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Background: Acne scars lead to social and psychological problems for patients, and they should be treated effectively. Ablative and nonablative lasers have been used for the treatment of acne scars in recent years. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectivity of combined FCL and FmRF treatment for acne scars retrospectively. Methods: A total of 72 patients with acne scars who received FCL + FmRF treatment between 2014 and 2016 were included in this study. Photographs of patients before treatment and 1 month following the last treatment session were scored by two blinded researchers, according to the ECCA acne scar scoring method. Patients were contacted via telephone after 1 month following the last treatment and asked to evaluate their satisfaction with the treatment outcome using a 5‐point Likert‐type scale. Results: A significant decrease was noted in ECCA scores after the treatment along with temporary side effects. Change from pretreatment scores was significantly higher in patients very satisfied vs satisfied with treatment. The number of treatment sessions was positively correlated with treatment‐related change in ECCA scores. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings revealed association of FCL + FmRF treatment with significantly improved ECCA scores, mild pain experience, and low rate of side effects in patients with acne scars, despite usage of high‐energy FLC dose and five sessions of treatment on average. More remarkable improvement in ECCA scores during treatment seems to be associated with higher patient satisfaction and to be more likely in patients with darker skin types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal filler injections are most popular among the antiaging procedures. Hyaluronic acid fillers are the most used fillers in the world. Although hyaluronic acid fillers are generally regarded as safe, complications are likely to occur, and their number may rise as the numbers of indications and procedures increase and treatment protocols evolve, including the use of larger volumes and layering techniques, new classes of products, and long-term repeated treatment. These complications range from localized bruising, erythema, edema, migration, allergic reactions, lumps and bumps, to more serious sequelae, such as permanent visual loss. Thus, a thorough understanding of the preventative and management strategies for the associated dermal filler complications is very important for the best patient care. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the early-onset complications of filler injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among cosmetic surgical procedures, non-invasive options have gained popularity compared to surgical liposuction for the frequently performed body sculpting in recent years. There are different options among the non-invasive body sculpting methods. The various published studies in the literature show that cryolipolysis is effective and reliable and the effect can last for long periods of time without creating permanent side effects. Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive body sculpting option suitable for patients with mild to moderate deformities in a localized area whose body weight is near to the ideal weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The periorbital areas are often the first facial areas to show visible signs of aging. Consequently, there is a high patient demand for periorbital rejuvenation. Aging of periorbital region is a physiologic, gene-dependent process caused by several factors, including thinning of the epidermis and changes in collagen and elastic fibres, and including changes in tissue volume resulting from soft-tissue atrophy and bone loss. Therapeutic approaches in this region are not easy because, the anatomical structures are delicate and adverse events can occur. This article will focus on the minimally invasive procedures of the periorbital rejuvenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endothelial selectine molecules (ESMs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of Behçet’s disease (BD). 25(OH)D deficiency may be associated with endothelial and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the 25(OH)D level, and ESMs and TLRs in BD patients. Patients and methods: BD patients were classified as 25(OH)D deficient (Group 1) and sufficient (Group 2) groups. Vitamin D replacement therapy was given to Group 1, after the last replacement dose blood was again collected. ESMs and TLRs levels were evaluated and compared both between Group 1 and Group 2, and pre- and post-treatment measurements of Group 1.Results: The baseline plasma levels of ESMs were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There were not any significant differences in baseline TLRs levels between Group 1 and Group 2. The mean plasma levels of ESMs were significantly lower in post-replacement assessments (p < 0.05). The mean plasma levels of TLRs were lower in post-replacement assessments, but not significantly (p > 0.05). The active stage disease rate was higher in pre-treatment group (36.3%) than post-treatment group (34.6%), but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Although vitamin D replacement in 25(OH)D deficient BD patients may have some beneficial effects on vascular dysfunction, it cannot be considered the primary treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Striae distensae or stretch marks are atrophic linear dermal scars with epidermal atrophy. There are many therapeutic options for management, but no consistently effective modality is available yet. Objective: We compared the efficacy of 1064 nm long pulse (LP) Nd: YAG laser and 2940 nm variable square pulse (VSP) erbium: YAG laser in the treatment of striae distensae. Methods: Twenty female volunteers (Fitzpatrick skin types II-V) aged between 20 and 40 years with striae (3 patients with the rubra type and 17 with the alba type) were enrolled in the study. The duration of striae ranged from 4 months to 12 years. Lesions were located on the abdomen in all patients except one patient who had striae on the arms and two patients with striae in the lumbar region. Treatments were randomly allocated to both sides of the body in each patient, one side being treated with VSP erbium: YAG laser and the opposite side with LP Nd: YAG laser. All subjects were treated monthly for a total of three treatments. Two 3-mm punch biopsies were obtained from six subjects, both of the same striae, one before the first treatment and one 4 weeks after the last session. Results: Response was evaluated clinically by photographic comparison and was found to be poor in 17 subjects, both on the LP Nd: YAG laser treated side and VSP erbium YAG laser treated side. All these patients had mature lesions (striae distensae alba). Three subjects had a moderate response on both sides; these patients' striae were immature (striae distensae rubra). Histologically, elastic fibers were slightly increased in post-treatment samples compared with pretreatment skin biopsies. Conclusion: We observed no satisfactory clinical improvement in striae distensae alba lesions although histopathological changes were seen. We suggest that variable square pulse Er: YAG and long pulse Nd: YAG lasers are not useful in the treatment of striae distensae alba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is characterized by soft, yellow plaques on the upper or lower eyelids that create aesthetic problems for patients. There are several methods in the treatment of XP, such as surgical excision, blepharoplasty, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, chemical cauterization using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or bichloroacetic acid and laser ablation. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and complications of 70% TCA application versus erbium: YAG laser ablation in different XP lesions on the same patient. Methods: A total of 21 patients were taken into the study-1 male and 20 females, from ages 22 to 70 years. Erbium: YAG laser ablation and 70% TCA application were performed in different XP lesions of the same patient. All patients were photographed before initiating treatment and after 4 weeks using the same digital camera. Evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the first treatment session by comparing pre-treatment and post-treatment photographs by two independent dermatologists. Results: No significant difference of the improvement scores between the erbium laser and TCA was found ( p = 0.248). No significant difference between the complication scores using erbium laser and TCA was found ( p = 0.739). Conclusions: Both 70% TCA application and erbium: YAG laser ablation methods have similar effectiveness and complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair loss often significant impact on quality of life, including loss of self-confidence and self-esteem. However, treatment of hair loss is frustrating for both patients and doctors. Mesotherapy and platelet-rich plasma have recently become advertised method for the treatment of different types of alopecia. The efficacy of these methods in hair loss is controversial in view of lack of documented evidence. It was reviewed the data about the efficacy, safety and treatment protocols of mesotherapy and platelet-rich plasma in patients with hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Dermoscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. Newly, this method has also been used in the diagnosis and follow-up of hair and scalp disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate dermoscopic findings in a sample of patients diagnosed with cicatricial alopecia based on clinical and histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine patients with cicatricial alopecia diagnosed according to the clinical and histological findings were examined by dermoscopy. Results: Dermoscopic features were evaluated in 8 patients with folliculitis decalvans, -7 with pseudopelade of Brocq, -6 with lichen planopilaris, -2 with discoid lupus erythematosus, -1 with dissecting cellulitis, and in 5 patients with secondary cicatricial alopecia. The structures previously examined with naked eye were evaluated by dermoscopy in more detail. Loss of follicular orifices was seen in all patients with cicatricial alopecia. Perifollicular scaling, arborizing red lines, honeycomb pigment pattern, white dots and tufted hairs were the other most obvious findings. Conclusion: The use of dermoscopy in the clinical evaluation of cicatricial alopecia improves diagnostic capability beyond simple clinical inspection. Larger studies correlating dermoscopic findings with histopathology examinations are necessary to improve our understanding of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the face. There is no curative treatment for the disease. Facial flushing and vascular lesions due to rosacea may significantly affect a patient's quality of life. Topical and oral antibiotics are not effective for treating rosacea. Currently, laser treatment of vascular lesions has been reported in the literature. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of long-pulse 1064-nm neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) laser in the treatment of vascular lesions (erythema and telangiectasia) in rosacea patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients (29 women, 10 men) with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) were recruited into the study. Severity of the disease (ETR-score: 0-3) was assessed for all patients. We used long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser for vascular lesions at 3-4 weeks intervals. The face was divided into seven anatomic regions for evaluation. Assessment was made by comparing pretreatment and posttreatment photographs by using ETR-scores. For evaluating patient satisfaction, a scale of 0 to 3 was used. Results: The patients were divided into three groups according to the ETR scores [ETR-1 (n=12), ETR-2 (n=9), ETR-3 (n=18)]. Following an average of 3.95 (2-8 sessions) laser treatments, the clinical improvement was statistically significant in all groups (p<0.05). The mean reduction of ETR-score was 91.70% in patients with ETR-1 and. the clinical improvement was to be decreased in severe forms of ETR. The most common sites for the lesions were the malar region, ala nasi and the nasal dorsum, respectively. The lesions on the ala nasi were more recalcitrant to the treatment than those on the other areas. Regarding to physician assessment of treatment's success, 97% of the patients was associated with moderate and excellent improvement. According to physicians' assessment, excellent improvement was noticed in 43.58% and, 61.5% of patients reported a high degree of satisfaction with this therapy. Only one patient developed hypopigmented atrophic scar as a complication. Discussion: Long-pulse Nd: YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment for vascular lesions in patients with rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Dermatology & Venerology / Turkderm is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oral mucosal pigmented lesions are quite common. Oral pigmentation can be physiological or pathological, and exogenous or endogenous. Such lesions may be a manifestation of systemic diseases. Evaluation of a patient with oral pigmentation requires a systematic approach with source to appropriate investigations. A detailed clinical examination, family history and drug ingestion are very important assessment. The algorithm for these diseases are useful to manage the various pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. This review has been focused on the common causes of oral benign pigmented lesions, the differential diagnosis and therapy modalities for oral pigmentation. (Turk derm 2012; 46 Suppl 2: 66-71) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Dermatology & Venerology / Turkderm is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The relationship between systemic diseases and obesity is well-known, but the dermatological effects of obesity are ignored. In the literature, a few articles have appeared concerning the skin findings related to obesity. Our objective was to evaluate the skin findings in obese patients who applied to dermatology outpatient clinic and to compare obese and non-obese outpatients. Material and Method: A total 640 patients (300-in study group, 340-in control group) were included in the study. All subjects were asked questions about socio-demographic features and presence of coexisting systemic diseases. Body mass index was calculated, dermatologic examination was performed, and diagnosis was recorded. Data were evaluated statistically. Results: Three-hundred obese patients (study group; 229 females, 71 males, mean age: 45.89 years) and 340 non-obese outpatients (control group; 160 females, 180 males, mean age: 38.99 years) were included in our study. There were more females in the study group and the mean age was higher than the control group. Most common skin findings of obese patients were: Skin tag (53.3%), plantar hyperkeratosis (29.6%), fungal infections (25.3%), striae (20.3%) and acanthosis nigricans (15.3%). Fungal infections, intertrigo, varicose veins and keratosis pilaris were more common in females than males in the study group. Within the study group, patients with skin tag, acanthosis nigricans and plantar hyperkeratosis had higher BMI. Conclusion: Skin tag, plantar hyperkeratosis, fungal infections, striae and acanthosis nigricans were found to be the most common skin diseases in obese patients in our study. Studies related with pathophysiologic features of the skin of obese patients will give more information about the development and treatment of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Several instruments are available for assessing impairment and disability associated with psoriasis. The first psoriasis-specific quality.of life questionnaire. Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI), has been translated to many different languages and used in studies all around the world. The aim of this study was to translate the PDI into Turkish and to validate the Turkish version of the PDI and its use for Turkish psoriasis patients, as well as to examine the specific contribution of demographic and clinical features to the PDI. Material and Method: The questionnaire was translated into Turkish by using appropriate translation steps. The socio-demographic data and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores of the patients were recorded. For reliability analysis, internal consistency and test-retest method were used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-total statistics were calculated for each question and subscales. For validation, the questionnaire was compared with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results: A total of 161 psoriasis patients were included in the study. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficients of all subscales ranged between 0.61 and 0.79 and were calculated as 0.88 for the overall index. In test-retest reliability, the correlation coefficient ranged between 0.366 and 0.775 for each question and were calculated as r=0.854 for the total PDI score (p<0.001). For validity analysis, the relationship between the mean PDI and DLQI scores was researched and a strong statistical correlation between the coefficients was established (r=0.674, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that the Turkish version of the PDI has an acceptable reliability and validity for use in Turkish psoriasis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesotherapy is a medical technique that consist of the intracutaneous or subcutaneous injection to the diseased area. It has become as a populer treatment method in cosmetic dermatology recently. Mesotherapy has been used in the treatment of skin rejuvenation, cellulite and localized fat reduction. Substances using in mesotherapy are plant extracts, homeopathic agents, vitamins, and some pharmaceuticals. The effect of these agents are not completely known. There are few experimental and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of mesotherapy in any form. In this report, it has been reviewed studies about the effect of compounds commonly used in mesotherapy in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Skin care is essential for maintenance of healty skin. But skin care behaviors vary in different societies. There are a few studies about this subject in Turkish population. The aim of this study was to determine behaviors of skin care products use and knowledge about skin care. Material and Method: A total of 870 patients were enrolled to the study between October 2006 and May 2007. The study group were composed of patients in dermatology out-patient clinic. A standart questionnaire was completed by the study group. Demographic characteristics, skin care knowledge, behaviors of skin care use were recorded to the questionnaire. Results: The study group included 870 participants between 16-65 years old (601 F, 269 M). Half of them (443 subjects) defined skin care as cleanness, 162 of them (18%) could not defined skin care. The prevalence of skin care products use was 51% (443 subjects) and the most popular use of skin care products were moisturizers (37.9%) and cleansers (35.2%). 42.5% of users of skin care product did not consult anyone, 30.1% and 25.2 % was notting accordance to his/her skin type and quality when buying product. 30.4% of them was getting skin care products from pharmacy and 25.4% from markets, 84% of participants did not reserve budget, 90% of them did not undergo professional skin care. Conclusion: Our study showed that knowledge about skin care and skin care products was insufficient in our population like results of previous studies. It is seen that Turkish people need to be informed about this topic by dermatologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a diagnostic and therapeutic case report on vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome of lichen planus. Use of medications including antifungal and antibacterial creams and tablets; Cause of widespread erythema and erosions overlying white reticulated plaques on the vulva; Findings of punch biopsies on the oral and genital mucosal lesions.

Describes a case of multiple facial painless leiomyomata in a 38-year-old man. Histopathological diagnosis; Common presentations of leiomyoma cutis; Treatment options.

Background: A variety of lasers have been used for the treatment of rosacea. However, treatment of this condition with long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser has not been reported yet., Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser in two different subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular) of rosacea., Methods: A total of 66 patients were enrolled in the study. All of the patients were treated with long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser with 3- to 4-week intervals. Rosacea severity score was assessed by using photographs. Improvement in severity was defined as the percentage reduction in severity scores from baseline to the end of treatment. Patients were also asked about their own opinions of improvement at the end of the treatment. Side effects were also documented., Results: Good to excellent improvement was achieved in up to 50 percent of the patients in the erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular groups. Percent improvement of global severity was significantly greater in the erythematotelangiectatic patients than in the papulopustular patients. The majority of patients from both groups noted a significant improvement of the lesions. Hypopigmented atrophic scars were seen in two patients., Conclusion: The long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser is a safe and effective treatment for vascular and inflammatory lesions of rosacea.

The porphyrias are a group of disorders of the heme biosynthesis pathway that present with acute neurovisceral symptoms, skin lesions or both. Porphyria cutanea tarda, presenting as a non-acute form, is the most common type of porphyria that encompasses a group of related disorders, all of which arise from deficient activity of the heme synthetic enzyme, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, in the liver. In the literature, concomitant presentation of porphyria with hepatocellular carcinoma is common; however, no case of porphyria cutanea tarda associated with cholangiocarcinoma has been seen. Here, we present a case of porphyria cutanea tarda seen in the course of cholangiocarcinoma, which can be attributed to a paraneoplastic syndrome. Our case is of interest because of its rarity. We also give a brief review of the literature regarding porphyria and cholangiocarcinoma.