference values, in 22% of motor and 39% of sensory conduction. There was marked variability in both motor and sensory reference values, although only a few outliers accounted for this. Conclusions: Our study showed extensive variation in the clinical practice of EDx in GBS patients among IGOS centers across the regions. Significance: Besides EDx variation in GBS patients participating in IGOS, this diversity is likely to be present in other neuromuscular disorders and centers. This underlines the need for standardization of EDx in future multinational GBS studies.(c) 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Introduction The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the role of the medial side involvement in the treatment choice of radial head fractures. Materials and methods We searched the databases of our institutions for the surgical procedures diagnosed as "fracture of the radial head" and for the procedures related to "prosthesis of the radial head" and "osteosynthesis of the radial head" in the period from May 2014 to October 2017. The fractures were first classified according to the Mason classification . We then allocated the patients into three study groups according to the site of the fracture, either the medial or lateral side of the radial head : Group A, with an isolated lateral fracture of the radius head; Group B1, with a medial fracture of the radius head with two medial fragments; and Group B2, with a medial fracture of the radius head with multiple medial fragments. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify statistically significant correlation between the pre-operative classifications of Mason and our study, the type of surgical procedure, and the clinical outcome. Results Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) scores determined at the final follow-up of the study (mean 16.6 months, range 12-26 months) was excellent in 17 patients (4 in Group A, 6 in Group B1 and 7 in Group B2), and good in 12 patients (3 in Group A, 7 in Group B1, and 2 in Group B2). One patient showed a poor result in MEP score probably because of an infection and implant removal. Conclusion Regarding medial fractures of the radial head, our study showed satisfactory results with a radial head prosthesis for comminuted or multifragmentary radial head fractures. For surgeons with advanced elbow fracture expertise, osteosynthesis could be attempted in a fracture pattern that involved only two medial fragments.

A parameterized model order reduction technique is investigated for the efficient frequency-domain uncertainty quantification of circuits obtained by the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method. The parameterized model order reduction technique is coupled with a standard MC analysis and it is able to provide accurate uncertainty quantification results at a significantly reduced computational cost. Choosing the order of the parameterized model order reduction model is an important step depending on the detail of statistical information needed from the uncertainty quantification process. A practical approach is used for order selection. Numerical results for correlated random variables have validated the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed uncertainty quantification method.

Tibial plateau fractures pose multiple challenges to the surgeon given their frequent intra-articular involvement and the tendency to displace under axial load. The aim of this study is to de-scribe the clinical outcomes of a retrospective case series in which tibial plateau fractures were not treated with PL fragment osteosynthesis.In the present retrospective study, we included patients treated for tibial plateau fracture with PL fragment in our department from January 2016 to January 2020. All patients were seen at the outpa-tient clinic 2 and 5 weeks after surgery, and at 3, 6 and 12 months, and thereafter at regular intervals, depending on the overall clinical status. Every patient included in this study was then contacted by phone to assess self-reported clinical outcomes. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) questionnaire was used to assess functional outcomes. Patients were divided in six groups depending on the three-column classification by Lou (groups A1-A6). Patients were also divided in four groups based on the whole area of the PL column and on the depression of the PL fragment (group B1-B4). One-way ANOVA was used to compare groups of patients.OKS scores, extension and step-off of the PL fragment were analyzed in groups A1 - A6. No significant differences between OKS scores and step-off were found, while statistical difference was found between surfaces of PL fragment. No significant difference was found between OKS scores in groups B1-B4.Our findings suggest that the treatment outcome is influenced not only by the superficial involvement or collapse of PL fragments, but also by other variables, including BMI, pre-injury physi-cal health, and age.

The increase in average population age and, consequently, in fragility fractures demands an innovative approach to the emerging challenges. A new system of clinical evaluation of the geriatric patient with femoral fracture is presented: multidisciplinary and inspired by the principles of orthogeriatrics, aimed at personalising and optimising the treatment of this serious disease.

Crossed adoptions based on female potential are recommended in commercial production. This are made in the first 24 hours postpartum because it is at this moment that the imprinting occurs, it is the process by which certain stimuli are associated to produce different behaviors. In order to decrease or eliminate the recognition of the strange piglet, prior to introducing it into the new litter, different strategies are carried out. Early experiences may have long-term effects on future behavior. These experiences are influenced by mother-litter interaction. The aim of this work was to determine the possible association between adoptions and sows behavioral modifications. Females that donated piglets spent more time “walking” than those who did not donate piglets (p, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an alternative protein source (hydrolyzed feather meal vs meat meal) and two levels (high:170 g and low:140 g CP) on performance and carcass quality traits in rabbits. One hundred twenty eight New Zealand x Californian rabbits were used, weaned at 28 days of age. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial arrangement: two sources of animal protein (Control: MM and alternative: FM) and two levels of crude protein (CP: 17% and 14%). The digestibility of diets was evaluated based on 10 animals per treatment (between 49 and 56 days of age), using cages provided with individual faeces collectors. Daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dry matter digestibility (DMD), feed cost per rabbit and feed cost per kg of meat produced, were recorded. Forty animals (10 for each treatment) were slaughtered at 75 days of age, following the standard procedures of rabbit slaughter. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, GLM, SAS. The protein level of diet significantly influenced weights at 61 days, DMD, FCR and at slaughter, percentage of gastro-intestinal tract, weight of the stomach (full and empty), weight of the full caecum, hot carcass weight and carcass yield. The source of protein significantly influenced feed consumption, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and feed cost per rabbit. Although the inclusion of FM in the diet did not generally affect performance traits, it did affect performance on the protein-restricted diets. The inclusion of feather meal in the diet appears to be the subject of the cost of this by-product when diet is formulated.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V72018121855 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1855

The goat is included within the class Mammals, order Ungulates, family Bovidae, genus Capra¸ species Capra hircus. There are numerous theories regarding the origin of the goat, being the most accepted Auschler theory, which includes three original types of domestic goat: Capra prisca, currently extinct, domesticated in the Caucasus region, Capra aegagrus, in Asia and Capra falconeri (Kashmir goat). (Bedotti, 2000)., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Il rapporto fra abitudini viziate, respirazione orale e malocclusione è fondamentale in tema di prevenzione e trattamento precoce dei disturbi della crescita cranio-facciale. Infatti così come le abitudini viziate possono interferire negativamente con la posizione dei denti e con il normale pattern di crescita scheletrica cranio-facciale, così l’ostruzione delle vie aeree superiori, con conseguente respirazione orale, cambia il modello di crescita craniofacciale con sviluppo di malocclusioni da moderate a severe. Questo studio trasversale, effettuato su 3.017 bambini applicando il ROMA index, vuole verificare l’esistenza di una correlazione significativa tra abitudini viziate/respirazione orale e malocclusione. Dai risultati emerge che all’aumentare del grado dell’indice aumenta anche la prevalenza di abitudini viziate e respirazione orale, significando che questi fattori sono associati alle malocclusioni più gravi. Inoltre abbiamo riscontrato un’associazione statisticamente significativa fra abitudini viziate e overjet e openbite aumentati, ma non con il morso inverso. Dal lavoro è emerso che la respirazione orale è strettamente correlata ad overjet aumentato, overjet inverso, morso crociato, openbite e displacement. Riteniamo quindi che abitudini viziate e respirazione orale, rientrando fra i fattori di rischio di malocclusione, vadano intercettati e corretti precocemente per prevenire lo sviluppo di malocclusioni o il peggioramento di quelle preesistenti.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify molecular variants in a DNA fragment of the rabbit growth hormone gene and assess their relative contribution in trials with different dietary protein sources and protein levels. We studied 52 rabbits from 22 matings at the Experimental Unit of the School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata. Diets contained two protein levels (14 and 17%) and three protein sources (meat, fish and feather meal). We evaluated the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles and existing genotypes, and recorded the following productive variables: weaning weight (WW), weight at 45 days (W45), weight at slaughter (WS) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Results; Three SNP variants (c.-49C>A, c.-33A>G and c.66G>A) were detected in the DNA fragment analyzed with two alleles. Whereas c.-49C>A (CC, AC) and c.66G>A (GG, AG) had only two genotypes, and C-33A> G had the three possible ones. Molecular variants were in equilibrium and two showed association (p A alleles associated with the growth hormone gene. Conclusions: The results reported in this study show the greater impact of changes in the levels and sources of protein in the diet on the percentage of variation in productivity than the presence or absence of a particular allele.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify molecular variants in a DNA fragment of the rabbit growth hormone gene and assess their relative contribution in trials with different dietary protein sources and protein levels. We studied 52 rabbits from 22 matings at the Experimental Unit of the School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata. Diets contained two protein levels (14 and 17%) and three protein sources (meat, fish and feather meal). We evaluated the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles and existing genotypes, and recorded the following productive variables: weaning weight (WW), weight at 45 days (W45), weight at slaughter (WS) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Results; Three SNP variants (c.-49C>A, c.-33A>G and c.66G>A) were detected in the DNA fragment analyzed with two alleles. Whereas c.-49C>A (CC, AC) and c.66G>A (GG, AG) had only two genotypes, and C-33A> G had the three possible ones. Molecular variants were in equilibrium and two showed association (pA alleles associated with the growth hormone gene. Conclusions: The results reported in this study show the greater impact of changes in the levels and sources of protein in the diet on the percentage of variation in productivity than the presence or absence of a particular allele.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V62017031208 AND DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1208

Several CIDP patients need long-term corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with IVIG being associated with improved safety profile. SCIG is an alternative option for immunoglobulin delivery but it was not investigated in large-scale trials in CIDP. PATH was a randomized, double-blind trial investigating 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg weekly doses of SCIG IgPro20 (Hizentra®, CSL Behring) versus placebo for maintenance treatment in 172 CIDP patients. IVIG-dependent adults with definite or probable CIDP were eligible. The primary outcome was the percentage of subjects with a CIDP relapse (1-point deterioration on adjusted INCAT disability score) or who were withdrawn for any reason during the 24-week SCIg-treatment. Multiple secondary endpoints were assessed. Overall, 33% of patients on high-dose SCIG, 39% of those on low-dose SCIG and 63% of placebo recipients experienced CIDP relapse or were withdrawn from treatment (p

The standard surgical management of hip fractures is associated with tissue trauma and bleeding which are added to the fracture injury. The percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) is a minimally invasive device that has been demonstrated in previous studies to reduce postoperative complications and blood loss. This prospective, multi-center, observational study assessed clinical and functional outcomes with PCCP as treatment for trochanteric fractures. Patients with a stable or unstable proximal femoral fracture of type AO 31.A1 or 31.A2 were enrolled in eight hospitals in Italy. The primary outcome of interest was the recovery of the pre-fracture functional status at 1-year follow-up; secondary outcomes of interest included blood transfusions, surgical time, complications, and mortality. A total of 273 patients were enrolled. The ASA score was 3 or 4 in 72.5 % of patients. The mean surgical time was 44.1 min; the mean post-surgery blood transfusions was 0.9 units. At 1 year, 48 patients (17.6 %) died, 28 (10.2 %) were lost to follow-up, 4 patients (1.5 %) were excluded, hence 193 patients (70.3 %) were available for final evaluation. At the 1-year follow-up visit, 51.9 % of patients recovered or improved their pre-fracture modified Harris Hip Score, 49.1 % of patients improved or maintained their walking abilities, and 66.6 % of patients residing at home pre-surgery maintained their domicile. The overall mortality rate was 17.6 %. Major complications included two fracture collapses, one excessive sliding of the cephalic screw leading to a partial fracture collapse and one back-out of the diaphyseal screw. This study demonstrates that treatment of trochanteric fractures with PCCP gives good outcomes and significant advantages such as low blood loss, short surgical time, low risk of complications, and good functional recovery in the majority of the patients.

We present the case of a 39-year-old sportswoman who was involved in a motorcycle accident in 2012. She sustained a complex proximal femoral fracture that involved the neck and trochanteric region. We decided to preserve the natural bone stock and repair the fractures, adopting skeletal traction in the first stage and then implanting an intramedullary nail. Twenty months later the fracture was healed clinically and radiologically and the patient was able to walk and run without pain.

We present three members of an Italian family affected by tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and congenital miosis harboring a novel missense mutation in ORAI1. All patients had a mild, late onset TAM revealed by asymptomatic creatine kinase (CK) elevation and congenital miosis consistent with a Stormorken-like Syndrome, in the absence of thrombocytopathy. Muscle biopsies showed classical histological findings but ultrastructural analysis revealed atypical tubular aggregates (TAs). The whole body muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a similar pattern of muscle involvement that correlated with clinical severity. The lower limbs were more severely affected than the scapular girdle, and thighs were more affected than legs. Molecular analysis revealed a novel c.290CG (p.S97C) mutation in ORAI1 in all affected patients. Functional assays in both human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and myotubes showed an increased rate of Ca

An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the effects of axisymmetric lathe-worked grooves on the impinging jet-to-wall heat transfer, under constant wall temperature conditions. This study covers jet Reynolds numbers, based on the orifice diameter D, from 15 000 to 30 000, for a given jet-to-wall dimensionless distance H/D = 2. The grooves have either square or triangular cross-section, with depth c = 1 mm, and pitch p = 2 mm. Under these conditions, we obtained significant heat transfer enhancements, up to 81% as compared with the smooth plate reference case, for a value of the dimensionless plate radius R/D = 2, a jet Reynolds number Rej = 23 000, and for square cross-section lathe-worked grooves.

An experimental study was carried out to produce reliable data for the determination of the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient Kth of suspended oil particles in air, in the transition regime. An original device was used for the thermophoretic deposition efficiency measurement, involving a turbulent flow through a concentric tube annulus, with the inner tube cooled (5 °C) and the outer heated. Experimental parameters varied in particle diameter (0.039–5.13 μm), flow rate (150, 200, and 250 Nl min−1, corresponding to Reynolds number in the range 5000–10 000) and hot wall temperature (65–125 °C). This configuration, based on three controlled temperatures (gas inlet, cold wall, hot wall), the so-called “3T”, permits an overall deposition efficiency enhancement compared to conventional “2T” penetration devices (hot gas flow in a cooled tube). In the 3T configuration, significant thermophoretic deposition efficiencies have been obtained (up to 27%), together with limited gas temperature axial variations, thus permitting a reliable determination of the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient Kth. An analytical model was developed for the prediction of the thermophoretic deposition efficiency, for a given value of the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient Kth. This model has been used, together with our measurement results, to derive the Kth experimental values, for a Knudsen number ranging from 0.01 to 3. These Kth values were compared with evaluations based on various models available in the literature. Although widely used, Talbot's model always provides Kth values higher than our experimental results in the transition regime. The most relevant model appears to be the one proposed by Beresnev and Chernyak, particularly for an energy accommodation slightly lower than one.

Gas-to-wall heat transfer configuration for a round air jet impinging on a circular flat plate is investigated experimentally to derive an average Nusselt number correlation. The impingement plate is placed at the bottom of a large adiabatic enclosure, and its temperature is imposed, by external circulation of a coolant. The simultaneous measurements of mass flow rate and characteristic temperatures (hot jet, cold wall, enclosure outlet) permit the determination of the average wall heat transfer coefficient, through an enthalpic balance of the enclosure. The jet Reynolds number, nozzle diameter D and nozzle-to-plate distance H are varied. These experimental measurements are compared with the results of a numerical CFD modelling. Simulations under constant wall heat flux conditions are compared to local Nusselt number distributions as given by the current literature, which validates the use of the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model for this problem. Simulated Nusselt numbers obtained at a constant wall temperature are found lower than under uniform heat flux conditions. Measurements and simulation results, at a constant wall temperature, are in good agreement. An average Nusselt number correlation is proposed for jet impingement heat transfer calculations under constant wall temperature conditions, as a function of the jet Reynolds number Rej (10000⩽Rej⩽30000), the geometrical parameters R/D, H/D (3⩽R/D⩽10; 2⩽H/D⩽6), and the dimensionless viscosity ratio μj/μw (1.1⩽μj/μw⩽1.4).

We present results concerning the limitation of maximum crystal size by pre-foaming an aqueous supersaturated solution, followed by its crystallization. Foams are generated by adding specific surface active agents to the solution and by air injection under continuous high shear agitation, leading to a gas-liquid stable dispersion having polyhedral internal structures with thin separating liquid films. This spatial dispersion structuration, by locally reducing the amount of solute available for each crystal growth, permits the limitation of the resulting crystal sizes. It is shown that, under these conditions, the initial film thickness and mean bubble radius, obtained for a given volume fraction of gas in the foam, can control the final crystal size distribution. The foam expansion ratio thus appears to be a new operating parameter for crystal growth limitation when using a foam crystallization technique.

The increasing production and the large variety of wastes require operators of thermal treatment units to continuously adapt the installations or the functioning parameters to the different physical and chemical properties of the wastes. Usually, the treated waste is encountered in the form of heterogeneous mixtures. The classical tests such as thermogravimetry and calorimetric bomb operate component by component, separately. In addition to this, they can analyse only small quantities of waste at a time (a few grams). These common tests are necessary but insufficient in the global waste analysis in the view further thermal treatment. This paper presents an experimental installation, which was designed and built at the CNRS Science Division, Department of Industrial Methods, Compiegne University of Technology, France. It allows the determination of waste thermal and chemical properties by means of thermal treatment. Also, it is capable of continuously analysing significant quantities of waste (up to 50 kg/h) as compared to the classical tests and it can work under various conditions: • oxidant or reductive atmosphere (on choice); • variable temperature between 400 and 1000 °C; • independently set residence time of treated sample in the installation and flow conditions. The installation reproduces the process conditions from incinerators or pyrolysis reactors. It also provides complete information on the kinetics of the waste thermal degradation and on the pollutant emissions. Using different mixtures of components present in the municipal solid waste and also in the reconstituted MSW samples, we defined a series of criteria for characterising waste behaviour during the stages of the main treatment process such as: feeding, devolatilisation/oxidation, advancement, solid residue evacuation, and pollutants emission.

We present results concerning the control of granulometry of crystals obtained by crystallization in a pre-formed aqueous supersaturated solution. This solution is first structured as a gas–liquid dispersion, consisting in an adjacent polyedric cells system, separated by thin liquid walls, each Plateau border, acting as a micro-reactor for crystallization. This structuration permits the size limitation of crystals formed, produced in a quasi-monomodal granulometry repartition. It has been possible to relate the mean granulometric characteristics to three dimensional parameters representative of the foam internal geometry, and to elaborate a model for the prediction of the granulometric repartition of crystals formed within the foam.

A metamodelling technique for the efficient design optimisation of the electromagnetic response of metasurfaces is proposed. Metamodels are built starting from data samples of design performance parameters properly extracted from a few electromagnetic simulations using a system identification approach. The metamodels are then used to optimise the metasurface electromagnetic response with respect to some design specifications. Numerical results validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed metamodelling technique.

In food industries, thorough cleaning -in-place procedures for the unheated surfaces of food processing equipment are required to ensure the safety of food products by the removal of microorganisms. The aim of this work is to model the removal kinetics of Bacillus spores during a cleaning-in-place procedure. These spores were chosen for their occurrence in dairies. The removal of Bacillus cereus spores was found to be strongly dependent on both chemical action (sodium hydroxide), which lowers the adhesion strength of spores onto hard surfaces, and hydrodynamic conditions during cleaning through wall shear stress. A simple model (first-order reaction) assuming a process combining removal and deposition during cleaning was detailed and experimentally confirmed. In addition, a significant effect on the effective removal rate constant by both the flow conditions applied during the soiling procedure and applied during cleaning was observed.

Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces.Read Complete Article at ijSciences: V3201401356

In this study, selective agglomeration is used as a simple physical technique to reduce the ash content of coal tailings, in order to reduce environmental pollution and to increase the value of these materials for combustion and energy recovery. A pilot plant based upon this separation method was constructed, permitting the de-ashing of the tailings to a high level and the recycling of the agglomerant used for these operations by thermal desorption from the agglomerates. The effects of many operating variables have been examined for two different tailings and the efficiency of the process for cleaning tailings and agglomerant recovery has been demonstrated. Moreover, a tailings de-ashing efficiency of 90% was achieved for this process, and a recovery and re-cycling efficiency for the agglomerant of 82% was also realised.

A three-phase foam equation of state has been developed to complete a previous equation defined for aqueous foams by other authors. An original compression system has been used to define a pressure-specific volume relationship taking into account the presence of a co-volume in the three-phase foams. The results showed that three-phase foams are governed by an equation depending on pressure, temperature, foam specific volume, foam specific incompressible volume and moles of gas. This relation, P ( V s − V si ) = N g RT , will be, in addition way, a function of the solid content and the expansion ratio of the foam. Also, it has been found that the theoretical model of the three-phase foam equation coincides well with the experimental results, with an error less than 5%.

We have developed and commissioned a transmitted beam diagnostic (TBD) for the 2ω high intensity interaction beam at the Omega laser facility. The TBD consists of a bare-surface reflector mounted near the target, which collects and reflects 4% of the transmitted light to a detector assembly outside the vacuum chamber. The detector includes a time integrating near-field camera that measures beam spray, deflection, and the absolute transmitted power. We present a detailed description of the instrument and the calibration method and include first measurements on laser heated gas bag targets to demonstrate the performance of the diagnostic.