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4. Invasive axis deer and wild boar in a protected area in Argentina, controlled hunting, and Taylor's law.

Author

Gürtler, R. E. and Cohen, J. E.

Abstract

Context: Spatial and temporal variability in population density tends to increase with an increasing mean density, as widely documented by Taylor's law (TL) of fluctuation scaling. A management program based on local hunters has been used to control invasive wild boar and axis deer in a protected area of north-eastern Argentina since 2006. Aim: We determine the effects of species (boar or deer), hunting shift (diurnal, overnight), human disturbance (by comparing one section open for public use, one not) and time scale (one- versus three-month periods) on the values of the parameters of TL, and consider both its spatial and temporal forms. Methods: Park management collected data on the hunting efforts and harvest of 6104 hunting parties shooting from elevated blinds from 2006 to 2015. The log-transformed sample means and variances of four indices of relative abundance were computed for each period and blind, and analysed through least-squars linear regression and ANCOVA. Key results: Axis deer satisfied the spatial TL by all four indices, but wild boar had a significantly non-linear relationship for crude catch per unit effort (CP–UE) only. In the spatial TL, the slope b did not deviate significantly from 1 when using crude or standardised catch per hunting-party session or standardised CPUE, but b was substantially >1 for crude CPUE in both species (range, 1.307–1.434). Human disturbance, hunting shift, and time scale did not significantly modify the parameters of the spatial TL, except in two cases. All metrics at identified blinds over consecutive trimesters confirmed the temporal TL. Wild boar crude catch was 43% greater in the restricted zone of greater conservation value, whereas axis deer catch was 60% greater in the public-use zone. Conclusions: With rare exceptions, TL describes well the mean and variance of four metrics of abundance of wild boar and axis deer under sustained hunting pressure. This paper may be the first to demonstrate the connection of TL with any aspect of vertebrate pest control. Implications: TL identifies key zones with a high mean and high variance of ungulate density for targeted control, and can be used to attain fixed-precision estimates of abundance through sequential sampling. Exotic wild boar and axis deer became overabundant in many parts of the world. Taylor's law described well the spatial and temporal variability in their abundance under controlled hunting in a protected area of north-eastern Argentina. The protected area was divided into a restricted- and public-use section. Taylor's law identifies key zones for targeted control, and can be used for sequential sampling. Photograph by Gabriela Nicosia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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6. International Round-Robin Study on the Ames Fluctuation Test

Author

Reifferscheid, G., Maes, H. M., Allner, B., Badurova, J., Belkin, S., Bluhm, K., Brauer, F., Bressling, J., Domeneghetti, S., Elad, T., Flückiger-Isler, S., Grummt, H. J., Gürtler, R., Hecht, A., Heringa, M. B., Hollert, H., Huber, S., Kramer, M., Magdeburg, A., Ratte, H. T., Sauerborn-Klobucar, R., Sokolowski, A., Soldan, P., Smital, T., Stalter, D., Venier, P., Ziemann, Chr., Zipperle, J., and Buchinger, S.

Published
2012
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9. Safety evaluation of certain food additives

Author

Barlow, S., Bend, J., Benford, D., Cantrill, R., Dessipri, E., Dinovi, M., Folmer, D., Mattia, A., Mueller, U., Orisakwe, O. E., Smith, J., Veerabhadra Rao, M., Yoon, H. J., Andersen, J. H., Barrows, J. N., Boon, P., Bruno, A., Choi, M., Dejager, L., Fallico, B., Fan, Y., Fattori, V., Gürtler, R., Hallstrom, H., Jia, X., Kim, S., Lambré, C., Laurvick, K., Leblanc, J. C., Lipp, M., Muldoon Jacobs, K., Mulholland, C., Odrowaz, J., Petersen, K., Rosenfeld, L., Rotstein, J., Sheffer, M., Srinivasan, J. R., Tada, A., Tritscher, A., Umemura, T., Yamamoto, R., Yang, X., and Zhang, L.

Published
2019

14. Evaluation of certain food additives: eighty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

Author

Barlow, S., Bend, J., Benford, D., Cantrill, R., Dessipri, E., Dinovi, M., Folmer, D., Mattia, A., Mueller, U., Orisakwe, O. E., Smith, J., Veerabhadra Rao, M., Yoon, H. J., Andersen, J. H., Barrows, J. N., Boon, P., Bruno, A., Choi, M., Dejager, L., Fallico, B., Fan, Y., Fattori, V., Gürtler, R., Hallstrom, H., Jia, X., Kim, S., Lambré, C., Laurvick, K., Leblanc, J. C., Lipp, M., Muldoon Jacobs, K., Mulholland, C., Odrowaz, J., Petersen, K., Rosenfeld, L., Rotstein, J., Sheffer, M., Srinivasan, J. R., Tada, A., Tritscher, A., Umemura, T., Yamamoto, R., Yang, X., and Zhang, L.

Subjects
BRILLIANT BLUE FCF, 15'-DIOXYGENASE ACTIVITYT, FD-AND-C, CAROTENE 15, CAROTENE 15,15'-DIOXYGENASE ACTIVITYT
Published
2017

15. Compendium of food additive specifications, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 84th Meeting 2017

Author

Barlow, S., Bend, J., Benford, D., Cantrill, R., Dessipri, E., Dinovi, M., Folmer, D., Mattia, A., Mueller, U., Orisakwe, O. E., Smith, J., Veerabhadra Rao, M., Yoon, H. J., Andersen, J. H., Barrows, J. N., Boon, P., Bruno, A., Choi, M., Dejager, L., Fallico, B., Fan, Y., Fattori, V., Gürtler, R., Hallstrom, H., Jia, X., Kim, S., Lambré, C., Laurvick, K., Leblanc, J. C., Lipp, M., Muldoon Jacobs, K., Mulholland, C., Odrowaz, J., Petersen, K., Rosenfeld, L., Rotstein, J., Sheffer, M., Srinivasan, J. R., Tada, A., Tritscher, A., Umemura, T., Yamamoto, R., Yang, X., and Zhang, L.

Subjects
food additives, safety, impact assessment
Published
2017

16. Acute Leukemia and Nonspecific Killer Cells

Author

Milleck, J., Jantscheff, P., Thränhardt, H., Schöntube, M., Gürtler, R., Seifart, D., Pasternak, G., Heimpel, H., editor, Huhn, D., editor, Mueller-Eckhardt, C., editor, Ruhenstroth-Bauer, G., editor, Neth, Rolf, editor, Gallo, Robert C., editor, Graf, Thomas, editor, Mannweiler, Klaus, editor, and Winkler, Kurt, editor

Published
1981
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18. Bücherschau

Author

Busse, E., Hahnemann, H. W., Schlosser, I., Magnus, K., Fröhlich, H., de Beauclair, W., Tönnies, Chr, Strscheletzky, M., Gürtler, R., Rose, A., Wellinger, K., Hörig, H., Schoen, J., and Bühning, P. G.

Published
1958
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28. CO2-Messung beim spontanatmenden Probanden mit und ohne Sauerstoffapplikation

Author

Gürtler, R. (Dr.), Kochs, Eberhard (Prof. Dr.), Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.), Herberger, Susanne, Gürtler, R. (Dr.), Kochs, Eberhard (Prof. Dr.), Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.), and Herberger, Susanne

Abstract

Die CO2-Messung ist ein wichtiges nicht invasives Überwachungsverfahren zur Beurteilung von Atmung, Kreislauf und Stoffwechsel. Untersuchungen zur CO2- Messung bei gleichzeitiger Sauerstoffapplikation liegen beim spontanatmenden Patienten bisher nicht vor. Für die Studie wurde an Probanden die Durchführbarkeit der CO2-Messung bei fünf unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffapplikationsverfahren untersucht. Mit Hilfe arterieller Blutgasanalysen wurden die in der Ausatemluft gemessenen CO2-Werte mit den CO2- Werten im Blut verglichen. Wir konnten zeigen, dass es möglich ist, CO2-Messungen beim spontanatmenden Probanden unter gleichzeitiger Sauerstoffgabe durchzuführen. Es zeigten sich jedoch Unterschiede in der Verwertbarkeit der Messungen bei den verschiedenen Applikationsverfahren., CO2 measurement is an important noninvasive monitoring procedure to estimate respiration, circulation and metabolism. Currently there are no further studies measuring CO2 values at spontaneous breathing patients during concurrent oxygen application who have been published yet. This study tested the feasibility of CO2 –measurement at test persons with five different types of oxygen application procedures. Scope oft the study contains a comparison of the arterial blood gas analysis of carbon dioxide versus CO2 values from the probands exhaled-air. As a main result we could expose to accomplish CO2-measuring, at spontaneous-breathing test persons under a fluent concurrent oxygen application. However, we observed some differences in the usability of the measurements with the various application procedures.

Published
2008

29. CO2-Messung beim spontanatmenden Probanden mit und ohne Sauerstoffapplikation

Author

Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.);Gürtler, R. (Dr.), Kochs, Eberhard (Prof. Dr.);Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.), Herberger, Susanne, Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.);Gürtler, R. (Dr.), Kochs, Eberhard (Prof. Dr.);Hipp, R. (Prof. Dr.), and Herberger, Susanne

Abstract

Die CO2-Messung ist ein wichtiges nicht invasives Überwachungsverfahren zur Beurteilung von Atmung, Kreislauf und Stoffwechsel. Untersuchungen zur CO2- Messung bei gleichzeitiger Sauerstoffapplikation liegen beim spontanatmenden Patienten bisher nicht vor. Für die Studie wurde an Probanden die Durchführbarkeit der CO2-Messung bei fünf unterschiedlichen Sauerstoffapplikationsverfahren untersucht. Mit Hilfe arterieller Blutgasanalysen wurden die in der Ausatemluft gemessenen CO2-Werte mit den CO2- Werten im Blut verglichen. Wir konnten zeigen, dass es möglich ist, CO2-Messungen beim spontanatmenden Probanden unter gleichzeitiger Sauerstoffgabe durchzuführen. Es zeigten sich jedoch Unterschiede in der Verwertbarkeit der Messungen bei den verschiedenen Applikationsverfahren., CO2 measurement is an important noninvasive monitoring procedure to estimate respiration, circulation and metabolism. Currently there are no further studies measuring CO2 values at spontaneous breathing patients during concurrent oxygen application who have been published yet. This study tested the feasibility of CO2 –measurement at test persons with five different types of oxygen application procedures. Scope oft the study contains a comparison of the arterial blood gas analysis of carbon dioxide versus CO2 values from the probands exhaled-air. As a main result we could expose to accomplish CO2-measuring, at spontaneous-breathing test persons under a fluent concurrent oxygen application. However, we observed some differences in the usability of the measurements with the various application procedures.

Published
2008

30. Factors limiting the domestic density of Triatoma infestans in north-west Argentina: a longitudinal study

Author

Cecere, M. C., Gürtler, R. E., Chuit, R., and Cohen, J. E.

Subjects
Adult, Population Density, Family Characteristics, Insecticides, animal structures, Argentina, Insect Control, Dogs, parasitic diseases, Nitriles, Pyrethrins, Housing, Linear Models, Animals, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Triatoma, Child, Research Article
Abstract

Reported are the environmental and demographic risk factors associated with the domestic infestation and density of Triatoma infestans in three heavily infested rural villages in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. In a one-factor unadjusted analysis, the number of T. infestans captured per person-hour was associated significantly and negatively with the use of domestic insecticides by householders, type of thatch used in the roofs and the age of the house; and positively with the following: degree of cracking of the indoor walls and presence of hens nesting indoors. In one model, using multiple linear regression and a backward stepwise elimination procedure, most of the variation in the overall abundance of T. infestans was explained by insecticide use and the presence of hens nesting indoors; in another model using the same procedure it was explained by insecticide use, bug density in 1988 and previous spraying with deltamethrin in 1985. Variations in bug density per capture stratum (household goods, beds, walls and roof) were explained by the bug density in other strata and by one or two of the following risk factors: hens nesting indoors, type of roof, presence of cracks in the walls and number of people living in the house. Bug density might be locally controlled by the availability of refuges in the roofs and walls, by the presence of hens nesting indoors and by the use of domestic insecticides. Certain local materials, such as a grass known as simbol, could be successfully used in rural housing improvement programmes aimed at reducing the availability of refuges for insects in the roof.

Published
1998

35. Detecting domestic vectors of Chagas disease: a comparative trial of six methods in north-west Argentina

Author

Gürtler, R. E., Chuit, R., Cecere, M. C., and Castañera, M. B.

Subjects
Population Density, Argentina, Housing, Animals, Humans, Chagas Disease, Prospective Studies, Triatoma, Entomology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Research Article
Abstract

Six methods for detecting domestic infestations by triatomine bugs were compared in the rural community of Amamá, north-west Argentina. An average of three pairs (range, 2-5 pairs) of sensor boxes and sheets of pink typing-paper were tacked to the walls of human sleeping areas in 45 houses for 30 days and then inspected by a two-man team. Triatoma infestans bugs were collected in bedrooms by a different two-man team aided by a flushing-out agent both before and after application of sensing devices. Finally, knockdown collections of bugs after application of one insecticide fumigant canister per bedroom were also made. The proportion of houses with evidence of current domestic bug infestations that were detected by the various methods were as follows: sensor boxes (95.3%), reports of householders (88.4%), knockdown (87.8%), paper-sheets (86.0%), and flushing-out (69.8-76.7%). The detectability of infestations, irrespective of the method used, increased with the density of the bugs. At low or intermediate bug densities, individual sensor boxes were more sensitive than their matched paper-sheets, but at any bug density there were no significant differences between the pooled results for all the boxes and for all the paper-sheets in the house. On average, each sensor box recorded 2.25 times more triatomine faecal smears than its matched paper-sheet, and this relation increased with the density of bugs in the house. Both sensing devices were effective at monitoring unsuccessful attempts of peridomestic triatomine populations to colonize houses.

Published
1995

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