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This research analyzes the impact in the electromagnetic compatibility that the configurations of the neutral of grounding systems have in hospitals. The results herein propose a consistent standard model as the basis for future regulations to provide consistent guidelines for designing the power and telecommunications networks in hospitals, reducing the undesirable low frequency radiation exposure and improving their operations and maintenance. An experiment was carried out in two hospitals with different neutral configurations, so that the comparison could be validated. The outcomes of the simulation are presented and discussed, checking their compliance with International Electromagnetic Compatibility Normative. The TN-S neutral configuration is compared with the current standard design recommendations, showing a better performance in terms of network stability and electromagnetic compatibility. This study tries to justify the implementation of a design practice for the grounding system of hospitals which improves the management of the installation, its safety and durability.

El estudio desarrolla un análisis de la compatibilidad electromagnética en los recintos hospitalarios. En el mismo se trata de establecer las características del diseño inicial de la red eléctrica que permiten obtener un contexto electromagnético óptimo en el funcionamiento de los sistemas hospitalarios. En el trabajo se aborda el análisis de los distintos regímenes de neutro de las instalaciones de baja tension, con el objeto de establecer un estándar justificado que facilite la operación y funcionamiento de la instalación eléctrica y de comunicaciones en los sistemas hospitalarios. El análisis de los datos recabados permite proponer la utilización del régimen de neutro TN-S. Finalmente, se plantea para un futuro desarrollo normativo y de diseño la utilización del régimen de neutro TN-S como medida correctora para mejorar el funcionamiento electromagnético de centros hospitalarios. ----------ABSTRACT---------- This research analyzes the electromagnetic compatibility in hospital buildings and tries to stablish the initial design features of its low voltage systems for the better electromagnetic context. The present study analyzes different neutral regimes in low voltage networks and proposes a justified standard for electrical and communication networks which allows an optimal running in hospital systems. Based on the data and outcomings it is proposed a TN-S grounding system. It is proposed, for a future regulation development, the use of the TN-S grounding system for a better electromagnetic operation in hospital buildings.

There are very few countries that have provisions addressing the energy efficiency of the whole street lighting system, such as Spain or the Netherlands. Nevertheless, there is not an agreement about how energy efficiency must be assessed. The Spanish Government contemplates it in the Royal Decree 1890/2008 with the goal of improving energy savings and efficiency. However, this has not obtained the expected results. Nowadays, energy efficiency of this kind of systems is assessed using a label. In the case of Spain, this label only assesses one magnitude. The contributions of this paper are two evaluation systems (kiviat diagram and pie chart) which assess five magnitudes: lamps, energy efficiency index, light pollution, renewable energy contribution, and harness of the luminous flux using dimming. After that, a survey was done to study several subjects: (1) if citizens are aware about the efficiency of street lighting systems, (2) whether the sample of colors used in the label is adequate, and (3) if our proposed systems could replace the current evaluation system. Finally, the paper finishes with the conclusions of the survey.