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Background: Oncology databases that integrate genomic and clinical data have become valuable resources for precision medicine. However, the generalizability of these databases has not been comprehensively assessed. Objectives: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and overall survival of breast cancer cohorts in GENIE‐BPC and three other databases. Methods: This study utilized GENIE‐BPC, SEER, SEER‐Medicare, and Merative MarketScan Research Databases. Women with invasive breast cancer were identified through EHR, cancer registries or ICD‐9/10‐CM codes. The ages were 18+ years or per database requirement. Treatments were based on EHR or HCPCS/NDC codes in claims. Overall survival was estimated as time from diagnosis to death. Results: Of female breast cancer patients in GENIE‐BPC (n = 775), SEER (n = 548 336), SEER‐Medicare (n = 68 914), and Marketscan (n = 109 499) databases, the median ages at initial diagnosis were 44, 62, 74, and 57 years, respectively. A greater proportion of patients in GENIE‐BPC, compared to SEER/SEER‐Medicare, had higher nuclear grades (%III–%IV: 57% vs. 26%/24%), advanced disease stage (%IV: 25.3% vs. 5%/3.6%), percent of triple negative breast cancer (19.7% vs. 10.2%/8.5%), and receipt of chemotherapy (85.0% vs. NA/22.3%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were lower in GENIE‐BPC (78.5%, 60.5%, 55.5%) than in SEER (95.8%, 89.5%, 85.5%) and SEER‐Medicare (91.6%, 81.4%, 75.0%). Conclusion: Breast cancer patients in GENIE‐BPC were younger, had more advanced disease, had a higher proportion of triple negative breast cancer and recipients of chemotherapy, and had poorer overall survival. Researchers must use statistical adjustment when extrapolating results (e.g., biomarker prevalence) from GENIE‐BPC to the larger breast cancer population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Treatment of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved in recent years, benefiting from advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, limited biomarkers exist to assist clinicians and patients in selecting the most effective, personalized treatment strategies. Targeted next-generation sequencing–based genomic profiling has become routine in cancer treatment and generated crucial clinicogenomic data over the last decade. This has made the development of mutational biomarkers for drug response possible. Methods To investigate the association between a patient’s responses to a specific somatic mutation treatment, we analyzed the NSCLC GENIE BPC cohort, which includes 2,004 tumor samples from 1,846 patients. Results We identified somatic mutation signatures associated with response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, including carboplatin-, cisplatin-, pemetrexed- or docetaxel-based chemotherapy. The prediction power of the chemotherapy-associated signature was significantly affected by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. Therefore, we developed an EGFR wild-type–specific mutation signature for chemotherapy selection. Conclusion Our treatment-specific gene signatures will assist clinicians and patients in selecting from multiple treatment options.

Background: Treatment of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved in recent years, benefiting from advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, limited biomarkers exist to assist clinicians and patients in selecting the most effective, personalized treatment strategies. Targeted next-generation sequencing–based genomic profiling has become routine in cancer treatment and generated crucial clinicogenomic data over the last decade. This has made the development of mutational biomarkers for drug response possible. Methods: To investigate the association between a patient's responses to a specific somatic mutation treatment, we analyzed the NSCLC GENIE BPC cohort, which includes 2,004 tumor samples from 1,846 patients. Results: We identified somatic mutation signatures associated with response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, including carboplatin-, cisplatin-, pemetrexed- or docetaxel-based chemotherapy. The prediction power of the chemotherapy-associated signature was significantly affected by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. Therefore, we developed an EGFR wild-type–specific mutation signature for chemotherapy selection. Conclusion: Our treatment-specific gene signatures will assist clinicians and patients in selecting from multiple treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic restaurant industry, we introduce ''Genie,'' an AI-powered chatbot, represents an advancement in customer service efficiency through technological innovation. Designed to enhance restaurant operations including order processing, reservations, and FAQs management, Genie leverages advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. By converting input queries into word embeddings and applying a sophisticated tag classification system, Genie precisely interprets customer intents and generates accurate responses, thereby markedly improving the dining experience. Our thorough examination of various word embeddings and classifiers—Word2Vec, Glove, BERT, Gaussian Naive Bayes, XGB, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Recurrent Neural Networks—revealed that the combination of Word2Vec and ANN is the most effective, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 88.9 %. This discovery highlights Genie's capability to not only streamline restaurant operations but also enhance customer satisfaction by minimizing wait times and facilitating contactless service options. Additionally, this study enriches the understanding of AI's application in service industries and explores the potential future impact of generative AI technologies on chatbot interactions. As AI technology advances, its integration is essential for Genie to deliver increasingly personalized and dynamic customer experiences, aligning with the evolving demands of the digital era. This research emphasizes the transformative impact of AI in the restaurant industry, providing valuable insights into its practical applications and future prospects for automated customer service solutions.

Differences in cancer genomes between racial groups may impact tumor biology and health disparities. However, the discovery of race-associated mutations is constrained by the limited representation and sample size of different racial groups in prior genomic studies. We evaluated the influence of race on the frequency of gene mutations using the Genomics, Evidence, Neoplasia, Information, Exchange database, a large genomic dataset aggregated from clinical sequencing. Matched cohort analyses were used to identify histology-specific race-associated mutations including increased TERT promoter mutations in Black and Asian patients with gliomas and bladder cancers, and a decreased frequency of mutations in DNA repair pathway genes and subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin complex in Asian and Black patients across multiple cancer types. The distribution of actionable mutations in oncogenes was also race-specific, demonstrating how targeted therapies may have a disparate impact on racial groups. Down-sampling analyses indicate that larger sample sizes are likely to discover more race-associated mutations. These results provide a resource to understand differences in cancer genomes between racial groups which may inform the design of clinical studies and patient recruitment strategies in biomarker trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although driverless technology belongs to the frontier of science and technology, there is no sufficient actual data. From the lack of a comprehensive systematic evaluation method of traffic safety under driverless penetration, considering the impact of the three core systems of driverless perception, decision-making, control, and the complex road factors on the safety of driving, we review the main risk causal factors through the analysis of the accident causal model STAMP and put forward the fusion of the Leaky Noisy-OR Gate and Bayesian network model. The Bayesian network professional analysis tool GeNIe 2.0 was used to simulate, analyze, and evaluate the driverless traffic risk Bayesian network model, which accurately assessed the traffic safety risk under driverless penetration and diagnosed and identified the sensitive risk factors. The results of this study concluded that, in order to effectively deal with the future traffic safety risks of driverless vehicles, vehicle enterprises, research institutions, software and hardware suppliers in the field of driverless driving should strengthen the research and development and manufacturing of key components such as perception, and enhance the depth of research and development of AI decision-making software, which provides a new way of thinking about the management of the safety risk of driverless traffic and a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of risk control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Backgorund Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths among Hispanics living in the United States (USH). Understanding the most common carcinogenic molecular pathways that affect Hispanics with CRC is crucial to guide research efforts in developing new therapeutic modalities incorporating genomically diverse populations. Tumor profiling techniques help identify actionable alternatives to recommend treatment and improve survival in cancer patients. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis to evaluate the mutational profile of 218 CRC tumors in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico (PRH) who underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS) testing from 2015 to 2020. We compared the prevalence of CRC tumor somatic mutations in PRHs with the mutational profiles reported for CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan‐Cancer Clinical Data, the AACR Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE)‐Non‐Hispanic, and GENIE‐Hispanic datasets. Results Among the top mutated genes in CRC tumors in PRHs were APC, TP53, and KRAS, which had significantly higher mutational frequencies in PRH compared to the examined datasets, including GENIE‐Hispanics. The most frequent gene amplifications for PRH were CDX2, CDKN1B, and HNRNPA2B1. Targetable biomarkers for CRC, such as microsatellite instability‐high (MSI), wild‐type KRAS, wild‐type NRAS, V600E BRAF, and ERBB2 gene amplifications were found in 2.0%, 43.8%, 97.8%, 3.9%, and 2.3%, respectively, of PRH patients. Conclusion This is the first study to report the mutational profile of CRC tumors in PRHs and make comparisons to other non‐Hispanic and USH populations.

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Backgorund: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among Hispanics living in the United States (USH). Understanding the most common carcinogenic molecular pathways that affect Hispanics with CRC is crucial to guide research efforts in developing new therapeutic modalities incorporating genomically diverse populations. Tumor profiling techniques help identify actionable alternatives to recommend treatment and improve survival in cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis to evaluate the mutational profile of 218 CRC tumors in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico (PRH) who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing from 2015 to 2020. We compared the prevalence of CRC tumor somatic mutations in PRHs with the mutational profiles reported for CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pan-Cancer Clinical Data, the AACR Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE)-Non-Hispanic, and GENIE-Hispanic datasets. Results: Among the top mutated genes in CRC tumors in PRHs were APC, TP53, and KRAS, which had significantly higher mutational frequencies in PRH compared to the examined datasets, including GENIE-Hispanics. The most frequent gene amplifications for PRH were CDX2, CDKN1B, and HNRNPA2B1. Targetable biomarkers for CRC, such as microsatellite instability-high (MSI), wild-type KRAS, wild-type NRAS, V600E BRAF, and ERBB2 gene amplifications were found in 2.0%, 43.8%, 97.8%, 3.9%, and 2.3%, respectively, of PRH patients. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the mutational profile of CRC tumors in PRHs and make comparisons to other non-Hispanic and USH populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although driverless technology belongs to the frontier of science and technology, there is no sufficient actual data. From the lack of a comprehensive systematic evaluation method of traffic safety under driverless penetration, considering the impact of the three core systems of driverless perception, decision-making, control, and the complex road factors on the safety of driving, we review the main risk causal factors through the analysis of the accident causal model STAMP and put forward the fusion of the Leaky Noisy-OR Gate and Bayesian network model. The Bayesian network professional analysis tool GeNIe 2.0 was used to simulate, analyze, and evaluate the driverless traffic risk Bayesian network model, which accurately assessed the traffic safety risk under driverless penetration and diagnosed and identified the sensitive risk factors. The results of this study concluded that, in order to effectively deal with the future traffic safety risks of driverless vehicles, vehicle enterprises, research institutions, software and hardware suppliers in the field of driverless driving should strengthen the research and development and manufacturing of key components such as perception, and enhance the depth of research and development of AI decision-making software, which provides a new way of thinking about the management of the safety risk of driverless traffic and a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of risk control measures.

Polytechnique Montréal s’est doté d’un portfolio numérique pour faire le suivi et l’évaluation des 12 compétences requises par le Bureau canadien d’agrément des programmes de génie. Cet article présente le contexte ayant mené à la mise en place de l’outil, nommé Polyfolio, ses principales fonctionnalités, ainsi que son processus de conception.

I attempt in this essay to shed new light on the origins of Louis Pasteur's uniquely progressive mind and spirit and the various factors in his background and upbringing that shaped them. There is, however, very limited documentation on the early period of Pasteur's life, apart from his son-in- law's (René Vallery-Radot) biographical account, and this is considered by many as more akin to a work of hagiography. We do have, on the other hand, Pasteur's correspondence with his parents and sisters as compiled and annotated by his grandson, Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot. Using these limited sources, combined with what we know about Pasteur's home environment and early education, his cultural influences (like the books he read), and his drawings and etchings, I have attempted in this essay to hypothesize regarding the influences during Pasteur's childhood, adolescence, and very early adult years as a scientist and how they contributed to the formation of Pasteur's mind and spirit, while fully acknowledging the extent to which this is based on indirect evidence and, occasionally, outright speculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At a comprehensive, public university in Western Canada, a fourth-year course in risk and safety management was recently made a requirement for all engineering students; depending on their program, students may take this course in their second, third, fourth, or fifth year of their program. As a result of increasing class sizes, this course was shifted from traditional to blended instruction. Since blending and opening this course to students with varying years of undergraduate engineering experience, instructors noted a difference in students’ maturity (e.g., a change in quantity and quality of in-class discussion, questions, participation, student-teacher interactions, and problem solving capabilities) and questioned whether this impacted their interactions with online material. Research examining the impact of blended learning in Engineering has primarily focused on large first-year undergraduate courses; research about blended learning in upper-year engineering courses is sparse. Studies investigating courses with students of varying years of experience in the program are virtually non-existent. Therefore, to better understand students’ interactions with online material during blended learning as connected to years in their program, we examined the relationship between levels of interaction and performance of students by year in program. This study analyzed approximately 2000 students’ interactions with online material and performance across five sections of a risk-management course in engineering. We found that students who had completed more years of their program interacted less with online material than students earlier in their undergraduate careers. Academic performance, on the other hand, was higher for students who had interacted more with online material and slightly higher for students who had completed more years in their program. These results suggest that the delivery of instructional materials may need to be tailored to students’ year in their program. Further implications and areas of future study are discussed. Dans une université polyvalente publique de l’Ouest du Canada, un cours de quatrième année sur la gestion des risques et de la sécurité a été récemment déclaré obligatoire pour les étudiants et les étudiantes en génie. En fonction de leur programme, les étudiants et les étudiantes suivent ce cours dans la deuxième, la troisième, la quatrième ou la cinquième année de leur programme. Suite au nombre grandissant d’étudiants et d’étudiantes dans les classes, ce cours est passé d’un cours traditionnel à un cours en apprentissage hybride. Depuis que ce cours est offert en apprentissage hybride à des étudiants et à des étudiantes qui se trouvent dans diverses années de leur programme et dont l’expérience en génie du premier cycle varie, les professeurs et les professeures ont noté une différence dans la maturité des étudiants et des étudiantes (par ex. changement dans la quantité et la qualité des discussions en classe, questions, participation, interactions entre étudiants et professeurs et capacités de résolution de problèmes) et se demandent si cela a eu des effets sur leurs interactions avec le matériel en ligne. La recherche portant sur les effets de l’apprentissage hybride en génie s’est principalement penchée sur les grandes classes de première année du premier cycle universitaire. La recherche portant sur les cours de génie des années supérieures est peu abondante. Les études de recherche sur les cours où sont inscrits des étudiants et des étudiantes qui se trouvent dans diverses années de leur programme sont pratiquement inexistantes. C’est pourquoi, afin de mieux comprendre les interactions des étudiants et des étudiantes avec le matériel en ligne dans un cours hybride tel que connectées à l’année de leur programme, nous avons examiné la relation entre les niveaux d’interaction et la performance des étudiants et des étudiantes par année du programme. Cette étude a permis d’analyser environ 2000 interactions d’étudiants et d’étudiantes avec le matériel en ligne ainsi que leurs résultats académiques dans cinq sections d’un cours sur la gestion des risques en génie. Nous avons constaté que les étudiants et les étudiantes qui avaient complété davantage d’années dans leur programme interagissaient moins avec le matériel en ligne que les étudiants et les étudiantes qui se trouvaient au premier cycle de leur carrière. Les résultats académiques, par contre, était supérieurs parmi les étudiants et les étudiantes qui avaient interagi davantage avec le matériel en ligne et un peu plus élevés parmi les étudiants et les étudiantes qui avaient complété davantage d’années dans leur programme. Les résultats suggèrent que la fourniture de matériel didactique devrait peut-être être adaptée à l’année dans laquelle les étudiants et les étudiantes se trouvent dans leur programme. D’autres implications et des domaines d’études futures sont discutés.

Gustav Schilling charakterisierte Clara Wieck Schumann 1838 als geniale Virtuosin ebenso wie als geniale Komponistin, während sie selbst keinen Geniestatus für sich beanspruchte. Durch die im medizinisch-anthropologischen Diskurs im 19. Jahrhundert behauptete ›natürliche Ungleichheit‹ von Frauen und Männern wurde die Idee eines heldenhaften Genies, das unangestrengt und voraussetzungslos originelle Ideen produziert, verstärkt. Demgegenüber dokumentierte die Künstlerin, dass Komponieren harte Arbeit sein könne und sie das Handwerk systematisch gelernt habe. Heute hat sich der Fokus von der Diskussion des Genies auf die Erforschung von Kreativität verlagert. Einige zentrale Fragen, wie die nach den Akteur*innen, dem Publikum, den Aktionen, den Artefakten sowie den soziokulturellen und materiellen Entstehungsbedingungen musikalischer Werke können mit Kategorien der Genderforschung verbunden werden. Aus dieser Perspektive betrachte ich die Entstehung von Clara Wieck Schumanns Scherzo op. 10 und der Romanze op. 11/2. Die Kenntnis, wie und was unter Genie zu verschiedenen Zeiten verstanden wurde, konfrontiert uns damit, über eigene explizite wie implizite Überzeugungen nachzudenken und neue Zugänge zu ›post-genialistischen‹ Kunstwerken zu erarbeiten. In 1838 Gustav Schilling characterized Clara Wieck Schumann as a virtuoso and composer of genius; however, she never claimed genius for herself. The assumed naturalness of female inequality in medical and anthropological discourses of the nineteenth century reinforced the idea of a natural-born heroic genius who produces original ideas without effort and preconditions. In contrast, Clara Wieck Schumann documented that composing could be hard work and that she had received a systematic musical education. Today, the discussion of genius has given way to research on creativity. Some key questions of this research such as the actors, audiences, actions, artifacts, and sociocultural and material affordances of musical works can be connected to categories of gender studies. From this perspective I reflect on the compositional process of Clara Wieck Schumann’s Scherzo op. 10 and Romanze op. 11, no. 2. Understanding the concept of genius in different historical periods prompts us to re-think our own explicit and implicit assumptions and to find new approaches to “post-genius” art works.

Abstract Background Diet quality in older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool—GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement)—was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. Methods Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion. Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; ‘prudent’ diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up. Results Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month (interquartile range (IQR), 0.03 (− 0.24–0.07)), whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (− 0.15 (− 0.24–0.03)). Conclusion The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02935452 . NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Registered 17 October 2016.

Cet article propose d’explorer les statuts accordés aux compositeurs contemporains dans les premières années du XXe siècle en France, en comparant deux périodiques au format et aux lectorats très différents : d’un côté Musica (1902-1914), premier magazine musical français lancé par Pierre Lafitte, destiné à un lectorat issu de la bourgeoisie, essentiellement féminin et pratiquant la musique en amateur ; de l’autre, Le Mercure musical (1905-1906), une « petite revue » d’avant-garde dont la ligne éditoriale et les réseaux de circulation sont à l’opposé de ceux de Musica. Il s’agit de comprendre comment le format de ces deux périodiques a influencé la façon dont est conçu et véhiculé un objet commun, soit la grandeur culturelle des compositeurs contemporains. Il ressort que Musica mise sur le vedettariat et présente presque seulement des compositeurs déjà connus, alors que Le Mercure musical met principalement en avant des artistes émergents, souvent en marge ou en conflit avec les institutions officielles, en utilisant une rhétorique avant-courrière du génie qui sera un jour reconnu.

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Abstract Background Significant numbers of variants detected in cancer patients are often left labeled only as variants of unknown significance (VUS). In order to expand precision medicine to a wider population, we need to extend our knowledge of pathogenicity and drug response in the context of VUS’s. Methods In this study, we analyzed variants from AACR Project GENIE Consortium APG (Cancer Discov 7:818-831, 2017) and compared them to the COSMIC database Forbes et al. (Nucleic Acids Res 43:D805-811, 2015) to identify recurrent variants that would merit further study. We filtered out known hotspot variants, inactivating variants in tumor suppressors, and likely benign variants by comparing with COSMIC and ExAC Lee et al. (Science 337:967-971, 2012). Results We have identified 45,933 novel variants with unknown significance unique to GENIE. In our analysis, we found on average six variants per patient where two could be considered as pathogenic or likely pathogenic and the majority are VUS’s. More importantly, we have discovered 730 recurrent variants that appear more than 3 times in GENIE but less than 3 in COSMIC. If we combine the recurrences of GENIE and COSMIC for all variants, 2586 are newly identified as occurring more than 3 times than when using COSMIC alone. Conclusions Although it would be inappropriate to blindly accept these recurrent variants as pathogenic, they may warrant higher priority than other observed VUS’s. These newly identified recurrent variants might affect the molecular profiles of approximately 1 in 6 patients. Further analysis and characterization of these variants in both research and clinical contexts will improve patient treatments and the development of new therapeutics.

Almond is an extendible open-source virtual assistant designed to help people access Internet services and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Both are referred to as skills here. Service providers can easily enable their devices for Almond by defining proper APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for ThingTalk in Thingpedia. ThingTalk is a virtual assistant programming language, and Thingpedia is an application encyclopedia. Almond uses a large neural network to translate user commands in natural language into ThingTalk programs. To obtain enough data for the training of the neural network, Genie was developed to synthesize pairs of user commands and corresponding ThingTalk programs based on a natural language template approach. In this work, we extended Genie to support Chinese. For 107 devices and 261 functions registered in Thingpedia, 649 Chinese primitive templates and 292 Chinese construct templates were analyzed and developed. Two models, seq2seq (sequence-to-sequence) and MQAN (multiple question answer network), were trained to translate user commands in Chinese into ThingTalk programs. Both models were evaluated, and the experiment results showed that MQAN outperformed seq2seq. The exact match, BLEU, and F1 token accuracy of MQAN were 0.7, 0.82, and 0.88, respectively. As a result, users could use Chinese in Almond to access Internet services and IoT devices registered in Thingpedia.

According to ancient Egyptian belief, the created world was populated by humans, spirits of deceased humans, deities, and a host of supernatural beings whose identities were never precisely defined. The Egyptian language refers to the first three categories as, respectively, rmT, Ax or mwt, and nTr, but lacks a proper term for the fourth class. Egyptians nonetheless recognized the existence of these beings, and we are therefore justified in studying them as an ontological category. Instead of defining “demons” as a uniform group, the Egyptians gave specific names and occasionally physical attributes to its individual classes and members. These names and associated iconography do not so much characterize what these demons are as identify what they do. From the perspective of humans, their behavior can be benevolent and malevolent. Two main classes of demons can be recognized: wanderers and guardians. Wandering demons travel between this world and the beyond acting as emissaries for deities or on their own accord. They can bring diseases, nightly terrors, and misfortune and are therefore basically malevolent. Guardian demons are tied to a specific locality, either in the beyond or on earth, and protect their locality from intrusion and pollution; as such, their function is rather benevolent. In the Late and Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, they came to be regarded as deities in their own right and received cult.

The TempO-Seq S1500+ platform(s), now available for human, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, measures a discrete number of genes that are representative of biological and pathway co-regulation across the entire genome in a given species. While measurement of these genes alone provides a direct assessment of gene expression activity, extrapolating expression values to the whole transcriptome (~26 000 genes in humans) can estimate measurements of non-measured genes of interest and increases the power of pathway analysis algorithms by using a larger background gene expression space. Here, we use data from primary hepatocytes of 54 donors that were treated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin and then measured on the human S1500+ platform containing ~3000 representative genes. Measurements for the S1500+ genes were then used to extrapolate expression values for the remaining human transcriptome. As a case study of the improved downstream analysis achieved by extrapolation, the "measured only" and "whole transcriptome" (measured + extrapolated) gene sets were compared. Extrapolation increased the number of significant genes by 49%, bringing to the forefront many that are known to be associated with tunicamycin exposure. The extrapolation procedure also correctly identified established tunicamycin-related functional pathways reflected by coordinated changes in interrelated genes while maintaining the sample variability observed from the "measured only" genes. Extrapolation improved the gene- and pathway-level biological interpretations for a variety of downstream applications, including differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment pathway analysis, DAVID keyword analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and NextBio correlated compound analysis. The extrapolated data highlight the role of metabolism/metabolic pathways, the ER, immune response, and the unfolded protein response, each of which are key activities associated with tunicamycin exposure that were unrepresented or underrepresented in one or more of the analyses of the original "measured only" dataset. Furthermore, the inclusion of the extrapolated genes raised "tunicamycin" from third to first upstream regulator in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and from sixth to second most correlated compound in NextBio analysis. Therefore, our case study suggests an approach to extend and enhance data from the S1500+ platform for improved insight into biological mechanisms and functional outcomes of diseases, drugs, and other perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Diet quality in older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool—GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement)—was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. Methods: Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion. Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up. Results: Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month (interquartile range (IQR), 0.03 (− 0.24–0.07)), whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (− 0.15 (− 0.24–0.03)). Conclusion: The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02935452. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Registered 17 October 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin Hispanique is the property of Universite de Bordeaux III (Michel de Montaigne), Institut Hispanique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)