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M. Pajola et al., On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft will impact the surface of Dimorphos, the ∼160 m size satellite of the binary near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (65803) Didymos. What will be observed on the surfaces of both asteroids and at the DART impact site is largely unknown, beyond the details of Didymos revealed by previous Arecibo and Goldstone radar observations. We present here the expected DART and LICIACube observations of the Didymos system and discuss the planned mapping strategies. By searching similar geological features and processes identified on other NEAs, we constrain the impact conditions that DART might encounter at Dimorphos, assessing both the asteroid's surface and interior structure., This work was supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the LICIACube project (ASI-INAF agreement AC n. 2019-31-HH.0). This work was supported by the DART mission, NASA Contract No. 80MSFC20D0004. E.A. is funded by the University of Arizona. S.S. acknowledges support from NASA as part of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Participating Scientist Program. J.M.T.-R. is funded by the research project (PGC2018-097374-B-I00), funded by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación—Agencia Estatal de Investigación. P.M. acknowledges ESA as well as funding from the French space agency CNES, from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 870377 (project NEO-MAPP) and from the CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs.

Total hip arthroplasty, one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures, is influenced by several variables. Corrosion at the modular junction is known as trunnionosis. Despite being reported infrequently, corrosion between the femoral head and the Morse taper can result in severe complications. Fracture of the femoral component in primary metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty at the Morse taper is an extremely rare event and can be associated with several risk factors. We report a case of corrosion at the Morse taper in a hybrid primary MoM total hip arthroplasty, resulting in Morse taper fracture with consequent femoral head entrapment inside the acetabular component. We hypothesise that some risk factors, such as age over 60years, active male patients, body mass index above 30kg/m2, large femoral heads, high-offset stems, 9/10 Morse taper and MoM-bearing surfaces, are associated with this mode of failure.

Deimos and Phobos are considered primary targets of investigation to understand the origin and evolution of Mars and more in general the terrestrial planets of the Solar System. TASTE mission aims complementing MMX investigation by focusing on Deimos surface, combining both global remote sensing observations from a close orbit and direct in-situ analyses of the surface thanks to a lander release on Deimos. With a synergy between orbital and in-situ investigations, the proposed mission will contribute to the Deimos global morphology understanding; its global elemental abundance; landing site morphology and texture; landing site organic content and surface composition. TASTE is conceived as a Cubesat-in-Cubesat mission: a 12U space asset composed by a 9U orbiter and a 3U lander. The former embarks an X-gamma ray spectrometer developed by OAT and a multispectral camera, the second is equipped with a miniaturized Surface Sample Analyser (SSA), composed by a new Sample Acquisition Mechanism (SAM), conceived by PoliMi and a Surface Analytical Laboratory (SAL) developed by INAF OAA. The mission is conceived to keep the orbiter on a QSO nearby Deimos to facilitate the lander release and the scientific operations in synergy with the lander itself. Details on science, space assets sizing and design and mission science operations will be discussed in deep.

The smallest member of the Didymos binary near-Earth object system (Dimorphos) is the target of the DART/LICIACube mission, the first attempt to change the orbit of another celestial body via a kinetic impactor. It is important to characterize the unperturbed system prior to the DART impact. In this work we obtained, for the first time, spectral characterization of the system at several rotational phases from TNG+DOLORES in the visible range (0.34–0.81 μm). This is crucial in order to disentangle the primary and secondary bodies and highlight eventual dishomogeneities on their surfaces. We confirm that a subtle but persistent spectral variability appears, even when compared with data obtained from previous 2003 and 2019 apparitions. While the reason for such variability is still under investigation, our analysis hints that different compositions could play a role. Future observations during the brighter 2022 apparition in synergy with data obtained from LUKE on board LICIACube will definitely tackle this conundrum.

The aim of present study is a macro evaluation of adjustment to allow homeostasis before and after frenectomy. Macro analysis was done on 7 pediatric patients tested firstly simple surface elettromyography (EMG) to evaluate masticatory muscles, secondly the Romberg's test to assess the posture and thirdly cephalometric analysis according to Giannì and Rocabado to assess orthodontic variations. The frenectomy was performed with diode laser (wavelength 890 nm). Pre-frenectomy EMG outcomes indicate a clear masticatory muscular imbalance with a different electrical activity compared to physiological standard values and functional basal balance. Results after frenectomy EMG show a normalization of basal values with an improvement of mandibular posture. Depending on cephalometric analysis, outcomes reveal a tendency to normalize the cervical lordosis, previously altered. Ultimately, pre-frenectomy Romberg's test shows initial instability in the static posture, which decreases after frenectomy. In conclusion, the short lingual fraenum not only has static correlations with the oral cavity but also dynamic connections with the cervical posture and muscular basal organization. So, homeostasis includes macro alterations involving muscular tone and bone position. Frenectomy could favor the restoration of the basal eutonia achieved by a natural homeostasis.

In 2021, the DART spacecraft will be launched by NASA to intercept the binary system Didymos and impact the moonlet (Dimorphos), to test the effectiveness of kinetic impactors for the deviation of hazardous asteroids’ trajectories. The impact is expected to generate a cloud of particles, whose study could provide valuable data about asteroid’s properties and impact models. Observations from ground to characterize ejecta and plume evolution after impact would be possible, but the resulting quality would be significantly lower than a short-range imaging. In this framework, ASI (Italian Space Agency) and NASA started a collaboration to embark on the US DART vehicle the LICIA (Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging Asteroid) 6U CubeSat as a piggyback payload. LICIA is devoted to grasp science data by imaging the ejecta plume after the impact, and observe Dimorphos surface while flying by the binary system. The Italian consortium involved in the mission sees ARGOTEC for the platform development, and INAF, Politecnico di Milano and Universita di Bologna to cover the mission science, trajectory design and orbit de-termination tasks, respectively. The paper focuses on the mission analysis and maneuvers design, strongly driven by the science return, under the tight constraints enforced by the platform. In particular, it describes the preliminary procedure followed to derive trajectory constraints and to select the best option for the flyby. Despite the mission is still under development, and subjected to frequent updates of several parameters, the final performances derived in this paper maintain their validity as they represent the desired target values for the mission.

The interest in near earth objects (NEOs) has widely spread among space agencies during the past decades, not only due to the valuable scientific data these objects can provide, but also for the potential hazard they represent for our planet. In particular, to date there still isn't a validated technique to deflect NEOs on a collision course with Earth. The DART mission, developed by NASA, aims at filling this gap, by testing the effectiveness of a kinetic impactor on the binary asteroid system "Didymos". In 2022 the spacecraft will hit the smaller asteroid of the binary system, slowing down the moonlet speed with respect to the larger body, permitting the assessment of the impact effectiveness by ground observation measurements. The impact will also generate a cone of ejected particles, of great interest for current numerical impact models validation, which however will be hardly visible from ground. In this context, a bilateral agreement between NASA and Italian Space Agency (ASI) allowed to embark a 6-units CubeSat on DART, called Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIA). Deployed before the impact, it will fly by the asteroid at the right distance to observe the ejecta evolution and will also be exploited for observation of the asteroid's side not visible from DART, to help estimating the overall volume. The LICIA spacecraft and mission are being developed by ASI through an italian consortium composed by Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Università di Bologna (UniBo), Argotec, and Politecnico di Milano (PoliMi), respectively covering the fields of mission science and payload, orbit determination, platform development, and mission analysis. The present paper covers the topic of attitude guidance and control design, to ensure the best performance for target pointing during the flyby. The most up-to-date trajectory is taken as baseline scenario to explore various strategies in terms of slew maneuvers to be performed, and optimization for the parameters of the controller. Uncertainties, for the platform and the environment, are introduced to evaluate such strategies in non-nominal, realistic scenarios, with deviations of the trajectory and changes in the flyby distance from the target. Results are compared and the best guidance and control strategy is selected as preliminary baseline. Next steps in the closed-loop architecture development, and related expected issues to be solved, are discussed.

o The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will be the first historical test to check an asteroid deflection by a kinetic impactor. o The target of DART mission is Dimorphos, the secondary element of the (65803) Didymos binary asteroid system, and the impact is expected in late September - early October 2022 o The DART spacecraft will carry a 6U cubesat called LICIACube (Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroid), provided by the Italian Space Agency and developed by Argotec, with the aim to collect pictures of the impact's effects. o On board LICIAcube two camera payloads will be hosted: LEIA, a panchromatic (400-900nm Filter, FoV equal to ±2.06°) Narrow Angle Camera and LUKE, a RGB (Bayer colour filter, FoV equal to ±5°) Camera. o LICIACube will be able to acquire the structure and evolution of the DART impact ejecta plume and will obtain high-resolution images and 2 colours data (B-G, G-R) of the surfaces of both bodies and the plume.

On September 30, 2022, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will be the first space mission demonstrating the kinetic impactor method for planetary defense. DART will impact Didy- mos B (a 164±18 m secondary of asteroid (65803) Did- ymos) with its mass of 650 kg and at a speed of 6.6 km/s. Such impact is expected to change the secondary orbital period by about 10 minutes. DART will carry as a piggyback the Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) which will be released from DART ten days before the impact. LICIACube will pro- vide evidence of the impact and will take multiple im- ages of the target up to a distance of ~55 km from the target. The LICIACube narrow and wide angle cameras - LEIA (LICIACube Explorer Imaging for Asteroid) and LUKE (LICIACube Unit Key Explorer), respec- tively - will capture the post-impact processes coming from in situ events, such as the newly formed crater, the expanding ejecta and the dynamics of its plume. In par- ticular, the measurement of the motion of the slow (

Introduction On September 30, 2022, NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART, [1]) mission will be the first space mission demonstrating the kinetic impactor method for planetary defense. DART will impact Didymos B (a 164±18 m secondary of asteroid (65803) Didymos [2]) with its mass of 650 kg and at a speed of 6.6 km/s. Such impact is expected to change the secondary orbital period by about 10 minutes. DART will carry as a piggyback the Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube, [3]) which will be released from DART ten days before the impact. LICIACube will provide evidence of the impact and will take multiple images of the target up to a distance of ~55 km from the target. The LICIACube narrow and wide angle cameras - LEIA (LICIACube Explorer Imaging for Asteroid) and LUKE (LICIACube Unit Key Explorer), respectively – will capture the post-impact processes coming from in situ events, such as the newly formed crater, the expanding ejecta and the dynamics of its plume. In particular, the measurement of the motion of the slow ( Dust plume model We use a 3D+t non-spherical dust model that solves the Euler dynamical and kinetic equations. Considering free-collisional dust regime we study the effects on the particle dynamics provided with different shapes, initial particle orientation and velocities as well as torque. Torque is computed from the law of variation of the angular momentum by using the Euler dynamic equations. The particles are assumed to be homogeneous, isothermal convex bodies, having the same physical properties of the target. The dust motion is governed by solar radiation pressure force, initial dynamical parameters (speed, orientation and torque) and gravity of the asteroid binary system. To compute the gravity we take into account that Didymos B is orbiting at distance of ~1.18 km the Didymos primary (780±80 m in size) [6]. As input we use the physical parameters obtained via numerically simulated impact into low-gravity and strength- dominated asteroid surface done with the iSALE numerical code [5]. A detailed description of the parameters set used in the impact modelling are reported in Table 1. As an example, in Fig.1, we show the iSALE simulation of the spatial distribution of tracer particles for 50 ms after the impact. Table 1: Paremeters used for iSAle simulation. A detailed description can be found in [5]. Fig. 1: A snapshot of the formation of the crater resulting from the iSALE modelling performed with parameters reported in Table 1. The colorbar represent the peak pressure of the ejecta tracer particles. Non-spherical dust motion in the plume We have studied the motion of non-spherical particles after the impact assuming various set of initial parameters coming from the iSALE simulations, such as particle mass, shape, initial orientation, launch position and computed velocity. The Didymos system physical parameters and particle temperature were taken from [7]. Here, in Fig. 2, we show the velocity and the distance from the surface where it has been reached for a prolate spheroid (aspect ratio = 2 [4]) with assumed density 2600 kg/m3. The particle mass is 7.45 x10-2 kg, the initial velocity 0.94 m/s, the launch position is 11 m from the center of the crater and the initial tilt of the initial velocity vector away from local surface normal is 46 degrees. We plotted the results for two cases: 1) only the Didymos B gravity field is considered and 2) the gravity of the whole binary is used. Our results show that the particle dynamics is sensitive to parameters such as orientation and ejection velocity. Fig. 2: Velocity and distance at which it has been achieved for a prolate particle (aspect ratio a/b = 2). The complete set of parameters is given in the text. The solid line indicates the case when only gravity of Didymos B was considered and the dashed line when the gravity of the whole binary was used (binary was approximated as a mass point). This study of dust dynamics in expanding ejecta together with LICIACube plume evolution images can further constrain the momentum transfer efficiency estimation as well as the ejecta velocity and dust size distribution in the “far-field” expanding plume. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) within the LICIACube project (ASI-INAF agreement AC n. 2019-31-HH.0). References [1] Cheng A. F. et al. (2016) Planet. Space Sci., 121, 27-35. [2] de León, J. et al. (2010) Astron. Astrophys, 517, A23. [3] Dotto, E. et al., (submitted), Planet. Space Sci. [4] Ivanovski S. et al. (2017), Icarus 282, p. 333 - 350. [5] Raducan, S. D. et al. (2019), Icarus, 329, p. 282 - 295. [6] Michel, P. et al. (2016) Adv. Space Sci. 57, p. 2529 - 2547. [7] Yu Y. et al. (2017), Icarus 282, p.313 - 325

Use of the so-called distalizing mechanics is a common treatment to correct class II malocclusion. One of the first appliances made for molar distalization was the pendulum, which resulted immediately efficient. The knowledge of pendulum efficacy, in regards to distalizing treatment in adolescence, has guided the research to analyze pendulum effect in childhood: checking the pre-eruptive, natural and distal movement of upper second premolar following first upper molar distalization in order to obtain an advance resolution on Angle's Class II patient, limited treatment time, reduced periodontal inflammation and stress on permanent teeth root. A pilot study testing the possibility of a prospective study was necessary on 6 patients treated following an accurate protocol (6 months and 1-year Rx control) and 6 patient control after one year. Statistical analysis by T-Test was done. Oral hygiene controls every month were done. Second upper bicuspid vertical (1.6mm) and sagittal (2.5mm) movement mean values allow to emphasize a distal variation of tooth axis inclination of treatment group than control group, and a second upper bicuspid distal departure from "gubernaculus dentis" of second deciduous molar in treated patients. Periodontal inflammation appears inexistent on second and first upper premolar germs after the comparison between RX exam of treatment and control groups because of exploiting deciduous teeth. Besides periodontal inflammation and teeth root stress on first upper molar of treatment group, after RX analysis, results were limited compared to control groups because of the advanced orthodontic interceptive treatment during a previous stage of first upper molar root development.

Asteroid (65803) Didymos is an S-type [1] Apollo binary system characterized by a 780±30 m size primary, called Didymos, and a 164±18 m size secondary, called Dimorphos, orbiting at a distance of ~1.19 km [2]. The primary rotation period is 2.26 h [2], close to the 2.2 h disruption spin barrier [3], while the period of revolution of Dimorphos around the primary is 11.9217+0.0002 h [4]. This asteroid has been selected as the target of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART, [5]), whose main goal is to impact Dimorphos at a speed of 6.6 km/s on September 30, 2022, thereby demonstrating the kinetic impactor technique and evaluating the resulting impulsive deflection. The scientific camera onboard DART is called DRACO, i.e. the Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for Op-nav [6]: its main goals are to image Didymos for optical navigation, to resolve the two bodies and support the spacecraft autonomous navigation to the target, and to locate the impact site precisely and characterize its local surface features. To complement such observations, the Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube, [7]) will be released from DART ten days before the impact, and autonomously guided through a flyby with closest approach distance of ~55 km from the target. LICIACube cameras LEIA (LICIACube Explorer Imaging for Asteroid - narrow angle camera) and LUKE (LICIACube Unit Key Explorer - wide angle camera) will then safely witness the redirection test in-situ, while its crater, as well as the ejecta and plume are being formed.

Background Nivolumab is a highly selective anti-programmed death1 (PD-1) human monoclonal antibody that potentiates T-cell responses by blocking the binding of PD-1 to its ligands. Nivolumab, on June 2015 was authorised to treat melanoma, renal cell cancer (RCC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) administered in weight-based dosing (BW) schedules at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks. In May 2018 the European Commission approved 240 mg flat dose (FD) every 2 weeks based on pharmacokinetics parameters. Purpose Compare the financial impact of FD methodology versus BW in our population. Material and methods Patients treated with nivolumab for melanoma, RCC and NSCLC in 2017 in our hospital were included in the analysis. Patients with the treatment started before the drug was commercialised were excluded. We analysed prescriptions on our informatic application to obtain the personal data of patients (age, sex, weight). We calculated the number of drug vials needed to fill a single prescription and the hypothetical drug waste. We used tender price (€11.8/mg) to calculate the hypothetical cost of BW and FD. Results Ninety-one patients were treated in 2017 (636 doses), median age 68 years (SD ±8.7) and weight of 71 kg (SD ±15.8). The percentage of men was 63%. Seventy-two (79%) patients weighed less than 80 kg (75% doses). The diagnoses were: melanoma 19 (21%), RCC 12 (13%) and NSCLC 60 (66%). In our centralised unit we used a processing residue drug during compounding to minimise waste. The hypothetical cost of BW would be €1,748,932 with a hypothetical waste of 7.970 mg (€94,620) which is 5% of the total drug cost. The real cost of nivolumab was €1,661,154. This policy allowed us to save €87 778 (5%). If the same patients received the FD, no waste would have been produced but the cost would be greater €1,777,950 (+7%). Conclusion FD simplifies prescribing, preparation, inventory and billing but the costs would be greater. In our cohort the median patient’s weight was less than 80 kg so we would have used fewer vials using BW versus FD protocol. Reference and/or acknowledgements Zhao X, et al. Assessment of nivolumab benefit-risk profile of a 240-mg flat dose relative to a 3-mg/kg dosing regimen in patients with advanced tumors. Ann Oncol 2017. No conflict of interest.

“LICIACube – the Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids” is managed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and will be part of the NASA DART mission, with the aim of i) documenting the DART impact’s effects on the secondary member of the (65803) Didymos binary asteroid system, ii) characterizing the shape of the target, and iii) performing dedicated scientific investigations on it. DART probe will be launched at the end of 2021 and LICIACube will be hosted as piggyback during the interplanetary cruise, then released 10 days before the impact, and autonomously guided along its fly-by trajectory. The LICIACube payload is composed by LEIA, a narrow FoV camera, and LUKE, a wide FoV imager with an RGB Bayer pattern filter, that will collect and transmit to Earth several unique images of the effects of the DART impact on the asteroid, such as the formation and the development of the plume potentially determined by the impact. LICIACube will be the first deep space mission developed and autonomously managed by an Italian team: the design, integration and test of the CubeSat have been assigned by ASI to the aerospace company Argotec, while the LICIACube Ground Segment has a complex architecture based on the Argotec Mission Control Center, antennas of the NASA Deep Space Network and data archiving and processing, managed at the ASI Space Science Data Center. The LICIACube team includes a wide Italian scientific community, involved in the definition of all the aspects of the mission: trajectory design; mission definition (and real-time orbit determination during operations); impact, plume and imaging simulation and modelling, in preparation of a suitable framework for the analysis and interpretation of in-situ data. The major technological mission challenge, i.e. the autonomous targeting and imaging of such a small body during a fast fly-by, to be accomplished with the limited resources of a CubeSat, is affordable thanks to a strong synergy of all the mentioned teams in support of the engineering tasks.

The authors reply to the comment by R. P. Steer discussing the reasons for their incorrect assignment of the luminescence decay of the novel compound 5,10,15-(triphenyl),20-[ethynyl-(4-carboxy)phenyl]tetrabenzoporphyrinate Zn(ii) (PETBP). Further DFT and TDDFT calculations have been performed on the compound to investigate the possibility of a direct S

CubeSats were born to be a cheap alternative for relatively short low Earth-orbiting missions. The extensive tests on field have proven that CubeSats are capable to conduct also deep-space missions,even though with lower performances depending on off-the-shelf payloads. The idea of coupling one or more CubeSats to support a classical deep space probe could be useful to reduce the mission costs while increasing the scientific objectives. For instance, CubeSats could be used to split mission tasks, to perform gravity investigations using formation flight (Hera-Juventas), or dedicated optical observation (LICIACube, ArgoMoon). The costs could be additionally reduced by releasing the CubeSats once reached the investigation situ. However, CubeSats' payload and onboard computation limits, smaller non-directional antennas set a tricky challenge to the Orbit Determination (OD) and Navigation (NAV) tasks. SLS. Recently, the Mars Cube One (MarCO) mission has demonstrated the capabilities of the CubeSats in deep- space environment. In the following, we will present the challenges in the navigation of two deep-space CubeSats, coordinated by the Italian Space Agency (ASI): LICIACube and ArgoMoon. Both the spacecrafts are designed, manufactured, and tested by the Italian company Argotec that will also operate the spacecrafts.

Table S1. Line of therapy at palbociclib + letrozole initiation and patient disposition at end of study period. (DOCX 16 kb)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is not uncommon among lung transplant candidates. Several small, single-center series have suggested that short-term outcomes are acceptable in selected patients who undergo coronary revascularization prior to, or concomitant with, lung transplantation. Our objective was to evaluate perioperative and intermediate-term outcomes in this patient population at our institution. We performed a retrospective, observational cohort analysis of 898 lung transplant recipients between 1997 and 2010. Pediatric, multivisceral, lobar or repeat transplantations were excluded, resulting in 791 patients for comparative analysis, of which 49 (median age 62, 79.6% bilateral transplant) underwent concurrent coronary artery bypass and 38 (median age 64, 63.2% bilateral transplant) received preoperative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Perioperative mortality, overall unadjusted survival and adjusted hazard ratio for cumulative risk of death were similar among both revascularization groups as well as controls. The rate of postoperative major adverse cardiac events was also similar among groups; however, concurrent coronary artery bypass was associated with longer postoperative length of stay, more time in the intensive care unit and more postoperative days requiring ventilator support. These results suggest that patients with CAD need not be excluded from lung transplantation. Preferential consideration should be given to preoperative PCI when feasible.

Emulsões óleo em água (o/a) estão sendo utilizadas para minimização das adversidades encontradas durante o transporte e bombeamento de petróleo não convencional (extrapesado e viscoso). Os problemas são imputados à alta viscosidade apresentada pelo óleo, dificultando e/ou impossibilitando o seu transporte. Emulsões o/a são constituídas por um sistema em que o óleo se encontra disperso, sob a forma de pequenas gotas, na fase aquosa que contém o agente emulsificante. Desta forma é possível transportar e bombear o óleo sem contato direto com a parede do oleoduto, reduzindo os problemas devido à sua alta viscosidade e melhorando a eficiência na recuperação e produção desse tipo de óleo para o setor petrolífero. No presente trabalho, um estudo experimental foi elaborado para avaliar propriedades de emulsões formuladas com emulsificantes reconfiguráveis através de alterações no pH. Uma mistura de aminas etoxiladas foi utilizada como agente emulsificante para emulsões óleo em água com composição volumétrica de óleo de até 70%. Foram avaliados os efeitos do pH e da salinidade da fase aquosa sobre as seguintes propriedades da emulsão: diâmetro de gota, estabilidade, viscosidade aparente e potencial zeta. Os parâmetros analisados mostraram-se fortemente influenciados pelo pH da fase aquosa, permitindo variar as propriedades da emulsão. O diâmetro médio foi inferior a 20 micrômetros, resultando em emulsões estáveis (quantidade de fase aquosa separada inferior a 12% em volume). As emulsões apresentaram partículas negativamente carregadas em amplo intervalo de pH. O processo de emulsificação produziu emulsões com viscosidade possíveis de serem bombeadas em tubulações comerciais (viscosidade inferior a 400 mPa.s), sendo uma opção tecnicamente viável. A variação de propriedades de emulsões, com as características do agente emulsificante utilizado, permite a adequação dessas propriedades conforme o requerido pelo processo. Oil-in-water emulsions (o/w) are being used to minimize adversities encountered through flow and pumping of unconventional oil (extra heavy and viscous). Problems are imputed to the high viscosity hindering and/or blocking the pump potential of this type of oil. O/w emulsions are a system, in which the oil is dispersed, as small droplets, in the aqueous phase, which contain the emulsifying agent. Hence, it is possible to transport and pump the oil without direct contact with the pipeline wall, reducing the problems due to the high viscosity of the oil and improving the efficiency in the recovery and production of unconventional oil for the petroleum industry. For the present work, an experimental evaluation was carried out to analyzed properties of emulsions formulated with reconfigurable emulsifiers by changes in the pH. A blend of ethoxylated amines was used as emulsifying agent for oil-in-water emulsions with oil content up to 70% volumetric. Effects of pH and salinity of the aqueous phase on emulsions properties were evaluated, as following: droplets diameter, stability, apparent viscosity and zeta potential. The analyzed parameters were strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase, enabling to manage emulsions properties. Average diameter was under 20 micrometers, resulting in stable emulsions (quantity of aqueous phase separated under 12% volumetric). Emulsions presented negatively charged particles in a wide pH range. The emulsification process produced emulsions with viscosity possible to pump the oil in commercial pipelines (viscosity inferior than 400 mPa.s), being a technical feasible option. Variation of emulsion properties, with the characteristics of the emulsifying agent used, permits the adequacy of these properties as required by the process.

The arenaviruses are an important family of emerging viruses that includes several causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans that represent serious public health problems. A crucial step of the arenavirus life cycle is maturation of the envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC) by the cellular subtilisin kexin isozyme 1 (SKI-1)/site 1 protease (S1P). Comparison of the currently known sequences of arenavirus GPCs revealed the presence of a highly conserved aromatic residue at position P7 relative to the SKI-1/S1P cleavage side in Old World and clade C New World arenaviruses but not in New World viruses of clades A and B or cellular substrates of SKI-1/S1P. Using a combination of molecular modeling and structure-function analysis, we found that residueY285 of SKI-1/S1P, distal from the catalytic triad, is implicated in the molecular recognition of the aromatic “signature residue” at P7 in the GPC of Old World Lassa virus. Using a quantitative biochemical approach, we show that Y285 of SKI-1/S1P is crucial for the efficient processing of peptides derived from Old World and clade C New World arenavirus GPCs but not of those from clade A and B New World arenavirus GPCs. The data suggest that during coevolution with their mammalian hosts, GPCs of Old World and clade C New World viruses expanded the molecular contacts with SKI-1/S1P beyond the classical four-amino-acid recognition sequences and currently occupy an extended binding pocket.

Aim: To evaluate fundamental cell functions, such as adhesion, IL-6 production and proliferation of human gingival keratinocytes cultured on a newly engineered collagen matrix (CM-10826) and to assess the degree of specific biocompatibility of this new device. Materials and methods: Primary cultures of human keratinocytes were derived “in vitro” from biopsies of independent donors. Their true epithelial origin was ensured by the expression of cytokeratin 14. Adhesion, proliferation and production of IL-6 cytokine was then measured in the presence or absence of CM-10826 activity or of its relevant components. Results: Functional tests revealed that keratinocytes adhered to CM-10826 and up-regulated their basal IL-6 production. The type of keratinocytes used expressed cytokeratin 14. Proliferation experiments demonstrated that the best cellular response was observed in the presence of Collagen I, the main component of CM-10826. No undesired effects were observed as for keratinocyte viability, morphology or differentiation. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that CM-10826 has a favourable biological effect on the “in vitro” response of gingival keratinocytes in terms of IL-6 production, cell growth and adhesion. These findings may encourage a possible use of this collagen membrane as a tissue which, alone, may substitute for autologous gingival grafts thereby overcoming the limitations of autologous

Computer-assisted surgery is based on computerized tomography (CT) scan technology to plan the placement of dental implants and a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to create a custom surgical template. It provides guidance for insertion implants after analysis of existing alveolar bone and planning of implant position, which can be immediately loaded, therefore achieving esthetic and functional results in a surgical stage. The absence of guidelines to treat dentulous areas is often due to a lack of computer-assisted surgery. The authors have attempted to use this surgical methodology to replace residual teeth with an immediate implantoprosthetic restoration. The aim of this case report is to show the possibility of treating a dentulous patient by applying a computer-assisted surgical protocol associated with the use of a double surgical template: one before extraction and a second one after extraction of selected teeth.

A minimum interarch space of 40 mm along the planned direction of the implant is physically mandatory to allow computer-guided implant placement with the NobelGuide technique. The aim of this paper was to describe a novel radiologic protocol and a new occlusal radiographic index that give the clinician the possibility of identifying patients with limited interarch space. Three patients undergoing NobelGuide treatment of the edentulous upper jaw were selected as candidates for this study. In the first patient, the radiographic occlusal index was built using an addition silicone material to occupy the space between the 2 arches forced into the maximum opening position. In the other 2 patients different silicone materials were used and 2 interpositional wedges were placed in between 2 silicone bites to ensure maximum mouth opening. In the first patient, the bite made with addition silicone alone resulted in distinct noise on computer tomography since the patient was not forced to achieve his maximum opening position. In the second patient the mandibular addition silicone was still quite visible, while in the third patient the condensation silicone was invisible and the quality of the image was excellent with the possibility of measuring maximum opening position and virtually predicting interference with the opposite arch. The new radiological occlusal index made with condensation silicone (Sandwich Index) proved to be effective in reproducing the maxillary forced maximum opening position during the initial planning phase, preventing errors in the inclusion or exclusion of patients suitable for NobelGuide treatment.

Testo di Biochimica Generale utile per lo studio dei principi di Biochimica per studenti universitari.

Coronary artery disease has a high prevalence among lung transplant recipients and has historically been a contraindication to transplant at many institutions. In patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease (Mod-CAD) undergoing lung transplant, outcomes are not well defined.All patients who underwent pulmonary transplantation from January 1996 through November 2010 with pretransplant coronary angiogram were included in our study. Recipients of multivisceral, redo, and lobar lung transplants and those who underwent pretransplant coronary revascularization were excluded. Patients were grouped into Mod-CAD or no-coronary artery disease group (No-CAD). Primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points were 30-day events and the need for posttransplant coronary revascularization.Approximately 539 patients were included in the study: 362 in the No-CAD, 177 in the Mod-CAD group. Patients with Mod-CAD were predominantly male, older, and had a higher body mass index. No difference in either perioperative morbidity and mortality (Mod-CAD, 4.2% vs. No-CAD 3.3%, P=0.705) or late overall mortality was shown between groups. Mod-CAD patients had a shorter hospitalization (median: 12 days vs. 14 days, P=0.009) and required a higher rate of late coronary revascularization procedures (PCI: Mod-CAD vs. No-CAD, 0.3% vs. 4.0%, P=0.0035; CABG: Mod-CAD vs. No-CAD, 0.3% vs. 2.3%, P=0.0411).Mod-CAD does not appear to be associated with increased perioperative morbidity or decreased survival after transplant. Coronary artery disease may worsen and require coronary revascularization in patients with risk factors for disease progression. In these patients, close follow-up and screening for progression of coronary artery disease may help prevent late cardiac morbidity.

The aim of this study was to test a new collagen matrix (Mucoderm) positioned during oral implant abutment connection. A patient previously treated with Le Fort I for bone augmentation and 8 implants showing minimal amount of keratinized tissue was selected for an extensive keratinized tissue augmentation and deepening of the oral vestibule by apically positioning a split palatal flap and palatal grafting with Mucoderm. Clinical data at 9 and 14 days and 1 and 2 months showed resorption of the collagen graft, augmentation of the keratinized tissue around the implants, and deepening of the vestibule, with minimal morbidity and reduced surgical treatment time. However, some vestibular keratinized tissue contraction was evident. The new collagen matrix may be a promising material as a substitute for an autologous gingival/connective tissue graft. Despite the preliminary results of this innovative article, before drawing any general conclusion, the benefit of the procedure should be further evaluated by prospective clinical trials.

The absorption properties of pi-extended macrocycles such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been intensively applied to the light -harvesting process related to organic photovoltaics, with particular focus on polymer cells and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. In the last few years a large amount of new phthalocyanines have been synthesized and studied and amongst them an interesting sterically hindered push-pull structure, having a record efficiency value of 6.4% has been prepared and published. Even if porphyrins have obtained higher values in terms of efficiency, having the most efficient ones recently shown an impressive efficiency value of 12%, thus comparable to that of N719, the outstanding stability and high molar extinction coefficients (e> 10E5) of phthalocyanines make them very attractive sensitizers with possible applications in Graetzel cells and justify the intensive study carried on these molecules. It is well known that the metal centers of these macrocyclic compounds can affect their absorption peaks, their HOMO/LUMO energy values as well as their possible charge transfer properties in a DSSC device. Thus our goal was to investigate the performances of dyes possessing the same molecular structure having different central metal ions, in order to understand how their harvesting capabilities could be influenced by this kind of substitution. In particular we have chosen an unsymmetric tri-ter-butyl phthalocyanine bearing an ethynylbenzoic unit as anchoring group to the TiO2, that have been synthesized and fully characterized by our research group some years ago as zinc complex. In the present contribution, the synthesis of different 9(10),16(17),23(24)-tri-ter-butyl-2-[acetynyl-(4-carboxy)phenyl]phthalocyaninato metal complexes and their optical, chemical and electrochemical characterizations will be presented. The related free-base phthalocyanine will also be analyzed. Theoretical calculations of both frontier molecular orbitals and simulated absorption spectra with the preliminary measurements of the related DSSCs, where obtained, will be also discussed.

The absorption properties of p-extended macrocycles such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been intensively applied to the light -harvesting process related to organic photovoltaics, with particular focus on polymer cells and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells1. In the last few years a large amount of new porphyrins2 have been synthesized and studied and amongst them an interesting push-pull structure, having an impressive efficiency value of 12%, thus comparable to that of N719, has been obtained and published3. Even if phthalocyanines have obtained lower values in terms of efficiency, having the most efficient ones recently exceeded 6%4, their outstanding stability and high molar extinction coefficients (e> 105) make them very attractive sensitizers with possible applications in Graetzel cells and justify the intensive study carried on these molecules. Our goal was to investigate the performances of macrocyclic-like compounds having a structure that could potentially combine the best features of both the molecules described above. Benzoporphyrins, never investigated as chromophores in DSSC devices, show an intense absorption in the visible and rear-IR regions of the solar spectrum which can be modulated by an accurate tailoring of their structure. These structures can possibly be substituted on the free meso and b-positions, allowing the formation of push-pull systems that can affect the frontier orbitals of the systems to promote and favour the electron injection into the TiO2 surface. Moreover, the insertion of bulky electron-donating groups on the periphery of the macrocycle could suppress or at least diminish those aggregation phenomena which can lower down the efficiency of the correspondent solar cells. In the present contribution, the multistep synthesis of triphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin TP1 and its optical, chemical and electrochemical characterizations will be presented. Theoretical calculations of both frontier molecular orbitals and simulated absorption spectra with the preliminary measurements of the related DSSCs will be also discussed.

Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly characterized by a short lingual frenulum that may contribute to feeding, speech and mechanical problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the advantages of laser vis-à-vis conventional frenectomy in both intra- and post-surgical phases.This study took into consideration two patients, who were respectively 9 and 10-year-old. The first one underwent a common surgical procedure. A Nd:Yap laser device with a micropulsed wavelength of 1340 nm and power of 8 watts was used for the second. The postsurgical discomfort and healing characteristics were evaluated.The results indicated that the Nd:Yap laser has the following advantages when compared to the conventional frenectomy: 1) soft tissue cutting was efficient, with no bleeding, giving a clear operative field; 2) there was no need to use sutures; 3) the surgery was less time-consuming; 4) there was no postsurgical infection and no need for analgesics or antibiotics; 5) wound contraction and scarring were decreased or eliminated; 6) despite the initial slowness of the healing process, the complete and final recovery was faster.Considering the above elements, it is possible to assert that the laser frenectomy has a series of unquestionable advantages if compared to the conventional surgical technique.

A study on the sequence dependent DNA binding mode of DAPI has been carried out on pUC8 and the βgal promoter region by restriction endonuclease and DNAase I protection experiments. A molecular model depicting drug interaction at the level of selected palyndromes has also been constructed that confirms the A-T sequence specificity of the compound. Experimental data indicate that the binding sites for RNA polymerase and cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) in the βgal gene are privileged locales for DAPI interaction, a feature that explains impairment of transcription at this level. From a stereochemical view point, DAPI binding to DNA minor groove, while being incompatible with promoter unwinding in the open complex, may also disturb optimal contacts with proteins regulating RNA polymerase activity.