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Objectives: Ovarian carcinomas are responsible for the death of more women than all other gynecologic malignancies in the Western world. Ovarian carcinomas are detected in an advanced stage of the disease in approximately 80% of the patients. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important family involved in the detoxification of several xenobiotics. Thus, this mechanism protects tissues from the harmful effects of oxidative stress and chemical-induced damages. The expression of them may contribute to the characteristics of ovarian carcinoma as they can metabolise both exogenous and endogenous compounds, which are implicated in the development of ovarian cancer. Therefore, our aim was to determine the expressions of GST Mu 1 (GSTM1), GST Pi 1 (GSTP1), and also p53, which is a tumor suppressor gene, in benign and malign ovarian tumors and metastasis tissues. Methods: A total of the 99 patients with ovarian tumor enrolled in the study. Thirty-one of the tissues was benign tumor, 17 was malign tumor and 51 was metastasis. The immunohistochemical GSTM1, GSTP1, and p53 staining characteristics of these tissues were investigated. Results: The highest GSTM1, GSTP1, and p53 expression was noted in the malignant group followed by the metastasis group. GSTP1 expression was significantly higher in malignant tissues than benign ones (p = 0.015). No statistically significant difference was observed in the level of GSTM1 expression between groups (p = 0.524). p53 expression was significantly higher in the metastasis and malignant tissues than the benign ones (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The higher expressions of GSTP1 and p53 in malignant and metastasis tissues than benign ones indicate that these expressions could be important biomarkers in ovarian cancer development and progression. Further studies with more cases are required to confirm the results of our present study.

Objective: Emergency surgical interventions due to colorectal cancer (CRC) obstruction are risk factors for poor prognosis. This study aims to compare emergency and elective surgeries for colorectal tumours performed in a single center. Material and Methods: CRC patients operated on between November 2014 and November 2019 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups; Patients operated under elective conditions, and patients operated under the emergency diagnosis of ileus or acute abdomen. Results: A total of 103 CRC patients were included in the study. Forty-five (43.7%) were operated in emergency situations, and 58 (56.3%) electively. 45.6% of the emergency cases were found to be Stage 3B and 4 (p=0.009). Bleeding and constipation were more common in elective cases, whereas in emergency cases, applications related to ileus and perforation were quite frequent (p

The most important drug metabolizing enzyme of the detoxification mechanism is known as Glutathione S-Transferase. GST enzymes may be associated with brain tumor epidemiology, clinical and demographic factors. The correlation between parameters such as changes in Glutathione S-transferase Theta1 proteins, tumor localizations, age, gender, alcohol use, smoking, chemotherapeutic/radiotherapeutic treatment status in normal and brain tumor tissues, diagnosed in neurosurgery department, were examined by immunohistochemistry. GST-Theta1 expressions were analyzed using immunostaining in samples from 149 patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2016 and 2018. The mean age of the patient group was 49.44 years. 83 (58.45%) patients were male. After immunohistochemical staining, GST-T1 expression was found approximately 9,46 times higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (p

A number of new molecular and genetic factors are currently being studied in determining the prognosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. In our study, we aimed to determine if there was a relationship between prognostic factors and expression of Matrixmatalloproteniase 2 (MMP-2), the tyrosine-kinase receptor CD117 (c-kit) and caspase-3. MMP2, c-kit and caspase-3 by immunohistochemical (IHC) method were studied in both intact and pathological tissue of the thyroid gland removed after surgery in patients with thyroid papillary cancer. Prognostic factors such as age, histological stage, extrathyroidal spread, metastasis, tumor size were also evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between prognosis and c-kit, MMP-2 and caspase-3 expression in patients (p>0.05). Clinicopathological parameters were thought to be more important than c-kit, caspase 3 and MMP2 in predicting prognosis in thyroid papillary cancers.

Postoperative adhesions can cause serious complications, including intestinal obstruction, chronic abdominopelvic pain, and infertility in women. Here we investigate the effects of disulfiram on the postoperative adhesion model. Female Wistar rats were used (n = 72). The animals were separated into six groups (12 rats per group): group 1 (control), group 2 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively), group 3 (50 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively), group 4 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively), group 5 (50 mg/kg disulfiram administered 14 days postoperatively only), and group 6 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered 14 days postoperatively only). A histopathologic examination was performed. Immunohistochemical stainings for matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2, and MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. The macroscopic adhesion scores were significantly lower in the disulfiram groups (groups 3, 4, and 6) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Inflammation scores were lower in all groups receiving disulfiram, but only reached statistical significance in group 4 (p < 0.05). In the immunohistochemical evaluation of the groups, MMP-9 was significantly lower in group 5 than group 4 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups for MMP-2 and VEGF. We found that disulfiram reduced postoperative adhesion formation. Disulfiram becomes more effective (by directly reducing inflammation) when initiated during the preoperative period at high doses.

Takci, Zennure/0000-0001-7257-5792 WOS:000539720000001 PubMed: 32433803 Background Data point to the importance of oxidative stress in rosacea. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have substantial roles in a wide variety of oxidative stress-related conditions. Aim To evaluate the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of GST alpha (GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP), and theta (GSTT) in patients with rosacea. Patients/Methods The study included 23 women and 7 men with rosacea (mean +/- SD age 49 +/- 11 year) and 15 healthy control subjects (10 women, 5 men; mean +/- SD age 47.86 +/- 10.88 year). For each patient, the average disease duration, disease subtype, ocular involvement, and severity score were recorded. A 3-mm punch biopsy was taken from the facial skin of each patient and control. Expression of GST isoenzymes was analyzed immunohistochemically. Results Expressions of GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 were significantly elevated in patients with rosacea compared to those in the control group (P = .0001,P = .0002,P < .0001, respectively). In the rosacea group, GSTT1 expression was significantly stronger than GSTP1 and GSTA1 expressions (P = .019,P < .0001, respectively). There were no significant associations between expressions of GST isoenzymes and gender, age, average duration of illness, disease subtype, ocular involvement, or severity score in the patient group (allP > .05). Conclusions In rosacea, the significant increase of GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 expressions might result from activation of GST as an outcome of extreme free radical generation from triggered neutrophils or ultraviolet vulnerability. These findings support the relevance of oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Yuzuncu Yil University Scientific ProjectYuzuncu Yil University [2012-TF-B014] This work was supported by Yuzuncu Yil University Scientific Project (2012-TF-B014).

Acute cholecystitis is a severe disease that requires urgent operation in some cases. To select suitable patients for a conservative approach, there is a need for an affordable and reliable marker for determining complication risk. Evaluation of systemic inflammatory markers in combination with other parameters such as white blood cell and the C-reactive protein might help to decide the appropriate treatment option. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in determining the risk of complicated acute cholecystitis and to compare with intraoperative and pathological findings.A total of 229 patients operated on for acute cholecystitis were included in this study. Intraoperative and pathologically complicated acute cholecystitis in 78 cases and controls group was 151 cases. The two groups were compared in terms of inflammation markers. Then, we used the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the optimal value for NLR and PLR concerning the severity of cholecystitis. Then, the differences in clinical symptoms were investigated according to the cutoff value for NLR and PLR.The NLR and PLR levels were found to be significantly higher in the complicated group (4.18±4.53 vs. 15.23±20.99, 145.34±87.58, and 251.92±245.93, respectively, p0.01). The best cutoff value for NLR and PLR was 5.5 and 146.90, respectively. Sensitivity for NLR was 80% and specificity was 80.1%. Sensitivity for PLR was 66.7% and specificity was 66.2%.Systemic inflammation markers can be used to predict the risk of complicated acute cholecystitis. They are inex-pensive tools that can be used to make surgical decisions, especially in resource scarce environments.

Metabolik işleyiş, etkileri ve neden olduğu hastalıklar açısından daha multidisipliner bir bakış açısıyla anlaşılması gereken obezite, son yıllarda prevalansı ve insidansı artan hastalıklardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu hastalığın metabolik yolunda önemli enzim gruplarından biri olan sitokrom p450 (CYP1A1 ve CYP1B1) izozimlerinin rolünün ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. 2017-2019 yılları arasında Ankara Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği'nde obezite tanısı konulan ve bariatrik cerrahi, ksenobiyotik metabolizması uygulanan 152 hastaya immünohistokimya yöntemiyle CYP1A1 ve CYPB1 izoenzimlerinin ekspresyonu araştırılmıştır. CYP1A1 açısından elde edilen bulgular; 152 kişide CYP1A1 ve CYP1B1 immünohistokimya boyama düzeyleri incelenen dokuların %12.7'sinde CYP1A1 ekspresyonu gözlenmezken; %33.3, %32.5 ve %21.4'te zayıf bir CYP1A1 ifadesi gözlenmiştir. Dokuların %71.4'ünde CYP1B1 ekspresyonu görülmezken, dokuların %28.6'sında zayıf ekspresyon izlenmiştir. Hiçbir dokuda orta veya güçlü CYP1B1 ekspresyonu gözlenmemiştir. Kadın hastalardan alınan dokuların ortalama CYP1A1 ve CYP1B1 boyama seviyeleri erkek hastalardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Klinik verilerden diyabet parametresi (p

Multidrugresistance is an important factor limiting the effect of chemotherapy on cancer treatment. Disorders of drug transport and apoptosis, deterioration of redox homeostasis are among the main mechanisms that lead to multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-FU on GST isozymes, drug resistance proteins and apoptotic proteins before and after 5-Flourouracil application on DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. The cytotoxic effect of 5-FU was measured by WST-1test and, the efficiency of drug application was, also, proved by double staining via Hoechst 33342 with Propidium iodide. Next, the expression levels of GST isozymes, drug resistance proteins and apoptotic proteins were determined by immunocytochemistry. The cytotoxic effect of 5-FU at different doses on DLD-1 colon cancer cell line was determined by WST-1 method. MRP-2, 3, 6, 7 of drug resistance proteins; GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTZ1, GSTK1 and GSTO1 of GST proteins; bcl-2, caspase-3, p38, and p53, which are apoptotic proteins, have higher expression in the drug-treated DLD-1 cell line. GSTS1, MDR-1 and MRP-1expressions were not immunocytochemically different. It was determined that there is a direct correlation between the level of cytotoxicity and applied drug concentration. The cytotoxic effect of the drug increased with the increase in the dose of the drug. In this study, as first in the literature, the expression levels of some apoptotic markers, GST isozymes and drug resistance proteinswere evaluated togetherand except GSTS1, MDR-1 and MRP-1, they were all upregulated with respect to the control group after 5-FU administration.

Introduction Biomarkers such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the colon tumor stage and prognosis. Therefore, in our study, we investigated whether these biomarkers are important in determining the colon cancer stage. Materials and methods The outcomes in 268 patients operated on with the diagnosis of colon cancer between January 2011 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship of the stage of the patients with the NLR or PLR was evaluated. In addition, according to the stage of colorectal tumors, stage I and other stages (stages II, III, and IV) were compared in terms of NLR and PLR. Groups that had lymph node (LN) metastasis were compared with those that did not. Finally, groups with and without metastasis were also compared. Results In our cohort, 144 patients (57.6%) were male, and 84 (42.4%) were female. The mean age was found to be 68.28 ±12.71 years. The patients were evaluated according to their stages: 26 patients were stage I, 78 patients were stage II, 75 patients were stage III, and 19 patients were stage IV. There was a significant difference in NLR values between the groups (p: 0.05). Also, 104 patients were LN-negative (stages I-II), and 94 patients were LN-positive (stages III-IV). When PLR was compared between the two groups, no significant difference was found between tumor stages and these values (p: 0.099). However, there was a significant difference in NLR values (p: 0.034). Conclusion Based on our findings, it has been concluded that increased PLR may not be associated with the colon cancer stage. However, the increase in NLR was found to be correlated with tumor stage and LN metastasis.

Giriş ve Amaç: Linitis plastika, diffüz infiltratif mide kanseri olup kötü prognoza sahiptir. Endoskopik olarak spesifik bir bulgusu olmadığı için tanınması güçtür. Endoskopik olarak şüphe edilse bile biyopsi ile tanı koymak da zor olabilir. Biz burada kliniğimizde linitis plastika tanısı konulan olgularımızı endoskopik özellikleri ile beraber paylaştık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Gastroenteroloji Kliniğinde 2009-2019 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Endoskopilerinde linitis plastika ön tanısı olan olgular bu tarihler arasında toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 28 hastadan linitis plastika ön tanısı ile biyopsi alınmış, bu olguların 5 tanesinde linitis plastika tanısı konulmuştur. Linitis plastika olan olguların hepsinde endoskopik olarak mide ekspansiyonunda kısıtlılık, gastrik foldlarda belirginleşme, mukozal erozyon ve ülserler vardı. Sonuç: Linitis plastik için belirtilmiş tipik bir endoskopik bulgu olmayıp mide ekspansiyonunda kısıtlılık ve gastrik foldlarda belirginleşme olan olgularda klinik şüphenin yüksek olması gerekir. İlk biyopsilerde linitis plastika tanısının konulmaması da sürpriz olmamalıdır.

Introduction Survivin expression is well known feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, there is no information about survivin expression in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Aim Investigating survivin expression in the liver of CHB patients. Material and methods This is a single-centre, cross-sectional study. Seventy-five CHB patients and eight control patients were enrolled into the study between 2008 and 2018. Immunohistochemical study was performed by using anti-survivin antibody to evaluate survivin immunoreactivity. Results Survivin immunoreactivity was significantly higher in CHB patients compared to controls (p = 0.008). Also, the degree of survivin immunoreactivity was significantly higher in CHB patients (p = 0.027). Between the anti-survivin-positive and anti-survivin-negative groups, baseline laboratory parameters and initial pathology features were not significantly different. Conclusions This is the first study evaluating survivin expression in CHB patients. Understanding the possible relationship between survivin expression and HCC development in this population can promote new studies in terms of new therapies and treatment timing.

"Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1" (SATB1) is a global genome organizer and is found to have effects on carcinogenesis and progression of various malignancies including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aimed to investigate the expression of SATB1 in CRC and colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP), the correlation between clinicopathologic parameters, and overall survival. We examined 227 CRCs and 129 CAPs. SATB1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We found higher SATB1 expression in adenomatous epithelium than in CRC tissues (55.0% vs. 42.7%, respectively) (P

Objective: Several factors play role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Among these factors, helicobacter pylori infection is supposed to be one of the causative factors. Previous studies were focused on investigation of the relationship between helicobacter pylori existence and colon carcinomas by particular serological diagnostic tests. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of the helicobacter pylori infection and the severity of inflammation related to this infection on the colon carcinomas and non carcinoma colon mass lesions(tubular adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma, hyperplastic polyp).Method: A retrospective study was conducted at Kecioren Teaching - Research Hospital between 2010 to 2018. The files of 657 patients who underwent colonoscopy and were diagnosed as colon benign or malign mass lesions were examined retrospectively from the hospital database. Two hundred five patients who had undergone both upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopies were included in the study. The presence and severity of inflammation due to helicobacter pylori were evaluated by histopathological examination of biopsies taken during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The severity of H. pylori inflammation was graded according to the Sydney classificationResults: In the comparison of colon carcinoma with other colon mass lesions group, there was no statistical significance in terms of gender (P= 0.094) and H. pylori serology (P= 0.998). However, the degree of inflammation was significantly high in patients with colon carcinoma than other colon mass lesions (P< 0.001).Conclusions: The fact that the severity of helicobacter pylori inflammation is higher in patients with colon carcinoma than patients with non-carcinoma colonic mass lesions suggests that inflammation due to helicobacter pylori may be more important than the presence of helicobacter pylori in the carcinogenesis of colon cancer.

Malignancies are rare causes of upper gastrointestinal system bleeding. Either primary malignancies of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum or metastatic lesions of these regions can cause hemorrhage. However metastatic lesions are rare compared to primary malignancies. Here, we have presented a renal cell carcinoma with duodenum metastasis, Maligniteler, üst gastrointestinal sistem GIS kanamalarının nadir nedenlerindendir. Kanamalar, özofagus, mide ve/veya duodenumun primer malignitelerine bağlı oluşabileceği gibi, bu bölgelere metastaz yapan diğer kanser tiplerine bağlı da oluşabilir. Metastazlara bağlı gelişen kanamalar daha nadir izlenir. Biz burada üst GIS kanaması ile kendini belli eden renal hücreli karsinomun duodenuma metastaz yapmış olan bir olguyu sunduk

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is increasingly used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although skin reactions to IVIg therapy are usually minor, rare, and not life-threatening, dermatologists need to recognize the nature of these adverse reactions. We describe a 33-year-old man suffering from demyelinating polyneuropathy who developed dyshidrotic eczema on the palms and flaky grayish-white scales on an erythematous base on his face after the administration of IVIg.

Giriş ve Amaç: Mide mukozasındaki Helicobacter pylori yoğunluğu, inflamasyonun aktivite derecesi, gastrit şiddeti ile eradikayon başarısı arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren çalışma sayısı sınırlıdır. Biz çalışmamamızda; Helicobacter pylori eradikasyon başarısı üzerine gastrit şiddetinin ve Sidney klasifikasyon parametrelerinin etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya; Temmuz 2017 ve Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonu patoloji olarak konmuş, eradikasyon için bizmut içeren standart dörtlü tedaviyi tamamlayan hastalar dahil edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 634 hasta dahil edildi. Antrumda atrofi varlığında Helicobacter pylori eradikasyon başarısı düşükken, intestinal metaplazi varlığında eradikasyon başarısı etkilenmemiştir (sırasıyla p=0,025 ve p >0,05); benzer şekilde korpustaki atrofi ve intestinal metaplazi olan grupta da eradikasyon başarısı daha azdı (sırasıyla p=0,016 ve p=0,01). Şiddetli gastrit gruplarında eradikasyon başarısızlığı daha fazlaydı (OLGA III-IV için p=0.015, OLGIM III-IV için p=0.032). Multiple lineer regresyon analizinde değerlendirildiğinde korpus intestinal metaplazi ve lenfoid agregasyon şiddeti bağımsız risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilmiştir (sırasıyla p=0.002 ve p=0.042). Sonuç: Gastrit ciddiyeti, intestinal metaplazi ve gastrik atrofi Helicobacter pylori eradikasyon tedavisi başarısı üzerinde negatif etki göstermektedir. Bu yüzden, patolojilerinde bu özelliklere sahip olan hastalarda tedavi protokolü ve tedavi süresi yeniden gözden geçirilmelidir.&nbsp

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolorektal kanserli hastalarımızın demografik özelliklerini ve tanı anındaki endoskopik özelliklerinin kolorektal kanserin patolojik özellikleri ile olan ilişkisini incelemeyi hedefledik.Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemiz Endoskopi Ünitesinde Ocak 2010-Ekim 2017 tarihleri arasında kolonoskopi esnasında kolorektal kanser ön tanısı ile biyopsi alınan ve patolojileri kolorektal kanser gelen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tümöre bağlı lüminal obstrüksiyon, tümörün makroskopik özellikleri gibi endoskopik özellikler ve kolorektal kanserin patolojik özellikleri retrospektif olarak incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 168 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların en sık başvuru şikayeti kabızlık olup kolonda kanserin en sık izlendiği yer sigmoid kolondu. Hematokezya sol kolon yerleşimli kanserlerde diğer bölgelerdekine göre anlamlı olarak daha sık izlendi (p=0.02). Cinsiyetler arasında başvuru şekli, kanser lokalizasyonu ve endoskopik obstrüksiyon farklılık göstermedi. Endoskopik obstrüksiyonu olan hastalarda kolorektal kanserin kötü diferansiasyonu anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (p=0.015).Sonuç: Endoskopun geçemeyeceği şekilde lüminal obstrüksiyonu olan hastaların yakından izlenmeleri, ameliyatlarının geciktirilmeden yapılması ve ameliyat sonrası daha kısa aralıklarla takibi bu hastaların sağkalımları üzerine etkili olabilir.

WOS: 000464382200009 PubMed: 30321868 Objective: Intracranial tumors are one of the most frightening and difficult-to-treat tumor types. In addition to surgery, protocols such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also take place in the treatment. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are prominent drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body. The aim of this study is to show the expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 in different types of brain tumors and compare our results with those in the literature. Subjects and Methods: The expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 was analyzed using immunostaining in 55 patients with intracranial tumors in 2016-2017. For GST and CYP expression in normal brain tissue, samples of a portion of surrounding normal brain tissue as well as a matched far neighbor of tumor tissue were used. The demographic features of the patients were documented and the expression results compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.72 years; 29 patients were female and 26 were male. Fifty-seven specimens were obtained from 55 patients. Among them, meningioma was diagnosed in 12, metastases in 12, glioblastoma in 9, and pituitary adenoma in 5. The highest GSTP1, GSTM1, and CYP1A1 expressions were observed in pituitary adenomas. The lowest GSTP1 expression was detected in glioblastomas and the lowest CYP1B1 expression in pituitary adenomas. Conclusion: GSTP1 and CYP expression is increased in intracranial tumors. These results should be confirmed with a larger series and different enzyme subtypes. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel Turkish Neurosurgical Society This study was partly supported by the Turkish Neurosurgical Society. We are grateful to Dr. Gulsah Kose for the statistical analysis.

Aim One challenge of malignant intracranial tumor (ICT) management is chemoresistance. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome p450 (CYP) are featured medicine degradation agents. MDR1, an outflow carrier, reduces drug accumulation into the multidrug-resistant cells. Our study aims to analyze the GSTP, GSTM, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and MDR1 expressions in malignant ICTs and to elicit their role on patient survival. Material and methods GSTP, GSTM, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and MDR1 expressions were analyzed using immunostaining in 149 samples from 141 patients with preoperative ICT diagnosis. The case characteristics were reviewed, and the enzyme expressions were equated based on the age, gender, and tumor type. Then, 77 of 141 patients with malignant ICT and complete medical records postoperative were also investigated in detail for the relationship between the diagnosis, enzyme expression, and overall survival. Results The average age was 49.44 years, with 83 (58.45%) male patients. Among the 77 malignant ICTs, 38 (49.3%) and 29 were glial tumors and metastases, respectively, with a 13.35-month overall survival. Patients with metastatic tumor have approximately threefold higher GSTP level than those with glial tumors. MDR1 expression was approximately twofold higher in 60-year-old patients. No statistically significant association was found between patients' smoking behaviors, alcohol consumption, and overall survival. Only MDR1 expression was correlated with overall survival. Better overall survival was observed in patients with a negative MDR1 expression than those with a positive one. Conclusion MDR1 is an important indicator of survival in malignant intracranial tumor patients. Longer survival is associated with negative MDR1 expression.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and progranulin in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and precancerous lesions (PCL) and to determine the usefulness of these markers as diagnostic biomarkers in these diseases. A total of 32 GC patients, 35 PCL patients, and 23 healthy controls participated in the study. The serum levels of VEGF, PEDF, TNF-α, and progranulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean serum VEGF levels were 30.6 ± 12.98 pg/mL in GC, 18.2 ± 5.72 pg/mL in PCL, and 17.5 ± 5.59 pg/mL in controls. GC VEGF levels were significantly higher than both PCL and control groups (p

Bozer, Busra/0000-0002-7280-4417 WOS: 000379669000016 PubMed: 27032026 Purpose: We investigated glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes in terms of their potential effects on the pathogenesis of pterygium. Methods: Twenty-six pterygium specimens and 15 normal conjunctival specimens of 15 control subjects were investigated. Expressions of GST (alpha, mu, pi, and theta) enzymes were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. A brown color in the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of epithelial cells was evaluated as positive staining for GST enzymes. For each antibody, the intensity of the reaction [negative (-), weak (1+), moderate (2+), or strong (3+)] was determined to describe the immunoreactions. Results: The median age was 52 years in the both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, sex, and intraocular pressure measurements (P > 0.05 for all). Of the 26 pterygium specimens, 15 (57.7%) (8 weak, 4 moderate, and 3 strong staining) were identified with GST pi-1 (GSTP1) expression and 20 (76.9%) (12 weak, 7 moderate, and 1 strong staining) with GST theta-1 (GSTT1) expression. Of the 15 control specimens, 4 (26.7%) (4 weak staining) were identified with the GSTP1 expression, and 1 (6.7%) with GSTT1 expression. GSTP1 and GSTT1 expressions were significantly higher in the pterygium specimens than in the controls (P = 0.043, P < 0.001; respectively). None of tissue specimens had positive staining for GST mu-1 or GST alpha-1 in both groups (both; P = 1.00). Conclusions: The significant increase of GSTP1 and GSTT1 expressions in pterygium may be because of the increased activation of GST in response to excessive free radical formation from ultraviolet exposure to maintain antioxidant capacity in pterygium.

Background and objectives: The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children is not well elucidated. An inelastic filum terminale (FT) is the main factor underlying the stretching of the spinal cord in TCS. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in children and fetal FT samples in order to understand the relationship between this enzyme expression and the development of TCS. Materials and Methods: FT samples were obtained from ten children with TCS (Group 1) and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. For comparison, FT samples from fifteen normal human fetuses (Group 2) were also analyzed using the same techniques. Statistical comparison was made using a Chi-square test. Results: Positive GST-sigma expression was detected in eight (80%) of 10 samples in Group 1. The positive GST-sigma expression was less frequent in nine (60%) of 15 samples from Group 2. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups (p = 0.197). Conclusions: Decreased FT elasticity in TCS may be associated with increased GST expression in FT. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of the GST&ndash, TCS relationship in children.

Objective: This study was designed to determine whether obesity causes the development of metaplasia in conjunctival epithelial cells. Material and Method: A total of 61 volunteer participants who had no previous history of illness or drug use were involved in this study. Of those, 20 were obese, and 41 were of normal weight. We measured the glucose and insulin values of all volunteers. We also measured the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR). The impression cytology method was used to analyze the conjunctival epithelium cells, and to classify them between Grades 0 to 3 according to the Nelson criteria. Results: There was a certain level of loss of goblet cells on the 90% level as well as squamous metaplasia (Grade 2-3) in 80% of the obese participants and impression cytology was found to be normal in only two patients. The expected results were observed in 56.1% of the control group where the squamous metaplasia rate was nearly 17% (p

Introduction Gastric cancer is ranked fourth among all cancers in the world and second in cancer-related deaths. Gastritis leads to the activation of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and platelets. Long-term inflammation leads to multistage histopathologic changes called Correa tract, which includes gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and cancer stages. Aim To determine if there is any difference in haematological parameters between gastric cancer (GC) patients, patients with IM, and healthy controls (HC). Material and methods Seventy-three GC patients, 79 patients with IM, and 70 HCs were included in the study. Demographics and laboratory parameters of complete blood count were extracted from the hospital medical database records. Results The mean Hb levels were statistically significant between all three groups. Mean red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cells (WBC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) levels were statistically significantly different between gastric cancer and healthy controls. Mean RDW, MPV, and PDW levels were statistically significantly different between the IM and healthy control groups. Mean WBC, NLR, PLR, and MLR levels were statistically significantly different between the gastric cancer and IM groups. Conclusions RDW, platelet count, NLR, MLR, and PLR have diagnostic value and can help to distinguish patients with GC from those with IM. These parameters are accessible easily, the cost is not high, and it may help patients not to delay endoscopic screening.

Background/aim: To investigate whether focal high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) determined by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) imaging is correlated with proliferation index in the colorectal region. Materials and methods: SUVmax values of 31 colorectal neoplasms that were incidentally detected during PET-CT examination were compared to dysplasia degree, histopathologic diagnosis, and immunohistochemical expression of the Ki-67 proliferation marker. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between SUVmax and Ki-67 proliferation index, dysplasia degree, and histopathologic diagnosis. Median SUVmax value was found to be significantly higher in high-risk lesions than low-risk lesions. Conclusion: The Ki-67 proliferation index is an indicator of SUVmax in colorectal tract. SUVmax values can predict malignancy and prognosis in this region. Colonoscopy and biopsy should always be performed whenever a focal high FDG uptake is determined incidentally in a patient.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Mercury exposure is encountered most commonly in individuals with amalgam fillings. The toxic, bactericidal, and immunosuppressive effects of mercury are well known. Furthermore, multiple antibiotic resistance can be transferred, together with mercury resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients with amalgam fillings and the effect of the amalgam fillings on H. pylori eradication rates in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred and seventy-five patients who presented with dyspeptic complaints and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric biopsy were included in this study. One hundred and sixty-nine (35.6%) patients were negative and 306 (64.4%) patients were positive for H. pylori. All of the participants underwent dental examinations in a blinded manner. The participants were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of amalgam fillings. The H. pylori-positive patients were divided randomly into three subgroups: patients who received concomitant therapy (CT) (rabeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin-metronidazole for 14 days; n=122); patients who received quadruple therapy (QT) (rabeprazole-tetracycline-metronidazole-colloidal bismuth subcitrate for 10 days; n=97); and patients who received levofloxacin-based therapy (LT) (rabeprazole-amoxicillin-levofloxacin for 10 days; n=87). Eradication success was detected by a urea breath test 6 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS The frequency of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in the filling group compared with the nonfilling group (53.7 and 78.8%, respectively; P

This study is aimed to investigate whether there are any histopathological differences between diabetic and idiopathic carpal tunnel syndromes. The biopsy specimens were taken from transverse carpal ligament (TCL), tenosynovium adjacent to median nerve and epineurium of median nerve and evaluated in 47 patients (21 diabetic and 26 idiopathic) who were diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and treated surgically with open carpal tunnel release. Fibroblast proliferation, fibrosis, perivascular inflammation, oedema, vascular proliferation and vascular wall thickness were determined and scored in all specimens. There weren’t any histopathological abnormalities in TCL specimens of both groups. Synovial hyperplasia, fibrosis and perivascular inflammation were not observed in tenosynovial analysis of both groups. Diabetic CTS patients, when compared with idiopathic CTS patients, had higher rates of synovial edema (idiopathic CTS 57 %, diabetic CTS 87 %), vascular proliferation (idiopathic CTS 30.8 %, diabetic CTS 90.5 %) and increased vascular wall thickness (idiopathic CTS 11.5 %, diabetic CTS 90.5 %). There was no oedema, fibrosis and perivascular inflammation of the epineurium in specimens of either group. But increases in vascular proliferation (idiopathic CTS 7.7 %, diabetic CTS 71.4 %) and vascular wall thickness (idiopathic CTS 3.8 %, diabetic CTS 71.4 %) was seen in the epineurium of diabetic patients and these differences were statistically significant (p

In this study we investigated the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYPB1, CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), GSTT1, GSTO1, GSTK1 isoenzymes in gastric tumor and surrounding tumor free (normal) gastric tissues from 40 patients. For immunohistochemical studies, tissues were obtained from 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Tumor and non-tumoral control tissues of patients were compared according to their staining intensity. Relationships between CYP and GST isoenzyme expressions in adenocarcinoma tissues were examined by the Mann Whitney-U test, and the clinicopathological data were examined by the Spearman’!s Rank Correlation test. CYP1B1, GSTT1, GSTO1 and GSTK1 expressions in gastric cancer cells were significantly higher than those in gastric normal epithelial cells (p< 0.05). However, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and GSTP1 expressions were not significantly higher in tumor epithelium than those in normal epithelium in human gastric adenocancer (p< 0.05). Among the studied CYPs and GSTs, there was not statistically significant association between the studied isoenzyme expressions and age, gender and tumor grade (p> 0.05). In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, CYP1B1, GSTO1, GSTT1, and GSTK1 protein expressions are higher in tumor than normal gastric tissues. © 2018, UHOD - Uluslararasi Hematoloji Onkoloji Dergisi. All rights reserved. Bu çalışmada, 40 gastrik kanser hastasında, tümörlü ve tümör periferinde bulunan normal dokularında sitokrom P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYPB1, CYP2E1 ve glutatyon S-transferaz P1 (GSTP1), GSTT1, GSTO1, GSTK1 izozimlerinin immünohis¬tokimyasal boyanma özellikleri araştırılmıştır. İmmünohistokimyasal çalışmalar için dokular, gastrik adenokarsinomalı 40 hastadan elde edildi. Hastaların tümör ve normal kontrol dokuları boyama yoğunluğuna göre karşılaştırıldı. Adenokarsinoma dokularında CYP ve GST izoenzimlerinin ekspresyonları arasındaki ilişki Mann Whitney-U testi ile ve klinikopatolojik veriler Spearman korelasyon rank testi ile incelendi. Gastrik kanserli dokularda CYP1B1, GSTT1, GSTO1 ve GSTK1 ekspresyonlarının normal dokulara oranla daha fazla olduğu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p< 0.05). Fakat, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 ve GSTP1 ekspresyonlarının normal dokulara oranla daha az olduğu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p< 0.05). Çalışılan CYP ve GST izozimlerinin ekspresyonları ile yaş ve cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı (p> 0.05). Gastrik adenokarsinomalı hastalarda, CYP1B1, GSTO1, GSTT1 ve GSTK1 protein ekspresyonları tümörlü dokuda, normal gastrik dokulardan daha yüksektir.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the architecture of these fine structures in human fetuses. The histological examination of medial wall (MW) and lateral wall (LW) was performed in 15 normal human fetuses. Eleven fetuses were female and four were male. The gestational age ranged between 14 and 35 weeks. The weight ranged between 180 and 1750 g. The wall samples (two MW and two LW from each fetus) were obtained by microsurgical technique and underwent histological examination. Each wall was examined for the structure and composition of collagen and elastic fibers, ganglions, peripheral nerves, and vessels. A total of 60 wall samples (30 MW and 30 LW) were examined in 15 fetuses. Loose connective tissue composed of type III collagen was observed in both of the walls. Elastic fibers were observed only in three wall samples (two MW and one LW). Ganglion was detected in 11 samples (nine in LW and two in MW), and peripheral nerve was found in 28 walls (18 LW and 10 MW). Vessels were observed in 51 samples (26 LW and 25 MW). None of the walls was stained with type I collagen. The structure of LW and MW of the cavernous sinus (CS) in fetuses is mainly composed of collagen tissue while some elastic fibers are supported by this tissue. Type III collagen is the main component of fetal CS walls. Because of the weak histological structure, CS may be more prone to tumor invasion in infants.

Tapisiz, Omer/0000-0002-7128-8086 WOS: 000348826200002 PubMed: 25462212 Objective: Montelukast, a selective antagonist of Type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLT(1)Rs), antagonizes the proinflammatory and proasthmatic activities of CysLT(1)Rs. We investigated the effect of montelukast on a surgically induced endometriosis rat model. Study design: Thirty-two sexually mature, cycling, female Wistar-Albino rats, in which endometriotic implants were surgically induced, were randomly divided into three groups. Group I [Montelukast (M), 10 rats)] was given 1.6 mg/kg/day of oral montelukast sodium. Group II [Leuprolide acetate (L), 11 rats] was given 1 mg/kg single dose of s.c.leuprolide acetate. Group III [Control (C), 11 rats] received saline solution through an orogastric tube and served as controls. After a 3-weeks medication, the rats were sacrificed to investigate the endometriotic implants for size and morphological and histological characteristics, including immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and VEGF. Results: The mean area of implants decreased from 48.2 +/- 24.7 to 293 +/- 15.8 mm(2) in Group I (M) (P = 0.008) and from 62 +/- 32.1 to 39.9 +/- 18.1 mm(2) in Group II(L) (P = 0.003). In Group III (C), the mean area increased from 41.1 +/- 31.1 to 60.4 +/- 37.1 mm(2) (P = 0.025). Histopathological analysis showed statistically significant lower scores in rats treated with montelukast compared to leuprolide and controls. MMP H scores were not different between the groups in both epithelial and stromal MMP-2 immunostaining. VEGF H scores were statistically lower in Group I (M) in epithelial VEGF immunostaining when compared to Group II(L) and Group III (C) (P = 0.006). Conclusion(s): Montelukast may effectively cause a significant decrease in the area of endometriotic implants. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose: To investigate human beta-defensins (HBDs) and cathelicidin LL-37 (LL-37) expressions in patients with pterygium. Methods: In this retrospective consecutive case series, 26 pterygium specimens and 15 normal conjunctival specimens of 15 control subjects were in vestigated. Expressions of HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3, and LL-37 were assessed using immuno histochemical staining. A brown color in the cytoplasm and/or nuclei of epithelial cells indicated positive staining for HBDs and LL-37. For each antibody, the intensity of the reaction (negative [-], weak [1+], moderate [2+], or strong [3+]) was determined to describe the immunoreactions. Results: The median age was 52 years in both groups. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the groups (p=0.583, p=0.355, respectively). Of the 26 pterygium specimens, 15 (57.7%) (14 weak, 1 moderate staining) showed HBD-2 expression, which was not observed in any of the control specimens. One (3.8%) pterygium and one (6.7%) control specimen demonstrated weak staining for HBD-3. HBD-2 expression was significantly higher in the pterygium specimens than in the controls (p=0.002). None of the tissue specimens had positive staining for HBD-1 or LL-37 in either group (both; p=1.00). Conclusions: HBD-2 expression was higher in pterygium specimens than in the controls. HBD-2 expression that might be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines may be related to inflammation and fibrovascular proliferation and may play a role in pterygium pathogenesis. RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as expressões beta defensinas humanas (HBD) e catelicidina em pacientes com pterígio. Métodos: Nesta série de casos retrospectivos consecutivos, 26 espécimes de pterígio e 15 espécimes conjuntivais normais de 15 indivíduos controle foram investigados. As expressões de HBD-1, HBD-2, HBD-3 e catelicidina (LL-37) foram avaliadas por coloração imuno-histoquímica. Uma cor castanha no citoplasma ou nos núcleos de células epiteliais foi definida como coloração positiva para HBDs e LL-37. Para cada anticorpo foi determinada a intensidade da reação (negativo [-], fraco [1+], moderado [2+] ou forte [3+]) para descrever as imunoreações. Resultados: A idade média foi de 52 anos em ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em termos de idade e sexo (p=0,583, p=0,355, respectivamente). Das 26 amostras de pterígio, 15 (57,7%) (14 fracas e 1 moderada) demonstraram a expressão de HBD-2 enquanto não foi encontrada em nenhum dos espécimes de controlo. Um dos pterígios (3,8%) e um dos espécimes de controlo (6,7%) demonstraram fraca coloração para HBD-3. A expressão de HBD-2 foi significati vamente maior nos espécimes de pterígio do que nos controles (p=0,002). Nenhum dos espécimes de tecido apresentou coloração positiva para HBD-1 ou LL-37 em ambos os grupos (ambos p=1,00). Conclusão: Encontramos aumento da expressão de HBD-2 em espécimes de pte rígio em relação aos controles. A expressão de HBD-2 que pode ser estimulada por citocinas inflamatórias pode estar relacionada com inflamação e proliferação fibrovascular e pode desempenhar um papel na patogênese do pterígio.

Object The structure of the filum terminale (FT) is important in the development of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children. Although many studies have been performed on the histological structure of the FT in adults, there has been no detailed investigation for those of fetuses. The aim of this study was to examine the histological structure of the FT in normal human fetuses and to compare the results with those of previous studies. Methods The histological examination of the FT was performed in 15 normal human fetuses; 11 of them were female and 4 were male. The gestational age of the fetuses ranged between 14 weeks and 35 weeks, and they weighed between 180 g and 1750 g. The FT of each fetus was cut and examined for adipose tissue, fibrous tissue, peripheral nerve, ganglion, ependymal cells, gliosis, elastic fibers, and collagen types (Types I and III). Results Adipose tissue was observed in 2 specimens (13%), whereas fibrous tissue was found in 8 specimens. Peripheral nerve was detected in 11 (73%), ganglion in 6, ependymal cells in 5, and glial tissue in 7 FT samples. Type III collagen was present in 12 specimens (80%) with different concentrations, whereas Type I collagen and elastic fibers were not detected. Conclusions The normal structure of the FT in fetuses is different from its structure in adults. The FT has no elasticity during intrauterine life because of the lack of elastic fibers. More detailed studies are needed to understand the histological basis of TCS in children.

The use of immediate on-site evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens can determine the adequacy of specimens and provides a specific preliminary diagnosis. In this prospective study, we evaluated the impact of on-site assessment of thyroid FNAB performed under ultrasound guidance. Totally, 204 (170 female, 34 male) patients (102 on site, 102 control group) were included. The patients were randomized on site and regular cytologic examination groups. Quick May-Grunwald Giemsa stain was used for on-site examination and FNA was continued until adequate aspirate for optimal cytological examination. Two (2.0 %) of the 102 patients evaluated with on-site examination had a nondiagnostic result. However, 16 (15.7 %) of the 102 patients examined by regular cytologic examination method, had nondiagnostic result. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p

Mastocytosis is a relatively infrequent disorder characterized by mast cell proliferation within primarily the skin, but also various organs such as the bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and the gastrointestinal system. Several factors are known to induce symptoms in patients with mastocytosis. A 13-year-old boy with cutaneous mastocytosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus developed multiple itchy papules 2 to 3 days after he started receiving insulin (lispro) pump therapy. Punch biopsy revealed widespread mast cell infiltration on the papillary dermis. We hypothesized that the insulin pump catheter caused a physical stimulus due to local microtrauma and resulted in the formation of the lesions. We, therefore, discontinued insulin pump treatment and switched to SC insulin therapy. While previous lesions healed successfully, no new lesions occurred. To confirm our hypothesis, we repeated the procedure and observed the occurrence of similar lesions around the insulin pump catheter. Herein, we present for the first time, a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and cutaneous mastocytosis who developed exacerbation of lesions during insulin pump therapy.