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MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty dentine specimens obtained from freshly extracted impacted third molars were included and divided into four groups. Group I served as the control, whereas Group II, Group III, and Group IV recieved Er:YAG laser (30?Hz, 60?mJ/pulse, 10?sec), a desensitizing paste (DP) containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate, and DP+Er:YAG laser in combination, respectively, evaluated under SEM.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of Er:YAG laser and an in-office desensitizing paste alone or in combination by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.BACKGROUND DATA: Various treatment modalities have been proposed for dentin hypersensitivity, but to date, no single agent or form of treatment has been found effective.RESULTS: SEM analysis presented occlusion and narrowing of dentinal tubules in all treatment groups, but more prominent occlusion was observed in the combined treatment group. Intergroup comparisons regarding the tubule diameters and the number of the open dentinal tubules per 100?µm2 revealed statistically significant difference in favor of combined group (p

Objective: The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the occluding effect of topical gaseous ozone application and Er:YAG laser on human dentine tubules by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Methods: Twenty-four dentine specimens were divided into three groups. Group I, including specimens treated only with citric acid, served as the control. Group II was treated with Er:YAG (30Hz 60mJ, 10sec), and Group III received only topical gaseous ozone application (10sec at level 2). Diameters and the number of open dentinal tubules per 100µm2 were counted from SEM photomigrophraphs at ×2000 magnification. Results: In terms of diameters and numbers of open dentinal tubules per 100µm2, both treatment modalities presented significant occlusion. The mean values of the diameters and the number of open dentinal tubules per 100µm2 were observed in Group I, Group II, and Group III, in decreasing order. Significant differences were found among the groups in favor of the topical gaseous ozone applied group. Conclusions: The dentine tubules in both treatment groups were occluded, however more marked occlusion were seen in ozone treated group. © Copyright 2012, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2012.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude and susceptibility of the patients who attended to Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, about the cross-infection control. Methods: A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about cross-infection control in dental practices. The study population included 450 patients (277 female, 173 male) who attended to Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, in December 2010. The questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, expectations from dentists about wearing of gloves, mask, protective cap and glass, changing and renewing of these materials, and infection control procedures before treatment. Descriptive statistical methods and Chi-square test were used to analyze data. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. Results: 100% of the patients expected from dentist to wear gloves, 98.9% of them expected to wear mask, 73% of them expected to wear protective cap, and 67.1% of them expected to wear protective glass. The 50.5% of the female respondents stated that all patients should wear protective glass, and this ratio is higher than male patients (37.6%) (p

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental students knowledge and attitude about infections transmitted by blood and body fluids, infection control measures, hepatit B virus infection and their serological and hepatitis B vaccination status. Methods: A questionnaire prepared to measure the knowldge levels about infections transmitted by blood and body fluids, infection control measures, hepatit B virus infection, serological and hepatitis B vaccination status of 261 students, educating at University of Yeditepe, Faculty of Dentistry in 2010-2011 academic year was distrubuted. Results: The mean age of the students were 21,29 and 123 of them (%47,1) tought that they were at risk in terms of Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It was determined that 207 students vaccined against to HBV, and of them 142 (%54,4) had controlled their HBV serologies. Seven students stated that they are HBV carrier. It was determined that the ratio of female students that control their HBS serologies and completion of HBV vaccination are significantly higher than male students (p

WOS: 000186900800002, Left-lateral strike slip along the Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) between the African and Arabian plates is partitioned into a complex set of motions at its northern extension where Arabia impinges into the Anatolian collage. As a result, the nature of the contemporary link between the east Anatolian and Dead Sea transforms is unclear. To quantify strike slip motion expressed as tectonic rotations along the inferred southwest continuation of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), we have investigated the paleomagnetism of young (

One of the undesired complications of the chemotherapy with doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity. Cardiac effect of erucic acid, which is a member of omega-9 fatty acid, is investigated on doxorubicin treatment in this study. Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups and each group contained six rats. First group rats were fed with milk. In the third and fifth groups we fed rats with milk supplemented 0.5% and 5% erucic acid respectively. The groups 2, 4, 6 were fed as the groups 1, 3, 5 respectively; we injected 2 mg/kg twice weekly intraperitoneal doxorubicin to these groups whereas we injected isovolumous normal saline to the groups 1, 3, 5. Two other groups (groups 7 and 8) were fed with standard pellet. Group 8 received 2 mg/kg doxorubicin twice weekly; group 7 received normal saline. After 4 weeks hearts were isolated and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus perfused by modified Tyrode solution. Surviving rats were significantly less in erucic acid + doxorubicin groups at the end of the treatment period (p

Marmara Bölgesinde yapılan survey, lahana kök-ur hastalığının (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) yalnız İstanbul Kemerburgaz ilçesinde bulunduğunu göstermiştir» Bu yörede hastalık % 0.0-91.4 arasında değişmekte olup, ortalama % 45.8'dir. Yapılan incelemelerde toprak neminin hastalığı arttırdığı saptanmış fakat, toprak pH'sı ile bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Turp ve şalgamlarda bu hastalığın saptanması Türkiye için ilk kayıttır. Araştırma sonuçları esas sorunun bulaşık tarla toprağı olduğunu göstermiştir. İlâçlı savaş denemelerinde, fidelikte Vapam ve % 2 Formalin eriyiği sırasıyla % 88.6 ve % 75.6 etkili olmuşlardır. Tarla ve sera denemelerinde en iyi sonucu Benlate vermiştir (% 70.6 ve % 98). Sera denemelerinde Vapam % 78.72 (1971) ve % 98.0 (1972) etkili olmasına rağmen tarla şartlarında etkili olmamıştır (% 21.1). Brassicol 75 WP, Dexonal, Brassicol 20 Dust ve Basamid-pülver oldukça düşük etki göstermişlerdir. Kireç etkili olmamıştır. Dayanıklı lahana türlerini saptamak amacıyla, 18 lahana türü yapay bulaştırma yoluyla saksılarda incelenmişler, birinci yıl orta derecede dayanıklı (IIR) görünen dört tür, ikinci yıl inokulum miktarı arttırılmca duyarlı (S) bulunmuşlardır.

WOS: 000254522100002, Sicak Cermik, Delikkaya and Sarikaya are important travertine fields with active hot springs located 31 km west of Sivas. Based on their morphology, most of the travertines are classified as fissure-ridge travertines. Eroded sheet-type, terraced, and self-built channel types of travertine are also present at a few locations. Faults and fissures formed in the underlying incesu Formation, and fissures developing in the fissure-ridge travertines are linked to one another. Tectonic deformation forming the fissure-ridge travertines resulted from NE-SW extension associated with a NW-SE compressional regime related to the Central Anatolian Thrust Belt and Sivas Backthrust. U/Th series age dating results indicate that the travertine deposition extends back to 400 ka and yields ages of 11.400 (+/- 500) to 364.000 ((+201.000)/(-76.000)) from the fissure-ridge travertines. Age data and fissure width observations indicate that a similar to 0.06 mm/year extension rate is associated with the compressional regime in the Sivas Basin. On average, fissure-ridge travertines formed over intervals of 56.000 years, and indicate that a major regional seismic event with a magnitude of 7.4 has occurred here with this order of frequency. The Pamukkale travertines in Western Turkey are one of the most spectacular natural heritage sites in the world, as well as a site of active tectonic studies, and are now protected for these reasons. As shown by this study, the Sicak Cermik travertines are of comparable interest and should receive similar protection.

WOS: 000249947800002, The Niksar Basin is sited along the eastern segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in Turkey. It is a young sigmoidal pull- apart basin bordered by two non- parallel master faults associated with earthquakes in 1939 and 1942. The fault geometry along the irregular ENE margin of the basin is complex where young Plio - Quaternary volcanic rocks reach the surface along pairs of steep strike- slip faults which cut the basin sediments. The volcanic rocks around the Niksar Basin have been dated by high precision K- Ar dating and the ages range between 542 +/- 9 ka and 567 +/- 9 ka. The lavas are mainly alkaline ( sodium dominated) in nature and include basaltic trachandesite ( mugearite) and trachyandesite ( benmoreite) with minor sub- alkaline compositions of dacitic andesite, rhyodacite and rhyolite. Despite the large compositional gap between basaltic and felsic lavas, major and trace element distributions indicate that both the basaltic and felsic lavas are cogenetic. Abundances of major oxides and trace elements vary systematically through this compositional spectrum. Fractional crystallization of the observed phases accounts for the diversity of intermediate and evolved products. Amphibole fractionation in basalts at depth causes the trend towards silica saturation while alkali feldspar fractionation dominates the final stages of crystallization. Significant crustal contamination has occured in the evolved magmas but contamination is generally minimal or absent in their basaltic parents. Alkaline basaltic rocks have OIB ( ocean island basalt) like trace element patterns characterized by enrichment in LILE, HFSE, LREE and slight depletion in HREE relative to primitive mantle values. Overall geochemical variations indicate the combined effects of different degrees of partial melting, fractional crystallization and variable degrees of crustal contamination.

Antofagasta Minerals;Edemet;et al.;Outotec;Russell;ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions, 27th International Mineral Processing Congress, IMPC 2014 -- 20 October 2014 through 24 October 2014 -- -- 112722, Jet diffuser flotation column (JDFC) is a flotation device resembles Jameson flotation cell (JFC) in terms of operational principles, but it has significant difference structural points of view. This difference is an essential change in the downcomer to provide an increase of performance of the cell for the coarse particles. By using the hydrodynamic and fluid mechanics principles (Şahbaz et al., 2013) downcomer was changed as a diffuser, therefore turbulence at the end of the downcomer was reduced to provide better aggregate stability and homogeneous dissipation of the bubbles in the separation tank. According to experimental results carried out in pilot scale JDFC, not only higher flotation performance comparing with Jameson cell was obtained specifically for coarse talc particles in a certain condition, but also quiescent froth layer was acquired. In these tests, vertical pipe of JDFC having inlet diameter of 6 cm and outlet diameter of 11.5 cm was used with separation tank having the diameter of 39 cm. By using the data, pilot scale JDFC having 410 cm vertical pipe integrated with separation tank was produced and flotation tests were carried out by using the naturally hydrophobic mineral (talc). Finally, the talc recovery obtained as 94% by the use of JDFC, while Jameson cell has the recovery of 77% for the particle size of 250 µm.

The objective of this report is to describe the multidisciplinary management of a cervical resorptive defect using periodontal surgery, endodontic treatment, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and composite resin filling. The resorptive defect was obturated using MTA following the reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap and conventional root canal treatment was completed. The cervical extension of the MTA-filled cavity, which was evident following the suturing of the flap, was reduced and filled with a composite filling material. No complaints were noted by the patient and at the 18-month follow-up the prognosis was favorable. By appropriate multidisciplinary management, root resorptions may be treated successfully. MTA may serve as a good option in such situations owing to its multi-beneficial properties.

Background: This study evaluates the effects on clinical and biochemical parameters of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing probiotic supplementation adjunctive to initial periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Thirty patients with CP were included and divided into two groups. Every patient had, in each quadrant, ?2 teeth each with approximal sites with a probing depth (PD) of 5 to 7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ?2. The test group received scaling and root planing (SRP) and probiotic-containing lozenges. The control group received SRP and placebo lozenges. Plaque index (PI), GI, bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and attachment gain were measured. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All evaluations were performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180, and 360. Results: Differences in intergroup comparisons of PI, GI, BOP, and PD were found to be significant (P

In southern Turkey ongoing differential impingement of Arabia into the weak Anatolian collisional collage resulting from subduction of the Neotethyan Ocean has produced one of the most complex crustal interactions along the Alpine-Himalayan Orogen. Several major transforms with disputed motions, including the northward extension of the Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ), meet in this region. To evaluate neotectonic motion on the Amanos and East Hatay fault zones considered to be northward extensions of the DSFZ, the palaeomagnetism of volcanic fields in the Karasu Rift between these faults has been studied. Remanence carriers are low-Ti magnetites and all except 5 of 51 basalt lavas have normal polarity. Morphological, polarity and K-Ar evidence show that rift formation occurred largely during the Brunhes chron with volcanism concentrated at 0.66-0.35 Ma and a subsidiary episode at ?0.25-0.05. Forty-four units of normal polarity yield a mean of D/I =8.8°/54.7° with inclination identical to the present-day field and declination rotated clockwise by 8.8±4.0°. Within the ?15-km-wide Hassa sector of the Karasu Rift, the volcanic activity is concentrated between the Amanos and East Hatay faults, both with left lateral motions, which have rotated blocks bounded by NW-SE cross faults in a clockwise sense as the Arabian Block has moved northwestwards. An average lava age of ?0.5 Ma yields a minimum cumulative slip rate on the system bounding faults of 0.46 cm/year according with the rate deduced from the Africa-Arabia Euler vector and reduced rates of slip on the southern extension of the DSFZ during Plio-Quaternary times. Estimates deduced from offsets of dated lavas flows and morphological features on the Amanos Fault Zone [Tectonophysics 344 (2002) 207] are lower (0.09-0.18 cm/year) probably because they are limited to surface fault breaks and do not embrace the seismogenic crust. Results of this study suggest that most strike slip on the DSFZ is taken up by the Amanos-East Hatay-Afrin fault array in southern Turkey. Comparable estimates of Quaternary slip rate are identified on other faults meeting at an unstable FFF junction (DSFZ, East Anatolian Fault Zone, Karatas Fault Zone). A deceleration in slip rate across the DSFZ and its northward continuation during Plio-Quaternary times correlates with reorganization of the tectonic regime during the last 1-3 Ma including tectonic escape within Anatolia, establishment of the North and East Anatolian Fault Zones bounding the Anatolian collage in mid-late Pliocene times, a contemporaneous transition from transpression to transtension and concentration of all basaltic magmatism in this region within the last 1 Ma. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., North Atlantic Treaty Organization: CLG-EST-977055, This study was carried out as part of a NATO supported investigation of neotectonics in central-southern Turkey and we are grateful to NATO (Grant No. CLG-EST-977055) and TUBITAK (Grant No. YDABAG 101Y023) for supporting the field and laboratory studies. We have valued discussions with Semir Över, Kaan Kavak and Süha Özden.

Counterclockwise rotation is a characteristic feature of the results of most paleomagnetic studies of the Pontides and Anatolides of central Turkey, applicable to regions both north and south of the North Anatolian fault zone. In this paper, we report new data from Eocene volcanics and assess existing data from the calc-alkaline volcanic suites of this age. Although there are regional variations, probably resulting from rotations of individual fault blocks, an average counterclockwise rotation of ?33° is identified across a region extending from 34° to 38° E Long. A mean Eocene paleolatitude of 27° N is compatible with ongoing northward movement and residual closure of a few degrees across the Pontide orogen during the latter part of its paleotectonic history. It seems probable that this rotated domain extends as far west as the Aegean graben system of western Turkey and as far south as the Taurides. Paleomagnetic evidence from younger volcanics suggests that the bulk of the rotation occurred during Quaternary time. The counterclockwise rotation of central Turkey is complemented by contemporaneous clockwise rotation of Greece, and the combined differential motion has produced the Aegean Sea in between them. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu University of Liverpool British Council, This study has been facilitated by a scientific link between Cumhuriyet University of Sivas, Turkey and the Geomagnetism Laboratory of the University of Liverpool, supported by the British Council and TÜBITAK.

The Sivas Basin extends over a major crustal structure underlying the contact zone between the Tauride and Pontide belts. The Kirsehir block, a continental crustal element lying between the main belts, introduces a subordinate suture in front of the Pontides—the Inner Tauride suture. The junction of the two main sutures occurs between Hafikand Imranli. Four structural zones have been considered. The northern basement of the basin, which includes both the Kirsehir continental crust and thrust sheets of ophiolite and pelagic sediments, forms an imbricate stack with an Eocene cover. The Eocene cover shows two distinct sequences: marine neritic and continental basalts overlying the Kirsehir basement, and deltaic and basinal deposits lying to the southeast. Southward tectonic stacking of the entire pile has occurred repeatedly since Oligocene time. The Sivas Basin proper is separated from the Kirsehir basement by the Kizilirmak Basin. This new structural unit consists of nearly undeformed, middle Miocene sandstones and conglomerates and a Pliocene lacustrine limestone. The Sivas Basin proper corresponds to a fold-and-thrust belt involving an Oligocene deltaic plain with intervening large-scale evaporitic stages and subsequent lower Miocene shallow-marine deposits. Three distinct tectonic domains are considered—(1) an eastern A domain, characterized by a hinterland of deep imbricate and rare northward thrusts; (2) a transitional B domain, corresponding to a series of lateral thrust branches propagating to the southwest; this domain later was deformed by the (3) C domain, displaying a foreland-dip type of stacking. The Caldag-Tecer-Gurlevik ridge forms a structural entity of topographic highs along the southern margin of the Sivas fold-and-thrust belt. Three Eocene-cored anticlinoria arranged along an E-W relay zone fold a passive-roof composite allochthon including ophiolitic elements together with Upper Cretaceous to Eocene limestone and conglomerate. The sole of this allochthon consists of Oligocene gypsum. The Kangal Basin, a large syncline cored by Pliocene continental deposits, corresponds to the southernmost unit. The boundary with the Caldag-Tercer-Gurlevik ridge is partially concealed by a lower Miocene continental basin, overlain by a N-vergent thrust of a lower Mesozoic limestone of the Taurus platform. If the southeastward propagation of thrusting in the Sivas thrust belt and related northward thrusts at a variety of scales is considered to represent the main thrust over the undeformed Kizilirmak basin, a comparison with modern analog structural features and analog models yields a coherent interpretation of this basin in terms of its forearc-prism evolution. At a larger scale, the Sivas Basin should be considered as a piggyback basin developed along the northward-rotated rear of the Tauride wedge and the synchronous southward thrusting of the Kirsehir-Pontide wedge. At least in early Miocene time, the Inner Tauride and Erzincan sutures corresponded to a single intracontinental thrust zone along which part of the displacement of the southern front of the Tauride has been progressively transferred. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.