Search

Dede Korkut Stories, which are the products of the transition from epic to folk tale, are the building blocks of oral tradition. Traditions, customs, beliefs, geographical conditions, wars with their enemies and extraordinary events of the Oghuz is told throughthe story. In addition to encountering many motifs in the work, there is also a sacrifice motif. are encountered. There are third sacrifices motif at the Dede Korkud Stroies, which consist of twelve stories. First, the sacrifice motif in The Story of Dirse Han’s Son Boðaç Han is seen as an animal, in the second, the sacrifice motif is seen as a group of male animals in the Kam Püre Son Bamsý Beyrek Story, and in the third, in the story of Kazan Bey’s Son Uruz Being Captive, the son uses the analogy of sacrificing himself for his father. In this study, the sacrifice motif in the mentioned stories has been examined.

Bu çalışmada Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi’nin tüm kampüslerinde afet ve acil durumlara müdahale kapsamında destek personelin hazır oluşluğunun arttırılmasına yönelik online teorik eğitim ile yüzyüze uygulamalı eğitim verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ön test-son test deseninin uygulandığı müdahale tipinde bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Mayıs 2020 – Ağustos 2021 arasında üniversitenin her biriminde (Rektörlük, enstitü, fakülte, yüksekokul, uygulama ve araştırma merkezi, hastane vb.) destek elemanı olarak görevlendirilen toplam 679 personel oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri Birey Tanıtım Formu ve Destek Elemanlarının Afet ve Acil Durumlara Hazır Oluşluğuna Yönelik (Tahliye ve Arama Kurtarma, Yangın) Bilgi Testleri ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde bağımlı gruplarda t test, Student t testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların Tahliye Arama ve Kurtarma Bilgi Testi Ön-test skor ortalaması 11,5±2,2 iken, Son-test skor ortalaması 13,4±2,7 olarak saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların Tahliye Arama ve Kurtarma Bilgi Testi Ön-test ve Son-test skor ortalamaları arasındaki fark anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur (z = -16,537, p < 0,001). Personellerin Yangın Bilgi Testi Ön-test skor ortalaması 11,5 ± 2,2 iken, Son-test skor ortalaması 13,3 ± 2,7 olarak saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların Tahliye Arama ve Kurtarma Bilgi Testi Ön-test ve Son-test skor ortalamaları arasındaki fark anlamlı olarak belirlenmiştir (z = -15,017, p < 0,001). Verilen eğitimin katılımcıların bilgi düzeylerinde artış sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Üniversitelerin bünyelerinde çalışan akademik ve idari personelden oluşan destek elemanlarına yönelik olarak verilen bu eğitimlerin ülkemiz genelinde yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Çalışmanın amacı Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin obezite farkındalık durumları, beslenme bilgi puanları ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören toplam 430 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin obezite farkındalık durumlarının belirlenmesinde Obezite Farkındalık Ölçeği, Beslenme bilgi puanlarının belirlenmesinde Yetişkinler İçin Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği, fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde ise Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği-2 ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26 paket programı kullanılmış olup İkili grubun karşılaştırılmasında Independent T Testi, grupların karşılaştırılmasında ise One Way ANOVA Testi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin Obezite farkındalığı, beslenme bilgi puanı ve fiziksel aktivite puan ortalamalarının cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf ve bölüm değişkenine göre karşılaştırmasında fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin obezite farkındalıklarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu, temel beslenme bilgi puanlarının ortalama düzeyde olduğu ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin ise yeterli aktivite düzeyinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

ObjectiveThe most significant complication in familial mediterranean fever (FMF) patients is dysfunction and organ failure developing depending on amyloid deposition in organs. The golden standard for showing amyloid deposition is the biopsy; however, tissue stiffness was examined by shear wave elastography as a non-invasive method in a restricted number of studies conducted, and it is considered that amyloid deposition can be shown indirectly. In our study, we aimed to indirectly evaluate amyloid deposition in organs with Shear wave and Doppler ultrasonography and to reveal its relationship with MEFV gene mutation analysis. Method42 FMF patients with normal thyroid and renal function tests and 35 participants with no FMF symptoms were included in our study. FMF patients were grouped depending on their MEFV mutation analyses. Thyroid, salivary glands, and renal parenchymal tissue stiffness were evaluated by shear wave elastography. Thyroidal artery and both renal artery resistances were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. ResultsBoth parotis gland, thyroid and renal parenchymal stiffness and arterial vascular resistances in the patient group were found higher than the control group. A significant difference was not found in any parameters in classification based on gender. Tissue stiffness and vascular resistance values in the patient group with M694V homozygote mutation were found statistically significantly higher than the other mutation groups (p < 0.001). ConclusionOur study shows that identifying genetic mutation type in FMF patients will help determine possibly amyloidosis risk. Imaging of tissue stiffness by shear wave elastography and evaluation of vascular resistance by Doppler can be useful for routine screening of those patients. WOS:000892554300001 Q4

Günümüzde hızlı nüfus artışı, plansız yapılaşma, hızlı ve plansız sanayileşme, teknolojideki gelişmeler, ülkeler ve bölgeler arası siyasi çekişmeler, savaşlar gibi faktörler, teknoloji-insan kaynaklı olayların afetlerle sonuçlanmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Teknolojinin gelişmesi aynı zamanda sanayi, ulaşım ve endüstriyel faaliyetlerin artmasına da yol açmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler esnasında gerekli tedbirlere uyulmaması veya gerekli tedbirlerin alınmaması durumunda can ve mal kaybına yol açan kazaların meydana gelmesi kaçınılmaz olabilir. Dünyada yaşanan doğal ve teknolojik afetlerin kayıt altına alındığı ve arşivlendiği çeşitli uluslararası acil durum veri tabanları bulunmaktadır. Bu veri tabanları evrensel verileri ücretsiz bir şekilde kullanıcı hizmetine sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2000-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de meydana gelen teknolojik afetlerin dağılımları ile etkilediği kişi sayısı ve ölüm oranlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan çalışmanın evrenini veri tabanında bulunan, 2000-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de meydana gelen teknolojik afetler oluşturmuştur. Veriler Excel ortamına aktarılmış ardından, SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veri tabanından alınan bilgilere göre Türkiye’de 2000-2020 yılları arasında 102 tane teknolojik afetin meydana geldiği görülmüştür. En fazla ölüm oranı %73,6 ile ulaşım kazaları sonucu meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Teknolojik afetler, doğal afetlerden farklı olarak genellikle insan faaliyetlerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı için çeşitli tedbirlerin alınması bu afetlerin ortaya çıkmasını veya etkilerini ve ölüm oranlarını azaltabilir. Teknolojik kazalar ve bunlara bağlı afetler nedeniyle meydana gelen ölüm oranlarının azaltılabilmesi için bireysel, örgütsel ve yapısal önlemlerin alınması önem arz etmektedir Today, factors such as rapid population growth, unplanned structuring, rapid and unplanned industrialization, technological developments, political conflicts between countries and regions and wars can cause technologicalhuman-induced events to result in disasters. The development of technology has also led to an increase in industry, transport and industrial activities. In case the necessary precautions are not followed or the necessary measures are not taken during the activities carried out, it may be occur inevitable accidents which cause loss of life and property. There are various international emergency databases in which natural and technological disasters in the world are recorded and archived. These databases provide universal data free of charge to the user service. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the death rate and the number of people affected by the distribution of technological disasters occurring in Turkey between 2000 and 2020. The universe of the descriptive study planned, occurring in Turkey between the years 2000-2020, has been formed by the technological disasters in the database. The data were transferred to Excel and then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 package program. According to the information taken from the database was observed that 102 units of technological disasters ocur In Turkey between 2000 and 2020. It was determined that the highest death rate was 73.6% as a result of transportation accidents. Since technological disasters usually occur as a result of human activities, unlike natural disasters, taking various measures can reduce the occurrence or effects of these disasters and mortality rates. In order to decrease the death rates due to technological accidents and related disasters is important to take individual, organizational and structural measures.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum puanlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 498 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verileri analiz etmek için SPSS 26 programı kullanılmıştır. İkili karşılaştırmalarda Independent T testi, gruplar arası farkın belirlenmesinde ise One Way ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda cinsiyet değişkenine göre SBİTÖ toplam puan, beslenme hakkında bilgi, beslenmeye yönelik duygu, olumlu beslenme ve kötü beslenme alt boyutları karşılaştırmasında fark saptanmamıştır. Erkeklerin puan ortalaması daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapma durumuna göre SBİTÖ toplam puan değişkeni karşılaştırmasında fark olduğu farkın düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapanlar lehine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarında ise fark saptanmazken düzenli aktivite yapanların puan ortalamaları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin SBİTÖ puan ortalamalarının yüksek düzeyde olduğu ve düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmanın SBİTÖ puanları üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Afetler, her yıl çok sayıda insanın yaralanmasına, sakat kalmasına, ölmesine, ciddi mali kayıplara ve ekolojik dengenin bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. 1990’ların sonlarına doğru artmaya başlayan ve günümüzde de artmaya devam eden büyük oranda insan faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak afetlerin sayısı ve şiddeti gittikçe artmaktadır. Afetler doğada oldukça büyük zararlar meydana getirmektedir. Özellikle orman yangınları, KBRN gibi olaylar doğada ciddi kirlenmelere ve ormanlık alanların yok olmasına bunula birlikte flora ve faunanın yok olmasına neden olmaktadır. Orman yangınları 1998-2017 yılları arasında meydana gelen tüm afetlerin %3,5’unu oluşturmaktadır. Bu yıllar arasında 254 orman yangını rapor edilmiş ve bu orman yangınlarının neden olduğu ekonomik kayıp 38 milyar ABD Doları’dır. Bu çalışmada 23-25 Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında Yunanistan Attika bölgesinde meydana gelen ve ülkenin en ölümcül orman yangını olarak tarihe geçen yangında idarenin, halkın, medyanın ve diğer aktörlerin bütünleşik afet yönetiminin aşamaları olan risk ve kriz yönetimindeki davranışlarını değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada afet yönetiminde önemli aktörler arasında olan medyanın afet meydana geldikten sonra ulusal ve uluslararası olarak afetin üzerinden geçen zamanla paralel olarak değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Afetten etkilenen halk ile yerel ve merkezi idarenin afete karşı yanıtı medya, gazete haberleri ve yapılan basın açıklamaları incelenerek değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu açılardan çalışmanın afet yönetimi literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, futbolcularda alt ekstremiteye uygulanan akut vibrasyon antrenmanın şut hızı, şut isabeti ve çeviklik performansı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 18-25 yaş arasında 33 gönüllü amatör erkek futbolcu katılmıştır. Futbolcuların şut hızları radar aleti ile şut isabeti Mor-Christian futbol yetenek testi ile, çeviklik performansı Illinois çeviklik testi ile belirlenmiştir. Futbolcuların şut isabeti, şut hızı ve çeviklik performansları herhangi bir egzersiz uygulanmadan ve vibrasyon antrenmanı uygulandıktan sonra olmak üzere iki kez ölçülmüştür. Futbolcuların şut hızı, şut isabeti performansının ön test son test arasındaki farkı belirlemede Paired T Testi, çeviklik performanslarının ön test ve son testleri arasındaki farkı belirlemede Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre vibrasyon antrenmanı sonrası şut hızı, şut isabeti ve çeviklik performansının istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde geliştiği belirlenmiştir (p

Photoacoustic dual-comb spectroscopy is demonstrated, providing scan-free mapping of optical absorption spectra to acoustically detectable frequencies. Narrow absorption features of a low volume gas sample are resolved with high signal-to-noise ratio in short acquisition time.

Dual-comb photoacoustic spectroscopy is demonstrated, providing scan-free mapping of optical absorption spectra to acoustic pressure waves. Infrared absorption features of a low volume gas sample are resolved with high signal-to-noise ratio in short acquisition time.

The diagnosis of respiratory diseases relies largely on auscultation. To further improve the diagnosis quality, continuous acoustic multi-channel surveillance of the airways is highly desirable. The application of multiple sensors around the thorax implies size and cost constraints for the sensors. In this article we first report on the design and development of a wearable and low-cost electronic stethoscope which is easy to integrate in a garment. We then analyzed the noise and linearity of the recorded sound signal and benchmarked a prototype with a standard stethoscope which is widely used in clinical practice.

WOS: 000348487900024, The purpose of the present study is to examine the power, speed, skill and anaerobic capacity on men's basketball for 16 weeks endurance training along with the general basketball training. The study involved 36 male basketball players such as, Control Group (CG), Endurance Group (PE) and the General Endurance Group (GE). The shot test, 20 m running test, squat jump, countermovement jump, running-based anaerobic sprint tests were applied to the groups during the Pre- Exercise and Post-Exercise. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences between evaluations of the groups. While considering the Running Based Anaerobic Speed Test of the Difference among groups in the evaluation of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th in run evaluation Pre-Exercise was between CG and PE and between CG and GG, Post-Exercise was in favor between CG and PE in all miming values, When considering the Power Index Between Difference Groups, In evaluation of The Pre-Exercise, values were 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th runs, and there was significant difference between the groups CG and GD and CG and PE. As a result, it is considered to be appropriate for practicing the method in the development of young basketball players of the cardiovascular and metabolic stability in addition to specific agent's interval training.

The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between university students' eating habits and their self-efficacy. 332 female and 325 male students at Faculty of Arts and Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sport (PES), Vocational High School, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Engineering at Nigde University were included in the study. In order to measure students' efficacy in selfperception of health the "Health Perceptions of Self-Efficacy Scale" and to gather data regarding students' sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits, "Socio-Demograph ic Characteristi cs and Eating Habits Information Form" were conveyed. In the statistical analysis, the source of differences was examined through independent-samp les T test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Post Hoc Test. It was found that there was a significant difference in favor of male participants at the levels of self-efficacy in terms of gender. There were statistically significant differences between smoking habits and self-efficacy levels, but as for those having alcohol consumption, the difference was in favor of those who do not consume alcohol and finally as for sport participation, the difference was in favor of those who do sports. It was found that there were significant differences amongst the groups in favor of those occasionally taking care of nutrition, depending on their selfefficacy levels, depending on the number of meals, while the highest self-competence levels were determined for those having meals three times a day, the lowest self-competence levels belong to those having meals only once a day. When the frequency of alcohol consumption, and self-efficacy levels were assessed, those consuming alcohol once a month had the highest self-efficacy levels, while those who consumed alcohol a few times a day had the lowest self-efficacy levels, and there were statistically significant differences between groups. The individuals with high healthy self-efficacy levels as well as being healthy constitute the most important factor in raising healthy individuals. It is important to enable healthy individuals to avoid bad habits, if any, quit the habits by healthy individuals and as a result of doing sports as well as having a regular and proper dietary habits result in generation healthy individuals.

WOS: 000354430200001, PubMed ID: 25887423, Background: A superior Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) mutant, known as superfolder GFP (sfGFP), is more soluble, faster folding, and is the brightest of the known GFP mutants. This study aimed to create a codon-adapted sfGFP tag (TtsfGFP) for simultaneous protein localization and affinity purification in Tetrahymena thermophila. Results: In vivo fluorescence spectroscopic analyses of clones carrying a codon-adapted and 6 x His tagged TtsfGFP cassette showed approximately 2-4-fold increased fluorescence emission compared with the control groups at 3 h. Fluorescence microscopy also revealed that TtsfGFP reached its emission maxima at 100 min, which was much earlier than controls expressing EGFP and sfGFP (240 min). A T. thermophila ATP-dependent DNA ligase domain containing hypothetical gene (H) was cloned into the 3' end of 6 x His-TtsfGFP to assess the affinity/localization dual tag feature. Fluorescence microscopy of the 6 x His-TtsfGFP-H clone confirmed its localization in the macro-and micronucleus of vegetative T. thermophila. Simultaneous affinity purification of TtsfGFP and TtsfGFP-H with Ni-NTA beads was feasible, as shown by Ni-NTA purified proteins analysis by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Conclusions: We successfully codon adapted the N-terminal 6 x His-TtsfGFP tag and showed that it could be used for protein localization and affinity purification simultaneously in T. thermophila. We believe that this dual tag will advance T. thermophila studies by providing strong visual traceability of the target protein in vivo and in vitro during recombinant production of heterologous and homologous proteins., Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Commission (AUBAP) [1109F147]; TUBITAK (The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey) [113Z036, 112T422], We first thank Aaron Turkewitz for providing vector pVGF. We owe special thanks to Nurcin Kucukoglu for her help in the localization experiments and Serkan Dereli for his help in the digital preparation of the figures. This study was supported by the Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Commission (AUBAP) under Grant No. 1109F147 and TUBITAK (The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey) under Grant Nos. 113Z036 and 112T422 offered to Muhittin Arslanyolu.

In this study, 130 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were prospectively investigated between January 1996 and February 1999. The aim of this study was to determine the initial treatment according to the causative agents and prognostic factors. The study group included 78 (60%) men, 52 (40%) women with a mean age of 40.5 ± 13.6 years (range 14-75 years). Underlying diseases were found in 45 (35%) cases. The major underlying diseases were chronic obstructive lung disease (16%) and diabetes mellitus (10%). The cause of pneumonia was diagnosed in 57 (44%) cases, and the most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%), followed by gram negative enteric rods (8%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (7%), Chlamydia pneumoniae (5%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%) and Legionella pneumophila (3%). The overall death rate was 3%. Fifthy two (40%) patients were hospitalized. In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, antibiotic chemotherapy was carried out according to the etiologic agents and the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the Turkish Thoracic Society. Community-acquired pneumonia remains a major health-care issue. The development of country-specific guidelines is an attemp to standardize initial management. But ideally, all such guidelines should be validated by appropriate prospective studies. Further studies are also required to provide data on community-acquired pneumoniae in patients who do not require admission to hospital.

The number of nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. has increased in recent years. In this study, we evaluated 80 patients (male 70% and, mean age of all patients 38.8 ± 12) with nosocomial acinetobacter infections. Fifty three (66.3%) of 80 strains identified by Sceptor were found to be as Acinetobacter baumannii and 27 (33.7%) strains to be as A. lwoffii. All Acinetobacter spp. were multidrug resistant. Quinolone and carbapenem resistance were 60.4% and 15.1% for A. baumannii, and 44.4% and 22.2% for A. lwoffii, respectively. Nosocomial Acinetobacter infections occurred after a mean (± SD) hospitalization of 14 ± 8.8 days. Most of infections (61.3%) were acquired in an intensive care and oncology ward. Of all patients, 76 (95%) had multiple risk factors. Nosocomial infections were as follows: pneumonia in 32 (40.8%), urinary tract infection in 16 (20%), wound infection in 14 (17.5%), bacteremia in 8 (10%), meningitis in 5 (6.3%), catheter infection in 3 (3.8%) and peritonitis in 2 (2.5%) of the patients. Acinetobacter infections caused or contributed to death of 13 (16.3%) patients.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Adana ilinde zaman içinde ortaya çıkan hepatit C virüsü (HCV) nün epidemiyolojik verileri ve genotip dağılımındaki değişikliklerin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kronik hepatit C tanısıyla, Ocak 1996-Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında takip edilen 369 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı genotipe sahip hastalar arasındaki cinsiyet, yaş ve bulaş yolu farklılıkları ve yıllara göre bölgemizdeki hastaların yaş ortalaması, cinsiyetleri ve virüs genotiplerindeki değişimler ele alınmıştır. Bulgular: Genotip 1, 289 (%78,3) hastada; genotip 2, 23 (%6,2) hastada; genotip 3, 54 (%14,6) hastada; genotip 4 ise 3 (%0,8) hastada tespit edildi. Yıllara göre genotip dağılımı incelendiğinde; 1996-2008 yılları arasında genotip 2 ve 3’e sahip hastaların oranı %2,7 iken, 2012-2013 yılları arasnda bu oranın %44’e yükseldiği görüldü. Genotip 2 veya 3’e sahip 77 hastanın 69 (%89,6)’sında intravenöz ilaç bağımlılığı vardı. Sonuç: Son yıllarda damar içi ilaç kullanımına bağlı HCV enfeksiyonu bölgemizde artış göstermiştir. Hastaların yaş ortalamasındaki düşüş, erkek cinsiyette daha sık görülür olması ve genotip 2 ve 3 oranlarındaki artış bu nedene bağlanmıştır. Objective: Our study aimed to demonstrate the epidemiological data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and changes in its genotypic distribution which was observed in Adana in time. Materials and Methods: The data from 369 patients who were on follow up with the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C between January 1996 and March 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. The differences between the gender, age, and routes of transmission among the HCV patients with different genotypes were reviewed. Changes in the mean age, gender, and virus genotypes of the patients in our region by the years were evaluated. Results: Genotype 1 was identified in 289 (78.3%) patients, genotype 2 in 23 (6.2%) patients, genotype 3 in 54 (14.6%) patients and genotype 4 was identified in 3 (0.8%) patients. When the genotypic distribution over the years was assessed, the rate of the patients with genotype 2 or 3 was 2.7% between 1996 and 2008, this rate was observed to increase to 44% between 2012 and 2013. Sixty nine out of 77 (89.6%) patients with genotype 2 or 3 were intravenous drug addicts. Conclusion: In our region intravenous drug use-related HCV infection was increased in recent years. Decrease in the mean age of the patients, higher probability of occurrence among males and increased rates of genotype 2 and 3 were associated with this reason.

In this study, 54 cases with fever of unknown origin (FUO) were analysed prospectively in Infectious Disease Department at Çukurova Medical Faculty between the years 1994-1997. Among the 54 cases included in this study 49 of them(90.7%) were determined as classic FUO whereas 5 of them (9.2%) were determined as neutropenic FUO. Infections (51.8%) were the most common causes of FUO in this series. Tuberculosis constituted the most common infectious reason (32.1%). Other FUO reasons were abdominal abcess, brucellosis, infective endocarditis, cytomegalovirus infection, rhinocerebral mucormycosis and cerebral toxoplasmosis. Non infectious reasons of FUO were neoplastic diseases found in 9 cases (16.6%), collagen vascular diseases found in 16 cases (16.6%) and other diseases diagnosed in 2 cases (3.7%). On the other hand, in 6 (11.6%) of the FUO cases no diagnosis could be reached. While the reasons of cases of neutropenic FUO were lymphoma, splenic abcess, brucellosis, sytemic lupus erytematosus only in one case no diagnosis could be reached. In undiagnosed cases of FUO, 5 of them (83.3%) completely recovered and only one of them (16.6%) died. Among these cases two of them (lymphoma and the undiagnosed) were neutropenic

The aim of this study is to investigate a 16-week endurance exercise in terms of power, speed, ability and aerobic capacity in 13–16-year-old female basketball players. Twenty female basketball players participated in the study and they are divided into two groups, ‘endurance group’ and ‘control group’. Both groups have exercised 3 days a week and 90 min a day throughout 16 weeks. The 1st group (endurance group – EG) is applied the interval training method and the 2nd (control group – CG) group is applied general basketball exercises. The groups in the study have taken 20-m speed run, squat jump, countermovement jump and running-based anaerobic speed run tests both before and after the exercises. Paired-samples t test is done for arithmetical mean, SD and the evaluation between groups, and non-parametric test Mann–Whitney U test is done for the comparison of the two groups. Statistically, in the assessment of groups before exercises (EO) and after exercises (ES), a significant difference is found in terms of the number of shoots within the groups themselves, between EO and ES, and between the two groups being in favour of EG group. A significant difference in favour of EG group is found in valid shoot and group shuttle tests as well. Statistically significant differences in favour of EG group are also found in the assessment of ES in terms of all the running values of anaerobic speed test. It is seen that there is a significant difference in the fatigue index value of EG group in favour of ES. No statistically significant differences have been observed in the other tests. In conclusion, interval endurance exercise is seen to have caused an improvement in the number of shoots, in valid shoots, in grouped shuttle tests and in the anaerobic powers of young females. Thus, it can be suggested that the application of interval training method besides cardiovascular and metabolic specific factors in the improvement of endurance in children may be useful.

The aim of this study is to investigate the 16-week different training models in terms of power, speed, ability and aerobic capacity in 13–16 years old female basketball players. 20 female basketball players are divided into two groups as ‘power endurance’ and ‘general endurance’. Different 90-min training models are applied to both groups 3 days a week throughout 16 weeks. The 1st group (power endurance – PE) is applied interval training method and the 2nd (general endurance – GE) group is applied permanent runs method. The groups in the study are applied 20-m speed run, squat jump, countermovement jump and running-based aerobic speed run before and after the exercises. Paired-samples t test is done for arithmetical mean, SD and the evaluation between groups, and non-parametric test. Mann–Whitney U test is done for the comparison of the two groups. A significant difference is found in the assessment of EO and ES, grouped shuttle test in PE group and the 5th run of the 35-m running test while there is no significant difference (p>0.005) in the other values. In the GE group, a significant difference in favour of ES is seen in valid shoot test, 2nd run, 5th run and 6th run. In the evaluation of the groups, significant differences have been found in favour of shoots after exercise, grouped shuttle test, valid shoot test, run tests, 1st and 2nd run tests before and after exercise, and ES PE after 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th runs. In conclusion, initial power and speed values have been kept in both training models. Aerobic capacity and ability have increased in PE groups. Thus, it can be suggested that the application of interval training method besides cardiovascular and metabolic specific factors in the improvement of endurance in children may be useful.