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Aim: To study the effect of soil application and foliar spray of sulphur nutrient application in growth and development of black gram cultivation. Study Design: The Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) was used. The treatments of soil application of sulphur viz., No basal, Gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1, SOB @ 2 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray viz., No spray, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1on 30 DAS, K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS, pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS were used. Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during the Winter season (February – May) of 2022 at ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirugamani, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: The study consisted of 12 combination of treatments in FRBD which was replicated thrice. The black gram (Var. Vamban 8) was used for this study. The observations were recorded during the different phases of growth at regular intervals. Results: The experimental results revealed that the interaction effect of application of gypsum as basal along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 found to be superior and recorded significantly higher growth, yield and quality parameters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, SPAD value at 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS number of pods plant-1, number of seed pod-1, pod length, pod weight and sulphur content in seed. Gypsum as basal application along with foliar spray of pulse wonder + K2SO4 proved to be the best and increased the grain yield of 30% over the no basal application and no foliar spray. Thus application of gypsum @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal and foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha-1 on 30 DAS + K2SO4 @ 1% on 45 DAS could be recommended for improving the productivity of black gram.

Communities are characterized by the dominance of a few species, which are crucial for shaping communities. Bees compete for scarce resources, and offer an ideal system to study the effect of dominance on the diversity of bees. The effect of bee dominance is studied predominantly for the western honeybee, which can have negative effects in introduced sites. Solitary bees, stingless bees, native honeybees, and bumblebees can also be dominant on flowers. We test the hypothesis that dominance, regardless of the identity of the species, negatively influence diversity of bees on flowers. We analyzed 95,160 visits of 58 species of bees belonging to honeybees, solitary bees, and stingless bees on 59,211 flowers of 12 plant species across five years. Visitors were grouped into honeybees, solitary bees, and stingless bees. Proportion of the total abundance accounted by the most abundant species was considered as the estimate of dominance. Dominance negatively associated with richness and visitation rate of bees, but identity of bee functional group predicted the magnitude of the effects. Richness decreased with the dominance of honeybees and solitary bees, but not with the stingless bees. Visits of honeybees decreased when solitary bees dominated the visits. Visits of solitary bees decreased when honeybees or stingless bees dominated the flowers. We have shown that native bees of different functional groups can exert a similar negative effect on bee diversity in flowers like the invasive species do. Honeybees and stingless bees, though native in some parts, deteriorate bee diversity if augmented to ecosystems unnecessarily.

Coriandrum sativum and Allium sativumare belong to family alliaceae which is famous for its culinary and medicinal properties. These two sativum species’ seeds and cloves extracts are chosen to synthesize the cobalt oxide nanoparticles because it is eco- benign, secure as well as cost – effective method. The reducing sugar such as glucose which is present naturally in the extract used as reducing agent instead a harmful chemicals as reducing agent. The synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles using sativum species were characterization using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, EDAX and SEM. The optical absorption spectrum for Co3O4 nanoparticles are studied using UV–Visible spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of functional group in cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy was employed to analyze the morphology, it shows that synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles show different morphology, which depends on the nature of the extract and of the compound present the extract. The EDAX studies show that the presence of cobalt and oxygen elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. Photo - catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine B dye.

When the observations are not quantified and are known to be less than a threshold value, the concept of left censoring needs to be included in the analysis of such datasets. In many real multi component lifetime systems left censored data is very common. The usual assumption that components which are part of a system, work independently seems not appropriate in a number of applications. For instance it is more realistic to acknowledge that the working status of a component affects the remaining components. When you have left-censored data, it is more meaningful to use the reversed hazard rate, proposed as a dual to the hazard rate. In this paper, we propose a model for left-censored bivariate data incorporating the dependence enjoyed among the components, based on a dynamic bivariate vector reversed hazard rate proposed in Gurler (1996). The properties of the proposed model is studied. The maximum likelihood method of estimation is shown to work well for moderately large samples. The Bayesian approach to the estimation of parameters is also presented. The complexity of the likelihood function is handled through the Metropolis - Hastings algorithm. This is executed with the MH adaptive package in r. Different interval estimation techniques of the parameters are also considered. Applications of this model is demonstrated by illustrating the usefulness of the model in analyzing real data.

Roller dung beetles play a pivotal role in the nutrient distribution in soil and secondary dispersal of seeds. Dung beetles are sampled either using a dung-baited pitfall trap or an exposed dung pile on the ground. While the former method is useful for a rapid survey of dung beetles, information on the ecology and behaviour of dung beetles can be lost, which the latter method provides, but underestimates species diversity due to its inefficiency in trapping rollers. Efficiency of a new method for sampling rollers—installing guarding pitfall traps around dung piles—is assessed in three habitats—contiguous tropical rainforests, fragmented forests, and disturbed used home gardens—and two diel periods—day and night. Five guarding pitfall traps were installed at 50 cm radius around dung piles. About 98% of the total rollers were sampled in pitfall traps. The habitats were similar when the roller catches of only dung piles—conventional approach—were analyzed, but were different when the rollers of guarding pitfall traps were considered. The roller abundance was negatively affected by forest fragmentation and land-use change. About 98% of the rollers were collected at daytime. Using guarding pitfall traps around dung piles is highly recommended for dung beetle diversity studies.

Introduction: tracheal intubation and laryngoscopy are invariably associated with reflex sympathetic pressor responses resulting in elevated HR & BP. This may prove detrimental in preeclampsia patients. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of adding labetalol 0.5mg/kg IV to lignocaine 1.5mg/kg IV for attenuating increases in HR,SBP,DBP and MAP during laryngoscopy and intubation under general anaesthesia in parturients with preeclampsia posted for LSCS and to study the incident of any side effects. Materials and Methods: 60 patients with mild PIH presenting for LSCS, either elective or emergency, under GA were studied and randomly allocated to one of the two groups of 30 patients each. All patients were premedicated with inj glycopyrrolate 0.01mg/kg IV, inj fentanyl 1 µg/kg along with study drug labetalol 0.5mg/kg given 5minutes before laryngoscopy and intubation. Patients were induced with thiopentone 5mg/kg IV and succinylcholine 2mg/kg IV, preservative free lignocaine 1.5mg/kg IV given 2minutes before intubation. HR, SBP, DBP were recorded before and after intubation, at 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th minutes. Results: Rise in the HR,SBP,DBP,MAP were observed in both the groups at one minute following laryngoscopy and intubation and these responses persisted for about 3 minutes after which they returned towards basal values and below the baseline in case of group 1(labetalol with lignocaine) compared to group 2(lignocaine) in preeclampsia. Conclusions: Adding labetalol 0.5mg/kg IV to lignocaine 1.5mg/kg IV is effective in further attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in preeclampsia patients. Keywords: Attenuation, Intubation, Laryngoscopy, Lignocaine, Labetalol, Preeclampsia.

Dung beetles are diverse, cosmopolitan, and endemic to different biogeographic zones. But, their taxonomy and phylogeny is currently not well understood in the old-world tropics. Within the subfamily Scarabaeinae, Onthophagus is the most species rich and complex genus with 2189 species worldwide. India has approximately 400 species of dung beetles belonging to 30 genera. Based on morphology, the dung beetles of certain genera in Oriental and Afrotropical regions have been classified into Species Groups. Presently the genetic information of dung beetles of India is poorly represented in the databases, thus limiting knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships of the Indian fauna. In this study, we aimed to provide barcodes of 27 species belonging to Onthophagus and one species of Onitis and to examine whether the resulting phylogenetic tree complies with the Species Groups. Kimura 2 parameter model was used to measure genetic distance and Neighbour Joining method was used for the tree construction. The tree topology did not fully support the Species Groups of Onthophagus as other studies from the African region have noted. The DNA barcodes generated from this study can serve as a reference for future phylogenetic studies.

Urbanization drives land-use and patterns of biodiversity. Yet, very little is known about how biodiversity of structurally different habitats is responded to urbanization. We surveyed coprophagous dung beetles and their ecological functional groups-tunnellers, dwellers, and rollers-in shaded natural semi-evergreen forests of sacred groves and the neighbouring relatively open home gardens of sites that represent three levels of urbanization to address the following questions: (1) Do sacred groves have higher abundance, richness, and diversity of dung beetles than home gardens? (2) Is urbanization a key driver of dung beetle abundance, richness, diversity, and community? (3) Is dung beetle assemblage of sacred groves immune to urbanization? and (4) Which ecological functional groups of dung beetles are affected by urbanization? We hypothesized that the sacred groves have a distinct community, resulting in higher abundance, richness, and diversity of dung beetles than home gardens, and the dung beetle assemblage of sacred groves may be immune to urbanization. We sampled the beetles during wet and dry periods using cow dung as a bait. Against our predictions, dung beetle abundance, richness, and diversity were higher in used lands than sacred groves, particularly in urban landscapes. The two habitats had distinct compositions of dung beetles. Tunnellers and rollers were affected by urbanization, but not dwellers. Heliophilic and synanthropic species characterized by smaller species dominated overall catches in the used lands of urban areas. Results downplay sacred grove as a potential refuge for dung beetles and suggest that the biodiversity of native forests may be affected more by urbanization than the manipulated anthropogenic habitats.

Urbanization is a crucial driver of environmental and biodiversity change. It is suggested that urbanization favours generalist and invasive species and might harm specialists of natural and semi-natural habitats. In this study, we examined how an urbanization gradient and environmental gradients in the habitat area, habitat diversity, elevation, and proportion of built-up area influenced the abundance and richness of ants within tropical forest islet habitat in south India. We used abundance (proportional trap incidence) of overall ants, native ants, invasive ants, and Anoplolepis gracilipes-a globally notorious invasive ant of possible south Asian origin-and rarefied richness as the response variables. We found that native ant abundance was greater and A. gracilipes abundance was lesser in less-urbanized landscape compared to moderately-urbanized and highly-urbanized landscape. The richness of ants and abundance of overall and invasive ants were unaffected by the urbanization. We also found that none of the measured environmental gradients but habitat diversity influenced abundance of overall ants, native ants, overall invasive ants, and richness of ants; however, A. gracilipes abundance was negatively correlated with habitat diversity. Ant species composition of less-urbanized landscape was distinct from that of higher urbanization levels. The richness and abundance of native ants and abundance of non-A. gracilipes invasive ants decreased with the abundance of A. gracilipes. Because the forest islets of all three urbanization levels supported similar richness of native ants, the urbanization seems not to have an adverse effect for the native ants of native forest islets. The increasing population of A. gracilipes in urban green islets, however, is a concern. Future studies might investigate its effect on other invertebrates of epigeal and soil strata.

A low-complexity standard transmit diversity scheme for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frameworks is cyclic delay diversity (CDD). As the cyclic delay esteem expands the diversity effect also increases. However, the channel estimation turns out to be more troublesome because of increased frequency selectivity as the increased cyclic delay value. In this paper we discussed about dissimilar channel estimation schemes and to conclude we proposed a novel pilot-aided channel estimation scheme for CDD to estimate the channel in an enhanced way. Our scheme estimates each channel separately and achieves significant performance improvement.

Nowadays, network lifetime is an important factor in the wireless sensor network, and it produces due to a large amount of data communication between the nodes and less battery storage. To avoid this issue, a new paradigm called trust-based self-organized hierarchical energy balance routing protocol is proposed and it helps to solve the most important issues in wireless sensor networks such as security and storage. Here, trust denotes the energy level maintaining in each sensor node and transaction between its neighbor nodes and cluster heads. This trust-based self-organized hierarchical energy balance routing protocol helps to enhance the network lifetime to maintain the energy level of sensor node as well as drastically increase the packet delivery rate by increasing the number of nodes in the wireless networks.

The class of transmuted distributions has received a lot of attention in the recent statistical literature. In this paper, we propose a rich family of bivariate distribution whose condition...

The stochastic behaviour of lifetimes of a two component system is often primarily influenced by the system structure and by the covariates shared by the components. Any meaningful attempt to model the lifetimes must take into consideration the factors affecting their stochastic behaviour. In particular, for a load share system, we describe a reliability model incorporating both the load share dependence and the effect of observed and unobserved covariates. The model includes a bivariate Weibull to characterize load share, a positive stable distribution to describe frailty, and also incorporates effects of observed covariates. We investigate various interesting reliability properties of this model using cross ratio functions and conditional survivor functions. We implement maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters and discuss model adequacy and selection. We illustrate our approach using a simulation study. For a real data situation, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model that incorporates both load share and frailty effects over competing models that incorporate just one of these effects. An attractive and computationally simple cross-validation technique is introduced to reconfirm the claim. We conclude with a summary and discussion.

Background/Objective: Privacy is the vital issue when sharing of the data comes into picture. The demand and scope for privacy is increasing day-by-day as data storage techniques have emerged from standalone database to distributed database and then progressed to parallel databases. K-means and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) are the frequently used clustering algorithms for standalone database, distributed database and parallel databases. The current paper highlights Particle Swam Optimization algorithm along with Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm technique for preserving the privacy on distributed databases. Methods/Statistics Analysis: The experimentation is performed by means of the datasets accessible in the UCI machine-learning repository. The main benefit of the suggested technique is that, this technique will assess in terms of their privacy of cluster. Therefore, the technique plans to give improved visibility for the protected data. The technique is executed in the working platform of MATLAB and the effects will be examined to show the presentation of the suggested clustering technique. Findings: The performance of the proposed clustering technique based on privacy preserving is analyzed for accuracy and Database Different Ratio (DBDR) on six UCI medical related data sets namely Hugerian dataset, Cleveland data set, Reprocessed Hugerian data sets, Long Beach V.A data, BUPA and liver disorder data. Performance improvement observed in the range of 3%-6% on each of the six data sets compared to K-means algorithm. Application/Implementation: The main benefit of the suggested technique is that technique will have to assess in terms of their privacy of cluster. Therefore, the technique plans to give improved visibility for the protected data

Geopolymer is an aluminosilicate binding material synthesized by thermal activation of solid aluminosilicate base material such as GGBS and fly ash. Geopolymer concrete is produced due to alkalization of materials rich in aluminum and silicon with alkali solution, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Alkali solution was varied in different molar concentration with sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate ratio of 2.5. The effect of age on geopolymer binder cured at ambient temperature and microstructure of binder were studied. The material used in this study consists of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, alkaline liquid, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate and sisal fibre. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete and binder with or without the sisal fibre were determined. The durability tests such as acid attack test and chloride attack for various mix samples were also conducted.

Multiple Chronic disease are available especially Heart disease is the foremost reasons of death in modern world. Machine learning (ML) is useful for making conclusions and predictions based on a huge volume of data formed by the healthcare industry. The proposed approach uses machine learning techniques to find heart disease in this study. The prediction model, which employs classification techniques, is based on the Cleveland heart dataset. The Random Forest and Decision Tree machine learning techniques are used. This model for heart ailment with hybrid methodology has an accuracy level of 88.7%, according to experimental study. The boundary is determined as an input parameter from the user to predict heart disease using a Decision Tree method and Random Forest hybrid methodology.

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTSeveral authors have considered the analysis of load-sharing parallel systems. The main characteoristics of such a two-component system is that after the failure of one component, the surviving component has to shoulder extra load, and hence, it is more likely to fail earlier than would be expected under the original model. In other cases, the failure of one component may release extra resources to the other component, thus delaying the system failure. Freund introduced a bivariate extension of the exponential distribution, which is applicable to two-component load-sharing systems. It is based on the assumption that the lifetime distributions of the components are exponential random variables before and after the change. In this article, we introduce a new class of bivariate distribution using the proportional hazard model. It is observed that the bivariate model proposed by Freund is a particular case of our model. We study different properties of the proposed model. Different statistica...

L-moments are expectations of linear combinations of order statistics, their use in reliability analysis has been established. In the present paper we study L-moments in relation to income inequality measures. Models characterized by functional relationships between L-moments and income inequality measures are studied. Finally, we define the ordering based on L-moments and study its implications on other existing orderings.