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During the research we conducted an experimental study and numerical simulation of ferromagnetic nanoparticles transport behavior in a constant magnetic field. The growth dynamics of nanoparticle deposits on channel walls was studied depending on the Reynolds number and the intensity of the magnetic field. We obtained flow pattern, the concentration field and the trajectory of nanoparticles depending on the Reynolds number. The simulation results were compared with data from experiments. There was good qualitative and quantitative agreement between calculation and experiment.

Objectives: The aim of this observational clinical study was to evaluate the success of angiographic selective venous sampling (ASVS) in locating parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), in whom the other imaging modalities have failed, and and to evaluate its possible contribution to the applicability of minimal invasive surgery., Material and Methods: Fifty-five patients who were admitted to our hospital's General Surgery department between January 2012 and January 2015 for PHPT in whom ultrasound and sestamibi scintigraphy have failed to localize the diseased gland were included to the study. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent ASVS and those who did not. The outcomes of patients were reviewed retrospectively., Results: Among 55 patients, 20 underwent ASVS. ASVS successfully lateralized the diseased gland in 17 (85%) patients, and minimally invasive parathyroidectomy could be performed in 14 (70%) patients. The cut-off value of parathormon gradient was considered 10% for lateralization and the accuracy of ASVS in lateralization was 94.1%. In 11 (59%) patients, the superior-inferior discrimination could be achieved in addition to lateralization., Conclusion: ASVS has a high sensitivity in locating the diseased gland in patients with PHPT in whom ultrasound and sestamibi scan have failed, and thereby, rendering the performance of minimally invasive surgery possible. Further studies may reveal the role of ASVS in providing useful information about not only lateralization but also the superior-inferior discrimination., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020, Turkish Surgical Society.)

Background: Missed diaphragmatic injuries after trauma may present with herniation of intraabdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. We aimed to review our patients who presented with delayed posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia., Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with delayed diagnosis of posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia between 2001 and 2009 was performed., Results: Ten patients with a mean age of 44.3 years were included. Six patients were female. Blunt injuries (n: 7) were more common. Mean duration between trauma and presentation to the hospital was 5.9 years (4 months - 19 years). Nine patients had left-sided diaphragmatic hernia. All patients had chest X-ray and most were diagnostic (n: 8). Additional diagnostic imaging with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) was used in seven patients. For the repair, laparotomy incision was chosen for seven patients and thoracotomy incision for two patients. One patient underwent left thoracoabdominal approach. Mesh repair was used in seven patients. Postoperative mean hospitalization was 10.6 days. Empyema and atelectasis were the morbidities in one patient. No postoperative mortality was detected., Conclusion: Delayed presentation of posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a serious challenge for trauma surgeons. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevent serious morbidity and mortality associated with complications such as gangrene and/or perforation of the herniated organ.

Infection is the major and important complication of spinal instrumentation generally requiring removal of the implant. Although findings of infection usually appear within a few months after operation, they may appear even after few years in some cases. A case with delayed postoperative infection 6 years after surgery is reported. A 27-year-old female with purulent flow from her anterolateral skin incision scar was diagnosed as delayed spinal infection 6 years after anterior and posterior combined spinal instrumentation performed for treatment of giant cell tumor of L3 vertebral body. Staphylococcus aureus was detected from purulent flow. Infection was treated by removal of the implant and antibiotherapy. Spinal infection after instrumentation may appear even a few years later. Patients must therefore be carefully followed for a long time. Staphylococcus aureus can stay silent for a long time.

Effects of high-intensity ultrasonication on functional and structural properties of aqueous bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions were investigated. The functional properties of BSA were altered by ultrasonication. Surface activity of BSA increased. Minimal changes were observed in the global structure of BSA but surface charge increased particularly at basic pH values (e.g. pH>9). While dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that the particle size increased up to 3.4 times after 90 min of sonication, no significant increase in the oligomeric state of BSA using blue native PAGE was observed. The amount of free sulfhydryl groups in BSA after 90 min of sonication decreased. The increased particle size and decreased number of free sylfhydryl groups may be attributed to formation of protein aggregates. Surface hydrophobicity increased and circular dichroism spectroscopy and FTIR analysis indicated changes in the secondary structure of BSA. We hypothesize that mechanical, thermal and chemical effects of ultrasonication resulted in structural changes in BSA that altered the functional properties of the macromolecule which may be attributed to the formation of an ultrasonically induced state that differs from a thermally, mechanically or solvent induced state.

Main Problem: There are only a few cases reported with non-contiguous spinal tuberculosis in the literature. Most of these patients have only two non-contiguous lesions, and in almost all of these cases, surgical treatment is required., Methods: A 17-year-old girl with non-contiguous multifocal spinal tuberculosis involving cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar and sacral segments is reported. The patient presented with systemic tuberculosis symptoms and signs, and progressive paraparesis., Results: The patient was treated with antituberculous drug therapy and was operated twice for thoracolumbar and cervical spinal lesions. She made an excellent neurological recovery., Conclusions: In the patients with non-contiguous spinal involvement, there is a high percentage of requirement of surgical treatment. This may be due to "fulminant" behaviour of the disease in these patients. Early surgical treatment of the cases with large abscesses and systemic tuberculosis may provide early improvement, and must probably be the first treatment modality after general support to the patient.

Background: Significant elevations of serum sialic acid level have been documented in various diseases including in a variety of central nervous system disorders. But, in head injury, there is no any study on the serum and brain tissue sialic acid levels. So, we planned an experimental study to evaluate serum and brain tissue sialic acid levels in head injury., Methods: Marmarou's impact-acceleration model was used in rats to produce diffuse brain injury. Rats were divided into equal three groups. In Group I, 450 g weight was fell from 1 m height to heads of subjects, and from 2 m in Group II. Group III was control group. Sialic acid levels were measured in both sera and brain tissue supernatants after trauma., Results: It was observed that serum sialic acid level was decreased according to the severity and period of trauma increased; and there was no change in brain tissue sialic acid levels., Conclusion: Serum sialic acid level might be used as a marker to show the degree of diffuse brain injury.

A laparotomy was performed on a 44-year-old male patient with an acute abdomen who had findings suggestive of acute appendicitis and a periappendicular abscess. A histopathological examination revealed a carcinoid tumor infiltrating the intestinal serosa. The distal ileum and cecum were infiltrated with more than 40 multifocal tumors, with the largest measuring 1 cm in size. The distal ileum and cecum were resected. We failed to find any distant metastases either peroperatively or during postoperative scintigraphic tests. In addition, the patient had no symptoms of carcinoid syndrome either before or after surgery. No recurrence was experienced. We thus conclude that primary multifocal carcinoid tumors may act as a solitary carcinoid tumor, and the largest tumor tends to indicate the overall clinical outcome.

Inappropriate expression of the c-erb B2 gene has been associated with aggressive tumor behavior in breast cancer. In this study the c-erb B2 amplification was investigated both in the tumors and benign breast tissue of the patients by competitive PCR. The technique combines the sensitivity and speed of PCR with coamplification of a single copy reference gene to achieve quantitative results. Gene copy numbers in excess of 3 copies were observed in tumors of 7 patients but not in the normal tissue samples. We conclude that the increase in the gene copy numbers is a result of the tumorigenic changes occurring in the cancer cell.