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Aim: To investigate the predictive value of lesion length in multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging with respect to prostate volume for clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis in targeted biopsies. Materials and methods: The data of biopsy-naïve patients in the Turkish Urooncology Association Prostate Cancer Database who underwent targeted prostate biopsies were included in this study. Lesion density is calculated as the ratio of lesion length (mm) in MR to prostate volume (cc). The biopsy results were divided into either clinically significant or insignificant cancer and benign groups. The difference in parameters between groups is evaluated by multivariable analysis to determine independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis. Results: A total of 590 lesion biopsies were included in the study. In univariable analysis, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, number of cores taken, lesion length, lesion density, patient age, and digital rectal examination findings were found to be different at a statistically significant level between groups (P values, respectively: 0.001,

Objective: We aimed to investigate the long-term surveillance outcomes (biochemical recurrance, survival) and adequacy of active surveillance criteria to detect low-risk prostate cancer patients who were eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between January 2005 and January 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Upstaging, upgrading, surveillance periods, and survival status of patients with clinical stage T1c and T2a, serum prostate-specific antigen below 10 ng/mL, International Society of Urological Pathology grade 1, number of tumor-positive cores in biopsy 2 and below, tumor percentage in tumor-positive cores 50 and below were inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Results: The study included 606 patients. Of these patients, 184 (30.4%) met the inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Upgrading was detected in 77 (41.8%) patients and upstaging in 29 (15.8%) patients who met the criteria for active surveillance. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density values of the patients who met the active surveillance criteria were significantly lower than those of the other patients (p

Stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that can cause disability and death if not diagnosed and treated early. Stroke is the leading cause of death among neurological diseases. In this case study, we describe the therapeutic history of decompression surgery in a 72-year-old patient with motor and cognitive function deficits after acute ischaemic stroke.

Alper Tuna Güven,1 Murat Özdede,2 Burcu Çelik Eroğlu3 1Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 2Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 3Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Alper Tuna Güven, Email atunaguven@ankara.baskent.edu.trBackground: Weight misperception (WM) is common among adults, and it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Research has shown that various factors are associated with weight misperception. Turkish adult population data for weight misperception and related factors do not exist.Methodology: We conducted a face-to-face cross-sectional descriptive survey in the general internal medicine outpatient clinics of two academic centers. Perception was analyzed both verbally and visually. Misperception was defined for both verbal and visual scales as being thinner than reality misperceptions (TTRM), fatter than reality misperceptions (FTRM), or either of them (ETFTRM). Demographics, anthropometrics, and social determinants of health were analyzed in different misperception groups.Results: 250 patients participated in the study. The median (interquartile range) age was 55 (14), and the BMI was 28.2 (6.9) for females and 26.9 (4.4) for males. 81.2% had ETFTRM, 45.2% had TTRM, and 22.4% had FTRM. Age and BMI were higher in the ETFTRM and TTRM groups, while education level was lower in both. Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher age, higher BMI, and lower education levels were associated with higher TTRM.Discussion: WM is common among the Turkish adult population. Similar to the previous studies, aging, high BMI, and low education levels are associated with weight misperception. However, in contrast to previous studies, gender, marital status, and employment were not associated with weight misperception in our cohort.Keywords: weight perception, body mass index, educational status, obesity

Stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that can cause disability and death if not treated with appropriate treatment methods at the right time. In ischaemic stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment is effective in motor deficit recovery, especially in the first 4.5 hours. In this case study, rt-PA thrombolytic treatment of patients with motor deficit after acute ischaemic stroke aged 58 and 79 years was found to improve the loss of motor function.

Behavioral experiments have been conducted since the classical conditioning research of Ivan Pavlov in 1904. Experimental research plays an important role in understanding the mechanisms of diseases, preventing these diseases, and developing effective treatment methods. Research using animal models is very important to understand the mechanisms of these diseases and to develop effective treatment strategies. Animal models are widely used in the research of a treatment method, the development of novel treatment protocols, and the discovery of new drug molecules. The efficacy of the drug to be developed is very important both for testing whether the animal model is formed before starting the research and for the effectiveness of the drug in treatment and for the elucidation of the mechanisms to be investigated. Therefore, evaluations are usually made with behavioral experiments. Each behavioral experiment has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the researcher should be aware of these advantages and limitations before choosing the most appropriate behavioral experiment. This review aimed to describe the most commonly used learning, memory, anxiety, depression, and motor function behavioral experimental protocols in experimental models such as Alzheimer's, epilepsy, migraine, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, Parkinson's, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic brain injury.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of smoking on systemic and local oxidative stress markers in patients with periodontitis. Methods: A total of 72 patients with periodontitis [38 smokers (S +P+), 34 non-smokers (S-P+)] and 54 periodontally healthy individuals [28 smokers (S+P-), 26 non-smokers (S-P-, control)] were included. After clinical measurements and samplings, the cotinine level, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the serum and saliva were determined, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for multiple and pairwise comparisons. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. P

Introduction. Spinal angiolipomas are benign tumors composed of adipocytes and vascular elements. There is a limited number of cases involving pregnant patients in the literature. Mostly located in the thoracic region, these tumors are usually expected to be seen in the fifth decade. To the best of our knowledge, we present the youngest reported case of a pregnant patient with angiolipoma. Case Report. We present a case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our clinic with complaints of gait disturbance and numbness in her legs. Paraplegia, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and hypoesthesia up to the umbilicus level were the first findings. Electromyographic tests, including F-waves, were normal. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a thoracic spinal extradural tumor compressing the spinal cord posteriorly. Total tumor resection and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of angiolipoma. Postoperatively, the patient experienced rapid improvements in neurological deficits, with complete recovery in the following days. Conclusions. Spinal angiolipomas are very rare in pregnancy. At the time of initial admission, the symptoms and findings may mimic acute polyneuropathies and myelitis. Spinal MRI is essential to localize the lesion. Early angiolipoma removal may result in complete recovery and the procedure is safe and applicable even in the early postpartum period.

Objective:Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental effects on both physical and mental health of patients. Since sleep quality is closely related to the health status of a person, deterioration in sleep is expected in these patients. The aim of this study was to detect sleep problems in 19 consecutive inpatients and compare them with other inpatients with different diagnoses in order to determine whether being a pandemic patient makes a significant difference.Materials and Methods:Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index has a value between 0 and 21 points. High values indicate poor sleep quality and a high level of sleep disturbance. If the total score is above 5, it indicates that the sleep quality is clinically poor. The hospital anxiety depression scale is a self-report scale and consists of 14 items, 7 of which investigate depression and 7 anxiety symptoms.Results:Fifty one inpatients were included in this study as the control group (group 1). Fifty COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized in need of oxygen (group 3) and 50 COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized with no need for oxygen (group 2) were enrolled in the study. The oxygen need of patients was found to be significantly related to the presence of chronic diseases.Conclusion:Depression rates were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with the control group. Further studies with an increased number of cases are needed to establish a better link between oxygen need and sleep disorders.

Bu araştırmada 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıkları ile matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerileri arasındaki yordamsal ilişkileri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 310 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler Kızılkaya ve Aşkar (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Problem Çözmeye Yönelik Yansıtıcı Düşünme Becerisi” ölçeği ve Karatay (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri 2021-2022 yılı ikinci yarıyıl döneminde Ankara ili Sincan ilçesindeki ortaokullardan elde edilmiştir. 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin okumaya ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıklarının matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerini ne düzeyde yordadığını belirlemeyi amaçlayan araştırma sorusu kapsamında yordamsal araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. İki değişken arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi; okuma stratejileri bilişsel farkındalık ölçeğinin toplam puanının ve alt boyutlarının puanlarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerileri toplam puanını ne ölçüde yordadığını belirlemek için çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalıklarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerilerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı ve toplam varyansın %42’sini açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Regresyon katsayılarının anlamlılığına bakıldığında ise okuma stratejilerine ilişkin bilişsel farkındalığın alt boyutları olan planlama, düzenleme ve değerlendirme boyutlarının problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerisinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmada, okuma sürecinde gerçekleştirilen bilişsel süreçlerin öğrencilerin matematikte problem çözmeye yönelik yansıtıcı düşünme becerisini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Murat Özdede,1 Alper Tuna Güven,2 Damla Karadeniz Güven,3 Oğuz Abdullah Uyaroğlu,1 Mine Durusu Tanriover1 1Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 2Başkent University Adana Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 3Adana City Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Adana, TurkeyCorrespondence: Alper Tuna Güven, Başkent University Adana Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey, Tel +90 541 802 2135, Email alper.tuna.guven@gmail.comBackground: COVID-19 creates a hypercoagulable state with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Of those, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent, and numerous studies have highlighted the importance of VTE prophylaxis. Pre-pandemic VTE prophylaxis practices have already been poor, despite guidelines. We hypothesized that the gap between guidelines and practices might have been closed due to increased awareness.Materials and Methods: Non-COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the internal medicine ward of a university hospital between January 1st, 2021, and June 30th, 2021, were assessed. VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis requirements were assessed using the Padua Prediction Score (PPS). The results were compared with the findings of the study conducted in the same setting before the pandemic.Results: A total of 267 patients were included, and 81 patients (30.3%) received prophylaxis. A total of 128 patients’ (47.9%) PPS was ≥ 4, and 69 patients (53.9%) received prophylaxis; 12 low-risk patients (8.6%) received prophylaxis although it was not indicated. Compared to the pre-pandemic figures, both appropriate prophylaxis use and overuse rates have risen. While the increment rate of appropriate prophylaxis was statistically significant, the increment rate of overuse did not reach statistical significance. Patients hospitalized for infectious diseases and respiratory failure were more likely to receive appropriate prophylaxis.Conclusion: We have demonstrated a significant increase in appropriate pharmacologic prophylaxis rates among high-risk patients. Besides all the collateral damage the pandemic has created, it might also have brought collateral benefits with regards to VTE prophylaxis.Keywords: COVID-19, venous thromboembolism, risk assessment, quality of health care, quality improvement

Objective:The publication performance is an objective indicator for individuals and institutions as well as science policy and healthy implementation of the country. We revealed the quality of the publications and citations of current urologists in Turkiye.Materials and Methods:The publication and citation status of 1200 urologists working in Turkiye between the years 2016-2020 were included in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics of urologists like age, title, type of city, geographical region of the city, and type of hospital they work in and the number of publications, citations, indexed journal publications, and the first author publication status were examined in December 2020. The Social Security Instution database was used for sociodemographic characteristics of urologist; while PubMed and Google Scholar were used for information on publications.Results:The median age of the urologists was 44 (30-76) years. The median number of publications, index journal publication, the first author publication, and citations were 1 (0-68), 1 (0-66), 0 (0-24), and 1 (0-1025) for the years specified, respectively. The publication status was significantly higher in the groups the age range of 30 and 40 years, associate professors (odds ratio 44.61 and 35.97, respectively) (p

İslam düşünce tarihinin ilk oluşumlarından biri Hâricîlerdir. Onlar ilk olarak Sıffin’de tahkim hadisesi üzerine Hz. Ali’den ayrılmış daha sonra ise kendi aralarında ihtilaf ederek bölünmüşlerdir. Onların kimi kılıç kalkan taraftarı olup kendilerinden olmayanlara karşı son derece sert ve katı bir yolu benimserken, kimi de daha mutedil bir yaklaşım içerisinde olmuştur. Özellikle marjinal bir grup olarak maruf olmuş Hâricîlerin mutedil kanadını temsil eden İbâzîler varlıklarını günümüze kadar sürdürürken, mutedil olmayanlar zamanla tarihe karışmışlardır. İbâzîlik tarih boyunca Hâricîliğin gölgesinde azınlıkta bir mezhep olarak kalmakla beraber kendilerine has dinî ve entelektüel bir literatür oluşturmayı başarmış bir oluşumdur. Tarihi süreçte Hâricî-İbâzî bağlamında günümüze ulaşmış literatürün hemen tamamı İbâzîlere aittir. Ülkemizde özellikle son dönemlerde İbâzî literatüre dönük akademik bir ilgi söz konusudur. Bir literatürün incelenmesinde en öncelikli hususlardan biri ilgili alandaki terminolojidir. Zira lafızlar tutarlı bir sisteme sahip düşünce teşekküllerinin anlam örgüsüne girdiklerinde ilk vaz edildikleri anlamlardan uzaklaşarak farklı işlevsellikler kazanırlar. Müşterek kavramların düşünce ekolleri tarafından kendi entelektüel birikimlerinde farklı anlamlarda kullanılması ise mezkûr durumu daha da ehemmiyetli hale getirir. Binâenaleyh araştırma konusu yapılmış bir literatürün doğru mütalaa edilmesi ancak terminolojisinin kendi düşünce örgüsünde tanımlanıp anlaşılmasıyla mümkündür. Bu bağlamda İbâzîler kendi literatürlerini aynı zamanda kendilerine has bir terminolojiyle oluşturmuşlardır. Bu araştırmada, İbâzîlikle ilgili okumalarda sıkça tesadüf edilecek kavramların derlenip mümkün olduğunca kendi kaynakları doğrultusunda medlullerinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Burada özellikle araştırma konusu yapılan, mezhep müellifleri tarafından İbâzîlere has anlamlarla kullanılan kavramlardır. Çalışma, isminden de anlaşıldığı üzere, İbâzîlere ait bütün kavramları tespit etme gayesi gütmemiştir. Özellikle İbâzîlere has kullanım ve muhtevaları olan kavramların tespitine ağırlık verilmiştir. Tespit edilen kavramlar, Türkçe telaffuz ve kullanımları dikkate alınarak alfabetik sıraya konulmuştur. Ancak özellikle beraber kullanımı yaygınlaşmış ve muhtevaları birbiriyle ilişkili bazı kavramlar bir arada verilmiştir. Çalışma yürütülürken ulaşılan İbâzî eser ve sözlükler tarama yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiş ve gerekli görülen yerlerde mezhep dışı eserlere başvurularak karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Genel itibariyle iki ana bölümden müteşekkil olan çalışmanın giriş ve birinci bölümünde İbâzîlik ve ıstılah kavramı hakkında kısa bilgiler verilmiş; ikinci bölümde ise tespit edilen kavramlar üç gruba ayrılmış olarak maddeler halinde serdedilmiştir.

Hergün üzerinde dolaştığımız yerkürenin en ince ama yaşamsal kabuğu olan toprak söz konusu olduğunda, onun tarihinin insanlıktan daha eski olduğunu belirtmek gerekir. Nitekim bütün kutsal kitaplar, insanın özünün topraktan yaratıldığını beyan etmektedir. İnsanın topraktan yaratılması öz itibarıyla metafizik ve tarihsel bir olgu olsa da, canlı yaşamın sürdürelebilirliğinin toprakla mümkün olduğu ve gelecekte de bu vakıanın değişmeyeceği açık bir gerçektir. Bu gerçek, apaçık bir şekilde ortada olduğu halde insan merkezli gücün bu yaşamsal faktöre çoğu zaman hoyrat davrandığına sayısız örnek vermek mümkündür. Bu babta yapılan araştırmaların toprak konusunu “ekonomik” kıskaçtan bağımsız ele aldıklarını söylemek zordur. Özellikle günümüzdeki hemen bütün araştırmalar ve yatırım planlamaları iktisadî hesaplarla yapılmaktadır. İktisadî kaygılarla yapılan planlamaların hedefi doğal olarak ekonomik getiri olmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle fiyatı, pazarı ve alıcısı olmayan bir olgu “değer” ifade etmemiş olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada toprak, iktisadî bir meta değil bizatihi fiyat biçilemeyecek yaşamsal ve metafizik bir değer olarak mütalaa edilerek toprağın ehemmiyetine dikkat çekilmiştir.

İrade sahibi olmak her zaman beraberinde bir arayış ve devinimi gerektirmiştir. Bu durum hiçbir zaman söz konusu arayış sonucunda bulunan çözümlerin tamamının doğru olmasını gerektirmez. Dini litaratürde nakledilen rukye tarifleri bu durum için örnek verilebilir. Geçmişten bugüne insanın kendisini, sevdiklerini, sahip olduklarını korumak, hastalık gibi çeşitli afetlerden kurtulmak için başvurduğu yöntemlerden biri rukye olarak tesmiye edilen yöntemlerdir. Modern Çağ birçok alanda olduğu gibi sağlık konusunda da baş döndürücü gelişmelerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Tababetin zirve yaptığı modern zamanlarda dahi insan alternatif yollara başvurmayı, atalarından nakledile gelen asırlar öncesinden kalma tecrübî metotları ve birikimi tamamen terk etmemiştir. Zira insanın sahip olduğu irade meziyeti zorluklar karşısında sürekli farklı alternatiflerle çözüm bulmayı tetiklemiş, çözüm bulamadığında daha önce bayağı gördüğü seçenekleri bile değerlendirmiştir. Bu meyanda kimi zaman ilaçlar yapmış, kimi zaman efsunlu formüller hazırlamış, kimi zaman da din muhtevalı dua ve sözlere başvurmuştur. Belirli dönemlerde çözümlerin etkinlikleri değişse de insanın çözüm bulma saikiyle hiçbirini bırakmadığı malum bir husustur. Farklı isimlerle tesmiye edilen, bir tarafı nesilden nesile aktarılan insanî tecrübeye diğer tarafı dinî unsurlara dayanan, şifahî veya yazılı metinlerle nakledilen rukye tarifleri ise uygulama ve muhtevaları itibariyle kompleks bir yapı arz etmektedir. Zira rukye türü uygulamalarda insanî tecrübe, dini uygulama, örf ve âdet gibi unsurlar iç içe olmuştur. Bu uygulamalar kimi zaman usta-çırak ilişkisine benzer bir şekilde tecrübe aktarımıyla nesilden nesile şifahî olarak kimi zaman da yazılı olarak nakledilmiştir. Yazılı aktarımdaki önemli araçlardan biri dini metinler olmuştur. Özellikle hadis kaynaklarında sadece rukye ve benzeri tarifleri toplayan bölümler yer almaktadır. Ancak bu durum halk arasında maruf olan bütün rukye türlerinin doğru ve dinen uygulanabilir olduğunu göstermez. Zira söz konusu tariflerde dinî bir boyutun olması yahut dinî edebiyatta nakledilmesi bu tariflerin tamamının dine uygun olduğunu ifade etmez. Aynı şekilde dinin onaylamadığı tariflerin varlığı, mezkûr alanın tamamının reddedilmesine de gerekçe olamaz. Ayrıca rukye konusundaki tariflerin yaygınlığı farklı bölgelerdeki sosyal, kültürel ve geleneksel yapıyla ve milletlerin etkileşimde oldukları yakın bölgelerdeki etkenlerle yakından ilgili olmuştur. Milletler aynı uygulamaları kimi zaman olduğu gibi kimi zaman kültürlerine uygun değişikliklerle alabilmişlerdir. Bu araştırmada yakın dönemde yaşamış, İbâzî mezhebinde önemli bir şahsiyet olan Muhammed b. Yusuf Ettafeyyiş’in (öl. 1332-1914) tefsirle ilgili eserlerinde naklettiği havâssü’l-Kur’an türündeki bazı rukye tarifleri ele alınıp değerlendirilmiş ve bu alandaki malzemenin incelenmesine katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Özellikle rukye konusu “tıbb-ı nebevî” olarak ifade edilen ve Hz. Peygamber’in bu konudaki tavsiye ve uygulamalarını içeren bir literatür ekseninde müstakil eserlerde ele alınmıştır. Bu araştırmanın rukye çerçevesi ise Ettafeyyiş’in tefsirleriyle sınırlı tutulmuştur. Ayrıca terminolojik olarak rukye, çeşitli kötülüklerden korunmak, hastalık veya benzer sıkıntılardan kurtulmak için yapılan farklı formdaki dua ve nefes vermelerin bir çeşidini ifade etse de bu çalışmada mezkûr kavram ilgili alanın tamamına teşmil edilerek kullanılmıştır. Çünkü farklı tesmiyelerin kullanımında zaman, mekân, örf, muhteva, lehçe gibi yerel unsurların etkinliği söz konusu olabilmektedir.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of postoperative early mobilization in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) and ileal conduit in terms of the healing process and quality of life (QoL).Materials and Methods:This multicenter prospective randomized controlled study included 40 patients who were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group was mobilized within the first 16 h postoperatively following the mobilization procedure, which was determined according to the literature. Data were collected using the case report form, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) QoL scale.Results:Postoperative hospitalization, narcotic analgesic administration duration, first oral food intake, flatus, defecation, and nasogastric tube termination time were shorter in the intervention group. Additionally, blood glucose and pulse values were higher in the control group after mobilization. SF-36 physical function, physical role difficulty, and general perception of health subscales were higher in the intervention group at the postoperative first and third months (p

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among pre-service science teachers' global scientific literacy and various variables within the scope of the structural equation model. Since the relations among the variables were investigated in the structural model established for this study, correlational research methodology was applied. The application was carried out with 294 pre-service teachers studying in the departments of chemistry, physics, biology and elementary science education of a state university. The data of the study were obtained with the scales of global scientific literacy, the perception of science process skills, the inquiry skills, the self-directed learning readiness in laboratory, the attitude scale towards the laboratory and the personal information questionnaire. Within the framework of structural equation modeling, the causal and relational analyses of the data were examined. The results showed that the proposed model of the relationship among global scientific literacy and the variables predicting global scientific literacy was also found to be compatible with the data, and the entire model was confirmed except for the attitude towards the laboratory. In this context, it can be claimed that these variables play an essential role in pre-service teachers' being global scientifically literate.

Kur’ân ve Sünnet asırlardan beri Müslümanlar için birbirinden ayrılmaz temel iki başvuru kaynağı olmuştur. İlk dönemlerdeki münferit bazı yaklaşımlar bir tarafa, yakın döneme kadar İslâm toplumu her iki kaynağı beraber değerlendirmiş, dinin varlığını bu iki kaynak üzerinden okumuştur. Bu değerlendirme Kur’ân ve Sünnet’e konum tayin etmekten daha çok dindeki fonksiyonlarıyla ilgili olarak anlama ve yaşamaya râcidir. Farklı açılardan ele alınmış olsa dahi hemen hiçbir İslâm âlimi bu iki temel kaynağı birbirinden ayırmamıştır. Zira İslâm, Kur’ân ve Sünnet birlikteliğinin anlama ve yaşama dönüşmüş halidir. Eğitim gibi çeşitli gerekçelerle dinin kaynaklarına dönük sınıflandırmalar anla(t)maya ve yaşanabilirliğe matuftur. Yakın dönemde ise Kur’ân’la yetinme ve sünnet’i ışarda bırakma teşebbüsleri yaşanmıştır. Kur’ân ve Sünnet’i birbirinden ayırmak mümkün müdür? Sünneti dışarda bırakan anlayışlarla Kur’ân doğru anlaşılabilir mi? Sünnet olmadan dinin yaşanması mümkün müdür? Sadece Kur’ân’a dayanan anlayışlar din olarak tesmiye edilebilir mi? Bu araştırmada mezkûr sorular, teolojik zeminden kopmadan gerekçeli cevaplarla irdelenmiştir. Araştırmanın kapsamı özellikle sünnetin gerekliliğine ve dindeki fonksiyonuna işaret eden, Kur’ân-Sünnet bütünlüğüyle ilişkili âyetlerle sınırlı tutulmuş, sünnetin vahiy boyutuna, bu konudaki delillere ve örneklere sadece atıflar yapılmıştır.

Alper Tuna Güven Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Alper Tuna Güven, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Taşkent Caddesi (Eski 1. Cadde) 77. Sokak (Eski 16. Sokak) No: 11 06490 Bahçelievler, Ankara, Turkey, Email alper.tuna.guven@gmail.com

Is children's literature only beneficial to children? Or do the benefits of children's literature also extend to the knowledge and mathematical skills of the teachers who employ it and reflect on it? This study seeks to investigate the role of picturebooks on the mathematical knowledge of preschool teacher candidates. For this purpose, in-depth examinations of how picturebooks can be used in teaching preschool mathematics and children's literature. As well as the changes in the content knowledge of the teacher candidates, were done by conducting focus group interviews with teacher candidates. This is a qualitative case study consisting of focus group discussions in which high-level knowledge sharing and production can be achieved through interaction and associations. In the research, 11 picturebooks were discussed, and 8 teacher candidates participated in 6 focus group interviews lasting a total of 338 min throughout a 7 week period. The study's findings have demonstrated that through children's literature, teacher candidates' misconceptions about measuring length can be revealed and eliminated without the need for another source, with discussions based on consciously and systematically selected picturebooks. Thus, it can be said that picturebooks act as a catalyst for the studies that aim to enhance the mathematical content knowledge of teacher candidates. The study has also observed that picturebooks can comprehensively address the fundamental concepts of length measurement.

Alper Tuna Güven,1 Murat Özdede2 1Başkent University Adana Hospitals, Department of Internal Medicine, Adana, Turkey; 2Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Alper Tuna Güven, Email alper.tuna.guven@gmail.com

Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i anlamadan okumanın bir sevabı var mıdır? Bu, günümüzde yapılan akademik tartışmalardan biridir. Kur’ân okuma, onu anlamaya çalışma, onun öğretilerinin gereğini yapma gibi meşguliyetler değerli birer ibadettir. İbadetler Allah için yapılır. Bu yüzden ibadetin iç yüzünü anlamak şart koşulmamıştır. İman ve samimiyetle yaklaşılırsa Kur’ân’ı okuma ve anlama işi, uğraşanları için mükâfat kaynağı olur. Kur’ân ve sünnette Kur’ân okumanın bir mükâfat sebebi olduğuna dair birçok delil mevcuttur. Kur’ân okurken aynı zamanda onu anlamak arzu edilen bir durumdur. Fakat herkesin bunu gerçekleştirmesi mümkün değildir. Anlayarak okumak teşvik edilen ideal bir okuma olup bunun mükâfatı elbette daha fazladır. Okuduğu Kur’ân metnini anlamamak ise mükâfatı yok etmez. Dolayısıyla Kur’ân okuma ibadeti ile onu anlama ve gereğini yapma ayrı değerlendirilecek amellerdir. Bir kişi anlamını anlamış olsun ya da olmasın onu okuduğu için ecir kazanır. Bu araştırmada Kur’ân’da okuma ile ilgili olan kıraat, tilâvet ve tertîl kavramları incelenerek, Kur’ân metnini anlamadan onu okumanın sevap olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır.

Objective: The correct and rapid classification of the ischemic stroke subtype enables the determination of the proper treatment and a better prognosis. In this study, we investigated the association of ischemic stroke subtypes with early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion patterns. Materials and Methods: Three hundred forty-three consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively evaluated. The ischemic stroke subtype for each patient was determined according to “Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment Classification”. The lesion patterns in diffusion-weighted MRI in the first 24 hours of stroke were classified as single lesions, diffuse scattered lesions limited to one vascular area, and multiple territory lesions. The relationship between the diffusion-weighted MRI lesion patterns and ischemic stroke subtypes was investigated using the chi-square test. Results: The diffusion-weighted MRI lesion patterns showed significant differences among the ischemic stroke subtypes. Multiple territory lesions were more frequent in the cardioembolic and other determined causes groups compared with the large artery atherosclerosis group. Diffuse scattered lesions limited to one vascular area were more frequent in the large artery atherosclerosis, the unknown cause and the other determined causes groups than the others (p

Background: Histopathological features after radical prostatectomy (RP) provide important information for the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The possible correlations between Prostate-Imaging Reporting and Data Scoring System (PIRADS) scores in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) may also be predictive for prognosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation of PIRADS scores with histopathological data. Methods: A total of 177 patients who underwent preoperative mpMRI and RP for PCa from eight institutions were included in the study. Correlation of PIRADS score in preoperative mpMRI with adverse histopathological factors in RP specimen was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The relationship between PIRADS score and postoperative extracapsular extension, lymphovascular invasion, and seminal vesicle involvement was significant (P

Genel kabule göre insanın yaşadığı tarih İlk Çağ, Orta Çağ, Yeni Çağ ve Yakın Çağ olarak tesmiye edilmektedir. İsimlerle ve değişimi tetikleyen olgularla ilgili farklılıklar olsa da insanlığın ekseriyetini etkileyen yazının icadı, kavimler göçü, Bizans’ın yıkılışı ve İstanbul’un fethi, sanayi devrimi gibi vakıaların etkin olduğu müsellemdir. Uzun zaman aralıklarıyla yaşanan büyük ve etkili olgular bir ayırım olarak benimsenmiş ve tarih çeşitli dönemlere bölünerek incelenmiştir. Bugün bilim adamları yaşadığımız çağla ilgili “Makina Çağı, İnternet Çağı, Bilim Çağı, Bilgisayar Çağı, Uzay Çağı” gibi birçok isim teklif etmekte ancak herhangi bir isim üzerinde ittifak etmemektedirler. Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi’yle başlayan makinalaşma, onu takip eden otomasyon ve bugün hız kesmeden ilerleyen dijital yapay zekâ sistemleriyle tanışan bu çağ, her gün baş döndürücü gelişmeler yaşamaktadır. İnsanlığın tanıştığı hız, yaşadığı çağa bir isim vermeye engel olmaktadır. Çünkü yaşanan gelişme ve olgularla ilgili yeterli bir mütalaa yapmaya fırsat kalmadan yenileri yaşanmakta ve bu döngü sürekli deveran etmektedir. Modern çağ, duyuş, düşünüş ve algılarımızı bir sihirbazın yaşattığı yanılsamadan daha çok etkilemektedir. Bu etkinlik içsel ve ruhsal bir derinlikten değil dikkatimizi ve düşüncelerimizi dağıtarak başarılı olmaktadır. Yaşadığımız çağda insan ruhunu kemiren, aşkın değerleri tüketen, insanı yalnızlaştıran hatta metalaştıran birçok faaliyetin yaşattığı geçici hazlar, insanı onun hayrına olanlardan uzaklaştırmakta ve onu anlam veremediği sayısız kargaşa ve huzursuzluğa sürüklemektedir. Bugün sahip olunan nicelikler insanın nitel alana olan ihtiyaçlarını ya da nitel öğeleri hayatından çıkarmış olmanın boşluğunu doldurmaya yetmemiştir. Bu boşluğun daha çok nicel olanla telafiye çalışılması sadece bir yanılsama olup, bugün insanı nereye varacağını kestiremediği canhıraş bir koşuşturmanın içine atmıştır. Hâlbuki insanın koşuşturmaya olduğu kadar durup biraz sakinleşmeye, nicel varlılara gereksinim duyduğu kadar nitel olana da ihtiyacı vardır. Kur’an birçok nimeti insan için sekîne kavramının türevleriyle ifade etmektedir. Savaşın en çetin zamanlarında müminlerin kalpleri, inen sekîne ile teskin olmuştur. Bunun dışında eş, gece, mesken, peygamberin duası gibi unsurlar insanın sığınacağı ve kendileriyle sükûn bulacağı varlıklar olarak zikredilmiştir. Hz. Peygamber çeşitli ameller sebebiyle müminlere sekîne ineceğini haber vermiştir. Kur’an ve hadis metinlerinde sıkça kullanılan “s-k-n” kökü ve türevlerinin lügavî olarak ilk ifade ettiği anlam soyut veya somut bir ayırım olmasızın ‘sükûn’dur. Sükûn dışındaki anlamlar ilgili metinlerin bağlamından ve nakledilen rivayetlerden elde edilmektedir. Özellikle “s-k-n” kökünün “sekîne” formunun kullanıldığı metinler hem somut hem de soyut bir gerçeklik olarak tevil edilmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır. Sekînenin ne olduğuna dair sahih bir delilin olmaması yapılan yaklaşımları “tevil” olmanın ötesine taşımamaktadır. Ancak şurası bir gerçek ki ister somut ister soyut bir varlık olarak kabul edilsin her iki durumda da kavramın râci olduğu sonuç aynıdır: O da Allah’ın, müminlere karşılaştıkları birtakım zorlu çıkmazlarda ruhsal bir dinginlik, kalbi bir itminan ve içsel bir güven lütfederek onları teskin etmesidir. Dolayısıyla sekîne kavramı her halükarda lügavi anlamına paralel bir anlam taşımaktadır. Bugün “ne olduğunu” sorma fırsatına dahi mahal bırakmayan, nerede duracağı belli olmayan, bireysel ve toplumsal değerleri aşındıran, varacağı hedefi bilmeden insanı büyük bir telaş, kaygı, gerilim ve süratle koşuşturan gelişmeler insan olgusunu nereye savurmaktadır? “Her şeyin zıttıyla kaim olduğu” ilkesiyle bakıldığında insanın ve varlığın ihtiyaç duyacağı fenomenler sadece hız, hareket, gelişme, ilerleme, büyüme ve hükmetme midir? Fiziki kısıtlamaları her gün bertaraf eden insan, sürekli boğuştuğu koşuşturmaca, telaş, korku, kaygı gibi olgularla kendi içsel dinginliğinden, ruhsal huzurundan ve çoğu zaman aradığı sakinlikten uzaklaşmıyor mu? Kur’an, insanın boğuşmak zorunda kaldığı birçok olumsuz durum, korku, kaygı ve gerilim karşısında Allah’ın inananların kalplerine “sekînet” indirdiğini ve çeşitli vesilelerle onları teskin ettiğini haber vermektedir. Bu araştırmada bir tür sükûnu ifade eden “sekînet” kavramı, çağın kaotik ve dinamik durumuyla ilişkilendirilerek semantik bir analizle ele alınmıştır.

The primary aims of environmental education and courses at universities are for students to develop an environmental mentality and to be able to apply that mindset to solving real-world issues. In this study, pre-service elementary students participated in active learning environments through creating educational radio program activities by researching scientific information on seven topics: water, air soil, global warming, population, green chemistry and artificial intelligence. Presentations of their radio programs were followed by construction of mind maps to exhibit knowledge of the environmental concepts they had learned. This approach demonstrated useful knowledge for future classroom applications for teaching about environmental issues. Mind maps were used to help university students establish patterns between concepts and thoughts, understand cause-effect relationships, and organize and systematize their complex knowledge about environmental issues. A case study design was implemented. Participants were second-year students enrolled in a public university's Elementary Teaching Program in Izmir, Turkey. Results indicated that the incorporation of educational radio activities with mind maps to consider the most prominent environmental education issues and their alternative solutions raised students' awareness of how lesser-known issues are related to the environment. Students concentrated on a cognitive and affective process; learning to look at multidimensional environmental issues from many viewpoints by adding new concepts to those they previously knew.

The metazoan parasites were investigated of two flatfish the common sole, Solea solea (n:140) and the scaldfish, Arnoglossus laterna (n: 22) in the Sinop coast of Black Sea from June 2015 to June 2017. A total of 15 metazoan parasite species belonging to Digenea (6), Cestoda (3), Acanthocephala (1), Nematoda (4) and Isopoda (1) taxonomic groups were identified. Solea solea was found to be infected by Condylocotyla pilodora, Proctoeces maculatus, Opecoelidae gen. sp., Metadena sp., Stephanostomum sp., Progrillotia sp., Capillaria gracilis, Cucullanus campanae, Solearhynchus rhytidotes and Nerocila orbignyi. Arnoglossus laterna was found to be infected by Lecithochirium musculus and Grillotia erinaceus. Scolex pleuronectis, Hysterothylacium aduncum and Dichelyne minutus were determined in both flatfish. Infection prevalence and mean intensity values were re- corded for each parasite species. Infection values for each parasite species in relation to season and fish size were also determined and compared as comparatively. This study is the first one assessing the metazoan parasites both of S. solea and A. laterna collected from the Turkish coast of Black Sea. While Condylocotyle pilodora and Capillaria gracilis are new parasite records for S. solea, Grillotia erinecaus is new parasite record for A. laterna. Moreover, this paper is the first report on occurrence of Opecoelidae gen. sp., Metadena and Stephanostomum genera in S. solea.

Textbooks are among the most important means of education in terms of instilling leadership skills in students. The characters presented as models in the textbooks play an important part in building up such leadership skills with the help of quotes from such characters, texts written with reference to them, and the activities developed accordingly. Thanks to his leadership qualities, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is one such character who continues to provide guidance even after a century. As a model for the students, he arguably plays a role in helping them develop leadership skills. Therefore, it is important to analyze his description in the textbook from a scientific perspective. Against this background, this study presents an analysis of the 8th grade textbook for "The History of Turkish Revolution and Kemalism" course used in the academic year 2021-2022, with reference to Ataturk's leadership traits and the types of leadership deemed important in the 21st century (strategic, authentic, charismatic, servant, transformative, transactional, etc.). The data gathered through document review was then subjected to descriptive analysis. The analysis led to the conclusion that the text represented Ataturk's leadership traits in tune with the types of leadership prevailing in the 21st century. It is also understood that Ataturk's strategic, visionary, transformative, charismatic, entrepreneurial, and creative leadership skills were more prominent in the text. [Paper presented at the Social Studies Education Symposium (Turkey, Jun 9-11, 2023).]

This study aims to examine the unique educational films prepared by science teacher candidates about biotechnology applications and getting their perceptions on the process/the educational films they have prepared. The phenomenology method was used. The study group consists of 30 sophomore teacher candidates. Teacher candidates prepared educational films. Then, the perceptions of the teacher candidates about this process were taken. According to the results of the study educational movies were prepared by teacher candidates by way of their writings about stem cells, genetically modified organisms, nanotechnology and cloning. The educational films focused on the positive and negative aspects of these biotechnology subjects, on the basis of daily life scenarios. Even though the short movies contained both negative and positive references, they mostly had a positive note.

In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the views and suggestions of communication faculty academics about how they behaved against digital violence. The data were analyzed qualitatively by inductive technique. According to the results obtained in the research, the majority of the participants stated that they encountered harassment on social networking sites, and the desire to communicate with fake social media accounts caused the participants to worry. On the other hand, participants who faced threats from social media found a solution by complaining about individuals who used digital violence on the sharing site. Participants who faced digital violence tried to prevent digital violence by taking legal action. In cases of encountering digital violence on social media, they filed a criminal complaint with the police department and stated that a new legal department should be opened by the participants and emphasized that the digital violence unit should be opened in order to prevent digital violence. According to the results obtained in the research, the majority of the participants stated that they encountered harassment on social networking sites, and the desire to communicate with fake social media accounts caused the participants to worry. On the other hand, the participants, who faced threats from social media, found a solution by complaining about individuals who used digital violence on the sharing site. Another result obtained from the research is that the participants who encountered digital violence tried to prevent digital violence by resorting to legal means. He made a criminal complaint to the police department about the situations of encountering digital violence on social media and stated that the participants should open a new legal department and emphasized that the digital violence unit should be opened in order to prevent digital violence of the participants.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. They are mostly benign, however, malignant tumors with aggressive behavior and distant metastasis can also occur. The standard treatment is surgical excision. Here, we report a case of a 25-year-old male with a 4 cm-mass located in the inferior pole of the left kidney, treated by surgical excision.

Aim of this study is to compare the effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for stage I renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on renal functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hypertension (HT). Charts of patients who underwent surgery for stage I RCC in our department were retrospectively reviewed and patients with DM and/or HT were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulation for both RN and PN groups. Groups were compared for patient demographics, preoperative eGFR, postoperative eGFR and ΔeGFR [(preoperative eGFR) – (postoperative eGFR)] which reflects the renal functional loss. There were 85 patients in the RN and 33 patients in the PN groups. Demographic data were similar but the patients in the PN group had smaller tumor size compared to RN group (32.2 ± 11.8 mm vs 47.1 ± 15.2 mm, p

This study investigated the effect of testosterone antibodies and a combination of vitamin A and E on reproductive performance and lipid peroxidation in Tuj sheep during the oestrus period. Two castrated Tuj rams were used to produce an ovine testosterone antibody. To perform the experiment, 30 clinically healthy adult Tuj sheep were divided into three groups, in each group had 10 sheep. The Control group were given a placebo, Group I was injected with the testosterone antibody alone and Group II was injected with testosterone antibody plus a combination of vitamins A and E in Freund"s incomplete adjuvant. The testosterone antibody and vitamin combination were administered at synchronization and 1 week before synchronization. To synchronize the sheep, 2.5 ml GnRH was injected to sheep in Control, Group I and Group II. Control, Group I and II were subsequently given 600 IU PMSG with 2 ml PGF2α at 5th day of synchronization. Progesterone levels were higher in the two treatment groups than in the control group as pregnancy progressed. Plasma malondialdehyde levels were higher during initial drug application and prior to mating but were lower in the experimental groups than in control during pregnancy and after parturition. Erythrocyte glutathione levels remained significantly higher in experimental groups than in Control during pregnancy. The number of offspring and the lambing rates in Group I and Group II was higher than the Control. There were no stillbirths in Group I. The number of nonpregnant sheep was lowest in Group II. In summary, injections of testosterone antibody and a combination of vitamins A and E led to an increased incidence of multiple pregnancies in sheep and a greater number of lambs were born. These data indicate that the immunoneutralization of testosterone combined with a reduction in free radicals via the antioxidant activities of vitamins led to increased rates of conception and twinning. Also, it is thought that to allow the growth of the herd in a shorter time, testosterone antibody and combination of vitamins A and E can be applied.

This report presents the clinical results of peri-implant plastic surgical approaches for hard and soft tissues before and during the implant placement in a patient with vertical ridge deformation and a shallow vestibule sulcus, and the subsequently performed prosthetic rehabilitation. The surgical approaches used in this case reduced the crown-height space and crown-to-implant ratio and ensured that the implants were placed in their ideal positions, and peri-implant tissue health was maintained. In conclusion, developments in the peri-implant plastic surgery enable the successful augmentation of hard and soft tissue defects and provide the implant-supported fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.

In many countries, individuals have started to gain 21stcentury skills from an early age. In Turkey, the education of gifted students is supported with activities enriched in parallel with these skills in science and art centers. The LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set reinforces achievements with hands-on activities in science subjects, while also improving 21st-century skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration. At this point, this study aims to examine the effect of the LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set on the 21st-century skills of gifted students in the teaching of the 'Force and Motion' unit and to determine the students' views on the teaching process. The study was carried out in a science and art center in Konya in the spring term of the 2021-2022 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 21 gifted students studying in Support-2 programmes (4th grade). An explanatory sequential design was preferred in the study. In the quantitative data collection phase of the study, a one-group pre-test/post-test experimental design was used. Interviews were used for the qualitative data collection phase. The quantitative data of the research were analyzed with the SPSS 26 statistical package program. Qualitative data were categorized according to themes and codes in accordance with content analysis. The results of the research showed that the LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set was effective for 21st-century learning and the renewal of the skills of the gifted students participating in the research and that the students developed positive opinions about this education set. It is recommended to use LEGO® training sets to develop the 21st-century skills of gifted students.

This study aims to investigate the influence of teaching via educational films on science teacher candidates' perceptions of biotechnology applications. This is a mixed-methods study aiming to investigate the influence of teaching with educational films on science teacher candidates' perceptions of biotechnology applications. In the quantitative data collection process of the research, a single group pre-test / post-test experimental design was used. And the phenomenology method was used, on the other hand, to collect the qualitative data of the study. For this research, which aims to investigate the influence of teaching with educational films on science teacher candidates' perceptions of biotechnology applications, 32 second-year science teacher candidates at a state university in Ankara were recruited. Two data collection tools were used in the study. The perception scale for biotechnology applications developed by the researchers was used to collect the quantitative data of the study. While the interview form was used to collect the qualitative data of the study. According to the results the study found that teaching with educational films increased the perceptions of science teacher candidates about biotechnology applications. within the scope of the research, the question of whether teaching a lesson with educational films has an effect on changing their perceptions about the subject, and if so, how this change occurs, was asked during the interview stage, and it was found that the majority of the teacher candidates perceived a meaningful change. [The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year is 2023.]