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Background and purposeRecent new mutations and increases in transmission of COVID-19 among adolescents and children highlight the importance of identifying which factors influence parental decisions regarding vaccinating their children. The current study aims to explore whether child vulnerability and parents' attitudes toward vaccines mediate the association between perceived financial well-being and vaccine hesitancy among parents.MethodA predictive, cross-sectional, multi-country online questionnaire was administered with a convenience sample of 6,073 parents (Australia, 2,734; Iran, 2,447; China, 523; Turkey, 369). Participants completed the Parent Attitude About Child Vaccines (PACV), the Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS), a Financial Well-being (FWB) measure, and Parental Vaccine Hesitancy (PVH) questionnaire.ResultsThe current study revealed that perceived financial well-being had significant and negative associations with parents' attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and child vulnerability among the Australian sample. Contrary to the Australian findings, results from Chinese participants indicated that financial well-being had significant and positive predictive effects on parent attitudes toward vaccines, child vulnerability, and parental vaccine hesitancy. The results of the Iranian sample revealed that parents' attitudes toward vaccines and child vulnerability significantly and negatively predicted parental vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionThe current study revealed that a parents' perceived financial well-being had a significant and negative relationship with parental attitudes about vaccines and child vulnerability; however, it did not significantly predict parental vaccine hesitancy among Turkish parents as it did for parents in Australia, Iran, and China. Findings of the study have policy implications for how certain countries may tailor their vaccine-related health messages to parents with low financial wellbeing and parents with vulnerable children.

The foramen magnum (FM) is a transition zone between the spine and skull. There is a study in the literature showing the golden ratio (4.62) and harmony between both FM and the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the skull. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of this ratio on CT images and to investigate whether this ratio changes according to the FM shape types. In this study, 402 adult CT images belonging to the Turkish population were examined. Maximum cranial length (MCL), maximum cranial width (MCW) and the FM length (FML) and FM width (FMW) were measured. The different shapes of the FM were macroscopically classified. The number and incidence of each type in the studied skull was registered. In the 402 CT images used in the study, 12 FM shapes were detected. Three of the shape types observed in our study have not been reported in the literature until now, and were found in our study for the first time. In addition, our data supported that by using the ratio of 4.62, there was a great harmony between the skull and FM. The results obtained from the research show that there is a ratio of 4.62 between the basic cranial measurements and FM dimensions in all shapes except triangular shape. It is thought that repeating the calculated coefficients over more different FM shapes will contribute to the effectiveness of the proposed golden ratio.

© 2022, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.The foramen magnum (FM) is a transition zone between the spine and skull. There is a study in the literature showing the golden ratio (4.62) and harmony between both FM and the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the skull. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of this ratio on CT images and to investigate whether this ratio changes according to the FM shape types. In this study, 402 adult CT images belonging to the Turkish population were examined. Maximum cranial length (MCL), maximum cranial width (MCW) and the FM length (FML) and FM width (FMW) were measured. The different shapes of the FM were macroscopically classified. The number and incidence of each type in the studied skull was registered. In the 402 CT images used in the study, 12 FM shapes were detected. Three of the shape types observed in our study have not been reported in the literature until now, and were found in our study for the first time. In addition, our data supported that by using the ratio of 4.62, there was a great harmony between the skull and FM. The results obtained from the research show that there is a ratio of 4.62 between the basic cranial measurements and FM dimensions in all shapes except triangular shape. It is thought that repeating the calculated coefficients over more different FM shapes will contribute to the effectiveness of the proposed golden ratio.

Zahra Fassih-Ramandi, 1 Mohammad Ali Soleimani, 2 Kelly-Ann Allen, 3 Ozkan Gorgulu, 4 Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi 2 1Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; 2Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; 3Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; 4Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, TurkeyCorrespondence: Seyedeh Ameneh MotalebiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranTel +98 2833338034Fax +98 28 33328212Email ammotalebi@yahoo.comBackground: Flourishing is related to positive outcomes for physical and mental health, as well as overall wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Flourishing Scale (FS) among a sample of older participants in Iran.Methods: In this validation study, 300 older people were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a checklist for demographic characteristics, the FS, and the Oxford happiness questionnaire. The validity (face, content, convergent, and construct) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest) of the FS was evaluated in this cross-sectional study.Results: The exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a one-dimensional structure consisting of 8 items with an eigenvalue of 3.583. The model had a good fit [χ 2 = 52.983, p < 0.001, χ 2/df = 2.944, GFI = 0.958, CFI = 0.915, IFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.919, AGFI = 0.948, and RMSEA = 0.081, SRMR = 0.086] with all factor loadings greater than 0.5 and statistically significant. A test of concurrent validity showed a direct and significant association between the FS and the Oxford happiness questionnaire (r = 0.647, p < 0.001). The results of the reliability tests confirmed that the values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.819) and test-retest (0.821) were acceptable.Conclusion: The Persian version of the FS demonstrated suitable validity and reliability among a sample of older participants.Keywords: aging, factor analysis, flourishing, validity, reliability

In the present investigation, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was implemented to predict 305 d milk yield using partial lactation records of Jersey dairy cattle. The input variables for the system in the study were age, lactation number and milk yields for the first three test-days. The output variable from the system was 305 d milk yield. ANFIS results related to the milk yields were compared with observed values. Three criteria considered in order to control the reliability of system predictions were the ratio of mean, determination coefficient, and root mean square error. In addition to, the accuracies of ANFIS were compared using the absolute difference between the observed and predicted 305 d milk yield. R2, RMSE, and RoM values are in the acceptable range. As a conclusion, ANFIS predictions at the beginning of the lactation are related closely to the observed 305 d-lactation yield. The results indicated that ANFIS can be successfully applied for 305 d milk yield early prediction. © 2018, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein that has important regulatory roles in inflammation, immunity and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of Gal-3 level with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) related to hypertension (HT). Thirty seven patients (Group I) with newly diagnosed hypertension (HT) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were included in the study. Thirty eight patients with newly diagnosed hypertension without LVH (Group II) and 38 normotensive healthy volunteers (Group III) were included in the study as control group. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed and Gal-3 was measured in all patients. Although demographic characteristics of the groups were similar, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels of Group I and Group II were significantly higher than Group III (p

We investigated the belief system of Turkish preservice science teachers (PSTs) about teaching a socioscientific issue (GM Foods) using a belief system model. This model includes three belief pools: content beliefs (CBs), core pedagogical beliefs (CPBs) and pedagogy of content beliefs (PCBs). Based on this model, we developed a questionnaire in order to see interrelationships among three belief pools about teaching GM Foods. For content beliefs, we selected content knowledge, risk perceptions, moral beliefs and religious beliefs. For pedagogy of content beliefs, we selected teaching efficacy, preferred teaching methods and preferred teacher’s roles. We administered the questionnaire to 423 PSTs. Using correlation analysis, multinomical logistic regression and structural equation modelling we tried to understand the relationships between CBs and PCBs and to make interpertations about possible CPBs working as a filter between CBs and PCBs. The results show that PSTs are relatively knowledgeable, hold high risk perceptions and certain moral and religious beliefs about GM Foods. They possess high teaching efficacy beliefs, choose the teaching role of Neutral Impartiality and prefer large class discussion and computerassisted teaching. As core pedagogical beliefs (CPBs), they may have traditional epistemologies, moral and religiously-based teaching goals

Bitki gen kaynaklarının morfolojik karekterizasyonu ve değişik bölgeler için çeşit adaptasyonları Türkiye’deki bahçe bitkileri araştırmalarının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Her iki alan da değişik önem seviyelerinde birçok bahçe bitkileri özelliğinin çok sayıda genotip için değerlendirmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu tip denemelerde sıklıkla tartılı derecelendirme yöntemi bir istatistiksel yöntem olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tartılı derecelendirme ile ilgili yapılan kaynak taramasında, halen uygulanmakta olan yöntemin bahçe bitkileri araştırmaları için ilk olarak önerilen yöntemden önemli ölçüde farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, yapay bir veri dosyası kullanarak, orijinal yöntemle Türkiye’deki çalışmalarda kullanılan tartılı derecelendirme yönteminin aynı veri seti için değişik sonuçlar verebileceğini gösterdik. Önem testi içermeyen mevcut yöntem, test edilen genotiplerin toplam puanları arasında, istatistiksel olarak önemli olup olmadığı belirlenememektedir. Ancak bu yöntemdeki hiçbir sonuç istatistiksel olarak desteklenmemektedir. Bu yüzden bahçe bitkilerindeki çok-değişken içeren araştırmalarda ya “asıl” tartılı derecelendirme yönteminin titizlikle takip edilmesini ya da diğer çok-değişkenli analiz yöntemlerinin kullanılmasını önerilmektedir., Morphological characterization of plant genetic resources and variety trials in various ecological regions are important parts of horticultural research in Turkey. Both topics require evaluation of many horticultural traits with different weights for a large number of genotypes. Weighted-rankit (WR) method is a tool commonly used in statistical analyses of these experiments. Our survey on the WR indicated that the common interpretation of the method significantly deviates from the original method suggested for horticultural research in the literature. In this study, using a hypothetical data set, we demonstrated that interpretations as made in both Turkish and original horticultural research may suggest different conclusions for the same data set. Not having a significance test, the current version of interpretations commonly found in horticultural studies in Turkey may be erroneous as it recovers variability among the total scores of the entities tested without considerations of whether or not those are statistically different. However, in this method, conclusions would not be supported by a valid statistical test. Therefore, we suggest either strictly following the “original” WR method or using other valid multivariate methods for analyzing multi-traits studies in horticultural research.

IÖZETBULANIK MANTIK (FUZZY LOGIC) TEORİSİ VE TARIMDA KULLANIMOLANAKLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMADünya üzerinde bugüne kadar birçok bilim alanında yapılan çalışmalardakullanılan Aristo mantığının (0, 1) ikili önermelerine karşın gerçek hayatta ve canlımateryal ile çalışan uygulamalı bilim dallarında (Tıp, Biyoloji, Ziraat vb.) verilerinkesin olmamasına dayanarak üç veya daha fazla sayıda önermeler yapabilen ve kısmiüyeliğe izin veren bulanık mantık teorisi kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu teorinin bulanıkkümeleri kullanarak akıl yürütmeler yapmasıyla çok daha hassas, verimli ve doğrusonuçlar elde edilmiş ve teori zaman içerisinde hızla gelişmiştir.Bu çalışmada bulanık mantığın doğuşu ve gelişimini incelemenin yanında,bulanık küme teorisi, bulanık çıkarım ve durulaştırma yöntemlerine yer verilmiştir. Buteorinin tarımsal veriler üzerinde uygulanabilirliği, fayda ve sakıncaları üzerindedurulmuştur. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 3 farklı veri kümesi üzerinde farklı bulanık mantıkuygulamaları yapılarak, sonuçların yorumlanması ve nihai kararlar irdelenmiştir. Birçokalanda yaygın olarak kullanılan bulanık mantık teorisinin tarımsal alandaki farklıuygulamalarda da etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.2007, 98 sayfaAnahtar kelimeler: Bulanık mantık, Bulanık küme, Tarım IIABSTRACTA STUDY ON THE FUZZY LOGIC THEORY AND ITS APPLICABILITY TOAGRICULTUREAristotle logic, which has been used in many different types of scientific studiesin the world, enables to make only two sided premises (i.e. 0, 1) despite the fact that, inreality, the data in the applied science (i.e. Medicine, Biology, Agriculture etc) are notcertain. Thus, fuzzy logic theory that enables to make three or more simultaneouspremises and partial memberships is started to use. More sensitive, efficient and preciseresults can be obtained by means of reasoning made by using fuzzy sets in this theoryand consequently the theory has been rapidly developed to the date.This study elucidates the history of fuzzy logic, description of essential termsand procedures, fuzzy inference and defuzzification methods in fuzzy logic approach.Applicability of this approach to the agricultural data was also considered. For this goal,application of fuzzy logic was shown for three different types of data set. Resultssuggested that fuzzy logic, which is commonly used for many different scientific areas,can be efficiently used in agriculture as well.2007, 98 pagesKey words: Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy set, Agriculture 105

Transplantasyon son dönem organ yetmezliği gelişen hastaların yaşam kalitesiniartırmada önemli bir yere sahiptir. Gün geçtikçe son dönem organ yetmezliği hastasayısı giderek artmaktadır. Bu nedenle beyin ölümü tanısının zamanında konulması vedonör bakımı transplantasyon kavramında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Beyin ölümütanısının gecikmesi organların enfeksiyon ve hemodinamik instabilite nedeniylekaybedilmesine neden olabilir.Hasta yakınlarının, hastalarının bakımı ve tedavisi konusunda tatmin olmasıbeyin ölümü gelişen hastaların donör bakımı programına alınmasına büyük katkısıvardır. Hasta yakınlarının organ bağışını reddetmelerindeki en belli başlı sebeplerarasında; Beyin ölümü kavramını anlayamama, vücut bütünlüğünün bozulacağı kaygısı,organ naklinin dini açıdan uygun olmadığı düşüncesi ve hastaneye ve sağlıkçalışanlarına tepkiden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu parametreler sosyoekonomik düzeyarttıkça daha olumlu hale gelmektedir.Kadavra donör bakımının amacı, transplantasyon sonrası organların optimaldüzeyde çalışmasını sağlamaktır. Kadavra vericilerinin önemli bir bölümünün travmahastası olduğu göz önüne alınırsa, travma hastalarının acil servise ilk başvurduklarıandan itibaren hemodinamisinin kontrol altına alınması transplante edilen organınfonksiyonlarında olumlu sonuçlar alınacağı şüphesizdir.Beyin ölümü gelişen hastalarda pontin vazomotor merkez lezyonu sonucundasistemik vasküler rezistansın azalması, hipovolemi, hipotermi v.b nedenlere bağlı olarakhipotansiyon gelişmektedir. Hipotansiyon öncelikle uygun volüm replasmanı yapılarakdüzeltilmeye çalışılmalıdır, vazopressör ve inotrop ajanlar da kullanılabilir. En sıktercih edilen inotrop ajan olan dopamin 10 ?/kg/dk altında uygulanan dozlardatransplantasyon sonrası nakil yapılan organ fonksiyonunda olumsuz bir etkiye nedenolmadığı çeşitli çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Hipotansiyonun greft fonksiyonuna etkilerikaçınılmazdır, ancak yapılan çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, donör bakımı sırasında karşılaşılan metabolik, endokrin, hemodinamik sorunların yanısıra kadavradaki ve transplantasyon yapılacak greftdeki yapısal sorunlar, transplantasyon esnasındakicerrahi teknik, hastanın postoperatif dönemdeki hemodinamik durumu, doku uyumugibi daha birçok nedenin greft fonksiyonuna etkili olacağı açıktır. Bu parametrelerdenhangisinin daha etkin olduğunu saptamak için daha birçok çalışmaya ihtiyaçduyulmaktadır (Biz çalışmamızda yalnızca hipotansiyonun greft fonksiyonununolumsuz etkilenmesinde yetersiz kaldığını gördük).Yaptığımız araştırma sonucunda beyin ölümü tanısı konulan hastaların yaklaşıkyarısı organ bağışında bulunduğunu gördük (210 beyin ölümü hastasının 105?i).Multidispliner çalışma ve sosyoekonomik düzeyin artmasına paralel olarak bu oranındaha da artacağına inanıyoruz. 59

Bu çalışma, Hatay'ın bir kıyı ilçesi olan Samandağ'daki balıkçılığın mevcut durumunun ve problemlerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Samandağ balıkçı barınağına kayıtlı 135 tekne içerisinden rasgele seçilen 45 teknede balıkçılık ve sorunları ile ilgili 26 soru içeren bir anket uygulanmıştır. Ankete katılan balıkçıların önemli bir kısmı avlanma sezonu, kalifiye eleman, pazarlama, kapasite ve yakıt fiyatları ile ilgili sorun yaşadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir., This study was conducted to demonstrate the current status and the problems of the fishery in Samandağ town (Hatay). For this purpose a survey were applied on randomly selected 45 fishing vessels out of 135. The survey was consisting of 26 questions which were about the fishery and its problems. The majority of the participant in the survey expressed their problems as the limited fishing season, lack of qualified persons, inadequate capacity in fishing vessel and high oil price.

ÖZET TEKRAR EDEN ÖLÇÜMLÜ DENEME DESENLERİ Bu çalışmada 1940 yılından bu yana, Ziraat, Tıp, Psikoloji, Eğitim vb. bir çok bilim dalında kullanım olanağı bulan, fakat önemi yeni yeni anlaşılmaya başlanan ve son zamanlarda oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan, tekrar eden ölçümlü deneme desenleri incelenmiştir. Aynı deneme ünitesinden farklı periyotlarda veya farklı muamele şartlan altında alınan ölçümlere tekrar eden ölçümler denir. Bu ölçümler aynı deneme ünitesi üzerinden alındığı için bağımlıdır. Bu çalışmada, bu bağımlılığı dikkate alarak eş yapma t testinin geliştirilmesi ile ortaya çıkan tekrar eden ölçümlü deneme desenlerinden, bir faktör, iki faktör ve üç faktörlü tekrar eden ölçümlü deneme desenleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bir sıra veya derece bildiren tekrar eden ölçümlerin analizinde kullanılan ve nonparametrik bir test olan Friedman testide açıklanmıştır. Tüm bu analizlerin gerek elle, gerekse bilgisayarda yapılışı hayvancılık alanında yapılmış araştırmalardan elde edilen gerçek veriler üzerinde tartışılmıştır. 2002,150 sayfa. Anahtar kelimeler: Deneme desenleri, RMANOVA, Repeated measures, Varyans analizi II ABSTRACT REPEATED MEASUREMENT DESINGS Repeated measurement experimental designs, which have been commonly used in Agriculture, medicine, physiology, education etc. since 1940, but whose importance has recently been understood. Repeated measure may be defined as measurement from different period of the same experimental unit or from different treatments. Since the observations were taken from the same experimental unit these measurements are related. By taken into consideration this dependence, in this study, repeated measurement designs with one, two and three factors developed from paired t test were investigated. Moreover, non- parametric Friedman test was explained, which is utilized for analyzing repeated measurements with one array or degree. Both hand and computer analysis of the procedures were demonstrated and also an application to a real data-set obtained from an animal experiment was given. 2002,150, pages Key Words: Experimental design, RMANOVA, Repeated measure, Analysis of variance 150

Objective: The effects of metabolic poblems and hypotension on graft function have been investigated.Material and Methods: In this study, the data of 295 patients who were diagnosed as brain death between 2000-2005 years in the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation of Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine were screened retrospectively. 105 patients who were accepted as donors were included in the study.Results: We have determined that the number of organ donations is half of the patients who were diagnosed as brain death. Solely hypotension has been seen that fails to affect delayed greft function.Conclusion: We believe that this number will increase with the multi-disciplinar studies and the higher socioeconomic level. Lots of more studies are needed to be carried out in order to clarify which one of these parameters is more effective, Amaç: Donör bakımında karşılaşılan metabolik problemler ve hipotansiyonun greft fonsiyonlarına etkileri incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 2000-2005 yılları arasında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Anabilim Dalı’nda beyin ölümü tanısı alan 295 hastanın verilerinin retrospektif olarak taranması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Donör kabul edilen 105 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular: Beyin ölümü tanısı konulan ve organ bağışı yapılan oranının yaklaşık yarı yarıya olduğunu gördük. Sadece hipotansiyonun greft fonksiyonunun olumsuz etkilenmesinde yetersiz kaldığını gördük. Sonuç: Multidispliner çalışma ve sosyoekonomik düzeyin artmasına paralel olarak bu oranın daha da artacağına inanıyoruz. Bu parametrelerden hangisinin daha etkin olduğunu açıklığa kavuşturmak için daha çok araştırma yapılması gereklidir

Fuzzy linear regression analysis helps to produce successful assumptions in situations with uncertainty between variables and provides researchers with a flexible perspective. In this study, 305 days milk yield estimation studies were carried out using partial lactation records of Jersey cattle with the fuzzy linear regression method. Calving age, number of lactation, days of milk, calving season, and the first four milk test days records were used as the independent variables in the study. Also,305 days milk yield was used as the dependent variable. Reliability of the obtained estimates was discussed using graphical representations of h values and three different statistical error criteria (RMSE, MAPE and R). In addition, the estimated values obtained were compared with the observed values. The fuzzy linear regression equations developed for 10 different h values shows that the equations obtained for the h = 0.4 and h = 0.5 values are the closest observed values to305 days milk yield. The difference between the predicted values and the observed values was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). These results show that the fuzzy linear regression method can be successfully used to predict 305 days milk yield at the beginning of the lactation. © 2018, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.