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Objective: Since the homeless are at greater risk of encountering health problems than the general population, the reasons for and incidence of their presentations to emergency departments also vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Turkish homeless patients who brought to the emergency department by ambulance. Materials and methods: The records of homeless adult patients brought to the ED by 112 emergency service ambulance teams over a 1-year period from January to December, 2014, were examined retrospectively.Results: Thirty-six (21.56%) of the homeless patients enrolled in the study presented due to trauma, and 131 (78.44%) due to non-traumatic causes. One hundred thirty-seven (82.04%) of the total patient group were male. The mean age of the non-trauma patients was 47.3 +/- 15.2 years (range, 18-81 years), and the mean age of the trauma patients was 36.9 +/- 14.4 years (range, 18-63 years). The most common reason for presentation among patients prese nting to the emergency department for non-trauma reasons was clouded consciousness (n = 39, 23.35%), followed by general impaired condition (n = 26, 15.57%), respiratory difficulty (n = 25 14.97%) and abdominal pain (n = 21, 12.57%). The most common reason for presentation among trauma cases was traffic accidents (n = 13, 7.78%), followed by sharp implement injury (n = 9, 5.39%). Four (2.4%) homeless patients died in the emergency department, three (%1.8) homeless patients discharged from the emergency department, and the remaining 160 (95.8%) were admitted to the hospital. Conclusion: Homeless patients may present to the emergency department due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes. Admission levels are high among these patients, who may have many acute and chronic problems, and appropriate precautions must be taken in the management of these subjects in the emergency department. Copyright (C) 2017 The Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey. Productio, NA

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of light and administration time of isoflurane on circadian gene expression in the brains and liver tissues of rats kept in light-dark cycle. Methods: Seventy tw o 15-days-old rats pups were divided into four groups. All animals were exposed to 1.5% concentration of isoflurane or to 6 L min(-1) O-2 for six hours between Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 0-ZT06 ( day-time administration) or ZT12-ZT18 ( night-time administration). Rats were sacrificed after six hours of anaesthesia with four-hour time intervals. Total RNA was isolated from brains and liver tissues. Circadian gene expression was examined using quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2 and CRY2 gene expression levels were markedly suppressed after day-time anaesthesia in the both brain and liver, but night-time administration caused only temporary suppression of gene expression. Conclusion: The effect of isoflurane on the circadian clock is time-dependent, and administered isoflurane anaesthesia at night had minimal effect on clock gene expression. Additionally, when the treated animals were kept in a regular light-dark cycle, isoflurane-induced phase shift was not observed, possibly because of the light., NA