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The spatial organization of stores plays a crucial role in the production and development of the urban form while, at the same time, being strongly influenced from the physical constraints of the latter. Yet the connection between retail distribution and the physical form of cities remains underexplored. This paper aims to unify the perspectives of two distinct disciplines-retail geography and urban morphology-rooted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Retail geography, tracing its origins to classical works in American and German regional economics, and urban morphology, emerging from the convergence of architectural and geographical schools in England, Italy and France, have evolved independently since the late '60s. This paper reviews their development, highlighting theoretical and empirical studies elucidating the interrelationship between retail distribution and urban form. While both disciplines acknowledge the mutual influence of retail and cities' they have progressed independently, with retail geography focusing on the evolution of the retail sector and urban morphology emphasizing the impact of physical form on socioeconomic functions. Identifying common ground, this paper underscores spatial affinities and organizational aspects often overlooked. The paper concludes by encouraging a unified understanding, recognizing the potential for a more nuanced comprehension of the intricate dynamics between retail distribution and the physical features of cities. This approach paves the way for future interdisciplinary research, fostering collaboration in unravelling the complexities that shape urban environments., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper analyses the state of public transport (PT) stops in Brussels through the lens of inclusiveness for disabled persons. The approach mixes qualitative perspectives (including talks and field trips with numerous NGOs, disabled individuals using PT and public authorities) and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of 2 487 stops across the STIB-MIVB network. The study found that the production of PT stops depends on a wide range of stakeholders. The degree of stops’ inclusiveness has been inherited largely from times when little attention was paid to travellers with specific needs. Despite significant efforts over the past years, a notable share of PT stops is still not inclusive, although shares vary subject to the travel constraints considered. There is no clear geographical pattern of inclusiveness, except at the scale of specific PT modes (underground stations vs surface stops) and several homogeneous bus or tram corridors., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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https://open.spotify.com/episode/19KudnPPr6NySC3iobFlJS?si=kWJPUZbjTb2XpYs4tXK3Jw, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

https://bxl-rentiere.medor.coop, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

0, https://www.radiopanik.org/emissions/la-brique-et-le-pave/2eme-episode-a-qui-appartient-bruxelles, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Conséquence de la transformation des cadres institutionnels du contrôle et de la sécurité, le déploiement de la vidéosurveillance dans l’espace public est aujourd’hui contesté par plusieurs collectifs militants qui s’organisent à travers des modes d’action cartographiques. Leurs pratiques entendent dénoncer, en la visibilisant, une nouvelle dimension techno-sécuritaire des rapports de pouvoir qui structurent l’espace. Grâce aux résultats d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès des membres de la plateforme Technopolice, nous montrons que le rôle stratégique de la cartographie collaborative dans leurs actions politiques réside dans ses fonctions agrégatives et multiscalaires. La diffusion de cartes et leur production apparaissent alors comme des moyens complémentaires, analytiques et symboliques, utilisés par les militants pour mieux appréhender et sensibiliser le public au phénomène auquel ils s’opposent., As a consequence of the transformation of the institutional frameworks of control and security, the spreading of videosurveillance in public space is today contested by several militant collectives that organize themselves through cartographic modes of action. Their practices aim to denounce, by making it visible, a new techno-security dimension of the power relations that structure space. Thanks to the results of a field survey conducted among the members of the cooperative platform Technopolice, we show that the strategic role of collaborative cartography in their political actions lies in its aggregative and multiscalar functions. The dissemination of maps and their production appear as complementary, analytical and symbolic means used by the activists to better understand and raise public awareness of the phenomenon they oppose., https://journals.openedition.org/mappemonde/9275, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

https://www.rtbf.be/article/les-constructions-neuves-ne-resoudront-pas-la-crise-du-logement-bruxellois-11331123, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Deprived urban areas, commonly referred to as ‘slums,’ are the consequence of unprecedented urbanisation. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Earth Observation (EO) in capturing physical aspects of urban deprivation. However, little research has explored AI’s ability to predict how locals perceive deprivation. This research aims to develop a method to predict citizens’ perception of deprivation using satellite imagery, citizen science, and AI .A deprivation perception score was computed from slum-citizens’ votes. Then, AI was used to model this score, and results indicate that it can effectively predict perception, with deep learning outperforming conventional machine learning. By leveraging AI and EO, policymakers can comprehend the underlying patterns of urban deprivation, enabling targeted interventions based on citizens’ needs. As over a quarter of the global urban population resides in slums, this tool can help prioritise citizens’ requirements, providing evidence for implementing urban upgrading policies aligned with SDG-11., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In response to the “Leave No One Behind" principle (the central promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development), reliable estimate of the total number of citizens living in slums is urgently needed but not available for some of the most vulnerable communities. Not having a reliable estimate of the number of poor urban dwellers limits evidence-based decision-making for proper resource allocation in the fight against urban inequalities. From a geographical perspective, urban population distribution maps in many low- and middle-income cities are most often derived from outdated or unreliable census data disaggregated by coarse administrative units. Moreover, slum populations are presented as aggregated within bigger administrative areas, leading to a large diffuse in the estimates. Existing global and open population databases provide homogeneously disaggregated information (i.e. in a spatial grid), but they mostly rely on census data to generate their estimates, so they do not provide additional information on the slum population. While a few studies have focused on bottom-up geospatial models for slum population mapping using survey data, geospatial covariates, and earth observation imagery, there is still a significant gap in methodological approaches for producing precise estimates within slums. To address this issue, we designed a pilot experiment to explore new avenues. We conducted this study in the slums of Nairobi, where we collected in situ data together with slum dwellers using a novel data collection protocol. Our results show that the combination of satellite imagery with in situ data collected by citizen science paves the way for generalisable, gridded estimates of slum populations. Furthermore, we find that the urban physiognomy of slums and population distribution patterns are related, which allows for highlighting the diversity of such patterns using earth observation within and between slums of the same city., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Les corps d’eau comme catalyseurs artistiques et enjeux d’un nouvel imaginaire commun* Espace insurgé :Le Lac Bullicante de Rome. Pour une fédération des lacs insurgés, Sabrina Baldacci & Enzo De Martino (Forum Territoriale Parco Delle Energie)* Plateau- Vers la régénération de nos espaces urbains, Giulia Fiocca & Lorenzo Romito, collectif Stalker- L’Ecole d’Urbanisme Nomade à Feral, Valeria Cirillo & Liesbeth De Ceulaer- Natural Contract Lab, Maria Lucia Cruz Correia- Penser avec les zones humides à Bruxelles, Allan-Lee Wei* Maillages - Se faire des allié·es* Ricochets (Se) Ménager, Rafaella Houlstan-Hasaerts et Giulietta Laki, 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

While high-speed rail networks involve significant public expenditure in the name of the whole nation, scholars have paid little attention to the share of the population served by this modern transport mode. Studies have favoured perspectives that either neglect population volumes or include them but cannot offer a worldwide assessment. Public authorities favour passionate statements about network length and cruising speed but at the same time they neglect the populations served. In contrast, this paper offers a worldwide comparison of populations served by high-speed rail services in 15 countries. We found the range is wide (7%−94%) and depends on several factors beyond network length, including network design, urbanisation patterns, technical characteristics and domestic vs. international purposes., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Public Transport as Contested Public Space: Fare Policies and Daily Mobilities in Brussels and TallinnThis dissertation explores the social and political dimensions of public transport and examines its implications as a public space in cities such as Brussels and Tallinn. By examining the tensions between planned and lived public spaces through four case studies, this research sheds light on the structuring devices of mobility regimes and their impact on everyday mobilities.Using a variety of qualitative methods, including interviews with different passengers and stakeholders, observational research and travel diaries, this dissertation explores the role of fare policies on mobility behaviour, the transformative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport atmospheres and behaviour, and the establishment of social rules of behaviour and their impact on deviant experiences. Through analyses of fare evasion in the Brussels metro and the effects of the free public transport policy in Tallinn, the author outlines the interplay between policy decisions, infrastructure and social control mechanisms. Incorporating feminist perspectives on the body and embodiment in urban spaces, the dissertation sets out at the micro level to explore users' everyday experiences and practices, to reveal how marginalised mobility needs intersect with societal norms and socio-cultural constructions of space, and to highlight the importance of practical knowledge and 'lived expertise' in understanding the realities of diverse urban citizens. This research contributes to the existing literature on urban theory and public transport by highlighting the political, social and communal functions of public transport. It makes empirical contributions to the literature on fare policy and fare evasion, and to frameworks of mobility justice, by examining urban inequalities manifested in public transport and identifying deviant practices as avenues for wider access and publicness. By illuminating, Le transport public en tant qu'espace public contesté :Politiques tarifaires et mobilités quotidiennes à Bruxelles et à TallinnCette thèse est née dans le but de comprendre ce qui constitue le "public" se trouvant à la fois dans les "transports publics" et dans l'"espace public". Ce n'est que récemment que les transports publics ont été inclus dans la littérature sur l'espace public qui, depuis des décennies, avait déjà discuté de leur rôle dans la vie sociale, culturelle, économique et politique des villes. En outre, la recherche sur les transports, qui s'est généralement concentrée sur une approche fonctionnaliste, ainsi que sur les besoins des navetteurs et les objectifs de planification urbaine axés sur la croissance, a négligé les différents besoins des usagers et la mobilité en tant que phénomène complexe au-delà du mouvement physique. Pour combler ces lacunes, je m'appuie sur la littérature des études sur la mobilité, de l'espace public et des approches féministes de la justice sociale. Ainsi, je souhaite étendre l'approche conventionnelle des transports publics à un éventail plus large d'expériences, en les examinant en tant qu'espace public à travers une étude empirique des expériences et des pratiques quotidiennes de mobilité au niveau individuel. La recherche a été menée à Tallinn (Estonie) et à Bruxelles (Belgique). Ces deux villes sont confrontées à des défis similaires, tels qu'un taux de motorisation élevé et un étalement urbain croissant, la diversité de la population et la ségrégation socio-spatiale. Les principales données pour Bruxelles sont 27 entretiens avec des passagers fraudeurs, des observations ethnographiques dans les stations de métro et sur les médias sociaux, ainsi qu'une enquête en ligne et 33 entretiens semi-structurés avec des passagers pendant la pandémie COVID-19. À Tallinn, 22 personnes ont été interrogées lors de deux entretiens et ont rempli un journal de voyage de sept jours.Les quatre publications présentées dans cette thèse a, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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How many households are evicted from their homes each year in Brussels? What is known about the profile of evicted tenants and landlords who have called for an eviction? Are some parts of the city more affected than others? Although they constitute an extreme case of deprivation of the right to housing, evictions from housing in Brussels are still very poorly documented. This article aims to address this lack of knowledge by providing a comprehensive snapshot of judicial evictions over one year (2018) for the entire Brussels Region. The results highlight the importance of questioning the lack of institutional data on housing evictions in a city where housing production and allocation is largely dominated by market mechanisms., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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La résistance organisée face à la vidéosurveillance publique signifie plus qu’une opposition à la surveillance, elle ouvre la possibilité d’une critique de l’espace public et de son dépassement par la notion d’« espace commun ». La thèse défendue dans cet article s’appuie sur une recherche de terrain menée auprès de collectifs actifs dans la campagne Technopolice, dédiée à la résistance à la surveillance urbaine (entretiens, observations et participations à leurs activités). Après avoir fait le constat de l’algorithmisation croissante du contrôle de l’espace public, l’article se penche sur la structure organisationnelle décentralisée de Technopolice, reliant des groupes locaux autonomes via une plateforme centralisant des informations et favorisant la participation des habitant·es pour contester la légalité de la surveillance. L’enjeu est de démontrer que l’organisation de Technopolice reflète une autodétermination collective qui génère un espace politique alternatif remettant en question l’ordre établi de l’espace public et ses fondements philosophiques., https://journals.openedition.org/geocarrefour/22513, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Transport geography has become more diverse in terms of research themes, methods, and sources considered. New pathways for transport research have been initiated not only within the field but also by scholars from other disciplines, for instance, sociology and environmental science. In addition, the advent of the big data era has offered new research opportunities while also raising new methodological concerns. These new directions have sometimes shaken up transport geographers and forced them to change their perspective. In this context, this chapter considers advances, opportunities, and, sometimes, risks and disappointments induced by the following topics to transport geography: epistemology and social theories; urban transport; long-distance travel and the environment; the relationships between transport and spatial planning; linking spaces, places, and time; new (big) data sources; and visualising transport geography., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Dans les rues de Bruxelles, le réseau de caméras de surveillance s’est considérablement élargi ces dernières années. Lutte contre l’insécuritéet le terrorisme ou contre les dépôts clandestins, régulation du trafic routier, zone de basses émissions, cet outil de surveillance apparaîtsouvent comme la solution-miracle aux problèmes qui se posent aux autorités. Dans cet article, nous allons tenter de comprendre àquoi servent ces images capturées par les caméras de surveillance, comment elles sont utilisées et remplissent leurs promesses., https://www.liguedh.be/chronique-203-ces-technologies-qui-nous-veulent-du-bien, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Every city is subjected, to a greater or lesser degree, to a constant process of renewal which affects its urban fabric and responds to the particularities of each historical period. It is a renewal generating changes that leave their mark on urban morphology and that are especially sensitive in the founding neighborhoods of every urban fact that personalize the historic centers. We are witnessing since the end of the last century a destruction of the social and economic concept of neighborhood for the sake of an artificiality, a musealization caused by the important process of touristification in this "sacred part of the city" in which rests the essence of the differentiation of each urban core. But the actions in such significant spaces are a continuous source of conflict, whether from the private or the public sphere. To the excessive protection in which different urban planning figures overlap and that retracts private initiative are added the controversies between local governments and certain sectors of the population when acting on the public domain., Chaque ville est soumise, à des degrés divers, à un processus constant de rénovation qui affecte son tissu urbain et qui répond aux particularités de chaque époque, rénovation génératrice de changements qui laissent leur empreinte dans la morphologie urbaine et qui sont particulièrement sensibles dans les quartiers fondateurs de tout fait urbain. Dans de nombreux cas, comme dans celui de la ville de León, nous assistons depuis la fin du siècle dernier à une destruction du concept social et économique de quartier au nom d’une artificiosité et d’une muséalisation provoquée par l’important processus de touritification auquel on est soumis dans cette partie "sacrée de la ville" où repose l’essence de la différenciation de chaque centre urbain. Mais les actions dans ces espaces si significatifs sont une source continue de conflits, que ce soit dans le domaine privé ou public. À la protection excessive dans laquelle se chevauchent différentes figures d’urbanisme et qui retranche l’initiative privée s’ajoutent les controverses entre les gouvernements locaux et certains secteurs de la population pour agir sur le domaine public., Toda ciudad está sometida, en mayor o menor grado, a un constante proceso de renovación que afecta a su tejido urbano y que responde a las particularidades de cada época, renovación generadora de cambios que dejan su impronta en la morfología urbana y que son especialmente sensibles en los barrios fundacionales de todo hecho urbano que personalizan los cascos históricos En muchos casos, como en el de la ciudad de León, estamos asistiendo desde finales del siglo pasado a una destrucción del concepto social y económico de barrio en aras de una artificiosidad, una musealización provocada por el importante proceso de turistificación al que se están viendo sometida en esta parte “sagrada de la ciudad” en la que descansa la esencia de la diferenciación de cada núcleo urbano. Pero las actuaciones en estos espacios tan significativos son una continua fuente de conflictos, ya sea desde el ámbito privado o desde el público. A la excesiva protección en la que se superponen diferentes figuras de planeamiento urbanístico y que retrae la iniciativa privada se le suman las controversias entre gobiernos locales y ciertos sectores de la población a la hora de actuar sobre el dominio público.

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À Bruxelles, comme dans d’autres villes européennes, la question des loyers et de leurs conséquences sociales pose de plus en plus problème. Pourtant, la question du logement est souvent abordée par le biais des locataires, laissant notre connaissance sur les propriétaires relativement partielle. Au travers de cette thèse, divisée en quatre chapitres, je me chargerai de répondre à la question : « comment la rente structure-t-elle le marché de la location ? » La première partie traite de la théorie de la rente et vise à répondre à la sous-question suivante : « Qu’est-ce que la rente ? ». D’abord, j’y présente ce qu’est la rente pour les Physiocrates, les classiques, les marxistes et les néoclassiques. Ensuite, je m’attarde sur les différences d’interprétation au sujet des trois catégories de rente – différentielle, absolue et de monopole – chez K. Marx ainsi que sur leur transposition au contexte urbain.La seconde partie de la thèse porte sur le profil des bailleurs et est guidée par cette question : « Qui perçoit la rente dans le secteur de la location de logements ? ». Elle se base sur des données administratives individuelles de la documentation patrimoniale. Une partie de la littérature insiste sur la financiarisation du logement. Pourtant, il ressort de cette analyse que les logements loués sont surtout possédés par des propriétaires individuels de petite ou moyenne envergure. Ces bailleurs sont plutôt issus des classes intermédiaires et supérieures même si l’existence de bailleurs populaires n’est pas négligeable. Enfin, bien qu'elle représente une part significative des ménages bruxellois, l’extraction de rentes est le fait d’une minorité, et porte sur des logements pour la plupart anciens et déjà amortis.Dans la troisième partie, j’étudie les stratégies de maximisation de la rente et je documente le cas de la conversion de logements en hébergements touristiques par le biais des plateformes du type Airbnb et HomeAway. Dans ce chapitre, je m’attarde d’abord à c, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Urban soil security depends on the means and social practices that enable multiple generations to maintain and improve soil resources. Soils are pivotal to urban sustainability yet seem absent from international planning advisories for sustainable urban development. Subsuming soils under broad and unspecific categories (ecosystem, environment, land, etc.) leaves soil interests indeterminate and largely ignored in urban planning. The absence of soils in sustainable urban planning advice permits planning guidelines that cause increasing land-use conversions which seal soils. Urban patterns of sealed and distanced soils, preventing access to and direct enjoyment of soil benefits, generate disengagement from soils. Despite fierce land-use competition, urban areas offer the greatest potential for soil connectivity exactly because people concentrate there. Based on previous work we accept that everyday opportunities to encounter and directly engage with soils in Pre-Columbian lowland Maya urban life rendered soil connectivity commonplace. Here, we review how the two original routes towards soil connectivity, knowledge exchange and producer–consumer relationships, reinforced and supported regular soil engagement in Maya urban practice. We frame our interpretation of Maya cultural values and urban practices in terms of leading insights from environmental psychology on pro-environmental behaviour and stakeholder attitudes and the principles of building resilience. This allows us to recognise that Maya urban soil connectivity functions thanks to the structural involvement of the largest societal stakeholder group, while imparting soil knowledge is entangled in shared socio-cultural activities rather than a task for a minority of soil specialists. The emerging Maya model for a socially engaged soil-aware urban society combines bottom-up practices and top-down social–ecological cultural values to increase resilience, to diminish reliance on long-distance supply chains, and to m, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published