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Copyright of Archives of Epilepsy is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gulhane Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epilepsi: Journal of the Turkish Epilepsi Society is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gulhane Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi is the property of Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gulhane Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is characterized by intermittent episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis. The attacks may occur in different time intervals and may last for a few hours to several days. Although, the serum potassium level is found to be low during the attack periods potassium levels are usually normal between attacks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exercise test (ET) responses by using electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of HPP. Methods: In this study, 5 patients with clinically observed hypokalemic periodic paralysis were evaluated. All of them were idiopathic. All of them underwent electrophysiological exercise testing in inter-attack period. The supra-maximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) at the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle was recorded by stimulating the ulnar nerve at the wrist for this purpose. The patient performed to right hand fifth finger maximal voluntary muscle contraction for 5 minutes (with relaxation for 5 seconds every 20 seconds). The ADM muscle was relaxed completely after the 5 minutes of exercise. CMAP was then recorded immediately thereafter every 2 minutes for 30 minutes or until the amplitude of the elicited CMAP no longer declined. The percentages of decrement were calculated. Results: Compound muscle action potential CMAP amplitude decrements were measured 48%, 55%, 54%, 41%, 19% respectively from the abductor digiti minimi muscle of all participants. As a result of exercise testing in 4 of 5 patients within attack free period findings were compatible with HPP. Conclusion: The exercise test is a useful diagnostic test for HPP, but in the absence of recent weakness negative results must be viewed with caution. It is a non-invasive functional test that can provide insights into abnormalities of muscle excitability. CMAP amplitude changes after exercise are helpful in diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis that may affect central nervous system (CNS). Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorder. Here we describe a patient with myelitis whose clinical course included oral and scrotal ulcerations and an episode of optic neuritis. He applied with suddenly developed mild right hemiparesis. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were unremarkable. He developed tetraparesis in clinical foolow up. Cervical and thoracal spinal MRIs disclosed diffuse cord lesions with contrast enhancement. Medical history revealed oral aphtae 1 month ago before admission that lasted in seven days and no other periods of genital ulceration or oral aphtae. To our knowledge rapidly progressive CNS involvement resembling NMO with no clinical findings in previous history has not been described in BD earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with Chiari 1 malformation may present with different symptoms. They usually apply with headache. However atipically presentations may be seen. We report a case 27 years old, who had applied to our outpatient clinic with strech in his right half of face for five years. His hemifacial spasm was associated with chiari type 1 malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of congenital abnormalities in the fetus. This is partly attributable to AEDs. We aimed to analyse seizure frequency and the rate and type of any congenital malformation related to pregnancies in women with epilepsy in this prospective study. Eighty four pregnant women with epilepsy on AEDs were followed for congenital malformations. Z test was used for statistical analysis. Pregnancy did not influence the seizure frequency in 64 (76.2%) pregnancies. The seizure frequency increased in 16 (19.04%) pregnancies. In 4 (4.76%) pregnancies the number of seizures decreased during pregnancy. Overall percentage of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with epilepsy treated with AEDs was 10%, versus 3.65% in the general Turkish population. Percentages of malformations in children of pregnancies in women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were; 6.52% (3/46) for carbamazepine (CBZ), 14.28% (2/14) for phenytoin (PHT), 13.33% (2/15)for valproic acid (VPA) and 20% (1/5) for phenobarbital (PB). This comfirms previous reports that all four AEDs (CBZ, PHT VPA, PB) are associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, although CBZ seems to be the the safest agent in monotherapy.