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Across the world and within Europe, a growing number of consumers are choosing to buy gluten-free products. Motivations for a gluten-free diet and the consequences of consuming gluten are varied, from a medical necessity for those diagnosed with celiac disease to a range of health complications and discomfort for those who are gluten-intolerant. In this research, 7296 gluten-free consumers across 13 European countries responded to an online survey on the 33 types of gluten-free products purchased, how frequently they purchased them, their satisfaction with gluten-free quality and availability, the problems they have experienced, and the strategies they have employed to cope with these problems. The investigation examines whether and how these consumer attitudes and behaviors differ between those diagnosed with celiac disease, those who are gluten-intolerant, and those who are caregivers for others with a gluten-free diet. The results show that significant differences existed for all these habits and issues across the three gluten-free consumer groups. Specifically, caregivers purchased most of the gluten-free product types more frequently than the other two groups, experienced more availability problems, and were more likely to shop at multiple stores or make their own gluten-free products. Celiac-diagnosed consumers tended to buy gluten-free products more frequently than those who are gluten-intolerant, and they tended to be the most satisfied with the quality and range of gluten-free offerings. Despite purchasing frequency differences between the groups, the results suggest a similar hierarchy of gluten-free products that could provide the foundation for a European gluten-free food basket.

Carrier selection is a complicated problem as it includes many quantitative and qualitative criteria. Due to the complexity of this issue, many criteria that influence decision making interact with each other, making it necessary to consider these interactions in order to make the best decision. The analytical network process (ANP) method enables us to solve the carrier selection problem of decision making more effectively and realistically. This study, which aims to contribute to the research field, employs the previously unused ANP method, which permits criteria interaction, and investigates the carrier selection problem in order to determine the similarities and differences between different industries' expectations of ocean container carriers. In this context, this study has been applied in three different industries: textiles, white goods, and chemicals. In this way, the study contributes to the literature on ocean container carriers. From the results, the most important criterion for the three shipper groups was found to be reliability. However, there were significant differences in the ranking of other criteria.

In occupational health and safety, it is important to use personal protective equipment that reduces or prevents injury to employees during an accident. Advanced sensors and computing technologies that can be worn on the body to create, store and transmit data during daily activities are wearable technology products. These products also make significant contributions to employee health and safety. The use of wearable technologies, which are very important in creating a safe work environment, is seen as a promising solution in contributing to the reduction of accidents and increasing industrial efficiency by increasing employee safety, reducing hazards and risks in sectors where occupational accidents are common.The study, it is aimed to prioritize the use of wearable technology devices in sectors that have potential risks that may cause fatigue, injury, error, and accident of employees due to labor-intensive and challenging tasks. Within the scope of this target, five alternatives and eight criteria were determined in line with the literature research and expert opinions. The criteria weights were determined by the AHP method, and the ranking of the alternatives was made by the AHP and PROMETHEE methods. Alternatives are listed as construction, mining, agriculture, textile, and chemistry. The increase in the use of wearable technology devices in the leading sectors in terms of work accidents and occupational diseases will open a new door to occupational safety and health management in the sectors and will significantly reduce health and safety problems.

IntroductionAgriculture emerges as one of the most dangerous industries in the world, considering injury and illness rates. After the service sector in Turkey, the next large-scale sector is the agricultural sector, which constitutes 20% of the general employment. The exposure of farmers to pesticides, used to increase the quality and productivity of agricultural products, causes health risks via the mouth, respiration, skin, and eyes. Pesticide use in Turkey is increasing; the annual average increase is estimated at 1.2%. Exposure to pesticides can be reduced by wearing personal protective equipment to protect against health and safety hazards.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the importance of personal protective equipment using the multi-criteria decision-making method to prevent the risk of injury and disease resulting from pesticide use.Materials and methodsThe Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to find the weights of the criteria determined by expert opinion and a literature review. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) was used to rank personal protective equipment.ResultsPersonal protective equipment includes masks, gloves, overalls, safety shoes, glasses, and hats. The use of multi-criteria decision-making methods in health and safety in the agricultural sector will contribute to the literature.ConclusionEmphasizing the use of personal protective equipment, especially when using pesticides, will increase the rate of use of protective measures.

This study was designed to determine the psychometric properties of the School Readiness Assessment Tool (SRAT), a new measurement tool for assessing school readiness. The measure aims to assess preschool children's school readiness by estimating their academic, motor, social, emotional, and self regulation skills. Both academic and motor skills are assessed through direct child observation while teacher ratings evaluate social-emotional and self-regulation skills. 228 children attending preschool participated in the study's first phase and 185 children in the second phase. The results show that the items of the new measurement tool had sufficient internal consistency. Both study phases also showed strong evidence of face (content) and construct validity (i.e., convergent and concurrent validity). Overall, the results show that SRAT is a promising new measure for school readiness among preschoolers in Türkiye. In addition to the evidence from randomized control trials, studies should be conducted to determine its psychometric properties with diverse samples, such as rural children and children not enrolled in preschool education.

Construction industry workers; are exposed to serious safety and health risks, hazardous work environments, and intense physical work. This situation causes fatal and non-fatal accidents, reduces productivity, and causes a loss of money and time. Construction safety management can use wearable sensors to improve safety performance. Since there are many types of sensors and not all sensors can be used in construction applications, it is necessary to identify suitable and reliable sensors. This requirement causes a sensor selection problem. The study aims to determine the priority order of physiological and kinematic sensors in preventing risks in the construction industry. Within the scope of this purpose, five criteria and seven alternatives were determined in line with the literature research and expert opinions. The criteria weights were calculated with the AHP method, and the alternatives were ranked with PROMETHEE and AHP. Providing a proactive approach to the use of sensors in the construction industry will provide safer working conditions, identify workers at risk, and help identify and predict potential health and safety risks. It will contribute to the literature on improving construction health and safety management.

Abstract People have struggled with many infectious diseases throughout history. Today, the Covid-19 is being fought. One of the most important things for people who have or are at risk of getting Covid-19 is social isolation. Many countries resort to different ways to ensure social isolation. For this, remote patient monitoring systems have been developed. In this study, the problem of the selection of Covid-19 remote patient monitoring systems is discussed. Seven Wearable Health Technology (WHT) products were evaluated with a total of 10 criteria, including the important symptoms used in the patient tracking systems. The weights of 10 criteria determined by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were calculated, and these weights were used in the solution of The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) methods. WHT products were compared. As a result, the most appropriate patient follow-up system was determined. This study generates differences in terms of evaluating seven different products and ten criteria in total with MCDM methods. A more comprehensive evaluation has been made in the literature than the studies in this field.

A detailed morphological and genetic characterization of honey bees from the Thrace and west Anatolian regions of Turkey was surveyed. A total of 1650 worker bee samples (110 colonies) were evaluated with the forty-one morphological characters and 217 honey bee samples were analyzed via DNA sequencing of the tRNAleu-cox2 region. In this study, three different populations, Thrace (Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Edirne provinces), Island Gökçeada, and western Anatolia were formed based on morphometrics, since the Marmara Sea has taken a very strong barrier role in this formation. The morphological similarity of the Thrace population was supported by the genetic analysis. The sequencing of the tRNAleu-cox2 region revealed twenty-two different haplotypes, sixteen of which are novel. The C2d, macedonica-like haplotype, was the most widely found haplotype (48%) all around the Thrace region. Along with the C2d haplotype, previously published C2s, C2v, C2i, C2j, and C2h haplotypes, and the newly found haplotypes were also observed but less frequently. In this study, Thrace honey bees were found to more similar to A. m. macedonica through the mtDNA sequence analysis, whereas carnica-like honey bees were only found near the Istranca mountain ridges, Kırklareli province and macedonica-like honey bees all around the Thrace region. According to our results, some of the Thrace honey bee populations may be both A. m. carnica and A. m. macedonica but the assignment to the latter subspecies seems more likely due to its geographic range.

This article is dedicated to examining a bilateral project established between South Korea and Türkiye with the overarching objective of elevating awareness and endowing preschool teachers with the capacity to embed education for sustainability within their classroom practices seamlessly. For this purpose, a professional development (PD) program was developed regarding the three pillars of sustainability and the 7R themes. Fourteen preschool teachers attended the PD program. Three teachers participated in this case study to reveal teachers' transformations regarding sustainability and early childhood education for sustainability. The data were collected through pre- and post-follow-up interviews and classroom observations. Thematic content analyses were conducted. According to the results, the PD program enhanced and deepened teachers' sustainability knowledge. In addition, teachers could transfer the knowledge from the PD program on education for sustainability into their practice not entirely but acceptably, and they have a chance to reconsider their lifestyle habits regarding sustainability in many areas.

Connecting mathematical concepts to real-life situations is a crucial skill in math class. Using mathematical literacy problems in classes may be an option to make connections with real life. In this context, the aim of this research is to reveal the experiences of preservice mathematics teachers in the process of writing mathematical literacy problems and to determine the difficulties they encountered. The participants of the research were 28 preservice teachers who were taking the mathematical literacy elective course in the 2022-2023 spring semester. In this qualitative research design, preservice teachers were provided with essential theoretical information on mathematical literacy over nine-weeks. They were then presented with mathematical literacy questions and their analyses were conducted. Following five weeks, participants worked in groups of 3-4 individuals, each group creating four mathematical literacy problems relating various content areas. At the end of their studies, in order to determine their experience regarding problem posing process, preservice teachers were given a survey consisting of open-ended questions. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the survey, it was seen that the issues in which the preservice mathematics teachers found themselves inadequate were more than the issues in which they found themselves competent. It was observed that participants focused on choosing context and writing the problem in accordance with the real life. While one group found themselves very competent in this regard, the other group found themselves quite inadequate. In addition, preservice teachers thought that they needed to examine more mathematical literacy questions and made writing attempts in order to pose qualified mathematical literacy problems.

This study aimed to examine the effects of reverse items created with different strategies on psychometric properties and respondents' scale scores. To this end, three versions of a 10-item scale in the research were developed: 10 positive items were integrated in the first form (Form-P) and five positive and five reverse items in the other two forms. The reverse items in the second and third forms were crafted using antonyms (Form-RA) and negations (Form-RN), respectively. Based on the research results, Form-P was unidimensional, while other forms were two-dimensional. Moreover, although reliability coefficients of all forms were obtained as above 0.80, the lowest one was acquired for Form-RN. There were strong-positive relationships between students' scores in the three scale forms. However, the lowest one was estimated between Form-P and Form-RN. Finally, there was a significant difference between the students' mean scores obtained from Form-RN and other two versions, but the effect size of the said difference was small. In conclusion, all these results indicate that different types of reverse items influence psychometric properties and respondents' scale scores differently.

The study aimed to investigate preschool children's learning needs related to science and their teachers' science activity practices. A basic qualitative research design was applied. Interviews were conducted with 15 preschool teachers and 48 children living in Ankara and subjected to content analysis. It was found that teachers mostly carried out activities and science experiments to support sense development and observation skills, used science and sensory centres and mostly preferred natural objects and living things. However, it was found that about half of the teachers considered themselves inadequate in science activities. Teachers stated that children need science activities that they can experience on their own, that take place outdoors and that are appropriate for their age, development and interests. They also stated that children need learning experiences that will improve their sensory development, observation and questioning skills. It was found that children mostly wanted to get to know scientists, learn how tools and equipment work, and conduct experiments. As a result of the research, it was revealed that teachers were aware of the importance of developing children's skills and reflected this in practice, but they could not identify the topics that children were interested in very well.

Purpose: Stoma is a surgical intervention that negatively affects the quality of life and adaptation to social life. The problems experienced by patients with stoma negatively affect the quality of life especially in the postoperative first weeks. Many kinds of nursing interventions to ensure adaptation to social life and to increase the quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phone counselling service on adaptation to stoma and quality of life among patients with intestinal stoma Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on patients with intestinal stoma followed up in stoma therapy outpatient clinic of a university hospital. A total of 60 patients (30 in the control group and 30 in the test group) were assigned to two groups by making randomization via computer through "simple randomization method". "Informed Consent Form, Questionnaire for Individuals with Intestinal Stoma, Ostomy Adjustment Inventory and Adaptation of Quality Life Scale" were filled in. The scales were re-applied in both groups in the stoma therapy outpatient clinic in the postoperative 6th and 10th weeks. Results: Phone counselling was effective in increasing the adjustment to stoma and quality of life among patients with stoma in the first 10 weeks after the operation. Conclusion: The test group had higher levels of life quality and social adaptation and also had more responsibilities for self-care.

The study of the sociology of scientific knowledge distinguishes between contributory and interactional experts. Contributory experts have practical expertise—they can “walk the walk.” Interactional experts have internalized the tacit components of expertise—they can “talk the talk” but are not able to reliably “walk the walk.” Interactional expertise permits effective communication between contributory experts and others (e.g., laypeople), which in turn facilitates working jointly toward shared goals. Interactional expertise is attained through long-term immersion into the expert community in question. To assess interactional expertise, researchers developed the imitation game—a variant of the Turing test—to test whether a person, or a particular group, possesses interactional expertise of another. The imitation game, which has been used mainly in sociology to study the social nature of knowledge, may also be a useful tool for researchers who focus on cognitive aspects of expertise. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of the imitation game and apply it to examine interactional expertise in the context of blindness. Specifically, we examined blind and sighted individuals’ ability to imitate each other in a street-crossing scenario. In Phase I, blind and sighted individuals provided verbal reports of their thought processes associated with crossing a street—once while imitating the other group (i.e., as a pretender) and once responding genuinely (i.e., as a non-pretender). In Phase II, transcriptions of the reports were judged as either genuine or imitated responses by a different set of blind and sighted participants, who also provided the reasoning for their decisions. The judges comprised blind individuals, sighted orientation-and-mobility specialists, and sighted individuals with infrequent socialization with blind individuals. Decision data were analyzed using probit mixed models for signal-detection-theory indices. Reasoning data were analyzed using natural-language-processing (NLP) techniques. The results revealed evidence that interactional expertise (i.e., relevant tacit knowledge) can be acquired by immersion in the group that possesses and produces the expert knowledge. The modified imitation game can be a useful research tool for measuring interactional expertise within a community of practice and evaluating practitioners’ understanding of true experts.

Intermediary institutions have been at the heart of financial systems in efficient allocation of resources in emerging economies and a reliable assessment of that system is a prerequisite to managerial decision-making. After more than 30 years of development, the capital market system has been basically formulated in Turkey, and the intermediary institutions have experienced a rapid development as well. However, due to the late start of intermediary institutions development in Turkish capital markets, empirical evidence on the efficiency profiles of them is quite scarce and comprehensive efficiency evaluation process has been required. The main purpose of the research is to assess the efficiency profiles and productivity change of Turkish intermediary institutions during the years 2005 and 2016 using a comprehensive framework based on survey results, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index. Based on DEA findings, that unique dataset allows to analyze that intermediary institutions in Turkey have highest efficiency scores in terms of scale efficiency. Furthermore, listed ones are significantly more technical, pure technical and scale efficient than their non-listed peers. According to Malmquist index, listed intermediary institutions have more stable in terms of total productivity change than the others during the observation period. Both for the groups, the volatility in technological change is higher than the other efficiency changes. Empirical findings evidence that, on average, the intermediary institutions operating in Turkey have not yet to enhance optimum levels of technical efficiency. That study may provide a starting point for further investigation and validation into the efficiency of the Turkish intermediary institutions. This strand of research could provide significant information for policy makers for enhancing the level of technological efficiency as well.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify relationships between the concept of resilience and the psychobiological model that treats the dimensions of temperament and character as representative of innate and environmental factors, respectively, among psychiatric inpatients whose diseases have acquired chronicity. METHODS: The study involved 171 psychiatric inpatient volunteers. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Symptom Checklist90, revised version, were used. Pearson correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify relationships between resilience and the other variables examined. RESULTS: We found a negative correlation between resilience and novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA), but no correlation was found between resilience and self transcendence (ST) (respectively, r:−0.26, p 0.05). There were positive correlations between resilience and the other temperament and character dimensions (respectively, r:0.14, p > 0.05; r:0.29, p

Introduction:In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of hematologic parameters in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).Methods:In this retrospective study, 122 patients diagnosed as PID (patient group) and 150 healthy women (control group) who applied for routine gynecological examination between May 2010 and May 2016 were included. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet distribution volume (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT) values of the patient and control groups were compared.Results:There was no difference in terms of age, platelet, MPV, PCT, PDW values between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p

Kurumların finansal performanslarının yanında finansal olmayan performanslarını da artırarak rekabet avantajlarını koruma ve piyasa değerlerini maksimize etme çabaları entegre raporlama konusundaki çalışmaları önemli ve gerekli kılmıştır. Çalışmada, entegre raporlamada çoklu sermaye öğelerini temsil eden göstergelerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, belirlenecek göstergelere temel oluşturmak amacıyla sermaye öğeleri ile bu öğelere ait göstergeler üzerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Ardından, BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nde yer alan mevduat bankalarının 2014 ile 2017 yılları arasında paylaştıkları halka açık verilerin tümü içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, literatür ve uygulamada öne çıkan, aynı zamanda ulaşılabilirliği yüksek olan göstergeler belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, entegre raporlamada değerlemenin sağlıklı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi ve şeffaf bir ölçüm sunabilmesi için gerekli olan karşılaştırılabilir, temsil gücü yüksek göstergeleri belirlemesi yönüyle bir kılavuz niteliği taşımaktadır.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of design thinking on the creative thinking of physical education and sports teacher candidates. The research group of the study, which was created by using the pretest-posttest single-group experimental design, consisted of 14 women and 15 men, who were studying at Ankara University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Teaching Program and taking the Community Service Practices lesson in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year and it consisted of 29 students in total. As a data collection tool, the "How Much You Have Created Scale" developed by Whetton and Cameron (2002) and adapted into Turkish by Aksoy (2004) and the "Demographic Information Form" prepared by the researchers were used. In this study, the Stanford design thinking model was applied to physical education and sports teacher candidates for 9 weeks in the community service practices lesson. According to the results of the analysis, it was observed that there was a significant change in the pre-test and post-test scores of the physical education and sports teacher candidates from the creative thinking scale after the application. The findings reveal that the design thinking approach is effective in developing the creative thinking of physical education and sports teacher candidates.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the argumentation structures of 5th-grade middle school students, while they were structuring geometric concepts in argumentation-based activities of geometric shapes. To this end, 7 fifth-grade students studying in a public middle school were included in the study. In the study, five geometry tasks involving activities based on materials of geometric shapes were carried out. The geometry tasks were structured based on argumentation, and the argumentation structures of students in the processes of structuring geometric concepts were analyzed. In the study, the argumentation structures of source-structure, spiral-structure, and reservoir-structure emerged from the student discussions and communications. According to these results, teaching activities structured based on geometric shapes and materials were observed to be effective in revealing students' different argumentation structures.

The International Maritime Organization, the European Union Council and the US government force ship owners to take necessary measures through international conventions and national legislation to minimize ship-based emissions which damage to the environment and has reached a serious level. Thus, ship operators began to turn towards alternative technologies and fuels that reduce emissions to ensure the maritime trade smoothly. On the other hand, some port operators has started to supply alternative maritime power (AMP) which is electricity from city grid line to the ships at the berth. It is a fact that AMP is one of the best emission reduction alternative technologies for ships during berthing period. This kind of ports providing AMP will be compulsory choice for many ship operators who still use fossil fuel-powered engines in their ships and cannot meet the emission limit requirements at ports, also these ports will contribute to the environmental protection. In this study, AMP application will be examined for the Ege Ports in Kuşadası. Purpose of the study is to calculate the amount of emissions and external costs and to compare with marine gas oil (MGO) when the AMP system is applied to a port. According to comparison of AMP technology with MGO (0.1%S); total air pollutant is reduced by 94% via decreasing SO2 23%, NOx 97%, PM 88%, CO 99%, VOC 64%. On the other hand, it is estimated that total released greenhouse gases are minimized by 41% via decreasing CO2 41%, N2O 85% and CH4 81%. Finally, total emission reduction was about 43%. The economic and environmental benefits to the port hinterland and its country has been estimated by finding external cost. Total externality cost of MGO for human health, ecosystem quality and climate change was found as about Euro 3 million while Euro 0,4 million occured from AMP.

In this study, it has been tried to develop a different perspective in the literature by determining the reflection of couple burnout of mothers, which is examined as a problem between couples or a personal problem, on the social development of children. The study was designed in the relational survey model, one of the general survey models. In the study, the Social Skills Assessment Scale was used to measure the social skills of children, and the Couple Burnout Scale Short Form was used to measure the mother's burnout level. According to the findings, a significant negative relationship was found between the Social Skills Scale's sub-dimensions of Initiating and Maintaining Relationships, Aggressive Behaviors and Coping Skills with Impulses, Planning, Group Communication and Conducting a Job Skills, and Social Skills Scale Total Score and Couple Burnout. It has been observed that couple burnout of mothers negatively and significantly predicts children's social skills and sub-dimensions of social skills, such as initiating and maintaining relationships, coping with aggressive behaviors and impulses, planning, communication with the group and running a business. It was concluded that the couple burnout of the mothers negatively predicted the social skills of the children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence to recommendations for secondary prevention and the achievement of treatment targets for the control of risk factors in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) who were followed-up at various healthcare facilities in Turkey. Methods: According to the protocol of the international Survey of Risk Factor Management study, questionnaire forms were completed and demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data of CHD patients who were followed-up at a total of 15 selected primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare centers were recorded. Results: Among a total of 724 CHD patients (69.8% male; mean age: 63.3+-10.7 years) included in the study, 18.4% were current smokers, only 19.1% had normal body mass index, and 22.1% had waist circumference below the limit of abdominal obesity. Physical activity was insufficient in 53% of the patients, 47.3% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol value, 46% had triglyceride level above 150 mg/dL, and 67% had glycated hemoglobin value of 6.5% or above. Of all the patients, 88.1% were using antiplatelet drugs, 71.4% were using beta-blockers, 55.7% were using statins, and 41.9% were using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Blood pressure was under control in 56.7% of the hypertensive patients using antihypertensive drugs, and the proportion of diabetic patients who reached glycemic control targets using antidiabetic drugs was 35.9%. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was below 70 mg/dL in 12.2% of the patients using statins. Conclusion: According to the data obtained, among Turkish CHD patients, the control rate of cardiovascular risk factors is low, and implementation of the recommendations regarding lifestyle modification and medication use for secondary prevention in the current guidelines are insufficient.

Objective: This study investigated the influence of the birth type to mothers earlypostpartum emotional emotional status.Methods: SCL-90-R psychological test was performed in 50 patients who had cesarean section and 50 patients who had vaginal delivery. SCL- 90- R consist of ten sub-scales: somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and a category of additional items. The subscale scores of the scale are obtained by dividing the score values of the answers given to the relevant items by the number of items forming the subscale. The points of all 90 items (0–4 points per item) were added and divided by 90 to obtain the general score. Patients with scores above 1 were considered to have a psychological problem. All test subtitles and total test values were statistically compared with the Student’s-t test and Mann–Whitney U test.Results: The average age of patients who had cesarean section was higher than that of those who had vaginal delivery (25.68±5.02 years versus 28.26±6.20 years). There were no statistical differences in terms of habits, social security, obstetric history, number of pregnancies, gestational age, labor findings, first- and fifth-minute Apgar scores, findings in newborns, and postpartum complications. The score of all subdivisions and the general score of SCL90-R were significantly higher in mothers who had cesarean section (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Viburnum opulus L. fruit extract against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced oxidative stress during the lung transplantation. For this purpose, 30 female rats were firstly randomized to form of donor and recipients. After then, the rats were divided into three groups named as control, I/R, and V. opulus + I/R. Experimental rats were subjected to lung transplantation with ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Transplantation-related lung injury was evaluated by multiple parameters. A significant decrease was observed in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of glutathione and total antioxidant status (TAS), whereas the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and protein carbonyl were significantly increased in lung tissue samples of I/R group in comparison to the control group. However, treatment with V. opulus fruit extract resulted in significant reduction of MDA and protein carbonyl levels and increment of the antioxidant system. In conclusion, V. opulus fruit extract showed protective effects against I/R-induced oxidative stress during lung transplantation probably by the radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this fruit extract can be efficient in the prevention of I/R-related lung toxicity.

The aim of this study is to present the implementation steps of an engineering design process-based activity. The activity was implemented with 6th-grade students; 21 students were involved. Various visuals were used to attract the students' attention during the introduction of the activity, and discussions were held about engineers and engineering. In the design process, students were asked to design a thermos that meets the criteria and limitations of the problem by following the eight-step engineering design process. The students researched the problem through information cards, suggested different solutions, and chose the one that solved the problem best among the alternatives. The activity continued with constructing and testing the thermos, sharing solutions, and determining the thermos design with the least temperature change. The students were asked to make suggestions to improve their thermos designs. The activity was evaluated by using the diagnostic tree, analytical rubric, and Draw an Engineer Test.

The aim of this study is to examine the feeling of being stuck and phone addiction levels of student participants in Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. The study group of the research consists of 97 female and 193 male students from Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. Personal information form prepared by the researcher, Smartphone Addiction scale and Feeling Stuck scale were used as data collection tools in the research. SPSS 25.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Independent T test was used for pairwise comparisons, one of the parametric tests for normally distributed values, and One Way Anova test was used for more than two encounters. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was used. A significant difference was found in the comparison of smartphone addiction scores between genders (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that there was a positive and significant correlation between the participants' feelings of stuckness scores and their smartphone addiction scores (p=0.01). According to the results, female students have a higher prevalence of smartphone addiction compared to males. Additionally, the study found that smartphone addiction exacerbates the feeling of being "stuck" often associated with depression.

This study has two main purposes. Firstly, to compare the different item selection methods and stopping rules used in Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) applications with simulative data generated based on the item parameters of the Vocational Maturity Scale. Secondly, to test the validity of CAT application scores. For the first purpose, simulative data produced based on Vocational Maturity Scale item parameters were analyzed under different item selection methods (Maximum Fisher Information [MFI], Maximum Likelihood Weighted Information [MLWI] Maximum Posterior Weighted Information [MPWI] Maximum Expected Information [MEI] Minimum Expected Posterior Variance [MEPV] Maximum Expected Posterior Weighted Information [MEPWI]) and stopping rules (Standard Error [SE]<0.30, SE<0.50, SE <0.70, Number of Item [NI]=10, NI=20) by calculating the average number of items, standard error averages, correlation coefficients, bias, and RMSE statistics. For all the conditions of the item selection methods, standard error averages, correlation coefficients, bias, and RMSE statistics showed similar results. When the average number of items is considered, MFI and SE<0.30 were found as most appropriate methods to be used in CAT application. For the second purpose of the study, the paper-pencil form of the Vocational Maturity scale and CAT version were administered to 33 students. A moderate, positive, and statistically significant relationship was found between the CAT application scores and the paper-pencil form scores on the vocational maturity scale. As a result, it can be said that the vocational maturity scale can be applied as a computerized adaptive test and can be used in career guidance processes.