42 results on '"Götzenberger L"'
Search Results
2. Functional trait effects on ecosystem stability: assembling the jigsaw puzzle
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de Bello, F., Lavorel, S., Hallett, L.M., Valencia, E., Garnier, E., Roscher, Christiane, Conti, L., Galland, T., Goberna, M., Májeková, M., Montesinos-Navarro, A., Pausas, J.G., Verdú, M., Vojtkó, A.E., Götzenberger, L., Lepš, J., de Bello, F., Lavorel, S., Hallett, L.M., Valencia, E., Garnier, E., Roscher, Christiane, Conti, L., Galland, T., Goberna, M., Májeková, M., Montesinos-Navarro, A., Pausas, J.G., Verdú, M., Vojtkó, A.E., Götzenberger, L., and Lepš, J.
- Abstract
Under global change, how biological diversity and ecosystem services are maintained in time is a fundamental question. Ecologists have long argued about multiple mechanisms by which local biodiversity might control the temporal stability of ecosystem properties. Accumulating theories and empirical evidence suggest that, together with different population and community parameters, these mechanisms largely operate through differences in functional traits among organisms. We review potential trait-stability mechanisms together with underlying tests and associated metrics. We identify various trait-based components, each accounting for different stability mechanisms, that contribute to buffering, or propagating, the effect of environmental fluctuations on ecosystem functioning. This comprehensive picture, obtained by combining different puzzle pieces of trait-stability effects, will guide future empirical and modeling investigations.
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- 2021
3. Macroevolutionary patterns in European vegetation
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Lososová, Z., Divíšek, J., Chytrý, M., Götzenberger, L., Těšitel, J., Mucina, L., Duarte, L., Lososová, Z., Divíšek, J., Chytrý, M., Götzenberger, L., Těšitel, J., Mucina, L., and Duarte, L.
- Abstract
Question Habitat‐specific species pools are shaped by ecological and evolutionary processes such as speciation, extinction, and migration. However, their role is poorly known because of the lack of robust data on species pools across a large number of plant community types and large areas. Here, we analyse a unique dataset of species pools of diagnostic species for all European vegetation types, asking: (a) what are the patterns of phylogenetic structure and phylogenetic beta‐diversity across European vegetation types and biomes; (b) what are the drivers of these patterns; and (c) is there a signal of niche conservatism at the level of biomes and broad categories of vegetation types? Location Europe, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cyprus, Caucasus, Iceland and Greenland. Methods We built a dataset comprising 10,804 vascular plant species (almost 85% of the European flora) assigned to 106 vegetation types representing all European vegetated habitats, grouped into 11 biomes. This dataset represented habitat‐specific species pools. We analysed the phylogenetic structure of the species pools and related it to distribution range sizes of individual vegetation types, their successional status, levels of disturbance and environmental stress. Results In European vegetation, phylogenetic overdispersion is associated with late‐successional habitats: several forest types, aquatic vegetation, and rock‐cliff vegetation serve as depositories of relict lineages. In contrast, phylogenetic clustering is typical of early successional and disturbed vegetation in anthropogenic, coastal and saline habitats, and in open‐canopy Mediterranean vegetation. The phylogenetic similarity of vegetation types is higher within than between broad categories of vegetation types and biomes. Conclusions The variable phylogenetic structure of European vegetation types is a heritage of evolutionary processes in the Tertiary and Quaternary. Habitat‐specific species pools of different vegetation types an
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- 2020
4. The neglected importance of floral traits in trait‐based plant community assembly
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Vojtkó, A.E., de Bello, F., Durka, Walter, Kühn, Ingolf, Götzenberger, L., Vojtkó, A.E., de Bello, F., Durka, Walter, Kühn, Ingolf, and Götzenberger, L.
- Abstract
Aims Floral traits are frequently studied in population biology and evolutionary ecology but are rarely considered in functional trait‐based studies focusing on the assembly of communities. We address this gap in trait‐based community assembly by synthesizing the existing literature on processes driving floral and pollination‐related trait patterns at community scales. We highlight limitations of the field due to lack of data and suggest potential directions of future research. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search collating studies that investigated floral traits in the context of plant community assembly, which allowed us to synthesise the current state of the art and point out important gaps in knowledge. Conclusions The literature review shows that including pollination related traits in community assembly studies can shed new light on species coexistence patterns not accounted by other types of traits. The synthesis presented here shows the diversity of approaches and existing techniques which can generate a step forward in this open field of research. What currently seems to hinder comprehensive analyses of floral traits at community levels is the lack of data, particularly in existing large repositories for traits worldwide, as well as a gap in linking modern co‐existence theory with floral traits.
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- 2020
5. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale
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National Science Foundation (US), New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, University of Minnesota, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Comunidad de Madrid, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], García-González, Ricardo [0000-0001-5625-8690], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique, de Bello, Francesco, Galland, Thomas, Adler, Peter B., Lepš, J., E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Klink, Roel van, Carmona, Carlos P., Danihelka, Jiří, Dengler, Jürgen, Eldridge, David J., Estiarte, Marc, García-González, Ricardo, Garnier, Eric, Gómez García, Daniel, Harrison, Susan P., Herben, Tomas, Ibáñez, Ricardo, Jentsch, Anke, Juergens, Norbert, Kertész, Miklós, Klumpp, Katja, Louault, Frédérique, Marrs, Rob H., Ogaya, Romá, Ónodi, Gábor, Pakeman, Robin J., Pardo, Iker, Pärtel, Meelis, Peco, Begoña, Peñuelas, Josep, Pywell, Richard F., Rueda, Marta, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Schmiedel, Ute, Schuetz, Martin, Skalova, Hana, Šmilauer, Petr, Šmilauerová, Marie, Smit, Christian, Song, Ming‐Hua, Stock, Martin, Val, James, Vandvik, Vigdis, Ward, David, Wesche, Karsten, Wiser, Susan K., Woodcock, Ben A., Young, Truman P., Yu, Fei‐Hai, Zobel, Martin, Götzenberger, Lars, National Science Foundation (US), New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, University of Minnesota, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Comunidad de Madrid, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], García-González, Ricardo [0000-0001-5625-8690], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique, de Bello, Francesco, Galland, Thomas, Adler, Peter B., Lepš, J., E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Klink, Roel van, Carmona, Carlos P., Danihelka, Jiří, Dengler, Jürgen, Eldridge, David J., Estiarte, Marc, García-González, Ricardo, Garnier, Eric, Gómez García, Daniel, Harrison, Susan P., Herben, Tomas, Ibáñez, Ricardo, Jentsch, Anke, Juergens, Norbert, Kertész, Miklós, Klumpp, Katja, Louault, Frédérique, Marrs, Rob H., Ogaya, Romá, Ónodi, Gábor, Pakeman, Robin J., Pardo, Iker, Pärtel, Meelis, Peco, Begoña, Peñuelas, Josep, Pywell, Richard F., Rueda, Marta, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Schmiedel, Ute, Schuetz, Martin, Skalova, Hana, Šmilauer, Petr, Šmilauerová, Marie, Smit, Christian, Song, Ming‐Hua, Stock, Martin, Val, James, Vandvik, Vigdis, Ward, David, Wesche, Karsten, Wiser, Susan K., Woodcock, Ben A., Young, Truman P., Yu, Fei‐Hai, Zobel, Martin, and Götzenberger, Lars
- Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability.
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- 2020
6. Directional trends in species composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of year-to-year asynchrony
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National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, European Research Council, Estonian Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Czech Science Foundation, German Federal Environmental Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique, de Bello, Francesco, Lepš, J., Galland, Thomas, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Conti, Luisa, Danihelka, Jiří, Dengler, Jürgen, Eldridge, David J., Estiarte, Marc, García-González, Ricardo, Garnier, Eric, Gómez García, Daniel, Harrison, Susan P., Herben, Tomas, Ibáñez, Ricardo, Jentsch, Anke, Juergens, Norbert, Kertész, Miklós, Klumpp, Katja, Louault, Frédérique, Marrs, Rob H., Ónodi, Gábor, Pakeman, Robin J., Pärtel, Meelis, Peco, Begoña, Peñuelas, Josep, Rueda, Marta, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Schmiedel, Ute, Schuetz, Martin, Skalova, Hana, Šmilauer, Petr, Šmilauerová, Marie, Smit, Christian, Song, Ming‐Hua, Stock, Martin, Val, James, Vandvik, Vigdis, Wesche, Karsten, Woodcock, Ben A., Young, Truman P., Yu, Fei‐Hai, Zobel, Martin, Götzenberger, Lars, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, European Research Council, Estonian Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Czech Science Foundation, German Federal Environmental Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique, de Bello, Francesco, Lepš, J., Galland, Thomas, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Conti, Luisa, Danihelka, Jiří, Dengler, Jürgen, Eldridge, David J., Estiarte, Marc, García-González, Ricardo, Garnier, Eric, Gómez García, Daniel, Harrison, Susan P., Herben, Tomas, Ibáñez, Ricardo, Jentsch, Anke, Juergens, Norbert, Kertész, Miklós, Klumpp, Katja, Louault, Frédérique, Marrs, Rob H., Ónodi, Gábor, Pakeman, Robin J., Pärtel, Meelis, Peco, Begoña, Peñuelas, Josep, Rueda, Marta, Schmidt, Wolfgang, Schmiedel, Ute, Schuetz, Martin, Skalova, Hana, Šmilauer, Petr, Šmilauerová, Marie, Smit, Christian, Song, Ming‐Hua, Stock, Martin, Val, James, Vandvik, Vigdis, Wesche, Karsten, Woodcock, Ben A., Young, Truman P., Yu, Fei‐Hai, Zobel, Martin, and Götzenberger, Lars
- Abstract
Questions. Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year‐to‐year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year‐to‐year species fluctuations in the presence of long‐term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year‐to‐year synchrony. Methods. An approach based on three‐term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three‐year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This “detrending” approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant “control” conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results. Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year‐to‐year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions. Species’ long‐term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year‐to‐year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on communit
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- 2020
7. The neglected importance of floral traits in trait‐based plant community assembly
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Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Science Foundation, E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Durka, Walter [0000-0002-6611-2246], Kühn, Ingolf [0000-0003-1691-8249], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], E‐Vojtkó, Anna, de Bello, Francesco, Durka, Walter, Kühn, Ingolf, Götzenberger, Lars, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Science Foundation, E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Durka, Walter [0000-0002-6611-2246], Kühn, Ingolf [0000-0003-1691-8249], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], E‐Vojtkó, Anna, de Bello, Francesco, Durka, Walter, Kühn, Ingolf, and Götzenberger, Lars
- Abstract
Aims: Floral traits are frequently studied in population biology and evolutionary ecology but are rarely considered in functional trait-based studies focusing on the assembly of communities. We address this gap in trait-based community assembly by synthesizing the existing literature on processes driving floral and pollination-related trait patterns at community scales. We highlight limitations of the field due to lack of data and suggest potential directions of future research. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search collating studies that investigated floral traits in the context of plant community assembly, which allowed us to synthesize the current state of the art and point out important gaps in our knowledge. Conclusions: The literature review shows that including pollination-related traits in community assembly studies can shed new light on species coexistence patterns not accounted for by other types of traits. The synthesis presented here shows the diversity of approaches and existing techniques which can generate a step forward in this open field of research. What currently seems to hinder comprehensive analyses of floral traits at community levels is the lack of data, particularly in existing large repositories for traits worldwide, as well as a gap in linking modern coexistence theory with floral traits.
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- 2020
8. Are redundancy indices redundant? An evaluation based on parameterized simulations
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Czech Science Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas, Carmona, Carlos P., Götzenberger, Lars, Valencia, Enrique, de Bello, Francesco, Czech Science Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas, Carmona, Carlos P., Götzenberger, Lars, Valencia, Enrique, and de Bello, Francesco
- Abstract
Functional redundancy is considered a major component of the insurance mechanism, which theoretically maintains ecosystem stability by preventing the loss of ecosystem functions with species loss. Over the past decades, examination of functional trait patterns to elucidate processes of community stability and ecosystem functioning have stimulated considerable amount of research in ecology. As a result, a multitude of indices have been developed, describing community functional structure with various levels of overlap in their methodology. Here, we review the set of indices that have been suggested to measure the level of redundancy in traits among species in ecological communities. We first evaluate the correlations among redundancy indices and classical indices of community taxonomic and functional structure (species richness, Simpson diversity, functional richness, evenness and divergence). Second, we estimate the predictive power of these indices in terms of community vulnerability to species loss. Finally, we assess the sensitivity of the results to scenarios with different species loss orders. We simulated communities with different levels of taxonomic and functional structure (richness, evenness and divergence). Then, we simulated four scenarios of species loss order (abundance, functional uniqueness, environmental sensibility and random). The vulnerability of communities was estimated by the changes in community structural parameters (functional richness, functional divergence and biomass) as species were progressively removed from the initial communities. Our results showed that four out of the five redundancy indices tested were strongly correlated (Pearson R > ∣0.6∣) with at least one of the classical indices of community structure. Those correlations partly explained why the redundancy indices did not outperform classical indices in predicting community vulnerability to species loss. The fifth redundancy index (FredD) was the least correlated with classic
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- 2020
9. Trait-based ecology tools in R
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), University of South Bohemia, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, VU University Amsterdam, University of Groningen, University of Tartu, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900 ], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198 ], Dias, Andre T. C. [0000-0001-8847-5753], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Götzenberger, Lars, de Bello, Francesco, Dias, Andre T. C., Moretti, Marco, Berg, Matty P., Carmona, Carlos P., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), University of South Bohemia, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, VU University Amsterdam, University of Groningen, University of Tartu, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900 ], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198 ], Dias, Andre T. C. [0000-0001-8847-5753], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Götzenberger, Lars, de Bello, Francesco, Dias, Andre T. C., Moretti, Marco, Berg, Matty P., and Carmona, Carlos P.
- Abstract
Functional ecology is the branch of ecology that focuses on various functions that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. The present R material is accompanying the book “Handbook of trait-based ecology: from theory to R tools” (Cambridge University Press) (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/handbook-of-traitbased-ecology/D79AC6C55CA7D3977AD297ED30A38EF0 ) which offers the main concepts and tools in trait-based ecology, and their tricks, covering different trophic levels and organism types. The book, and this accompanying R material, are designed for students, researchers and practitioners who wish to get a handy synthesis of existing concepts, tools and trends in trait-based ecology, and wish to apply it to their own field of interest. For 9 of the 12 chapters of the book, specific R material is presented here. Exercises specifically designed to be run in R, are included, along with accompanying on-line resources including solutions for exercises and R functions, and updates reflecting current developments in this fast-changing field. This R material includes different type of indices of biodiversity and the typical toolbox for a functional ecologist. Based on more than a decade of teaching experience, the authors developed and improved the way theoretical aspects and analytical tools of trait-based ecology are best explained and introduced to readers.
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- 2020
10. Peer Review #2 of "Patterns of change in α and β taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the secondary succession of semi-natural grasslands in the Northern Apennines (v0.1)"
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Götzenberger, L, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Colonization resistance and establishment success along gradients of functional and phylogenetic diversity in experimental plant communities
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Czech Science Foundation, European Commission, Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Adeux, Guillaume [0000-0003-0903-391X], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Orbán, Ildikó [0000-0003-1547-675X], Lussu, Michele [0000-0002-1313-4732], Puy, J. [0000-0002-6422-2791], Blažek, Petr [0000-0002-0901-4578], Lanta, Vojtech [0000-0003-4484-3838], Lepš, J.[0000-0002-4822-7429], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Galland, Thomas, Adeux, Guillaume, Dvořáková, Hana, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Orbán, Ildikó, Lussu, Michele, Puy, J., Blažek, Petr, Lanta, Vojtech, Lepš, J., de Bello, Francesco, Carmona, Carlos P., Valencia, Enrique, Götzenberger, Lars, Czech Science Foundation, European Commission, Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Adeux, Guillaume [0000-0003-0903-391X], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Orbán, Ildikó [0000-0003-1547-675X], Lussu, Michele [0000-0002-1313-4732], Puy, J. [0000-0002-6422-2791], Blažek, Petr [0000-0002-0901-4578], Lanta, Vojtech [0000-0003-4484-3838], Lepš, J.[0000-0002-4822-7429], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Galland, Thomas, Adeux, Guillaume, Dvořáková, Hana, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Orbán, Ildikó, Lussu, Michele, Puy, J., Blažek, Petr, Lanta, Vojtech, Lepš, J., de Bello, Francesco, Carmona, Carlos P., Valencia, Enrique, and Götzenberger, Lars
- Abstract
Functional and phylogenetic diversity (FD and PD respectively) of the resident community are expected to exert a key role in community resistance to colonization by surrounding species, and their establishment success. However, few studies have explored this topic experimentally or evaluated the interactive effects of these diversity measures. We implemented a diversity experiment to disentangle the role of FD and PD by sowing mixtures of 6 species, drawn from a pool of 19 species naturally coexisting in central European mesic meadows. The mixtures were designed to cover four independent combinations of high and low FD and PD. Species covers were estimated in spring and late summer over two growing seasons. We then assessed the establishment success of colonizers as a function of their mean traits and phylogenetic distance to the resident (i.e. sown) communities, as well as the resistance of the resident communities to natural colonizers as a function of their functional and phylogenetic structure. Results generally indicated a temporal shift regarding which trait values made a colonizer successful, from an acquisitive strategy in early stages to a more conservative trait syndrome in later stages. FD decreased community resistance to natural colonization. However, PD tempered this effect: with high PD, FD was not significant, suggesting complementary information between these two components of biodiversity. On average, colonizing species were more functionally distant from the resident species in sown communities with high functional diversity, i.e. those that were more colonized. Synthesis. Our results confirm an interplay between FD and PD during community assembly processes, namely resistance to colonizers, suggesting that these two descriptors of biodiversity only partially overlap in their contribution to the overall ecological structure of a community. The hypothesis that higher FD increases resistance through a more complete use of resources was challenged. R
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- 2019
12. Self‐compatibility and autonomous selfing of plants in meadow communities
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Bartoš, M., primary, Janeček, Š., additional, Janečková, P., additional, Padyšáková, E., additional, Tropek, R., additional, Götzenberger, L., additional, Klomberg, Y., additional, and Jersáková, J., additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Applying the dark diversity concept to nature conservation
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Lewis, RJ, de Bello, F, Bennett, JA, Fibich, P, Finerty, GE, Götzenberger, L, Hiiesalu, I, Kasari, L, Lepš, J, Májeková, M, Mudrák, O, Riibak, K, Ronk, A, Rychtecká, T, Vitová, A, and Pärtel, M
- Abstract
Linking diversity to biological processes is central for developing informed and effective conservation decisions. Unfortunately, observable patterns provide only a proportion of the information necessary for fully understanding the mechanisms and processes acting on a particular population or community. We suggest conservation managers use the often overlooked information relative to species absences and pay particular attention to dark diversity (i.e., a set of species that are absent from a site but that could disperse to and establish there, in other words, the absent portion of a habitat-specific species pool). Together with existing ecological metrics, concepts, and conservation tools, dark diversity can be used to complement and further develop conservation prioritization and management decisions through an understanding of biodiversity relativized by its potential (i.e., its species pool). Furthermore, through a detailed understanding of the population, community, and functional dark diversity, the restoration potential of degraded habitats can be more rigorously assessed further and so to the likelihood of successful species invasions. We suggest the application of the dark-diversity concept is currently an underappreciated source of information that is valuable for conservation applications ranging from macroscale conservation prioritization to more locally scaled restoration ecology and the management of invasive species. Introduction Conservation biology has strong scientific underpinnings (e.g. Tansley 1949). Early in its formalisation as a science, the necessity for ecologically relevant metrics for use in quantifying the diversity of plant and animal communities was recognized. Nevertheless, formulating and empirically testing theory to support observed biodiversity patterns has always presented the greater challenge. Linking patterns to processes is absolutely central to nature conservation because it allows one to identify and resolve problems that adversely impact biodiversity (Watt 1947), one of the ultimate goals of conservation. Still, the large number of mechanisms and processes underpinning observed ecological patterns is of such complexity that attributing patterns to processes has been described as an inseparable “mess” (Lawton 1999). However, what if ecological mechanisms and processes can only be partially linked to observable patterns? From this perspective, perhaps it becomes less alarming that observable patterns reflect only a proportion of the bigger picture. It also raises an interesting question. Can knowledge of absences complement the understanding of ecological processes? The recently developed concept of dark diversity (which sets absences within the species-pool framework) (Fig. 1) emphasizes the value of understanding absent species in addition to observed species. Strictly, dark diversity encompasses all species that are currently absent from a site but have the potential to disperse and establish there (Pärtel et al. 2011) (i.e., those species belonging to a site’s habitat-specific species pool, also referred to as the “filtered” species pool [Cornell & Harrison 2014; Zobel 2016]). We considered the state of the art surrounding absent species in ecology, specifically dark diversity, and how including both absent and observed species has vast potential to improve understanding of how biological diversity is governed and maintained. We illustrate our viewpoint by clarifying how measuring, monitoring, and understanding dark diversity can prove beneficial in the context of 3 facets of conservation biology: biodiversity conservation, habitat restoration, and species invasion management.
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- 2017
14. Self‐compatibility and autonomous selfing of plants in meadow communities.
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Bartoš, M., Janeček, Š., Janečková, P., Padyšáková, E., Tropek, R., Götzenberger, L., Klomberg, Y., Jersáková, J., and Scopece, G.
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PLANT communities ,PLANT evolution ,POLLINATION ,GERMINATION ,MATE plant ,POLLINATORS ,POLLEN - Abstract
One of the most fundamental, although controversial, questions related to the evolution of plant mating systems is the distribution of outcrossing rates. Self‐compatibility, and especially autonomous self‐pollination, can become particularly beneficial in anthropogenically degraded habitats with impoverished pollinator assemblages and increased pollen limitation.In a hand‐pollination experiment with 46 meadow plants from the Železné hory Mts., Czech Republic, we evaluated the species' ability to adopt different mating systems. For a subset of the species, we also tested seed germination for inbreeding depression. Subsequently, we analysed relationships between the species' mating systems and 12 floral and life‐history traits.We found a relatively discrete distribution of the studied species into four groups. Fully and partially self‐incompatible species formed the largest group, followed by self‐compatible non‐selfers and mixed mating species. The germination experiment showed an absence of inbreeding depression in 19 out of 22 examined species. Nectar sugar per flower, nectar sugar per shoot and dichogamy were significant associated with the mating system.Spontaneous selfing ability and self‐incompatibility in species of the meadow communities had a discrete distribution, conforming to the general distribution of mating and breeding systems in angiosperms. The low frequency of spontaneous selfers and the lack of inbreeding depression at germination suggest the existence of a selection against selfing at the later ontogenetic stages. Some floral traits, such as the level of dichogamy and amount of nectar reward, may strongly impact the balance between selfing and outcrossing rates in the self‐compatible species and thus shape the evolution of mating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Distribution patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plant species in Germany
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Menzel, Andreas, Hempel, S., Manceur, Marc Ameur, Götzenberger, L., Moora, M., Rillig, M.C., Zobel, M., Kühn, Ingolf, Menzel, Andreas, Hempel, S., Manceur, Marc Ameur, Götzenberger, L., Moora, M., Rillig, M.C., Zobel, M., and Kühn, Ingolf
- Abstract
We analysed the spatial distribution patterns of plant species’ arbuscular mycorrhizal status across an intermediate geographical scale (i.e. the country of Germany) and related these distributions to environmental drivers. Three levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal status of plant species could be defined: (1) obligate arbuscular mycorrhizal species that are always colonised by mycorrhizal fungi, (2) facultative arbuscular mycorrhizal species that are colonised under some conditions but not colonised under others and (3) non-mycorrhizal species that are never found to be colonised by mycorrhizal fungi. We aimed to investigate whether plant species assemblages at the studied grid cell scale are composed of different proportions of species regarding their arbuscular mycorrhizal status, and whether the variation of these proportions can be linked to the geographical variation of ecological and environmental factors. We fitted a vector generalised additive model (VGAM) for log-ratios of proportions of plant species’ arbuscular mycorrhizal status per grid cell (2859 grid cells, each c. 130 km2). The spatially explicit plant arbuscular mycorrhizal status distribution model was based on environmental predictors related to climate, geology and land use. The spatial distribution of plant arbuscular mycorrhizal status can be explained as a function of nine environmental predictors (D2 = 0.54). Proportion of obligate arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species per grid cell increased with increasing temperature range, mean annual temperature, urban area and area of lime as geological parent material and decreased with increasing area of mixed forest and coniferous forest. Annual temperature range was by far the most important predictor. These results extend the comparative context of former studies that established relationships between mycorrhizal status and other plant characteristics at species level, including those describing species ecological requiremen
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- 2016
16. Mycorrhizas in the Central European flora - relationships with plant life history traits and ecology
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Hempel, S., Götzenberger, L., Kühn, Ingolf, Michalski, Stefan, Rillig, M.C., Zobel, M., Moora, M., Hempel, S., Götzenberger, L., Kühn, Ingolf, Michalski, Stefan, Rillig, M.C., Zobel, M., and Moora, M.
- Abstract
Plant traits have been widely used to characterize different aspects of the ecology of plant species. Despite its wide distribution and its proven significance at the level of individuals, communities and populations, the ability to form mycorrhizal associations has been largely neglected in these studies so far. Analyzing plant traits associated with the occurrence of mycorrhizas in plants can therefore enhance our understanding of plant strategies and distributions. Using a comparative approach, we tested for associations between mycorrhizal status and habitat characteristics, life-history traits and plant distribution patterns in 1752 species of the German flora (a major part of the Central European flora). Data were analyzed using log-linear models or generalized linear models, both accounting for phylogenetic relationships. Obligatorily mycorrhizal (OM) species tended to be positively associated with higher temperature, drier habitats, higher pH; and negatively with moist, acidic and fertile soils. Competitive species were more frequently OM and stress tolerators non-mycorrhizal (NM), while ruderal species did not show any preference. Facultatively mycorrhizal (FM) species showed the widest geographic and ecological amplitude. Indigenous species were more frequently FM and neophytes (recent aliens) more frequently OM than expected. FM species, differed markedly from OM and NM species in almost all analyzed traits. Specifically, they showed a wider geographic distribution and ecological niche. Our study of the relationships between mycorrhizal status and other plant traits provides a comprehensive test of existing hypotheses and reveals novel patterns. The clear distinction between FM and OM+NM species in terms of their ecology opens up a new field of research in plant-mycorrhizal ecology.
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- 2013
17. The LEDA Traitbase: A database of life-history traits of Northwest European flora
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Kleyer, M., Bekker, R.M., Knevel, I.C., Bakker, J.P., Thompson, K., Sonnenschein, M., Poschlod, P., Groenendael, J.M. van, Klimes, L., Klimesová, J., Klotz, S., Rusch, G.M., Hermy, M., Adriaens, D., Boedeltje, G., Bossuyt, B., Dannemann, A., Endels, P., Götzenberger, L., Hodgson, J.G., Jackel, A.-K., Kunzmann, D., Ozinga, W.A., Romermann, C., Stadler, M., Schlegelmilch, J., Steendam, H.J., Tackenberg, O., Wilmann, B., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Eriksson, O., Garnier, E., Peco, B., Kleyer, M., Bekker, R.M., Knevel, I.C., Bakker, J.P., Thompson, K., Sonnenschein, M., Poschlod, P., Groenendael, J.M. van, Klimes, L., Klimesová, J., Klotz, S., Rusch, G.M., Hermy, M., Adriaens, D., Boedeltje, G., Bossuyt, B., Dannemann, A., Endels, P., Götzenberger, L., Hodgson, J.G., Jackel, A.-K., Kunzmann, D., Ozinga, W.A., Romermann, C., Stadler, M., Schlegelmilch, J., Steendam, H.J., Tackenberg, O., Wilmann, B., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Eriksson, O., Garnier, E., and Peco, B.
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 72518.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)
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- 2008
18. The LEDA traitbase: a database of plant life-history traits of North West Europe
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Kleyer, Michael, Bekker, RM, Knevel, IC, Bakker, JP, Thompson, K, Sonnenschein, M, Poschlod, P, van Groenendael, JM, Klimes, L, Klimesova, J, Klotz, S, Rusch, G, Hermy, M, Adriens, D, Boedeltje, G, Bossuyt, B, Dannemann, A, Endels, P, Götzenberger, L, Hodgson, JG, Jackel, A-K, Kuhn, I, Kunzmann, D, Ozinga, WA, Römermann, C, Stadler, M, Schlegelmilch, J, Steendam, HJ, Tackenberg, O, Wilmann, B, Cornelissen, JHC, Eriksson, Ove, Garnier, E, Peco, B, Kleyer, Michael, Bekker, RM, Knevel, IC, Bakker, JP, Thompson, K, Sonnenschein, M, Poschlod, P, van Groenendael, JM, Klimes, L, Klimesova, J, Klotz, S, Rusch, G, Hermy, M, Adriens, D, Boedeltje, G, Bossuyt, B, Dannemann, A, Endels, P, Götzenberger, L, Hodgson, JG, Jackel, A-K, Kuhn, I, Kunzmann, D, Ozinga, WA, Römermann, C, Stadler, M, Schlegelmilch, J, Steendam, HJ, Tackenberg, O, Wilmann, B, Cornelissen, JHC, Eriksson, Ove, Garnier, E, and Peco, B
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- 2008
19. Colonization resistance and establishment success along gradients of functional and phylogenetic diversity in experimental plant communities
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Petr Blažek, Jan Lepš, Ildikó Orbán, Hana Dvořáková, Anna E-Vojtkó, Thomas Galland, Lars Götzenberger, Francesco de Bello, Vojtěch Lanta, Michele Lussu, Enrique Valencia, Carlos P. Carmona, Guillaume Adeux, Javier Puy, Czech Science Foundation, European Commission, Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas, Adeux, Guillaume, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Orbán, Ildikó, Lussu, Michele, Puy, J., Blažek, Petr, Lanta, Vojtech, Lepš, J., Bello, Francesco de, Carmona, Carlos P., Valencia, Enrique, Götzenberger, L., Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institute of Life Sciences of Sant’Anna [Pisa], Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Università di Cagliari, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Tartu, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [GA16-15012S], European CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre [626392, PSG293, 2017-T2], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Adeux, Guillaume [0000-0003-0903-391X], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Orbán, Ildikó [0000-0003-1547-675X], Lussu, Michele [0000-0002-1313-4732], Puy, J. [0000-0002-6422-2791], Blažek, Petr [0000-0002-0901-4578], Lanta, Vojtech [0000-0003-4484-3838], Lepš, J.[0000-0002-4822-7429], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], and Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900]
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0106 biological sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biodiversity ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Invaders ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,CWM ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Colonization ,Mean pairwise distance ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Competition ,Ecology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Resistance (ecology) ,Plant community ,15. Life on land ,Phylogenetic diversity ,Sowing experiment ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Trait ,Niche complementarity ,Functional traits ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Functional and phylogenetic diversity (FD and PD respectively) of the resident community are expected to exert a key role in community resistance to colonization by surrounding species, and their establishment success. However, few studies have explored this topic experimentally or evaluated the interactive effects of these diversity measures. We implemented a diversity experiment to disentangle the role of FD and PD by sowing mixtures of 6 species, drawn from a pool of 19 species naturally coexisting in central European mesic meadows. The mixtures were designed to cover four independent combinations of high and low FD and PD. Species covers were estimated in spring and late summer over two growing seasons. We then assessed the establishment success of colonizers as a function of their mean traits and phylogenetic distance to the resident (i.e. sown) communities, as well as the resistance of the resident communities to natural colonizers as a function of their functional and phylogenetic structure. Results generally indicated a temporal shift regarding which trait values made a colonizer successful, from an acquisitive strategy in early stages to a more conservative trait syndrome in later stages. FD decreased community resistance to natural colonization. However, PD tempered this effect: with high PD, FD was not significant, suggesting complementary information between these two components of biodiversity. On average, colonizing species were more functionally distant from the resident species in sown communities with high functional diversity, i.e. those that were more colonized. Synthesis. Our results confirm an interplay between FD and PD during community assembly processes, namely resistance to colonizers, suggesting that these two descriptors of biodiversity only partially overlap in their contribution to the overall ecological structure of a community. The hypothesis that higher FD increases resistance through a more complete use of resources was challenged. Results rather suggested that greater FD could provide an unsaturated functional trait space allowing functionally unique species to occupy it., The study was supported by Czech Science Foundation grant GA16‐15012S. C.P.C. was supported by a Marie Curie Intra‐European Fellowship within the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (TANDEM; project 626392) and the Estonian Research Council (project PSG293). E.V. was funded by the 2017 program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017‐T2/AMB‐5406).
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- 2019
20. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale
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Meelis Pärtel, Katja Klumpp, Jürgen Dengler, Romà Ogaya, Begoña Peco, Jiří Danihelka, Ricardo Ibáñez, Rob H. Marrs, Martin Stock, Thomas Galland, Susan K Wiser, Marc Estiarte, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, David Ward, Wolfgang Schmidt, Iker Pardo, Christian Smit, Martin Schuetz, Ricardo García-González, Martin Zobel, Eric Garnier, Hana Skálová, Minghua Song, Karsten Wesche, Richard F. Pywell, Vigdis Vandvik, Lars Götzenberger, Anna E-Vojtkó, Ben A. Woodcock, James Val, Marie Šmilauerová, Frédérique Louault, Norbert Juergens, Jan Lepš, Ute Schmiedel, Francesco de Bello, Susan Harrison, David J. Eldridge, Carlos P. Carmona, Josep Peñuelas, Peter B. Adler, Tomáš Herben, Roel van Klink, Fei-Hai Yu, Daniel Gómez-García, Miklós Kertész, Enrique Valencia, Gábor Ónodi, Petr Šmilauer, Marta Rueda, Truman P. Young, Conservation Ecology Group, Smit group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Universität Bayreuth, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPM / CAS), Utah State University (USU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, Open University of Catalonia [Barcelona], The James Hutton Institute, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Hamburg, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community and Conservation Ecology Group [Groningen], Université de Groningen, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein [Husum, Allemagne] (LKN.SH), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Kent State University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Library of the Czech Academy of Sciences (LCAS), National Science Foundation (US), New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, University of Minnesota, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Comunidad de Madrid, Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], García-González, Ricardo [0000-0001-5625-8690], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Bello, Francesco de, Galland, Thomas, Lepš, J., E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Carmona, Carlos P., García-González, Ricardo, and Götzenberger, L.
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0106 biological sciences ,Carbon Sequestration ,Life on Land ,Climate Change ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,333.7: Landflächen, Naturerholungsgebiete ,Biodiversity ,Land management ,Climate change ,Plant Development ,climate change drivers ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Climate change driver ,Soil ,577: Ökologie ,species richness ,Life Below Water ,Ecosystem ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,Ecological stability ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,synchrony ,Plant community ,15. Life on land ,Biological Sciences ,Plants ,stability ,13. Climate action ,Species evenness ,evenness ,Species richness - Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability., We were supported by US NSF Grants DEB-8114302, DEB8811884, DEB-9411972, DEB-0080382, DEB-0620652, DEB-1234162, and DEB0618210; the Nutrient Network (https://nutnet.org/) experiment from NSF Research Coordination Network Grant NSF-DEB-1042132; the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank; and Institute on the Environment Grant DG-0001-13. Data (Dataset 56, SI Appendix, Supplementary Text S4) owned by NERC Database Right/Copyright NERC. Further support was provided by the Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research project, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, and the University of Minnesota. The Rothamsted Long-term Experiments National Capability is supported by UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant BBS/E/C/000J0300 and the Lawes Agricultural Trust. This research was funded by Czech Science Foundation Grant GACR16-15012S and Czech Academy of Sciences Grant RVO 67985939. E.V. was funded by 2017 Program for Attracting and Retaining Talent of Comunidad de Madrid Grant 2017-T2/AMB-5406.
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- 2020
21. Directional trends in species composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of year-to-year asynchrony
- Author
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Martin Schuetz, Eric Garnier, Hana Skálová, Martin Stock, Marc Estiarte, Marie Šmilauerová, Martin Zobel, Norbert Juergens, Karsten Wesche, Jiří Danihelka, Katja Klumpp, Wolfgang Schmidt, Josep Peñuelas, Ricardo Ibáñez, Christian Smit, Ute Schmiedel, Frédérique Louault, Begoña Peco, Ricardo García-González, Truman P. Young, Marta Rueda, Vigdis Vandvik, Thomas Galland, Fei-Hai Yu, Anna E-Vojtkó, Ben A. Woodcock, Daniel Gómez, Petr Šmilauer, Enrique Valencia, Tomáš Herben, Luisa Conti, Jürgen Dengler, Rob H. Marrs, Meelis Pärtel, Gábor Ónodi, Lars Götzenberger, Miklós Kertész, James Val, Francesco de Bello, Susan Harrison, David J. Eldridge, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, Minghua Song, Jan Lepš, Smit group, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, European Research Council, Estonian Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Czech Science Foundation, German Federal Environmental Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Bello, Francesco de, Lepš, J., Galland, Thomas, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Götzenberger, L., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of South Bohemia, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Universität Bayreuth, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], MTA-ELTE Research Group for Geology, Geophysics and Space Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, The James Hutton Institute, University of Tartu, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología [Madrid] (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Wadden Sea Centre, University of Bergen (UiB), Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Biocomputing Unit [Madrid], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], and Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900]
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0106 biological sciences ,Asynchrony ,Biodiversity ,DIVERSITY ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Year-to-year fluctuation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology and Environment ,Year‐to‐year fluctuation ,RICHNESS ,Statistics ,Ecosystem ,Temporal dynamics ,577: Ökologie ,Relative species abundance ,year-to-year fluctuation ,2. Zero hunger ,Ecology ,STABILITY ,temporal dynamics ,synchrony ,Plant community ,Moving window ,15. Life on land ,Population variability ,COMMUNITY ,Synchrony ,13. Climate action ,COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS ,BIODIVERSITY ,Species richness ,asynchrony ,Quadrat ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Stability ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Questions. Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year‐to‐year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year‐to‐year species fluctuations in the presence of long‐term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year‐to‐year synchrony. Methods. An approach based on three‐term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three‐year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This “detrending” approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant “control” conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results. Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year‐to‐year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions. Species’ long‐term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year‐to‐year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on community stability might have overemphasised the role of compensatory dynamics in real‐world ecosystems, and particularly in manipulative conditions, when not considering the possible overriding effects of long‐term directional trends., We thank multiple entities for the financial support necessary to obtain the different databases: the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant numbers DEB‐8114302, DEB‐8811884, DEB‐9411972, DEB‐0080382, DEB‐0620652, DEB‐1234162, DEB‐9707477, DEB‐0316402, DEB‐08‐16453, and DEB‐12‐56034, DEB‐0618210, the Nutrient Network (http://www.nutnet.org) experiment from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF‐DEB‐1042132), the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, the Spanish MINECO (Project CGL2014‐53789‐R), the Madrid Regional Government (Projects REMEDINAL‐3 and REMEDINAL‐TE), the European Research Council Synergy grant 610028 (IMBALANCE‐P), the Institute on the Environment (DG‐0001‐13), the SOERE‐ACBB financed through French National Agency for Research (ANAEE‐F, ANR‐11‐INBS‐0001), the Estonian Research Council (IUT 20‐28, IUT 20‐29), Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 17‐05506S and 19‐28491X), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) for a grant to the NABU Hamburg (management experiment Calamagrostis epigejos), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the framework of the project BIOTA Southern Africa (promotion numbers 01LC0024, 01LC0024A and 01LC0624A2), Task 159 of SASSCAL (promotion number 01LG1201) and the Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services division. Acknowledgement Data owned by NERC© Database Right/Copyright NERC. Further support was provided by the Jornada Basin Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve and the University of Minnesota. We also thank the Lawes Agricultural Trust and Rothamsted Research for data from the e‐RA database. The Rothamsted Long‐term Experiments National Capability (LTE‐NCG) is supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant BBS/E/C/000J0300) and the Lawes Agricultural Trust.
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- 2020
22. The neglected importance of floral traits in trait‐based plant community assembly
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Walter Durka, Lars Götzenberger, Francesco de Bello, Ingolf Kühn, Anna E-Vojtkó, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Science Foundation, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Bello, Francesco de, Durka, Walter, Kühn, Ingolf, Götzenberger, L., E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Durka, Walter [0000-0002-6611-2246], Kühn, Ingolf [0000-0003-1691-8249], and Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900]
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0106 biological sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Functional diversity ,Plant–pollinator interactions ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,media_common ,Ecology ,Reproductive success ,Competition ,Community assembly ,Trait based ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant community ,Facilitation ,Trophic interactions ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Aims: Floral traits are frequently studied in population biology and evolutionary ecology but are rarely considered in functional trait-based studies focusing on the assembly of communities. We address this gap in trait-based community assembly by synthesizing the existing literature on processes driving floral and pollination-related trait patterns at community scales. We highlight limitations of the field due to lack of data and suggest potential directions of future research. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search collating studies that investigated floral traits in the context of plant community assembly, which allowed us to synthesize the current state of the art and point out important gaps in our knowledge. Conclusions: The literature review shows that including pollination-related traits in community assembly studies can shed new light on species coexistence patterns not accounted for by other types of traits. The synthesis presented here shows the diversity of approaches and existing techniques which can generate a step forward in this open field of research. What currently seems to hinder comprehensive analyses of floral traits at community levels is the lack of data, particularly in existing large repositories for traits worldwide, as well as a gap in linking modern coexistence theory with floral traits., Akademie Věd České Republiky. Grant Number: RVO 67985939 Grantová Agentura České Republiky. Grant Number: GACR 16‐15012S
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- 2020
23. Are redundancy indices redundant? An evaluation based on parameterized simulations
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Thomas Galland, Enrique Valencia, Francesco de Bello, Carlos P. Carmona, Lars Götzenberger, Czech Science Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Estonian Research Council, Comunidad de Madrid, Galland, Thomas, Carmona, Carlos P., Götzenberger, L., Valencia, Enrique, Bello, Francesco de, Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], Carmona, Carlos P. [0000-0001-6935-4913], Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], and Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198]
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0106 biological sciences ,Ecological stability ,Biomass (ecology) ,Ecology ,Community ,Community structure ,General Decision Sciences ,Insurance hypothesis ,Functional diversity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Traits ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Abundance (ecology) ,Statistics ,Redundancy (engineering) ,Species evenness ,Community ecology ,Species richness ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
Functional redundancy is considered a major component of the insurance mechanism, which theoretically maintains ecosystem stability by preventing the loss of ecosystem functions with species loss. Over the past decades, examination of functional trait patterns to elucidate processes of community stability and ecosystem functioning have stimulated considerable amount of research in ecology. As a result, a multitude of indices have been developed, describing community functional structure with various levels of overlap in their methodology. Here, we review the set of indices that have been suggested to measure the level of redundancy in traits among species in ecological communities. We first evaluate the correlations among redundancy indices and classical indices of community taxonomic and functional structure (species richness, Simpson diversity, functional richness, evenness and divergence). Second, we estimate the predictive power of these indices in terms of community vulnerability to species loss. Finally, we assess the sensitivity of the results to scenarios with different species loss orders. We simulated communities with different levels of taxonomic and functional structure (richness, evenness and divergence). Then, we simulated four scenarios of species loss order (abundance, functional uniqueness, environmental sensibility and random). The vulnerability of communities was estimated by the changes in community structural parameters (functional richness, functional divergence and biomass) as species were progressively removed from the initial communities. Our results showed that four out of the five redundancy indices tested were strongly correlated (Pearson R > ∣0.6∣) with at least one of the classical indices of community structure. Those correlations partly explained why the redundancy indices did not outperform classical indices in predicting community vulnerability to species loss. The fifth redundancy index (FredD) was the least correlated with classical indices of community structure (Pearson R < ∣0.24∣), however it also reached the lowest performance in predicting community vulnerability to species loss (R2 < 0.07). The order in which species – and their functional traits – are lost, and the community parameters assessed had a strong impact on communities’ vulnerability to species loss. In contradiction to theoretical predictions of the insurance hypothesis, the current redundancy indices might not be good indicators of vulnerability to species loss., We are grateful to the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that contributed to improve the manuscript. The study was supported by Czech Science Foundation grant GA16‐15012S. F.d.B. was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Plan Nacional de I+D+i, project PGC2018-099027-B-I00). C.P.C. was supported by the Estonian Research Council (project PSG293). E.V. was funded by the 2017 program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017‐T2/ AMB‐5406).
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- 2020
24. Closely related species differ in their traits, but competition induces high intra-specific variability.
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Janíková E, Konečná M, Lisner A, Applová M, Blažek P, E-Vojtkó A, Götzenberger L, and Lepš J
- Abstract
Theories explaining community assembly assume that biotic and abiotic filters sort species into communities based on the values of their traits and are thus based on between-species trait variability (BTV). Nevertheless, these filters act on individuals rather than on species. Consequently, the selection is also influenced by intraspecific trait variability (ITV) and its drivers. These drivers may be abiotic (e.g., water availability) or biotic (e.g., competition). Although closely related species should have similar traits, many of them coexist. We investigated the relative magnitudes of BTV and ITV in coexisting closely related species and how their individual traits differ under different drivers of ITV. We manipulated conditions in a greenhouse pot experiment with four common Carex species, where individuals of each species originated from four source localities. Individuals were grown in factorial combinations of two moisture levels, with and without a competitor (grass species Holcus lanatus, a frequent competitor). We analyzed the variability of six morphological traits on individuals in the greenhouse and three morphological traits in the source localities. Species identity was the main determinant of differences in most traits. Competition exerted a greater effect than water availability. For leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and vegetative height, competition's effect even exceeded the variability among species. On the contrary, for specific leaf area (SLA) and clonal spread, the interspecific differences exceeded ITV induced by experimental treatments. SLA measured in the greenhouse closely correlated with values measured in field populations, while LDMC did not. The variability caused by source locality of ramets in the greenhouse was small, although sometimes significant. Closely related species differ in their traits, but for some traits, ITV can exceed BTV. We can expect that ITV can modify the processes of community assembly, particularly among coexisting closely related species., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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25. Functional trait trade-offs define plant population stability across different biomes.
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Conti L, Valencia E, Galland T, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, Carmona CP, Májeková M, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez D, Hadincová V, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Krahulec F, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skalova H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, and de Bello F
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- Phylogeny, Seeds, Phenotype, Plant Leaves, Ecosystem, Plants
- Abstract
Ecological theory posits that temporal stability patterns in plant populations are associated with differences in species' ecological strategies. However, empirical evidence is lacking about which traits, or trade-offs, underlie species stability, especially across different biomes. We compiled a worldwide collection of long-term permanent vegetation records (greater than 7000 plots from 78 datasets) from a large range of habitats which we combined with existing trait databases. We tested whether the observed inter-annual variability in species abundance (coefficient of variation) was related to multiple individual traits. We found that populations with greater leaf dry matter content and seed mass were more stable over time. Despite the variability explained by these traits being low, their effect was consistent across different datasets. Other traits played a significant, albeit weaker, role in species stability, and the inclusion of multi-variate axes or phylogeny did not substantially modify nor improve predictions. These results provide empirical evidence and highlight the relevance of specific ecological trade-offs, i.e. in different resource-use and dispersal strategies, for plant populations stability across multiple biomes. Further research is, however, necessary to integrate and evaluate the role of other specific traits, often not available in databases, and intraspecific trait variability in modulating species stability.
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- 2023
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26. Floral and reproductive traits are an independent dimension within the plant economic spectrum of temperate central Europe.
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E-Vojtkó A, Junker RR, de Bello F, and Götzenberger L
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- Phenotype, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves, Europe, Flowers, Plants
- Abstract
Major dimensions of plant ecological strategies have been widely studied bringing forward the concept of 'economic spectra' of plants. Sexual reproductive traits, 'floral traits', have been largely neglected in this context, despite their strong link to fitness. Here, we aimed at integrating floral traits into the dimensionality of plant form and function so far dominated by vegetative traits. We used principal component analyses and constructed trait networks to assess the correlation structure of leaf, belowground, plant size-related, and floral traits. We studied forbs within two independent datasets; one compiled from central European trait databases and one sampled in the Austrian Alps. Floral traits defined the second dimension of trait variability within both datasets, while plant size determined the first dimension. Floral traits were largely independent from the leaf economic spectrum. Flower size, however, positively scaled with plant size and leaf size. Mating system was the most well-connected trait across modules of plant tissue/organ types. The independence of floral traits was consistent also after accounting for phylogenetic relationships between species. Floral traits explained a unique part of the variation in plant form and function and thus, likely play a distinctive ecological role within the whole plant economic spectrum., (© 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.)
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- 2022
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27. The functional structure of plant communities drives soil functioning via changes in soil abiotic properties.
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Valencia E, Galland T, Carmona CP, Goberna M, Götzenberger L, Lepš J, Verdú M, Macek P, and de Bello F
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- Phylogeny, Plants, Biodiversity, Soil Microbiology, Soil chemistry, Ecosystem
- Abstract
While biodiversity is expected to enhance multiple ecosystem functions (EFs), the different roles of multiple biodiversity dimensions remain difficult to disentangle without carefully designed experiments. We sowed plant communities with independent levels of functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversities (PD), combined with different levels of fertilization, to investigate their direct and indirect roles on multiple EFs, including plant-related EFs (plant biomass productivity, litter decomposability), soil fertility (organic carbon and nutrient pool variables), soil microbial activity (respiration and nutrient cycling), and an overall multifunctionality. We expected an increase in most EFs in communities with higher values of FD and/or PD via complementarity effects, but also the dominant plant types (using community weighted mean, CWM, independent of FD and PD) via selection effects on several EFs. The results showed strong direct effects of different dimensions of plant functional structure parameters on plant-related EFs, through either CWM or FD, with weak effects of PD. Fertilization had significant effects on one soil microbial activity and indirect effects on the other variables via changes in soil abiotic properties. Dominant plant types and FD showed only indirect effects on soil microbial activity, through litter decomposition and soil abiotic properties, highlighting the importance of cascading effects. This study shows the relevance of complementary dimensions of biodiversity for assessing both direct and cascading effects on multiple EFs., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
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- 2022
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28. Variability in mycorrhizal status of plant species is much larger within than between plots in grassland and coastal habitats.
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Bitomský M, Schaefer H, Pakeman RJ, Klimešová J, Götzenberger L, and Duchoslav M
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- Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Grassland, Plants, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Mycorrhizae
- Abstract
Community-level studies linking plant mycorrhizal status to environment usually do not account for within-plot mycorrhizal status variability; thus, patterns of plant mycorrhizal status diversity are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the relative importance of within- and between-plot variability components in mycorrhizal status and examined how plant mycorrhizal status diversity is related to soil nutrient availability. We hypothesised larger between-plot variability in mycorrhizal status and higher plant mycorrhizal status diversity in P-poor soils. To test these hypotheses, we used plant phylogenies, vegetation, soil and plant mycorrhizal status data from Czech semi-natural grasslands and Scottish coastal habitats. We divided plant mycorrhizal status diversity into divergence and evenness and tested their relations to soil P, K, Ca and Mg. Within-plot variability component of mycorrhizal status was always, on average, at least 2.2 times larger than between-plot variability in our datasets. Plant mycorrhizal status divergence was positively related to Ca (in both datasets) and Mg (only in grasslands and when accounting for phylogeny). In grasslands, the relationship between Mg and plant mycorrhizal status evenness was negative when accounting for phylogeny, while it was positive when not accounting for phylogeny. Plant mycorrhizal status diversity was not linked to P and its relation to K was inconsistent. Our results suggest that high Ca in the soil can promote coexistence of mycorrhizal, facultatively mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plant species. We encourage future studies to also focus on within-plot variability in mycorrhizal status, because it appears to be highly relevant in herbaceous systems., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2022
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29. Functional trait effects on ecosystem stability: assembling the jigsaw puzzle.
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de Bello F, Lavorel S, Hallett LM, Valencia E, Garnier E, Roscher C, Conti L, Galland T, Goberna M, Májeková M, Montesinos-Navarro A, Pausas JG, Verdú M, E-Vojtkó A, Götzenberger L, and Lepš J
- Subjects
- Phenotype, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Under global change, how biological diversity and ecosystem services are maintained in time is a fundamental question. Ecologists have long argued about multiple mechanisms by which local biodiversity might control the temporal stability of ecosystem properties. Accumulating theories and empirical evidence suggest that, together with different population and community parameters, these mechanisms largely operate through differences in functional traits among organisms. We review potential trait-stability mechanisms together with underlying tests and associated metrics. We identify various trait-based components, each accounting for different stability mechanisms, that contribute to buffering, or propagating, the effect of environmental fluctuations on ecosystem functioning. This comprehensive picture, obtained by combining different puzzle pieces of trait-stability effects, will guide future empirical and modeling investigations., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests No interests are declared., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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30. Synchrony matters more than species richness in plant community stability at a global scale.
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Valencia E, de Bello F, Galland T, Adler PB, Lepš J, E-Vojtkó A, van Klink R, Carmona CP, Danihelka J, Dengler J, Eldridge DJ, Estiarte M, García-González R, Garnier E, Gómez-García D, Harrison SP, Herben T, Ibáñez R, Jentsch A, Juergens N, Kertész M, Klumpp K, Louault F, Marrs RH, Ogaya R, Ónodi G, Pakeman RJ, Pardo I, Pärtel M, Peco B, Peñuelas J, Pywell RF, Rueda M, Schmidt W, Schmiedel U, Schuetz M, Skálová H, Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Smit C, Song M, Stock M, Val J, Vandvik V, Ward D, Wesche K, Wiser SK, Woodcock BA, Young TP, Yu FH, Zobel M, and Götzenberger L
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- Carbon Sequestration, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants metabolism, Soil chemistry, Plants classification
- Abstract
The stability of ecological communities is critical for the stable provisioning of ecosystem services, such as food and forage production, carbon sequestration, and soil fertility. Greater biodiversity is expected to enhance stability across years by decreasing synchrony among species, but the drivers of stability in nature remain poorly resolved. Our analysis of time series from 79 datasets across the world showed that stability was associated more strongly with the degree of synchrony among dominant species than with species richness. The relatively weak influence of species richness is consistent with theory predicting that the effect of richness on stability weakens when synchrony is higher than expected under random fluctuations, which was the case in most communities. Land management, nutrient addition, and climate change treatments had relatively weak and varying effects on stability, modifying how species richness, synchrony, and stability interact. Our results demonstrate the prevalence of biotic drivers on ecosystem stability, with the potential for environmental drivers to alter the intricate relationship among richness, synchrony, and stability., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
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- 2020
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31. Are Reproductive Traits Related to Pollen Limitation in Plants? A Case Study from a Central European Meadow.
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Bartoš M, Janeček Š, Janečková P, Chmelová E, Tropek R, Götzenberger L, Klomberg Y, and Jersáková J
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The deficiency of pollen grains for ovule fertilization can be the main factor limiting plant reproduction and fitness. Because of the ongoing global changes, such as biodiversity loss and landscape fragmentation, a better knowledge of the prevalence and predictability of pollen limitation is challenging within current ecological research. In our study we used pollen supplementation to evaluate pollen limitation (at the level of seed number and weight) in 22 plant species growing in a wet semi-natural meadow. We investigated the correlation between the pollen limitation index (PL) and floral traits associated with plant reproduction or pollinator foraging behavior. We recorded significant pollen limitation for approximately 41% of species (9 out of 22 surveyed). Seven species had a significant positive response in seed production and two species increased in seed weight after pollen supplementation. Considering traits, PL significantly decreased with the number of pollinator functional groups. The relationship of PL with other examined traits was not supported by our results. The causes of pollen limitation may vary among species with regard to (1) different reproductive strategies and life history, and/or (2) temporary changes in influence of biotic and abiotic factors at a site.
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- 2020
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32. Linking Plant Functional Ecology to Island Biogeography.
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Ottaviani G, Keppel G, Götzenberger L, Harrison S, Opedal ØH, Conti L, Liancourt P, Klimešová J, Silveira FAO, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Negoita L, Doležal J, Hájek M, Ibanez T, Méndez-Castro FE, and Chytrý M
- Subjects
- Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Islands, Plants, Biodiversity, Ecology
- Abstract
The study of insular systems has a long history in ecology and biogeography. Island plants often differ remarkably from their noninsular counterparts, constituting excellent models for exploring eco-evolutionary processes. Trait-based approaches can help to answer important questions in island biogeography, yet plant trait patterns on islands remain understudied. We discuss three key hypotheses linking functional ecology to island biogeography: (i) plants in insular systems are characterized by distinct functional trait syndromes (compared with noninsular environments); (ii) these syndromes differ between true islands and terrestrial habitat islands; and (iii) island characteristics influence trait syndromes in a predictable manner. We are convinced that implementing trait-based comparative approaches would considerably further our understanding of plant ecology and evolution in insular systems., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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33. Publisher Correction: Contrasting latitudinal patterns in phylogenetic diversity between woody and herbaceous communities.
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Massante JC, Götzenberger L, Takkis K, Hallikma T, Kaasik A, Laanisto L, Hutchings MJ, and Gerhold P
- Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
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- 2019
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34. Contrasting latitudinal patterns in phylogenetic diversity between woody and herbaceous communities.
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Massante JC, Götzenberger L, Takkis K, Hallikma T, Kaasik A, Laanisto L, Hutchings MJ, and Gerhold P
- Subjects
- Phylogeny, Tropical Climate, Biodiversity, Plant Development, Plants classification
- Abstract
Although many studies have shown that species richness decreases from low to high latitudes (the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient), little is known about the relationship between latitude and phylogenetic diversity. Here we examine global latitudinal patterns of phylogenetic diversity using a dataset of 459 woody and 589 herbaceous plant communities. We analysed the relationships between community phylogenetic diversity, latitude, biogeographic realm and vegetation type. Using the most recent global megaphylogeny for seed plants and the standardised effect sizes of the phylogenetic diversity metrics 'mean pairwise distance' (SES
mpd ) and 'mean nearest taxon distance' (SESmntd ), we found that species were more closely-related at low latitudes in woody communities. In herbaceous communities, species were more closely-related at high latitudes than at intermediate latitudes, and the strength of this effect depended on biogeographic realm and vegetation type. Possible causes of this difference are contrasting patterns of speciation and dispersal. Most woody lineages evolved in the tropics, with many gymnosperms but few angiosperms adapting to high latitudes. In contrast, the recent evolution of herbaceous lineages such as grasses in young habitat types may drive coexistence of closely-related species at high latitudes. Our results show that high species richness commonly observed at low latitudes is not associated with high phylogenetic diversity.- Published
- 2019
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35. Applying the dark diversity concept to nature conservation.
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Lewis RJ, de Bello F, Bennett JA, Fibich P, Finerty GE, Götzenberger L, Hiiesalu I, Kasari L, Lepš J, Májeková M, Mudrák O, Riibak K, Ronk A, Rychtecká T, Vitová A, and Pärtel M
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecology, Ecosystem, Introduced Species, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources
- Abstract
Linking diversity to biological processes is central for developing informed and effective conservation decisions. Unfortunately, observable patterns provide only a proportion of the information necessary for fully understanding the mechanisms and processes acting on a particular population or community. We suggest conservation managers use the often overlooked information relative to species absences and pay particular attention to dark diversity (i.e., a set of species that are absent from a site but that could disperse to and establish there, in other words, the absent portion of a habitat-specific species pool). Together with existing ecological metrics, concepts, and conservation tools, dark diversity can be used to complement and further develop conservation prioritization and management decisions through an understanding of biodiversity relativized by its potential (i.e., its species pool). Furthermore, through a detailed understanding of the population, community, and functional dark diversity, the restoration potential of degraded habitats can be more rigorously assessed and so to the likelihood of successful species invasions. We suggest the application of the dark diversity concept is currently an underappreciated source of information that is valuable for conservation applications ranging from macroscale conservation prioritization to more locally scaled restoration ecology and the management of invasive species., (© 2016 Society for Conservation Biology.)
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- 2017
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36. A Pragmatic Approach to Getting Published: 35 Tips for Early Career Researchers.
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Glover NM, Antoniadi I, George GM, Götzenberger L, Gutzat R, Koorem K, Liancourt P, Rutowicz K, Saharan K, You W, and Mayer P
- Abstract
It is trite to say "publish or perish," yet many early career researchers are often at a loss on how to best get their work published. With strong competition and many manuscripts submitted, it is difficult to convince editors and reviewers to opt for acceptance. A pragmatic approach to publishing may increase one's odds of success. Here, we - a group of postdocs in the field of plant science - present specific recommendations for early career scientists on advanced levels. We cannot provide a recipe-like set of instructions with success guaranteed, but we come from a broad background in plant science, with experience publishing in a number of journals of varying topics and impact factors. We provide tips, tricks, and tools for collaboration, journal selection, and achieving acceptance.
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- 2016
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37. Effects of long- and short-term management on the functional structure of meadows through species turnover and intraspecific trait variability.
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Volf M, Redmond C, Albert ÁJ, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Biella P, Götzenberger L, Hrázský Z, Janeček Š, Klimešová J, Lepš J, Šebelíková L, Vlasatá T, and de Bello F
- Subjects
- Biomass, Phenotype, Plant Leaves physiology, Time, Environment, Grassland
- Abstract
The functional structures of communities respond to environmental changes by both species replacement (turnover) and within-species variation (intraspecific trait variability; ITV). Evidence is lacking on the relative importance of these two components, particularly in response to both short- and long-term environmental disturbance. We hypothesized that such short- and long-term perturbations would induce changes in community functional structure primarily via ITV and turnover, respectively. To test this we applied an experimental design across long-term mown and abandoned meadows, with each plot containing a further level of short-term management treatments: mowing, grazing and abandonment. Within each plot, species composition and trait values [height, shoot biomass, and specific leaf area (SLA)] were recorded on up to five individuals per species. Positive covariations between the contribution of species turnover and ITV occurred for height and shoot biomass in response to both short- and long-term management, indicating that species turnover and intraspecific adjustments selected for similar trait values. Positive covariations also occurred for SLA, but only in response to long-term management. The contributions of turnover and ITV changed depending on both the trait and management trajectory. As expected, communities responded to short-term disturbances mostly through changes in intraspecific trait variability, particularly for height and biomass. Interestingly, for SLA they responded to long-term disturbances by both species turnover and intraspecific adjustments. These findings highlight the importance of both ITV and species turnover in adjusting grassland functional trait response to environmental perturbation, and show that the response is trait specific and affected by disturbance regime history.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Evaluating Functional Diversity: Missing Trait Data and the Importance of Species Abundance Structure and Data Transformation.
- Author
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Májeková M, Paal T, Plowman NS, Bryndová M, Kasari L, Norberg A, Weiss M, Bishop TR, Luke SH, Sam K, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Lepš J, Götzenberger L, and de Bello F
- Subjects
- Species Specificity, Biodiversity, Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- Abstract
Functional diversity (FD) is an important component of biodiversity that quantifies the difference in functional traits between organisms. However, FD studies are often limited by the availability of trait data and FD indices are sensitive to data gaps. The distribution of species abundance and trait data, and its transformation, may further affect the accuracy of indices when data is incomplete. Using an existing approach, we simulated the effects of missing trait data by gradually removing data from a plant, an ant and a bird community dataset (12, 59, and 8 plots containing 62, 297 and 238 species respectively). We ranked plots by FD values calculated from full datasets and then from our increasingly incomplete datasets and compared the ranking between the original and virtually reduced datasets to assess the accuracy of FD indices when used on datasets with increasingly missing data. Finally, we tested the accuracy of FD indices with and without data transformation, and the effect of missing trait data per plot or per the whole pool of species. FD indices became less accurate as the amount of missing data increased, with the loss of accuracy depending on the index. But, where transformation improved the normality of the trait data, FD values from incomplete datasets were more accurate than before transformation. The distribution of data and its transformation are therefore as important as data completeness and can even mitigate the effect of missing data. Since the effect of missing trait values pool-wise or plot-wise depends on the data distribution, the method should be decided case by case. Data distribution and data transformation should be given more careful consideration when designing, analysing and interpreting FD studies, especially where trait data are missing. To this end, we provide the R package "traitor" to facilitate assessments of missing trait data.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Predicting species' maximum dispersal distances from simple plant traits.
- Author
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Tamme R, Götzenberger L, Zobel M, Bullock JM, Hooftman DA, Kaasik A, and Pärtel M
- Subjects
- Demography, Models, Biological, Seeds, Plant Development physiology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants classification
- Abstract
Many studies have shown plant species' dispersal distances to be strongly related to life-history traits, but how well different traits can predict dispersal distances is not yet known. We used cross-validation techniques and a global data set (576 plant species) to measure the predictive power of simple plant traits to estimate species' maximum dispersal distances. Including dispersal syndrome (wind, animal, ant, ballistic, and no special syndrome), growth form (tree, shrub, herb), seed mass, seed release height, and terminal velocity in different combinations as explanatory variables we constructed models to explain variation in measured maximum dispersal distances and evaluated their power to predict maximum dispersal distances. Predictions are more accurate, but also limited to a particular set of species, if data on more specific traits, such as terminal velocity, are available. The best model (R2 = 0.60) included dispersal syndrome, growth form, and terminal velocity as fixed effects. Reasonable predictions of maximum dispersal distance (R2 = 0.53) are also possible when using only the simplest and most commonly measured traits; dispersal syndrome and growth form together with species taxonomy data. We provide a function (dispeRsal) to be run in the software package R. This enables researchers to estimate maximum dispersal distances with confidence intervals for plant species using measured traits as predictors. Easily obtainable trait data, such as dispersal syndrome (inferred from seed morphology) and growth form, enable predictions to be made for a large number of species.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mycorrhizas in the Central European flora: relationships with plant life history traits and ecology.
- Author
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Hempel S, Götzenberger L, Kühn I, Michalski SG, Rillig MC, Zobel M, and Moora M
- Subjects
- Europe, Plants classification, Soil Microbiology, Mycorrhizae classification, Mycorrhizae physiology, Plants microbiology
- Abstract
Plant traits have been widely used to characterize different aspects of the ecology of plant species. Despite its wide distribution and its proven significance at the level of individuals, communities, and populations, the ability to form mycorrhizal associations has been largely neglected in these studies so far. Analyzing plant traits associated with the occurrence of mycorrhizas in plants can therefore enhance our understanding of plant strategies and distributions. Using a comparative approach, we tested for associations between mycorrhizal status and habitat characteristics, life history traits, and plant distribution patterns in 1752 species of the German flora (a major part of the Central European flora). Data were analyzed using log-linear models or generalized linear models, both accounting for phylogenetic relationships. Obligatorily mycorrhizal (OM) species tended to be positively associated with higher temperature, drier habitats, and higher pH; and negatively associated with moist, acidic, and fertile soils. Competitive species were more frequently OM, and stress tolerators were non-mycorrhizal (NM), while ruderal species did not show any preference. Facultatively mycorrhizal (FM) species showed the widest geographic and ecological amplitude. Indigenous species were more frequently FM and neophytes (recent aliens) more frequently OM than expected. FM species differed markedly from OM and NM species in almost all analyzed traits. Specifically, they showed a wider geographic distribution and ecological niche. Our study of the relationships between mycorrhizal status and other plant traits provides a comprehensive test of existing hypotheses and reveals novel patterns. The clear distinction between FM and OM + NM species in terms of their ecology opens up a new field of research in plant-mycorrhizal ecology.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Functional species pool framework to test for biotic effects on community assembly.
- Author
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de Bello F, Price JN, Münkemüller T, Liira J, Zobel M, Thuiller W, Gerhold P, Götzenberger L, Lavergne S, Leps J, Zobel K, and Pärtel M
- Subjects
- Animals, Estonia, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Species Specificity, Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Plants classification
- Abstract
Functional trait differences among species are increasingly used to infer the effects of biotic and abiotic processes on species coexistence. Commonly, the trait diversity observed within communities is compared to patterns simulated in randomly generated communities based on sampling within a region. The resulting patterns of trait convergence and divergence are assumed to reveal abiotic and biotic processes, respectively. However, biotic processes such as competition can produce both trait divergence and convergence, through either excluding similar species (niche differences, divergence) or excluding dissimilar species (weaker competitor exclusion, convergence). Hence, separating biotic and abiotic processes that can produce identical patterns of trait diversity, or even patterns that neutralize each other, is not feasible with previous methods. We propose an operational framework in which the functional trait dissimilarity within communities (FDcomm) is compared to the corresponding trait dissimilarity expected from the species pool (i.e., functional species pool diversity, FDpool). FDpool includes the set of potential species for a site delimited by the operating environmental and dispersal limitation filters. By applying these filters, the resulting pattern of trait diversity is consistent with biotic processes, i.e., trait divergence (FDcomm > FDpool) indicates niche differentiation, while trait convergence (FDcomm < FDpool) indicates weaker competitor exclusion. To illustrate this framework, with its potential application and constraints, we analyzed both simulated and field data. The functional species pool framework more consistently detected the simulated trait diversity patterns than previous approaches. In the field, using data from plant communities of typical Northern European habitats in Estonia, we found that both niche-based and weaker competitor exclusion influenced community assembly, depending on the traits and community considered. In both simulated and field data, we demonstrated that only by estimating the species pool of a site is it possible to differentiate the patterns of trait dissimilarity produced by operating biotic processes. The framework, which can be applied with both functional and phylogenetic diversity, enables a reinterpretation of community assembly processes. Solving the challenge of defining an appropriate reference species pool for a site can provide a better understanding of community assembly.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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42. Ecological assembly rules in plant communities--approaches, patterns and prospects.
- Author
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Götzenberger L, de Bello F, Bråthen KA, Davison J, Dubuis A, Guisan A, Lepš J, Lindborg R, Moora M, Pärtel M, Pellissier L, Pottier J, Vittoz P, Zobel K, and Zobel M
- Subjects
- Models, Biological, Models, Statistical, Plants genetics, Species Specificity, Ecosystem, Plants classification
- Abstract
Understanding how communities of living organisms assemble has been a central question in ecology since the early days of the discipline. Disentangling the different processes involved in community assembly is not only interesting in itself but also crucial for an understanding of how communities will behave under future environmental scenarios. The traditional concept of assembly rules reflects the notion that species do not co-occur randomly but are restricted in their co-occurrence by interspecific competition. This concept can be redefined in a more general framework where the co-occurrence of species is a product of chance, historical patterns of speciation and migration, dispersal, abiotic environmental factors, and biotic interactions, with none of these processes being mutually exclusive. Here we present a survey and meta-analyses of 59 papers that compare observed patterns in plant communities with null models simulating random patterns of species assembly. According to the type of data under study and the different methods that are applied to detect community assembly, we distinguish four main types of approach in the published literature: species co-occurrence, niche limitation, guild proportionality and limiting similarity. Results from our meta-analyses suggest that non-random co-occurrence of plant species is not a widespread phenomenon. However, whether this finding reflects the individualistic nature of plant communities or is caused by methodological shortcomings associated with the studies considered cannot be discerned from the available metadata. We advocate that more thorough surveys be conducted using a set of standardized methods to test for the existence of assembly rules in data sets spanning larger biological and geographical scales than have been considered until now. We underpin this general advice with guidelines that should be considered in future assembly rules research. This will enable us to draw more accurate and general conclusions about the non-random aspect of assembly in plant communities., (© 2011 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2011 Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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