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1. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

G. Serianni, E. Sartori, R. Agnello, M. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, V. Candeloro, R. Casagrande, S. Dal Bello, M. Dan, B. P. Duteil, M. Fadone, L. Grando, P. Jain, A. Maistrello, I. Mario, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, A. Rizzolo, A. Shepherd, M. Ugoletti, P. Veltri, B. Zaniol, P. Agostinetti, D. Aprile, G. Berton, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, S. Cristofaro, G. Croci, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, A. Luchetta, F. Lunardon, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, O. McCormack, R. Milazzo, A. Muraro, T. Patton, N. Pilan, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, F. Santoro, B. Segalini, M. Siragusa, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, L. Zanotto, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, V. Toigo, Serianni, G, Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Bello, S, Dan, M, Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Cristofaro, S, Croci, G, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Delogu, R, Muri, M, Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, and Toigo, V

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, negative ion generation, RF plasma, Particle beam injection, Beam acceleration, Plasmas, Radio frequency, Cesium, Prototypes, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrodes, Particle beams
Abstract

An overview of the recent operations and the main results of cesium injection in the Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described in this contribution. In experiments without cesium injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify the basic expectations on the operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness of magnetic filter field) and to determine its operational region. For beam properties, it was shown that the current density varies across the beam in the vertical direction. In preliminary cesium experiments, the expected increase of negative ion current and simultaneous decrease of co-extracted electrons were found, along with the influence of the control parameters (polarization of the plasma electrodes, magnetic filter field) on the SPIDER beam uniformity in the horizontal and vertical directions. It was shown that non-Gaussian tails can be identified in the angular distribution on the plane perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. Stray particles, nonhomogeneous beam and large divergence might result in unexpected heat and particle loads over ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) accelerator grids; it is the goal of SPIDER to assess and possibly to identify suitable methods for controlling these beam features. A major shutdown, planned for late 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out scheduled modifications, is outlined. Such improvements are expected to allow SPIDER to pursue the ITER requirements in terms of negative ion current, electron-to-ion ratio, and beam duration.

Published
2023
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2. Global scaling of the heat transport in fusion plasmas

Author

Sara Moradi, Johan Anderson, Michele Romanelli, Hyun-Tae Kim, JET contributors, X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, K. M. Aggarwal, T. Ahlgren, J. H. Ahn, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, R. Albanese, V. Aldred, D. Alegre, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, A. Alfier, A. Alkseev, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, L. Amicucci, V. Amosov, E. Andersson Sundén, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, C. Angioni, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, P. Arena, M. Ariola, H. Arnichand, S. Arshad, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, O. Asunta, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, M. Bacharis, A. Baciero, D. Baião, S. Bailey, A. Baker, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, R. Bament, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, M. A. Barnard, D. Barnes, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, A. Baron Wiechec, L. Barrera Orte, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, M. Bassan, R. Bastow, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, R. Baughan, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, J. Beal, P. S. Beaumont, M. Beckers, B. Beckett, A. Becoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, K. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, É. Belonohy, N. Ben Ayed, N. A. Benterman, H. Bergsȧker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, C. Besliu, M. Beurskens, B. Bieg, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, M. Bigi, P. Bìlkovà, F. Binda, A. Bisoffi, J. P. S. Bizarro, C. Björkas, J. Blackburn, K. Blackman, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, G. Bodnàr, O. Bogar, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, F. Bonelli, J. Boom, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, A. Botrugno, C. Bottereau, P. Boulting, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, C. Bower, C. Bowman, T. Boyce, C. Boyd, H. J. Boyer, J. M. A. Bradshaw, V. Braic, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, S. Breton, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, M. Brix, W. Broeckx, M. Brombin, A. Brosawski, D. P. D. Brown, M. Brown, E. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, J. Buch, J. Buchanan, M. A. Buckley, R. Budny, H. Bufferand, M. Bulman, N. Bulmer, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, N. K. Butler, I. Bykov, J. Byrne, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, I. Calvo, Y. Camenen, P. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Cane, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, B. B. Carvalho, I. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F. J. Casson, C. Castaldo, N. Catarino, J. Caumont, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, K. Cave-Ayland, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, D. Chandra, C. S. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, S. C. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, G. Chitarin, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, E. Clark, M. Clark, R. Clarkson, D. Clatworthy, C. Clements, M. Cleverly, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. W. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, N. Conway, D. Coombs, D. Cooper, S. R. Cooper, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, A. S. Couchman, M. P. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, R. Craven, F. Crisanti, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, R. Crowe, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, M. Curuia, A. Czarnecka, H. Dabirikhah, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, D. Darrow, O. Davies, W. Davis, C. Day, I. E. Day, M. De Bock, A. de Castro, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, G. De Masi, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, P. de Vries, K. Deakin, J. Deane, F. Degli Agostini, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, N. den Harder, R. O. Dendy, J. Denis, P. Denner, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, F. Di Maio, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, P. Dinca, R. Dinca, B. Ding, T. Dittmar, H. Doerk, R. P. Doerner, T. Donné, S. E. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, S. Doswon, D. Douai, P. T. Doyle, A. Drenik, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, Ph. Duckworth, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, I. Duran, F. Durodié, P. Dutta, B. P. Duval, R. Dux, K. Dylst, N. Dzysiuk, P. V. Edappala, J. Edmond, A. M. Edwards, J. Edwards, Th. Eich, A. Ekedahl, R. El-Jorf, C. G. Elsmore, M. Enachescu, G. Ericsson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L. G. Eriksson, B. Esposito, S. Esquembri, H. G. Esser, D. Esteve, B. Evans, G. E. Evans, G. Evison, G. D. Ewart, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Falie, A. Fanni, A. Fasoli, J. M. Faustin, N. Fawlk, L. Fazendeiro, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, K. Fenton, A. Fernades, H. Fernandes, J. Ferreira, J. A. Fessey, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Field, S. Fietz, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, P. Finburg, M. Firdaouss, U. Fischer, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, K. Flinders, N. Fonnesu, J. M. Fontdecaba, A. Formisano, L. Forsythe, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, S. Foster, T. Franke, T. Franklin, M. Frasca, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, D. Frigione, V. Fuchs, D. Fuller, S. Futatani, J. Fyvie, K. Gàl, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Gallagher, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, X. Gao, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garca-Munoz, J.-L. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, D. F. Gear, S. J. Gee, B. Geiger, M. Gelfusa, S. Gerasimov, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Ghate, M. Gherendi, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, T. Giegerich, C. Gil, L. Gil, S. Gilligan, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, J. B. Girardo, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glöggler, J. Godwin, J. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod'ko, R. Gomes, B. Goncalves, M. Goniche, M. Goodliffe, A. Goodyear, G. Gorini, M. Gosk, R. Goulding, A. Goussarov, R. Gowland, B. Graham, M. E. Graham, J. P. Graves, N. Grazier, P. Grazier, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, B. Grierson, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, D. Grist, M. Groth, R. Grove, C. N. Grundy, J. Grzonka, D. Guard, C. Guérard, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, C. Gurl, H. H. Utoh, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, A. Hagar, R. Hager, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, S. J. Hall, S. P. Hallworth Cook, C. Hamlyn-Harris, K. Hammond, C. Harrington, J. Harrison, D. Harting, F. Hasenbeck, Y. Hatano, D. R. Hatch, T. D. V. Haupt, J. Hawes, N. C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, P. Hawkins, P. W. Haydon, N. Hayter, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, K. Heinola, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, S. S. Henderson, R. Henriques, D. Hepple, G. Hermon, P. Hertout, C. Hidalgo, E. G. Highcock, M. Hill, J. Hillairet, J. Hillesheim, D. Hillis, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, D. A. Homfray, J. Horàcek, G. Hornung, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, P. J. Howarth, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, M. Hughes, G. T. A. Huijsmans, C. L. Hunter, P. Huynh, A. M. Hynes, D. Iglesias, N. Imazawa, F. Imbeaux, M. Imrìŝek, M. Incelli, P. Innocente, M. Irishkin, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, J. Jansons, A. Jardin, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, S. Jednoróq, I. Jenkins, C. Jeong, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, Jane Johnston, L. Joita, G. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, K. K. Hoshino, A. Kallenbach, K. Kamiya, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, I. Karnowska, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Y. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D. L. Keeling, T. Keenan, J. Keep, M. Kempenaars, C. Kennedy, D. Kenny, J. Kent, O. N. Kent, E. Khilkevich, H. T. Kim, H. S. Kim, A. Kinch, C. King, D. King, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, A. Kirk, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, G. Kizane, C. Klepper, A. Klix, P. Knight, S. J. Knipe, S. Knott, T. Kobuchi, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, I. Kodeli, L. Kogan, D. Kogut, S. Koivuranta, Y. Kominis, M. Köppen, B. Kos, T. Koskela, H. R. Koslowski, M. Koubiti, M. Kovari, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, N. Krawczyk, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Ksiazek, A. Kukushkin, A. Kundu, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, R. Kwiatkowski, O. J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, N. Lam, H. T. Lambertz, C. Lane, P. T. Lang, S. Lanthaler, J. Lapins, A. Lasa, J. R. Last, E. Laszynska, R. Lawless, A. Lawson, K. D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, J. Leddy, S. Lee, X. Lefebvre, H. J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, D. Leichtle, P. Leichuer, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, S. Lesnoj, E. Letellier, M. Leyland, W. Leysen, L. Li, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, J. Linke, Ch. Linsmeier, B. Lipschultz, G. Liu, Y. Liu, V. P. Lo Schiavo, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, B. Lomanowski, P. J. Lomas, J. Lönnroth, J. M. López, J. López-Razola, R. Lorenzini, U. Losada, J. J. Lovell, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukin, C. Luna, M. Lungaroni, C. P. Lungu, M. Lungu, A. Lunniss, I. Lupelli, A. Lyssoivan, N. Macdonald, P. Macheta, K. Maczewa, B. Magesh, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, T. Makkonen, R. Makwana, A. Malaquias, A. Malizia, P. Manas, A. Manning, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, Y. Marandet, N. Marcenko, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, M. Marinelli, M. Marinucci, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, L. Marot, C. A. Marren, R. Marshal, A. Martin, Y. Martin, A. Martín de Aguilera, F. J. Martínez, J. R. Martín-Solís, Y. Martynova, S. Maruyama, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, S. Matejcik, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, T. May-Smith, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P. J. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, O. McCormack, P. A. McCullen, D. McDonald, S. McIntosh, R. McKean, J. McKehon, R. C. Meadows, A. Meakins, F. Medina, M. Medland, S. Medley, S. Meigh, A. G. Meigs, G. Meisl, S. Meitner, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, I. R. Merrigan, Ph. Mertens, S. Meshchaninov, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, S. Mianowski, R. Michling, D. Middleton-Gear, J. Miettunen, F. Militello, E. Militello-Asp, G. Miloshevsky, F. Mink, S. Minucci, Y. Miyoshi, J. Mlynàr, D. Molina, I. Monakhov, M. Moneti, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, S. Mordijck, L. Moreira, R. Moreno, F. Moro, A. W. Morris, J. Morris, L. Moser, S. Mosher, D. Moulton, A. Murari, A. Muraro, S. Murphy, N. N. Asakura, Y. S. Na, F. Nabais, R. Naish, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, I. Nedzelski, G. Nemtsev, F. Nespoli, A. Neto, R. Neu, V. S. Neverov, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, T. Nicolas, A. H. Nielsen, P. Nielsen, E. Nilsson, D. Nishijima, C. Noble, M. Nocente, D. Nodwell, K. Nordlund, H. Nordman, R. Nouailletas, I. Nunes, M. Oberkofler, T. Odupitan, M. T. Ogawa, T. O'Gorman, M. Okabayashi, R. Olney, O. Omolayo, M. O'Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, J. Orszagh, B. I. Oswuigwe, R. Otin, A. Owen, R. Paccagnella, N. Pace, D. Pacella, L. W. Packer, A. Page, E. Pajuste, S. Palazzo, S. Pamela, S. Panja, P. Papp, R. Paprok, V. Parail, M. Park, F. Parra Diaz, M. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, A. Patel, S. Pathak, D. Paton, H. Patten, A. Pau, E. Pawelec, C. Paz Soldan, A. Peackoc, I. J. Pearson, S.-P. Pehkonen, E. Peluso, C. Penot, A. Pereira, R. Pereira, P. P. Pereira Puglia, C. Perez von Thun, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyi, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, A. Petre, N. Petrella, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, D. Pfefferlé, V. Philipps, M. Pillon, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, A. Pires dos Reis, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, F. Pizzo, V. Plyusnin, N. Pomaro, O. G. Pompilian, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, M. T. Porfiri, C. Porosnicu, M. Porton, G. Possnert, S. Potzel, T. Powell, J. Pozzi, V. Prajapati, R. Prakash, G. Prestopino, D. Price, M. Price, R. Price, P. Prior, R. Proudfoot, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, M. E. Puiatti, D. Pulley, K. Purahoo, Th. Pütterich, E. Rachlew, M. Rack, R. Ragona, M. S. J. Rainford, A. Rakha, G. Ramogida, S. Ranjan, C. J. Rapson, J. J. Rasmussen, K. Rathod, G. Rattà, S. Ratynskaia, G. Ravera, C. Rayner, M. Rebai, D. Reece, A. Reed, D. Réfy, B. Regan, J. Regana, M. Reich, N. Reid, F. Reimold, M. Reinhart, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, D. Rendell, C. Reux, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, S. Reynolds, V. Riccardo, N. Richardson, K. Riddle, D. Rigamonti, F. G. Rimini, J. Risner, M. Riva, C. Roach, R. J. Robins, S. A. Robinson, T. Robinson, D. W. Robson, R. Roccella, R. Rodionov, P. Rodrigues, J. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, F. Romanelli, M. Romanelli, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, E. Safi, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, F. Saint-Laurent, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, D. Samaddar, U. Samm, D. Sandiford, P. Santa, M. I. K. Santala, B. Santos, A. Santucci, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, R. Scannell, T. Schlummer, K. Schmid, V. Schmidt, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, K. Schöpf, D. Schwörer, S. D. Scott, G. Sergienko, M. Sertoli, A. Shabbir, S. E. Sharapov, A. Shaw, R. Shaw, H. Sheikh, A. Shepherd, A. Shevelev, A. Shumack, G. Sias, M. Sibbald, B. Sieglin, S. Silburn, A. Silva, C. Silva, P. A. Simmons, J. Simpson, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, A. Sinha, S. K. Sipilä, A. C. C. Sips, P. Sirén, A. Sirinelli, H. Sjöstrand, M. Skiba, R. Skilton, K. Slabkowska, B. Slade, N. Smith, P. G. Smith, R. Smith, T. J. Smith, M. Smithies, L. Snoj, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, A. Somers, C. Sommariva, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, J. Sousa, C. Sozzi, S. Spagnolo, T. Spelzini, F. Spineanu, G. Stables, I. Stamatelatos, M. F. Stamp, P. Staniec, G. Stankunas, C. Stan-Sion, M. J. Stead, E. Stefanikova, I. Stepanov, A. V. Stephen, M. Stephen, A. Stevens, B. D. Stevens, J. Strachan, P. Strand, H. R. Strauss, P. Ström, G. Stubbs, W. Studholme, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, J. Svensson, L. Swiderski, T. Szabolics, M. Szawlowski, G. Szepesi, T. T. Suzuki, B. Tàl, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, S. Talebzadeh, C. Taliercio, P. Tamain, C. Tame, W. Tang, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, D. Taylor, K. A. Taylor, D. Tegnered, G. Telesca, N. Teplova, D. Terranova, D. Testa, E. Tholerus, J. Thomas, J. D. Thomas, P. Thomas, A. Thompson, C.-A. Thompson, V. K. Thompson, L. Thorne, A. Thornton, A. S. Thrysoe, P. A. Tigwell, N. Tipton, I. Tiseanu, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, P. Tolias, M. Tomes, P. Tonner, M. Towndrow, P. Trimble, M. Tripsky, M. Tsalas, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya jun, I. Turner, M. M. Turner, M. Turnyanskiy, G. Tvalashvili, S. G. J. Tyrrell, A. Uccello, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Uljanovs, D. Ulyatt, H. Urano, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. P. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, M. Valentinuzzi, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos Olivares, M. Valovic, M. Van De Mortel, D. Van Eester, W. Van Renterghem, G. J. van Rooij, J. Varje, S. Varoutis, S. Vartanian, K. Vasava, T. Vasilopoulou, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, R. Verhoeven, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, S. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, I. Vinyar, B. Viola, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, P. Vondràcek, N. Vora, T. Vu, W. W. Pires de Sa, B. Wakeling, C. W. F. Waldon, N. Walkden, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, E. Wang, N. Wang, S. Warder, R. J. Warren, J. Waterhouse, N. W. Watkins, C. Watts, T. Wauters, A. Weckmann, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, C. Wellstood, A. T. West, M. R. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. M. Whitehead, B. D. Whitehead, A. M. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, J. Wilkinson, J. Williams, M. Williams, A. R. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, J. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, G. Withenshaw, A. Withycombe, D. M. Witts, D. Wood, R. Wood, C. Woodley, S. Wray, J. Wright, J. C. Wright, J. Wu, S. Wukitch, A. Wynn, T. Xu, D. Yadikin, W. Yanling, L. Yao, V. Yavorskij, M. G. Yoo, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, R. Young, J. Zacks, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, R. Zanino, A. Zarins, K. D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E. Zilli, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, and I. Zychor

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A global heat flux model based on a fractional derivative of plasma pressure is proposed for the heat transport in fusion plasmas. The degree of the fractional derivative of the heat flux, α, is defined through the power balance analysis of the steady state. The model was used to obtain the experimental values of α for a large database of the Joint European Torus (JET) carbon-wall as well as ITER like-wall plasmas. The fractional degrees of the electron heat flux are found to be α

Published
2020
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3. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsič, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N.P. Singh, M.J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin, Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), iter, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, nbtf, neutral beam injector, mitica, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics - Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, spider, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities.In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char-acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel-erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor-mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters).Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel-erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning.Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener-ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed.Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed.

Published
2023
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4. Strategy for Vacuum Insulation Tests of MITICA 1 MV Electrostatic Accelerator

Author

G. Chitarin, A. Kojima, M. Boldrin, A. Luchetta, D. Marcuzzi, P. Zaccaria, L. Zanotto, V. Toigo, D. Aprile, N. Marconato, T. Patton, N. Pilan, P. Barbato, G. Berton, M. Breda, M. Dan, M. Fincato, L. Lotto, A. Rigoni-Garola, E. Sartori, M. Tollin, M. Valente, L. Grando, N. Pomaro, A. De Lorenzi, J. Hiratsuka, M. Ichikawa, M. Kisaki, M. Murayama, G. M. Saquilayan, H. Tobari, N. Umeda, K. Watanabe, and M. Kashiwagi

Subjects
neutral beam injector (NBI), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High-voltage holding, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

The electrical insulation of the Megavolt ITER Injector and Concept Advancement (MITICA) beam source (BS) at 1 MV in vacuum is a challenging issue, which could not be fully addressed so far on the basis of experimental results and of theoretical models available in literature. A specific high-voltage (HV) test campaign is being prepared to validate and optimize the voltage holding capability of the BS insulation under realistic conditions, using full-size mockup electrodes reproducing in detail the geometry of the BS and accelerator. The proposed test strategy will address both the single-gap and the multistage insulation, so as to obtain a verification of voltage holding at 1 MV before the installation of the real components. This approach is intended to reduce the risk related to the HV insulation at 1 MV and, if necessary, to allow the development of effective corrections. In this article, the test motivations and requirements are defined, and the electrode implementation and diagnostic setup are described. Finally, the test configurations and the experimental procedure are discussed.

Published
2022
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5. Pre-Breakdown Phenomena Between Vacuum Insulated Electrodes: The Role of Accumulation Points in the Onset of Microdischarges

Author

N. Pilan, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, A. De Lorenzi, C. L. Fontana, O. McCormack, R. Gobbo, M. Fincato, L. Lotto, G. Pesavento, F. Pino, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, and M. Zuin

Subjects
neutral beam injector (NBI), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fusion reactors, Condensed Matter Physics, vacuum breakdown
Abstract

This contribution describes the recent experimental results obtained at the high voltage (HV) Padova test facility (HVPTF), the laboratory able to carry out HV tests in vacuum up to 800 kVdc/1mA with a holding time of several hours per experimental session and aimed at developing the voltage holding capability of the Megavolt ITer Injector & Concept Advance (MITICA) accelerator, the prototype for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) neutral beam injector (NBI). The experiments described in this article refer to a double polarity symmetric configuration, a sphere-to-sphere electrode with an inter-electrode vacuum gap of 30 mm. The results showed that the onset of microdischarges can be ascribed to a mutual exchange of charged particles between specific accumulation points on electrode supports and the vacuum vessel rather than to a direct interaction between the spherical electrodes. The outcome of these experiments is reported and analyzed with both analytical and numerical models.

Published
2022
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7. Overview of the design of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors

Author

R S Hemsworth, D Boilson, P Blatchford, M Dalla Palma, G Chitarin, H P L de Esch, F Geli, M Dremel, J Graceffa, D Marcuzzi, G Serianni, D Shah, M Singh, M Urbani, and P Zaccaria

Subjects
negative ions, fusion, neutral beams, ITER, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The heating neutral beam injectors (HNBs) of ITER are designed to deliver 16.7 MW of 1 MeV D ^0 or 0.87 MeV H ^0 to the ITER plasma for up to 3600 s. They will be the most powerful neutral beam (NB) injectors ever, delivering higher energy NBs to the plasma in a tokamak for longer than any previous systems have done. The design of the HNBs is based on the acceleration and neutralisation of negative ions as the efficiency of conversion of accelerated positive ions is so low at the required energy that a realistic design is not possible, whereas the neutralisation of H ^− and D ^− remains acceptable (≈56%). The design of a long pulse negative ion based injector is inherently more complicated than that of short pulse positive ion based injectors because: • negative ions are harder to create so that they can be extracted and accelerated from the ion source; • electrons can be co-extracted from the ion source along with the negative ions, and their acceleration must be minimised to maintain an acceptable overall accelerator efficiency; • negative ions are easily lost by collisions with the background gas in the accelerator; • electrons created in the extractor and accelerator can impinge on the extraction and acceleration grids, leading to high power loads on the grids; • positive ions are created in the accelerator by ionisation of the background gas by the accelerated negative ions and the positive ions are back-accelerated into the ion source creating a massive power load to the ion source; • electrons that are co-accelerated with the negative ions can exit the accelerator and deposit power on various downstream beamline components. The design of the ITER HNBs is further complicated because ITER is a nuclear installation which will generate very large fluxes of neutrons and gamma rays. Consequently all the injector components have to survive in that harsh environment. Additionally the beamline components and the NB cell, where the beams are housed, will be activated and all maintenance will have to be performed remotely. This paper describes the design of the HNB injectors, but not the associated power supplies, cooling system, cryogenic system etc, or the high voltage bushing which separates the vacuum of the beamline from the high pressure SF _6 of the high voltage (1 MV) transmission line, through which the power, gas and cooling water are supplied to the beam source. Also the magnetic field reduction system is not described.

Published
2017
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8. Neutralisation and transport of negative ion beams: physics and diagnostics

Author

G Serianni, P Agostinetti, M Agostini, V Antoni, D Aprile, C Baltador, M Barbisan, M Brombin, M Cavenago, G Chitarin, M Dalla Palma, R Delogu, F Fellin, N Fonnesu, N Marconato, R Pasqualotto, A Pimazzoni, E Sartori, S Spagnolo, M Spolaore, P Veltri, B Zaniol, and M Zaupa

Subjects
beam transport, beam diagnostics, negative ion beam neutralisation, beam space charge compensation, neutral beam injectors, beam physics, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Neutral beam injection is one of the most important methods of plasma heating in thermonuclear fusion experiments, allowing the attainment of fusion conditions as well as driving the plasma current. Neutral beams are generally produced by electrostatically accelerating ions, which are neutralised before injection into the magnetised plasma. At the particle energy required for the most advanced thermonuclear devices and particularly for ITER, neutralisation of positive ions is very inefficient so that negative ions are used. The present paper is devoted to the description of the phenomena occurring when a high-power multi-ampere negative ion beam travels from the beam source towards the plasma. Simulation of the trajectory of the beam and of its features requires various numerical codes, which must take into account all relevant phenomena. The leitmotiv is represented by the interaction of the beam with the background gas. The main outcome is the partial neutralisation of the beam particles, but ionisation of the background gas also occurs, with several physical and technological consequences. Diagnostic methods capable of investigating the beam properties and of assessing the relevance of the various phenomena will be discussed. Examples will be given regarding the measurements collected in the small flexible NIO1 source and regarding the expected results of the prototype of the neutral beam injectors for ITER. The tight connection between measurements and simulations in view of the operation of the beam is highlighted.

Published
2017
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9. The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

V Toigo, R Piovan, S Dal Bello, E Gaio, A Luchetta, R Pasqualotto, P Zaccaria, M Bigi, G Chitarin, D Marcuzzi, N Pomaro, G Serianni, P Agostinetti, M Agostini, V Antoni, D Aprile, C Baltador, M Barbisan, M Battistella, M Boldrin, M Brombin, M Dalla Palma, A De Lorenzi, R Delogu, M De Muri, F Fellin, A Ferro, A Fiorentin, G Gambetta, F Gnesotto, L Grando, P Jain, A Maistrello, G Manduchi, N Marconato, M Moresco, E Ocello, M Pavei, S Peruzzo, N Pilan, A Pimazzoni, M Recchia, A Rizzolo, G Rostagni, E Sartori, M Siragusa, P Sonato, A Sottocornola, E Spada, S Spagnolo, M Spolaore, C Taliercio, M Valente, P Veltri, A Zamengo, B Zaniol, L Zanotto, M Zaupa, D Boilson, J Graceffa, L Svensson, B Schunke, H Decamps, M Urbani, M Kushwah, J Chareyre, M Singh, T Bonicelli, G Agarici, A Garbuglia, A Masiello, F Paolucci, M Simon, L Bailly-Maitre, E Bragulat, G Gomez, D Gutierrez, G Mico, J-F Moreno, V Pilard, M Kashiwagi, M Hanada, H Tobari, K Watanabe, T Maejima, A Kojima, N Umeda, H Yamanaka, A Chakraborty, U Baruah, C Rotti, H Patel, M V Nagaraju, N P Singh, A Patel, H Dhola, B Raval, U Fantz, B Heinemann, W Kraus, S Hanke, V Hauer, S Ochoa, P Blatchford, B Chuilon, Y Xue, H P L De Esch, R Hemsworth, G Croci, G Gorini, M Rebai, A Muraro, M Tardocchi, M Cavenago, M D’Arienzo, S Sandri, and A Tonti

Subjects
ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now—when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage.

Published
2017
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10. Latest experimental and theoretical advances in the production of negative ions in caesium-free plasmas

Author

Fabrizio Esposito, A. De Lorenzi, L. Tahri, R. Agnello, M. Fadone, Francesco Taccogna, A. Pimazzoni, G. Cartry, Panagiotis Svarnas, V. Antoni, A. Laricchiuta, M. Ugoletti, D. Rafalskyi, R. Moussaoui, R. Delogu, Samir Suweis, P. Minelli, B. Maurice, E. Sartori, Pierluigi Veltri, A. Howling, T. Angot, P. Guittienne, M. Sasao, E. Salomon, J. Bentounes, C. Poggi, Joël Lemaire, J. M. Layet, Mario Capitelli, G. Fubiani, M. Minissale, L. Gavilan, P. Agostinetti, V. Variale, M. Bacal, Stéphane Béchu, Savino Longo, M. Mitrou, G. Chitarin, A. Aanesland, M. Barbisan, E. Spada, M. Cavenago, S. Aleiferis, N. Ferron, Roberto Celiberto, Alexandre Bes, G. Serianni, I. Furno, R. Jacquier, Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, CNR, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Patras [Patras], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, INFN-LNL, Groupe de Recherche Energétique, Plasmas et Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-GREPHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Space Science and Astrobiology Division at Ames, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Doshisha University [Kyoto], Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze FIsiche della Materia (CNISM), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), ITER organization (ITER), EUROFusion & FR_FCM, European Project, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Patras, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
rydberg states, h-2, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, International school, Ion, energy distribution-functions, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, hydrogen plasmas, Experimental work, electron-impact excitation, cross-sections, 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], beam source, Plasma, collisional excitation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Topical review, MAJORANA, chemistry, dissociative attachment, Caesium, vibrationally excited molecules, Production (computer science), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

This topical review gathers the last updates concerning caesium-free negative ion sources presented during the $$63{\mathrm {rd}}$$ Course of the International school of Quantum Electronics of the Ettore Majorana Foundation and European collaborative works related to these lectures. Hence, beyond the frame of this course this topical review addresses both theoretical and experimental work performed during these last few years and complexities represented by the conception of a negative ion source ranging from the creation of negative ions to their neutralization.

Published
2021
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11. Overview of the RFX-Mod Fusion Science Activity

Author

Zuin M., Dal Bello S., Marrelli L., Puiatti M.E., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., F. Auriemma, M. Barbisan, T. Barbui, M. Baruzzo, F. Belli, P. Bettini, M. Bigi, R. Bilel, M. Boldrin, T. Bolzonella, D. Bonfiglio, M. Brombin, A. Buffa, A. Canton, S. Cappello, L. Carraro, R. Cavazzana, D. Cester, L. Chacon, B.E. Chapman, G. Chitarin, W.A. Cooper, L. Cordaro, M. Dalla Palma, S. Deambrosis, R. Delogu, A. De Lorenzi, G. De Masi, J.Q. Dong, D.F. Escande, B. Esposito, A. Fassina, F. Felici, A. Ferro, C. Finotti, P. Franz, L. Frassinetti 0, E. Gaio, F. Ghezzi, L. Giudicotti, F. Gnesotto, M. Gobbin, W.A. Gonzalez, L. Grando, S.C. Guo, J.D. Hanson, S.P. Hirshman, P. Innocente, J.L. Jackson, S. Kiyama, M. Komm, O. Kudlacek, L. Laguardia, C. Li, S.F. Liu, Y.Q. Liu, D. López- Bruna, R. Lorenzini, T.C. Luce, A. Luchetta, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, D.K. Mansfield, G. Marchiori, N. Marconato, D. Marocco, D. Marcuzzi, P. Martin, E. Martines, S. Martini, G. Mazzitelli, E. Miorin, B. Momo, M. Moresco, Y. Narushima, M. Okabayashi, R. Paccagnella, N. Patel, M. Pavei, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, L. Pigatto, R. Piovan, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, L. Piron, I. Predebon, C. Rea, M. Recchia, A. Rizzolo, A.L. Roquemore, G. Rostagni, C Ruset, L. Sajò- Bohus 0, H. Sakakita, R. Sanchez, J.S. Sarff, F. Sattin, P. Scarin, O. Schmitz, W. Schneider, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, D.A. Spong, G. Spizzo, L. Stevanato, Y. Suzuki, C. Taliercio, D. Terranova, G. Urso, M. Valente, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Veranda, N. Vianello, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, N. Visonà, Z.R. Wang, R.B. White, P. Xanthopoulos, X.Y. Xu, V. Yanovskiy, A. Zamengo, P. Zanca, B. Zaniol, L. Zanotto, and E. Zilli

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics
Abstract

This paper reports the main results of the RFX-mod fusion science activity since the last 2014 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. The RFX-mod device is characterized by a unique flexibility in terms of accessible magnetic configurations. Axisymmetric and helically shaped Reversed-field pinch equilibria have been studied, along with tokamak plasmas in a wide range of q(a) regimes (spanning from 4 down to 1.2 values). The full range of magnetic configurations in between the two, the so-called ultra low-q ones, has been explored, with the aim of studying specific physical issues common to all equilibria, such as, for example, the density limit phenomenon. The powerful RFX-mod feedback control system has been exploited for MHD control, which allowed to extend the range of experimental parameters, as well as to induce specific magnetic perturbations for the study of 3D effects. In particular, transport, edge and isotope effect in 3D equilibria have been investigated, along with runaway mitigations through induced magnetic perturbations. The first transitions to H-mode in circular and D-shaped tokamak plasmas have been obtained thanks to an active modification of the edge electric field through a polarized electrode. The experiments are supported by intense modelling with 3D MHD, gyrokinetic, guiding center and transport codes. Proposed modifications to the RFX-mod device, which will enable further contributions to the solution of key issues in the roadmap to ITER and DEMO, are also briefly presented.

Published
2016

12. Improvements of the magnetic field design for SPIDER and MITICA negative ion beam sources

Author

P. Veltri, G. Chitarin, Nicolò Marconato, D. Aprile, and P. Agostinetti

Subjects
Physics, Field (physics), business.industry, Plasma, Electron, Magnetic field, Ion, Acceleration, ITER, ACCELERATOR, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electric current, Atomic physics, Aerospace engineering, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The design of the magnetic field configuration in the SPIDER and MITICA negative ion beam sources has evolved considerably during the past four years. This evolution was driven by three factors: 1) the experimental results of the large RF-driven ion sources at IPP, which have provided valuable indications on the optimal magnetic configurations for reliable RF plasma source operation and for large negative ion current extraction, 2) the comprehensive beam optics and heat load simulations, which showed that the magnetic field configuration in the accelerator is crucial for keeping the heat load due to electrons on the accelerator grids within tolerable limits, without compromising the optics of the negative ion beam in the foreseen operating scenarios, 3) the progress of the detailed mechanical design of the accelerator, which stimulated the evaluation of different solutions for the correction of beamlet deflections of various origin and for beamlet aiming. On this basis, new requirements and solution concepts for the magnetic field configuration in the SPIDER and MITICA beam sources have been progressively introduced and updated until the design converged. The paper presents how these concepts have been integrated into a final design solution based on a horizontal “long-range” field (few mT) in combination with a “local” vertical field of some tens of mT on the acceleration grids.

Published
2015

13. Design of Ex-Vessel Magnetic Probes for JET-EP

Author

G. Chitarin, F. Basso, V. Coccorese, S. Peruzzo, N. Pomaro, T. Edlington, C. Sowden, S. Cramp, K. Fullard, JET-EFDA contributors, G., Chitarin, F., Basso, Coccorese, Vincenzo, S., Peruzzo, N., Pomaro, T., Edlington, C., Sowden, S., Cramp, K., FULLARD AND JET EFDA CONTRIBUTORS, and K., Fullard

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), magnetic equilibrium, JET, magnetic measurements, Magnetic structure, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Rotational symmetry, magnetic diagnostics, Flux, Plasma, Fusion power, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ex-vessel system, JET-EP, General Materials Science, Plasma diagnostics, Aerospace engineering, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A new magnetic diagnostics system has been designed for the 2005 JET experimental campaigns onward. The system, which is integrated into the existing magnetic diagnostics, consists of in-vessel and ex-vessel sensors, and is intended to provide an improvement in the accuracy and reliability of the present equilibrium reconstruction and iron modelling capabilities [V. Coccorese, et al., Design of new magnetic sensors for JET, in: Proceedings of the 15th Topical Conference High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics, April 19–22, 2004, San Diego, CA, USA, in press]. In this paper, the ex-vessel system is described, which consists of an array of pick-up coils, Hall probes and flux loops probes to be installed in the proximity of the upper horizontal iron limbs and inside the iron collar. The sensors are designed to produce an absolute measurement of the magnetic field configuration in the vicinity of the magnetic structure of the machine, which is considered valuable information for the tuning of the axisymmetric models used for plasma equilibrium reconstruction. On the basis of recent results obtained with Hall probe prototypes on JET, the choice of type and location of probes, together with other design and manufacturing issues of the ex-vessel magnetic diagnostics are presented and discussed.

Published
2005
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14. Design of the New Magnetic Sensors for JET

Author

COCCORESE, VINCENZO, ALBANESE, Raffaele, H. ALTMANN, F. BASSO, A. CENEDESE, G. CHITARIN, S. CRAMP, F. DEGLIAGOSTINI, T. EDLINGTON, K. FULLARD, S. GERASIMOV, L. GRANDO, S. HUNTLEY, N. LAM, A. LOVING, D. MARCUZZI, C. MARREN, E. MC CARRON, S. PERUZZO, N. POMARO, V. RICCARDO, F. SARTORI, C. SOWDEN, J. TIDMARSH AND JET EFDA CONTRIBUTORS, Coccorese, Vincenzo, Albanese, Raffaele, H., Altmann, F., Basso, A., Cenedese, G., Chitarin, S., Cramp, F., Degliagostini, T., Edlington, K., Fullard, S., Gerasimov, L., Grando, S., Huntley, N., Lam, A., Loving, D., Marcuzzi, C., Marren, E., MC CARRON, S., Peruzzo, N., Pomaro, V., Riccardo, F., Sartori, C., Sowden, and J., TIDMARSH AND JET EFDA CONTRIBUTORS

Abstract

A new Magnetic Diagnostics system has been designed for the 2005 JET experimental campaigns onward. The new system, which adds to the existing sensors, aims to improve the JET safety,reliability and performance, with respect to: i) equilibrium reconstruction; ii) plasma shape control; iii) coil failures; iv) VDEs; v) iron modelling; vi) MHD poloidal mode analysis. The system consists of in-vessel and ex-vessel sensors. The former are a set of 38 coil pairs (normal and tangential), located as near as possible to the plasma. Coils are generally grouped in rails, in order to ease Remote Handling invessel installation. The system includes: i) 2 outer poloidal limiter arrays (2 x 7 coil pairs); ii) 2 Divertor region arrays (2 x 7 coil pairs); iii) 2 Top coil arrays (2 x 5 coil pairs). Ex-vessel sensors, including discrete coils, Hall probes and flux loops (26 in total) will be installed on the iron limbs, in order to provide experimental data for the treatment of iron in equilibrium codes. The design is accompanied by a software analysis, aiming to predict the expected improvement.

Published
2004

18. Slides on activities at NIFS and IPP presented at 2nd progress meeting WP 2014

Author

P. Agostinetti, A. Barzon, F. Bonomo, M. Brombin, V. Cervaro, G. Chitarin, S. Cristofaro, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, D. Fasolo, L. Franchin, R. Ghiraldelli, F. Molon, A. Muraro, A. Pimazzoni, N. Pomaro, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, M. Tollin, L. Trevisan, P. Veltri, E. Zampiva, G. Serianni, R. Pasqualotto, P. Franzen, B. Ruf, L. Schiesko, K. Tsumori, K. Ikeda, M. Kisaki, and H. Nakano

Published
2014

19. Training at the ELISE experiment

Author

P. Agostinetti, D. Aprile, C. Baltador, F. Bonomo, M. Brombin, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, N. Marconato, R. Pasqualotto, M. Recchia, G. Serianni, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Veltri, and A. Zamengo

Published
2014

20. Enhancement of Magnetic Diagnostic for JET

Author

V. COCCORESE, R. ALBANESE, G. ARTASERSE, F. BASSO, GCALABR, G. CHITARIN, D. MARCUZZI, S. PERUZZO, N. POMARO, F. VILLONE, MATTEI, Massimiliano, V., Coccorese, R., Albanese, G., Artaserse, F., Basso, Gcalabr, G., Chitarin, D., Marcuzzi, Mattei, Massimiliano, S., Peruzzo, N., Pomaro, and F., Villone

Published
2003

21. Final design of the beam source for the MITICA injector

Author

D, Marcuzzi, P, Agostinetti, Palma, M Dalla, Muri, M De, G, Chitarin, G, Gambetta, N, Marconato, R, Pasqualotto, M, Pavei, N, Pilan, A, Rizzolo, G, Serianni, V, Toigo, L, Trevisan, M, Visentin, P, Zaccaria, M, Zaupa, D, Boilson, J, Graceffa, RS, Hemsworth, CH, Choi, M, Marti, K, Roux, MJ, Singh, A, Masiello, M, Froeschle, B, Heinemann, R, Nocentini, R, Riedl, Esch, HPL de, and VN, Muvvala

Abstract

The megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement experiment is the prototype and the test bed of the ITER heating and current drive neutral beam injectors, currently in the final design phase, in view of the installation in Padova Research on Injector Megavolt Accelerated facility in Padova, Italy. The beam source is the key component of the system, as its goal is the generation of the 1 MeV accelerated beam of deuterium or hydrogen negative ions. This paper presents the highlights of the latest developments for the finalization of the MITICA beam source design, together with a description of the most recent analyses and R&D activities carried out in support of the design.

Published
2017

23. High Voltage Test facility campaign report 2013

Author

N. Pilan, L. Lotto, M. Fincato, R. Rizzieri, E. Spada, W. Raniero, V. Antoni, G. Dalla Mea, P. Sonato, F. Rossetto, G. Chitarin, G. Pesavento, R. Gobbo, V. Cervaro, and L. Franchin

Published
2013

30. MITICA Beam Source design report

Author

D. Marcuzzi, P. Agostinetti, M. Pavei, N. Pilan, A. Rizzolo, L. Trevisan, M. Visentin, M. Bigi, G. Chitarin, M. Dalla Palma, N. Marconato, and G. Serianni

Published
2013

32. Status of PRIMA, the test facility for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

P. Sonato, V. Antoni, M. Bigi, G. Chitarin, A. Luchetta, D. Marcuzzi, R. Pasqualotto, N. Pomaro, G. Serianni, V. Toigo, P. Zaccaria, and null ITER International Team

Subjects
Beam line components, Engineering, Negative beams, Test facility, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Electrical engineering, Injector, Power supplies, law.invention, law, business, Beam (structure), Particle beam heating
Abstract

The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1MV a 40A beam of negative deuterons, delivering to the plasma about 17MW up to one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was decided to build a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. The Japan and the India Domestic Agencies participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as KIT-Karlsruhe, IPP-Garching, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. In the paper the main requirements are discussed and the design of the main components and systems are described.

Published
2013

37. Slides presented at Q2 meeting on 30 August 2012

Author

P. Agostinetti, G. Chitarin, F. Degli Agostini, M. Maniero, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, A. Rizzolo, L. Romanato, F. Rossetto, E. Sartori, G. Serianni, P. Sonato, F. Spada, and P. Veltri: P. Zaccaria

Published
2012

38. Recent improvements to the ITER neutral beam system design

Author

P. Zaccaria, A. Rizzolo, L. Rios, P. Blatchford, V. Pilarde, D. King, Mieko Kashiwagi, M. Kuriyama, H.P.L. de Esch, G. Chitarin, M. Tanaka, M. Gagliardi, P. Soanto, D. Boilson, J. Chareyre, A. Krylov, D. Marcuzzi, A. Panasenkov, P. Franzen, L. R. Grisham, Pierluigi Veltri, Nicolò Marconato, A. De Lorenzi, R. S. Hemsworth, Ursel Fantz, Gianluigi Serianni, P. Agostinetti, N. Pilan, Hiroyuki Tobari, G. Barrera, Emanuele Sartori, M. Pavei, and M. Roccella

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Toroid, Energetic neutral atom, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Neutral beam injector, Negative ions, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Beamline, law, ITER, General Materials Science, Atomic physics, Energy source, Transformer effect, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The ITER [1] fusion device is expected to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically confined deuterium–tritium plasma as an energy source which might one day lead to practical power plants. Injection of energetic beams of neutral atoms (up to 1 MeV D0 or up to 870 keV H0) will be one of the primary methods used for heating the plasma, and for driving toroidal electrical current within it, the latter being essential in producing the required magnetic confinement field configuration. The design calls for each beamline to inject up to 16.5 MW of power through the duct into the tokamak, with an initial complement of two beamlines injecting parallel to the direction of the current arising from the tokamak transformer effect, and with the possibility of eventually adding a third beamline, also in the co-current direction. The general design of the beamlines has taken shape over the past 17 years [2] , and is now predicated upon an RF-driven negative ion source based upon the line of sources developed by the Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) at Garching during recent decades [3] , [4] , [5] , and a multiple-aperture multiple-grid electrostatic accelerator derived from negative ion accelerators developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) across a similar span of time [6] , [7] , [8] . During the past years, the basic concept of the beam system has been further refined and developed, and assessment of suitable fabrication techniques has begun. While many design details which will be important to the installation and implementation of the ITER beams have been worked out during this time, this paper focuses upon those changes to the overall design concept which might be of general interest within the technical community.

Published
2012
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42. Status of PRIMA, the Test Facility for ITER Neutral Beam Injectors

Author

P. Sonato, V. Antoni, M. Bigi, G. Chitarin, A. Luchetta, D. Marcuzzi, R. Pasqualotto, N. Pomaro, G. Serianni, V. Toigo, and P. Zaccaria

Abstract

To experimentally demonstrate the sustainability of the fusion reactions with a Q factor ranging from 5 to 10 in stationary conditions, the ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors (HNB). Each HNB will accelerate to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterons delivering to the plasma a total power of 33 MW up to one hour. These requirements have never been experimentally met; hence a strong demonstration activity has been endorsed by ITER to optimise the crucial components and systems. A test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is presently in the starting phase of construction and procurement at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy) in the CNR research area. The facility requires the construction of new buildings (2 ha) and the adaptation of the existing 400 kV power substation. A full-size negative ion source, SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma), will be operated in the facility to demonstrate the creation and extraction of a D?/H? current up to 50/60 A on a wide surface (more than 1 m2) with uniformity within 10 %. The ITER diagnostic beam injector, to be built by the Indian Domestic Agency, shares some requirements and components with SPIDER and close collaboration exists. All SPIDER plant systems and components are ready for the procurement phase. The second experimental device is the prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA (Megavolt ITer Injector and Concept Advancement), aiming to develop the knowledge and the technologies to guarantee the successful operation of the two injectors to be installed in ITER, including the capability of 1 MV voltage holding at low pressure. The Japan Domestic Agency will contribute to the construction of MITICA. Many MITICA plant systems and components are well developed and close to be ready for procurement. The experimental effort is supplemented by numerical simulations devoted to the optimisation of the accelerator optics and to the estimation of heat loads and currents on the various surfaces. Laboratories, such as KIT-Karlsruhe, IPP-Garching, CCFE-Culham, CEACadarache and other European research institutions are also cooperating to the success of the PRIMA enterprise. In the paper the main requirements will be discussed and the design of the main components and systems will be described. Finally the status and planning of PRIMA will be presented. This work was set up in collaboration and financial support of F4E.

Published
2012

44. Design of the MITICA neutral beam injector: from physics analysis to engineering design

Author

P. Sonato, D. Boilson, T. Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, C. Day, P. Franzen, G. Gorini, T. Inoue, J. Milnes, T. Minea, H.P.L. De Esch, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, V. Antoni, M. Barbisan, P. Bettini, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, G. Croci, M. Dalla Palma, S. Dal Bello, M. De Muri, A. De Lorenzi, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, A. Fiorentin, L. Grando, S. Hanke, M. Kashiwagi, A. Luchetta, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, S. Peruzzo, A. Pesce, N. Pilan, N. Pomaro, M. Recchia, W. Rigato, A. Rizzolo, E. Sartori, G. Serianni, A. Soppelsa, A. Sottocornola, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, M. Taniguchi, H. Tobari, V. Toigo, M. Valente, P. Veltri, K. Watanabe, P.Zaccaria, B. Zaniol, A. Zamengo, and L. Zanotto

Subjects
nuclear fusion
Abstract

For ITER heating and current drive, two neutral b eam injectors (NBIs) are planned, delivering a tota l of 33 MW in stationary conditions up to one hour; e ach injector will accelerate a 40 A D - current up to 1 MV. Such requirements have never been achieved simultan eously. Hence the PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator) facility is under constructio n at Consorzio RFX in Padua, Italy. PRIMA will incl ude a test bed named MITICA, with the aim of reliably meeting the ITER heating beam requirements. This contributi on describes the current status of analysis, devoted t o the optimization of MITICA, providing the inputs for the design of accelerator, beam line components, diagno stics, power supplies, control-data acquisition and interlock systems

Published
2012

47. Overview of the RFX Fusion Science Program

Author

P. Martin, Puiatti M.E., P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, J. A. Alonso, V. Antoni, L. Apolloni, F. Auriemma, F. Avino, A. Barbalace, M. Barbisan, T. Barbui, S. Barison, M. Barp, M. Baruzzo, P. Bettini, M. Bigi, R. Bilel, M. Boldrin, T. Bolzonella, D. Bonfiglio, F. Bonomo, M. Brombin, A. Buffa, C. Bustreo, A. Canton, S. Cappello, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, R. Cavazzana, L. Chacon, B. Chapman, G. Chitarin, G. Ciaccio, W. A. Cooper, S. Dal Bello, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, A. De Lorenzi, G.L. Delzanno, G. De Masi, M. De Muri, J. Q. Dong, D.F. Escande, F. Fantini, A. Fasoli, A. Fassina, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, S. Fiameni, J.M. Finn, C. Finotti, A. Fiorentin, N. Fonnesu, J. Framarin, P. Franz, L. Frassinetti, I. Furno, M. Furno Palumbo, E. Gaio, E. Gazza, F. Ghezzi, L. Giudicotti, F. Gnesotto, M. Gobbin, W.A. Gonzales, L. Grando, S. C. Guo, J.D. Hanson, C. Hidalgo, Y. Hirano, S. P. Hirshman, S. Ide, Y. In, P. Innocente, J. L. Jackson, S. Kiyama, S. F. Liu, Y. Q. Liu, D. Lòpez Bruna, R. Lorenzini, T. C. Luce, A. Luchetta, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, D. K. Mansfield, G. Marchiori, Marconato N., D. Marcuzzi, L. Marrelli, S. Martini, G. Matsunaga, E. Martines, G. Mazzitelli, K. McCollam, B. Momo, M. Moresco, S. Munaretto, L. Novello, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, R. Paccagnella, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, S. Peruzzo, A. Pesce, N. Pilan, R. Piovan, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, L. Piron, N. Pomaro, I. Predebon, M. Recchia, V. Rigato, A. Rizzolo, A.L. Roquemore, G. Rostagni, A. Ruzzon, H. Sakakita, R. Sanchez, J. S.Sarff, E. Sartori, F. Sattin, A. Scaggion, P. Scarin, W. Schneider, G. Serianni, P. Sonato, E. Spada, A. Soppelsa, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, D. A. Spong, G. Spizzo, M. Takechi, C. Taliercio, D. Terranova, C. Theiler, V. Toigo, G.L. Trevisan, M. Valente, M. Valisa, P. Veltri, M. Veranda, N. Vianello, F. Villone, Z.R. Wang, R. B. White, X. Y. Xu, P. Zaccaria, A. Zamengo, P. Zanca, B. Zaniol, L. Zanotto, E. Zilli, G. Zollino, and M. Zuin

Abstract

The RFX-mod fusion science program has made significant progress since the last 2010 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. The activities focused on the goal of exploring the fusion potential of the RFP magnetic configuration and that of contributing to the solution of key science and technology problems in the roadmap to ITER. Active control of several plasma parameters has been a key tool in this program. New upgrades on the system for active control of MHD stability are under way and will be presented here. Unique in the portfolio of existing fusion devices, RFX-mod has been operated both as a RFP and as a tokamak. The latter operation has allowed the exploration of qedge

Published
2012

48. Work programme 2012 Q3 next period activities

Author

M. Vanzetto, A. Sottocornola, P. Sonato, V. Toigo, P. Zaccaria, D. Marcuzzi, A. Fiorentin, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, N. Pomaro, M. Bigi, V. Antoni, G. Serianni, and G. Chitarin

Published
2012

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