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At present, postpartum hemorrhage is still an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. When medical therapy has no success, conservative surgical procedures are applied before making a hysterectomy. Three transverse sutures are applied to the entire uterine wall both to the right and the left side of the uterus. Our technique has been applied to 4 women with postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. Bleeding was stopped immediately by compressive sutures. The four patients had normal menstruation cycles after delivery and had new pregnancies. No woman had postoperative complications. Uterus compressive suture is an effective alternative to hysterectomy to treat postpartum hemorrhage secondary to atony. This is a simple and quick procedure that preserves fertility.

Abdominal scar recurrence of endometrial carcinoma after abdominal total hysterectomy is very rare. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who had two recurrences in the abdominal incisional scar after total hysterectomy.A 65-year-old woman underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy because of well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma (Stage IIB). Thus, the patient was treated by external beam radiotherapy. She developed two recurrences in the abdominal incisional scar two and three years after total hysterectomy, respectively. Surgery plus chemotherapy and surgery plus hormonal therapy were used for treatment of the first and second scar recurrence, respectively.It is a very intriguing and controversial biologic question how neoplastic cells can implant and grow in an abdominal scar without other concomitant metastases. We report a review of the literature and the possible mechanism of recurrences in laparotomy wounds.

The term female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin "FATWO" designs this tumor wich arises by the rare persisting remnants of the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct). About 40 cases have been reported in literature. Few cases of recurrence have been reported, FATWO usually shows no signs of hormonal activity. We report a case of the youngest patient affected by FATWO in October 2002. At laparotomy the left adnexa were deformed by a well-capsulated mass, totally removed and sent to the pathologist with a specimen of peritoneal fluid and of the omentum. The histological examination showed a prevalent tubular structure with focal retiform area, without intraluminal mucines. Immunohistochemical findings of the case reported are similar to those described by other authors, except for inhibin which has not been detected by us. The cytofluorimetry showed the low presence of aneuploid cells, with a very low prolifing component (1%).

To assess CA-125 in defining tumor response in patients treated with paclitaxel.We analyzed 150 women treated for epithelial ovarian carcinoma with platinum or paclitaxel. We compared the patients treated with two agents, using a precise definition of CA-125 response, determined by 50% and 75% reductions, like other authors have published.CA-125 criteria gave response rates very similar to the standard response rates, both for patients treated with platinum (75% vs 63%) and also for those treated with paclitaxel (40% vs 39%). Rates of false-positive prediction of response by CA-125 were also similar for patients treated with these two agents.Precise 50% or 75% CA-125 response criteria are as sensitive as standard criteria for assessing activity of therapy for the ovarian cancers treated with platinum or paclitaxel. We propose that they may be useful in defining response in lieu of or in addition to standard response criteria in clinical trials involving epithelial ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of AGUS (atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance), ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) and SIL (squamous intraepithelial lesion) in the cytologic diagnosis in pre- and postmenopausal women.We did a retrospective study selecting 183 patients who were screened for cervical pathology. Ninety-six patients were in postmenopausal age. We determined the incidence of cytologic abnormalities defined as ASCUS, SIL, and AGUS in pre- and postmenopausal women.We expected a marked incidence of low-grade SILs in the fertile population, while the postmenopausal group was thought to be affected more by AGUS and ASCUS. We obtained different results. In our population study, premenopausal women presented more AGUS and ASCUS; the two subgroups presented the same incidence of low-grade SILs; postmenopausal women were more affected by high-grade SILs.The significance of the new categories introduced by the Bethesda System is still uncertain for different authors. As we look to the future new markers that more specifically identify individuals at-risk can be expected.

To evaluate the efficacy of five methods: pelvic examination (PE), transvaginal ultrasonography (US), Doppler ultrasonography, serum CA125 assay and serum CA72-4 assay, alone or associated, to predict malignancy in patients presenting a pelvic mass originating in the ovary.92 patients underwent a standard protocol for physical examination, CA125, CA72-4, transvaginal ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography.Eighteen women were dropped from the study because they had clearly benign masses; two women were dropped from the study because they had clearly malignant lesions. Twenty-two malignant (30%) and 50 benign (70%) pelvic tumors were found. When one method was considered alone the best sensitivity (SENS) was found in physical examination (90%) and the best specificity (SPEC) was found in CA72-4: 88%. If all indicators were positive, the SPEC was 100% but the SENS was 40%. Logistic regression analysis prediction of the character of the pelvic masses was correct in 86%.Some additional information to discriminate between malignant and benign pelvic masses can be obtained from the valuation of serum tumor markers, particularly CA72-4. Also Doppler ultrasonography appeared to be useful in the differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors. The prediction of the character of the pelvic masses calculated by a logistic model in which PE, US, CA 125, and CA72-4 are included is very good.

To determine the toxicity and the response rate of a three-hour paclitaxel infusion and carboplatin administered as outpatient treatment for stage III and IV epithelial ovarian cancer.Forty-three patients with stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer underwent cytoreductive surgery and then received paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 over 3-hr infusion and carboplatin AUC5 every 21 days for six cycles. Elegible patients had adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic function; G-CSF was recommended if white cell count fell under 3,000/mm3.No patients had hypersensivity reactions; 15 out of 43 patients (35%) required colony-stimulating factors, 39 patients (91%) had general alopecia, three patients (7%) had severe emesis, 20 patients (46%) had mild emesis, four patients (9%) had severe myalgias, eight patients (18%) had moderate myalgias, one patient (2%) had grade 3 neurotoxicity. Three patients experienced grade 3 thrombocytopenia (7%). At a median follow-up of 29 months, 32 of 43 patients are alive (74%). Median progression-free survival is 14 months. Median overall survival has not been reached.Three-hour infusion paclitaxel and carboplatin is an effective and safe outpatient therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.

The purpose of our studies has been that to individualize the in partnership factors of risk to infection Herpes Simplex Virus-Type 2 in pregnant women and to appraise the role of the job in such context.A champion of 79 pregnant women with infection from HSV-2 has responded to a questionnaire regarding the appearance of the infection, her own job and the degree of stress, if they used services hygienic public.In this champion of pregnant women 63% they are workers. Of these the 85% they introduced signs of a reinfection. For the housewives in 67% there was a reinfection. 84% of the housewives it uses services hygienic privacies. The infection from HSV has appeared in 28.5% of the been born by women with first infection from HSV genitalis, and in 12.5% of the been born by women with reinfection from HSV.The women that work are mostly to risk of reinfection, they have more evident troubles. This is consequence of a style of life that contemplates a state of superior stress and a great tiredness from the same and of the appearance of vulvo-vaginal infections sustained by microorganisms transmitted through the hygienic services.

The aim of this study is to define the role of the intestinal removal for the therapy of ovarian cancer in advanced stadium.We have examined 247 females with epithelial ovarian cancer in advanced stadium, that had intestinal removal.The survival in the females that had a very good intestinal removal is greatest than in the females that hadn't a very good intestinal removal.

The aim of this study is to investigate similitudis and differences between the Meigs' syndrome and Meigs' pseudosyndrom. The Meigs' syndrome is an uncommon disease that is characterized by benign ovarian tumor, ascites and pleural effusion. The Meigs' pseudosyndrom is a serious disease that is characterized by malignant ovarian tumor, ascites, pleural effusion.We have examined two cases: a case of Meigs' syndrome that is characterized by vomit, abdominal pain, ascites, height serum Ca 125 level; a case of Meigs' pseudosyndrom that is characterized by ovarian adenocarcinoma that is diagnosticated owing to ascites and pleural effusion.This study suggest that the surgical therapy have a very important role for the complete remission of the disease in the Meigs' syndrome and for the remission of ascites and pleural effusion in the Meigs' pseudosyndrom.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cytoriductive surgical in females with ovarian carcinoma in advanced stadium, and to define the role of this surgical for the survival of females with hepatic metastases.This is a retrospective study. 164 females with ovarian cancer in IV stadium was examined. 64 females had hepatic metastasis. All patients had cytoriductive surgical.The survival in the patients without hepatic metastasis was 38 months if the cytoreduction was very good; it was 18.3 months if there is residual disease. The survival in the patients with hepatic metastasis was 50.1 months if the cytoreduction was very good; it was 27 months if there is residual disease.A very good surgical is very important for the survival of patients with ovarian cancer in advanced stadium. This is true also in the patients with hepatic metastases.

Purpose of the study is to identify the correct attitude that the obstetrician must engage in the management of pregnancy and birth in case of IUGR. Different methods of diagnosis and therapy of IUGR and the formalities of assistance to the birth have been examined and compared. Accurate clinical examinations of the mother, the study of fetal kariotype and ultrasonography, are essential for the diagnosis of IUGR. The genetic study could be performed by collecting chorionic villi, amniocentesis, cordocentesis or placenta biopsy. Ultrasonography identifies the cases of IUGR, and distinguishes early IUGR from late IUGR. Color Doppler identifies the pathology of the flow in the umbilical artery, in the abdominal aorta and in the middle cerebral artery. After the 26th week, the follow-up of the fetus with IUGR is done with cardiotocography with or without acoustic stimulation or oxytocin. The amelioration of maternal conditions is obtained by avoiding the cigarette smoking, preferring to rest in bed and a balanced feeding; the hyperoxygenation doesn't find unanimous consent. The treatment off IUGR can consist of abdominal decompression, intra-abdominal infusion of amniotic liquid, or use of aspirin. The birth is carried out in the hospital, when the fetus has reached a sufficient maturity. The management of IUGR requires an accurate follow-up and an adequate antepartum therapy. The goal is a birth with less risk.

In this study the use of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) as tumor marker for ovarian cancer is evaluated.Serum samples were obtained from 74 patients, 43 of these were affected by ovarian carcinoma and 31 by benign ovarian tumors. The M-CSF levels were assayed with an ELISA method and compared with those of 148 healthy women. CA 125 levels were also evaluated.In healthy women the M-CSF levels were 770.4 +/- 145.9 U/ml, the upper limit of normal level was considered 1056 U/ml. Serum M-CSF levels were significantly high in patients with ovarian cancer (1425.3 +/- 1007.1 U/ml; p0.001) and in 29 of the 43 patients exceeded the limit of 1056 U/ml. No differences were observed among the histologic types. There were no significant differences between patients with benign ovarian pathology and healthy women. No definite relationship was found with CA 125, but evaluating at the same time M-CSF and CA 125 positive results were found in 95.3% of cases.Therefore M-CSF can be considered a marker for ovarian cancer, and the assay of its serum levels can be particularly useful in association with those of CA 125.

Some authors have described the presence of circulating heparin-like anticoagulants; these substances are frequently associated with neoplastic pathology. Personal experience proves that this pathology of coagulation may be present also in pregnancy. The clinical case of a primipara, nullipara pregnant woman twenty-eight years aged is described; the case history showed that the patient presented circulating heparin-like substances. During this study, routine biochemical examinations were within normal limits as well as the coagulation tests. In the course of this experience, coagulation anomalies and hemorrhagic episodes in the intraoperative and postoperative period were not observed.

The increasing use of analogs of Gn-RH during treatment of some benign gynaecological diseases, has induced the authors to investigate the principal collateral effects, fixing one's attention on the loss of bony mass.This perspective research has considered 38 patients selected for two diseases "endometriosis" and "uterine fibromyomatosis". The therapy has been effected with triptorelin intramuscularly in a dose of 3.75 mg every 28 days for six months, in all six phials.After a half-yearly cycle of therapy, the loss of bony mass was valued about 3% medium.In the light of other studies too, it was decided to confirm the necessity of associating other medicines able to prevent the side effects caused by their analogs of Gn-RH.

Specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are currently implicated as etiologic agent of benign and malignant lesions of the genital tract. Previous studies highlighted the presence of early proteins (ICSP 11/12) of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) mainly in HPV infected lesions of the cervix. This paper reports a retrospective study on the clinical course of benign cervical alterations in a 70 women population followed-up for 24 months. HPV and HSV-2 (late and early) antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase; HPV 6/11 and 16/18 were identified by in situ hybridization. All CIN III, vs only one CIN I progressed. The majority of regressions (55%) was CIN I, and 61% was characterized by the negativization of viral markers. There was a cyclic and/or chronic expression of viral antigens in progressed and persistent cases (67% and 53%, respectively). Furthermore, a significant correlation between progression and the presence of ICSP 11/12 protein has been found (89% of cases). The simultaneous detection of ICSP 11/12 and HPV 16/18 in 78% of progressed, and in 13% of persistent lesions was noteworthy. This association (ICSP 11/12 and HPV DNA 16/18) may be considered as a risk factor for progression of the lesions, and supports the hypothesis of a synergism of both viruses in the natural history of cervical cancer: the continuous expression of ICSP 11/12 during herpetic recurrences might act as a mutagenic factor in HPV infected tissues.

Treatment of ectropion of the portio presents numerous applicational problems, not least the psychological one of the woman who often refuses to carry out DTC because she considers it painful and it involves long periods of sexual inactivity. The possibility of using amniotic membranes to rapidly stimulate re-epithelization of ectropion of the portion of dimensions greater than 0.5 cm is examined.

Thirty-two diabetic patients with vaginal candidiasis were treated orally with 400 mg ketoconazole once daily for five days. At the end of the treatment period symptoms had disappeared and cultures for Candida were negative in 18 patients; a total of 28 reported improved symptoms. One month later 15 patients were still negative for Candida and 24 showed improved symptoms. The remaining 8 repeated the course of treatment; 6 became negative while 2 cases remained refractory to treatment. It was concluded that these encouraging results and low relapse rates indicate ketoconazole as a drug of first choice for candidiasis in patients with predisposing conditions such as diabetes.