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Pikan, aslen Kuzey Amerika orjinli olan ve Türkiye'de genellikle Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde yetiştirilen önemli bir sert kabuklu meyve türüdür. Çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu bölgesinden aynı ekolojik koşullar altında yetiştirilen yirmi bir pikan çeşidinin morfometrik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu ekolojik koşullarda en uygun çeşitlerin belirlenmesi için morfometrik özellikler üzerine çok değişkenli istatiksel analiz uygulanmıştır. Çeşitlerin meyve ağırlığı 3.66 g 'Cherokee' ile 10.35 g 'Shoshoni' arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek iç ağırlığı ve iç oranı 'Choctaw' çeşidinde (5.63 g ve %58.60) en düşük ise "Cherokee" çeşidinde (0.91 g ile 22.84 %) belirlenmiştir. Meyve ağırlığı ile iç oranı arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, iç ağırlığının meyve ağırlığı ve yüksekliği ile yüksek önemli ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ward yöntemine göre yapılan kümeleme analizi, pikan çeşitleri arasında ilişkilerin kurulmasına izin vermiş ve çeşitleri dört ana kümeye ayırmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar temel bileşen analizi ile desteklenmiş ve çeşitlerden en yakın ilişkisi ‘Big Z’ ile ‘Ideal’ arasında belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar pikan çeşitlerinin genetik özellikleri ile ilgili niceliksel farklılıkların olduğu ve incelenen çeşitlerin yarısından fazlasının pazar tarafından arzu edilen meyve kalitesi açısından iyi bir performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca çok değişkenli analiz pikan çeşitlerinin ayrımında oldukça etkili olmuş ve ileriki çalışmalarda başarıyla kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmiştir, Pecan is a major horticultural nut tree that originated in North America and, in Turkey, it is generally cultivated in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. In this study, morphometric traits of twenty-one cultivars grown under equal ecological conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey were determined. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed on morphometric traits for determining suitable cultivars that show the best performance in these ecological conditions. The nut weight ranged from 3.66 g for ‘Cherokee’ to 10.35 g for the ‘Shoshoni’ cultivar. The ‘Choctaw’ had the highest kernel weight and kernel ratio ranging from 5.63 g to 58.60%. While the ‘Cherokee’ had the lowest ranging from 0.91 g to 22.84 g, respectively. A significant positive correlation between nut weight and kernel ratio was determined. The kernel weight was also highly correlated with nut weight and height. The use of clustering analysis according to Ward’s method allowed the establishment of relationships between pecan cultivars by separating them into four main clusters. Also, these results were supported by principal component analysis, and ‘Big Z’ and ‘Ideal’ cultivars were determined to be the closest cultivars. Results showed that there are quantitative differences regarding the genetic property of pecan cultivars and more than half of the examined cultivars showed a good performance in terms of nut quality criteria that are crucial in marketing. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis was effective in the differentiation of pecan cultivars and it has been evaluated that it can be used successfully in future studies.

Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.

Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.

Ağır metaller bitki için temel besin maddesi olmayan genellikle toksik etkiye sahip elementlerdirler. Kadmiyum bitki büyüme ve gelişmesini ciddi sınırlandırabilen ve çevreye olumsuz etkileri olduğu iyi bilinen en önemli toksik metallerden biridir. Bitkisel hormonlar, bitki bünyesindeki hormonların üretim, dağıtım veya sinyal çevrimini değiştirerek çevre koşullarına karşı değişen tepkiyi vermesi yanında bitki büyüme ve gelişmesini düzenleyen küçük moleküllerdirler. Jasmonatlar (JAs) birçok ileri bitki süreçlerini düzenlemekte ve olumsuz çevreresel stres faktörlerine karşı bitki savunma mekanizmasında aktif bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, ağır metal (kadmiyum) stresinde dışsal metil jasmonat (MeJa) uygulamalarının çilek (Camarosa ) bitkisinde bazı büyüme parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada kadmiyum konsantrasyonun artışına paralel olarak çilek bitkisinde incelenen büyüme parametrelerinde düşüş belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, metil jasmonat uygulamalarının kadmiyum toksitesini hafiflettiği ve uygulama dozuna bağlı olarak çilek bitkisinde kök sayısı, kök ağırlığı, gövde ağırlığı ve yaprak alanında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kadmiyum uygulamalarının çilek bitkisinin büyümesi üzerine olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu ve metil jasmonat uygulamalarının ise kadmiyum stresinin azaltılmasında önemli bir rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly defined clinical entity in pediatric ages resembles Kawasaki Disease or toxic shock syndrome. Here we aimed to raise awareness about this SARS-CoV-2 related syndrome. METHODS: Children diagnosed with MIS-C and followed in Pediatric Clinic between November 2020 and January 2021, were included in study. Data about patients' demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes were collected from medical records. RESULTS: The median age of 20 children with MIS-C was 80.5 months, 11 of them were male. The most common symptoms at admission were fever (100%), abdominal pain (70%), myalgia (50%), and rash (50%). Lymphopenia, elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes were their main laboratory findings. Cardiac involvement (90%) consisted of myopericarditis, valvulitis, left ventricular dysfunction, and coronary arteritis. Symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis and ileus were due to gastrointestinal involvement (50%). Macular rash on the trunk, erythema on upper eyelids were striking. Empiric antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin were used in all patients, glucocorticoids (90%), anti-thrombotic (65%) and vasoactive (45%) agents were used according to severity of disease. Response to IVIG treatment was poor, whereas glucocorticoids have dramatic affect. Seven patients (35%) were monitored in intensive care unit, none of them required intubation, mechanic ventilation or ECMO. The median recovery time, that is, the period when fever subside and inflammatory markers returned to normal was 9.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoids has critical role in treatment of MIS-C, early recognition and treatment may decrease need for intensive care by providing rapid recovery.

Background: understanding SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among health care personnel is important to ex-plore risk factors for transmission, develop elimination strategies and form a view on the necessity and frequency of surveillance in the future. Methods: we enrolled 4927 health care personnel working in pediatric units at 32 hospitals from 7 different regions of Turkey in a study to determine SARS Co-V-2 seroprevalence after the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A point of care serologic lateral flow rapid test kit for immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG was used. Seroprevalence and its association with demographic characteristics and possible risk factors were analyzed. Results: SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prevalence in health care personnel tested was 6.1%. Seropositivity was more common among those who did not universally wear protective masks (10.6% vs 6.1%). Having a COVID-19-positive co-worker increased the likelihood of infection. The least and the most experienced personnel were more likely to be infected. Most of the seropositive health care personnel (68.0%) did not suspect that they had previously had COVID-19. Conclusions: health surveillance for health care personnel involving routine point-of-care nucleic acid testing and monitoring personal protective equipment adherence are suggested as important strategies to protect health care personnel from COVID-19 and reduce nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission., NA

Bitkilerde, tozlaşma ve döllenme, çevresel faktörlerden etkilenen önemli bir olaydır. Polen çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü büyümesi boyunca bitkilerin hassasiyeti artmakta ve çevresel kirliliğe karşı bitkilerin generatif organları vejetatif kısımlarından daha duyarlıdır. Bu nedenle de metal toksisitesi ve gübreleme gibi uygun olmayan koşullardaki tozlaşma ve dolayısıyla meyve tutumu olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı ağır metal dozlarının (Cd, Co, Pb, Hg ve Zn) Red Chief ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerindeki polen çimlenmesi ve tüp büyümesi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çeşitlerin polen canlılığı oranları TTC (2-3-5-trifeniltetrazoliumklorid) canlılık testi ile belirlenmiş ve ortalama canlılık oranları Red Chief çeşidinde % 84.4 Granny Smith çeşidinde ise %75.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, çeşitler hem ağır metaller hem de doz uygulamasından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Çeşitlerin polen çimlenmesi ve tüp uzunluğu metal dozunun artışına bağlı olarak düşüş göstermiştir. Elma çeşitlerinde polen çimlenmesi ve tüp uzunluğu üzerine en yüksek engelleyici etkiyi civa (Hg) düşük etkiyi ise kobalt (Co) göstermiştir. In plant, pollination is a key event for fruit set and affected by environmental factors. During pollen germination and pollen tube growth, the plant is sensitive and against the environmental pollution of the generative organs of the plant is more sensitive than vegetative parts due to the toxicity and fertilization of plant in inappropriate conditions such as pollination and fruit attitude is adversely affected. In this study, the influence of different concentration of the heavy metal (Cd, Co, Pb, Hg and Zn) on pollen germination and tube growth of two apple cultivars (Red Chief and Granny Smith) was investigated. In cultivars, pollen viability rates were determined by TTC (2-3-5-trifeniltetrazoliumklorid) and they were average 84.4% in Red Chief and 75.4% in Granny Smith. In additionally, cultivars were significantly affected by both heavy metal and levels of them. Pollen germination and tube length of cultivars were decrease with increase in metal concentrations. Cobalt (Co) showed lowest inhibitory effect on pollen germination and tube length in apple varieties while Mercury (Hg) had the highest effect.