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A survey of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Thailand resulted in the discovery of one new species in Parafuscosporella herein described as Parafuscosporella lignicola. It is characterized by sporodochial colonies, moniliform or ellipsoidal conidiophores, ellipsoidal or cylindrical conidiogenous cells, irregular ellipsoidal and dark brown conidia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined LSU, SSU and ITS sequence data support its placement in Parafuscosporella. The species formed distinct clade from the type species and represents as ninth species in Parafuscosporella. The results of the pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test results revealed no significant genetic recombination (Φw = 1.0) between Parafuscosporella lignicola and the closely related P. lignicola and P. ellipsoconidiogena. A descriptions and illustrations of P. lignicola are provided.

In this study, a novel lignicolous freshwater species, Parafuscosporella xishuangbannaensis, which was collected from Manfeilong reservoir in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species was established based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and rpb2 sequence data. Parafuscosporella xishuangbannaensis is characterized by reduced conidiophores, holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, hyaline, cylindrical conidiogenous cells, and acrogenous, obovoid to subglobose, brown to dark brown conidia with a septum near the base and a paler, wedge-shaped basal cell. Parafuscosporella xishuangbannaensis differs from its phylogenetically close sister taxon P. pyriformis in lacking cylindrical or moniliform conidiophores.

Parafuscosporella lignicola L. Li & R.J. Xu, sp. nov. FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF559931, Facesoffungi number: FoF 12889 Etymology: Referring to the fungus dwelling on wood. Holotype: MFLU22-0101 Saprobic on decaying twigs from freshwater habitats. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum sporodochial, scattered, black without covering. Mycelium mostly superficial, partially immersed, composed of branched, smooth-walled, septate, hyaline to light brown hyphae. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, compact, septate, mostly subglobose to ellipsoidal in moniliform. Conidiogenous cells 11–19 × 7–9 μm (x = 14× 8 μm, n =20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated or discrete, terminal, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, sometimes with continuous proliferations. Conidia 15–25 × 8–13 μm (x = 22 × 11 μm, n =40) acrogenous, solitary, ellipsoidal, obovoid or pyriform, with a septum near the base, olivaceous when young, dark brown to black when mature, pale brown at basal cell, truncate at base, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 48h. Germ tubes produced from the basal cell. Colonies reaching 30 mm at room temperature in dark for one month, on PDA medium, flat, velutinous, light grey from the center then becoming brown towards surface, sparse mycelium on the surface, irregular margin. Sporulated conidia in cultures after 10 days. Conidiophores micronematous, branched, sometimes reduced to a single conidiogenous cell, hyaline to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, holoblastic, integrated, cylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 10–25 × 8–14 μm (x = 17 × 11 μm, n=20), acrogenous or pleurogenous, globose to subglobose, olivaceous when young, medium brown to dark brown when mature, sometime with continuous proliferations (FIGURE. 4). Known distribution: Thailand Material examined: Thailand, Nang Lae, Mueang Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, (99°52′52.93″E, 20°3′2.52″N), saprobic on decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream, 18 July 2020, R.J Xu, MD-5 (MFLU22- 0101 holotype), ex-living culture MFLUCC 23-0047. Thailand, Mushroom Research Center (M.R.C.), Chiang Mai Province, (98°46′44.28″E, 19°7′7.62N ″), unidentified decaying wood in freshwater habitat, 13 July 2020, R.J Xu, MD-5-3 (MFLU22-0102), living culture MFLUCC 23-0048. Notes: Morphologically, Parafuscosporella lignicola is similar to P. aquatica, P. moniliformis, P. mucosa, P. nilotica, P. obovate and P. pyriformis in having micronematous, mononematous conidiophores; monoblastic, integrated, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal conidiogenous cells; subglobose, ellipsoidal or pyriform, dark brown to black conidia. However, P. lignicola has moniliform, ellipsoidal conidiophores, ellipsoidal or cylindrical conidiogenous cells and the smallest conidia in the genus (Boonyuen et al. 2016, Yang et al. 2016, 2017, Boonmee et al. 2021). Phylogenetic analysis also shows that Parafuscosporella lignicola has its own distinct lineage compared to other species of Parafuscosporella and form a sister group with P. ellipsoconidiogena (FIGURE 2). However, P. ellipsoconidiogena can be distinguished from P. lignicola by having doliiform, fusiform conidiophores, fusiform conidiogenous cells and larger conidia (27.5–33 × 15–20 μm vs. 15–25 × 8–13 μm) (Boonyuen et al. 2021).

Parafuscosporella lignicola L. Li & R.J. Xu, sp. nov. FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF559931, Facesoffungi number: FoF 12889 Etymology: Referring to the fungus dwelling on wood. Holotype: MFLU22-0101 Saprobic on decaying twigs from freshwater habitats. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substratum sporodochial, scattered, black without covering. Mycelium mostly superficial, partially immersed, composed of branched, smooth-walled, septate, hyaline to light brown hyphae. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, compact, septate, mostly subglobose to ellipsoidal in moniliform. Conidiogenous cells 11–19 × 7–9 μm (x = 14× 8 μm, n =20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated or discrete, terminal, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, sometimes with continuous proliferations. Conidia 15–25 × 8–13 μm (x = 22 × 11 μm, n =40) acrogenous, solitary, ellipsoidal, obovoid or pyriform, with a septum near the base, olivaceous when young, dark brown to black when mature, pale brown at basal cell, truncate at base, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 48h. Germ tubes produced from the basal cell. Colonies reaching 30 mm at room temperature in dark for one month, on PDA medium, flat, velutinous, light grey from the center then becoming brown towards surface, sparse mycelium on the surface, irregular margin. Sporulated conidia in cultures after 10 days. Conidiophores micronematous, branched, sometimes reduced to a single conidiogenous cell, hyaline to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, holoblastic, integrated, cylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 10–25 × 8–14 μm (x = 17 × 11 μm, n=20), acrogenous or pleurogenous, globose to subglobose, olivaceous when young, medium brown to dark brown when mature, sometime with continuous proliferations (FIGURE. 4). Known distribution: Thailand Material examined: Thailand, Nang Lae, Mueang Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, (99°52′52.93″E, 20°3′2.52″N), saprobic on decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream, 18 July 2020, R.J Xu, MD-5 (MFLU22- 0101 holotype), ex-living culture MFLUCC 23-0047. Thailand, Mushroom Research Center (M.R.C.), Chiang Mai Province, (98°46′44.28″E, 19°7′7.62N ″), unidentified decaying wood in freshwater habitat, 13 July 2020, R.J Xu, MD-5-3 (MFLU22-0102), living culture MFLUCC 23-0048. Notes: Morphologically, Parafuscosporella lignicola is similar to P. aquatica, P. moniliformis, P. mucosa, P. nilotica, P. obovate and P. pyriformis in having micronematous, mononematous conidiophores; monoblastic, integrated, globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal conidiogenous cells; subglobose, ellipsoidal or pyriform, dark brown to black conidia. However, P. lignicola has moniliform, ellipsoidal conidiophores, ellipsoidal or cylindrical conidiogenous cells and the smallest conidia in the genus (Boonyuen et al. 2016, Yang et al. 2016, 2017, Boonmee et al. 2021). Phylogenetic analysis also shows that Parafuscosporella lignicola has its own distinct lineage compared to other species of Parafuscosporella and form a sister group with P. ellipsoconidiogena (FIGURE 2). However, P. ellipsoconidiogena can be distinguished from P. lignicola by having doliiform, fusiform conidiophores, fusiform conidiogenous cells and larger conidia (27.5–33 × 15–20 μm vs. 15–25 × 8–13 μm) (Boonyuen et al. 2021)., Published as part of Li, Lu, Xu, Rong-Ju, Luo, Zong-Long, Zhao, Qi & Cheewangkoon, Ratchadawan, 2023, Parafuscosporella lignicola sp. nov. (Fuscosporellaceae), from a freshwater habitat in northern Thailand, pp. 141-152 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on pages 145-148, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7929317, {"references":["Boonyuen, N., Chuaseeharonnachai, C., Suetrong, S., Sujinda, S. & Somrithipol, S. (2016) Parafuscosporella garethii sp. nov. (Fuscosporellales) from a rivulet in a community-based northern forest, in Thailand. Mycosphere 7: 1265 - 1272. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 9 / 2","Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Bhat, D. J., Hyde, K. D., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jones, E. B. G., Al-Sadi, A. M. & Lumyong, S. (2016) Fuscosporellales, a New Order of Aquatic and Terrestrial Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 37: 449 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 37. iss 4.2016.449","Boonmee, S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Calabon, M. S., Huanraluek, N., Chandrasiri, S. K. U., Jones, E. B. G., Rossi, W., Leonardi, M., Singh, S. K., Rana, S., Singh, P. N., Maurya, D. K., Lagashetti, A. C., Choudhary, D., Dai, Y. C., Zhao, C. L., Mu, Y. H., Yuan, H. S., He, S. H., Phookamsak, R., Jiang, H. B., Martin, M. P., Duenas, M., Telleria, M. T., Kalucka, I. L., Jagodzinski, A. M., Liimatainen, K., Pereira, D. S., Phillips, A. J. L., Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Khuna, S., Lumyong, S., Potter, T. B., Shivas, R. G., Sparks, A. H., Vaghefi, N., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Li, G. J., Lin, W. F., Singh, U., Bhatt, R. P., Lee, H. B., Nguyen, T. T. T., Kirk, P. M., Dutta, A. K., Acharya, K., Sarma, V. V., Niranjan, M., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Ashtekar, N., Lad, S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Bhat, D. J., Xu, R. J., Wijesinghe, S. N., Shen, H. W., Luo, Z. L., Zhang, J. Y., Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Bao, D. F., Aluthmuhandiram, J. V. S., Abdollahzadeh, J., Javadi, A., Dovana, F., Usman, M., Khalid, A. N., Dissanayake, A. J., Telagathoti, A., Probst, M., Peintner, U., Garrido-Benavent, I., Bona, L., Merenyi, Z., Boros, L., Zoltan, B., Stielow, J. B., Jiang, N., Tian, C. M., Shams, E., Dehghanizadeh, F., Pordel, A., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Denchev, T. T., Denchev, C. M., Kemler, M., Begerow, D., Deng, C. Y., Harrower, E., Bozorov, T., Kholmuradova, T., Gafforov, Y., Abdurazakov, A., Xu, J. C., Mortimer, P. E., Ren, G. C., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Phukhamsakda, C., Mapook, A. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) Fungal diversity notes 1387 - 1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 111: 1 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 021 - 00489 - 3","Boonyuen, N., Chuaseeharonnachai, C., Nuankaew, S., Kwantong, P., Pornputtapong, N., Suwannarach, N., Jones, E. B. G. & Somrithipol, S. (2021) Novelties in fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales): Two new parafuscosporella from thailand revealed by morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Diversity 13. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 13110517"]}

Parafuscosporella xishuangbannaensis R. Zhu & H. Zhang, sp. nov. (FIGURES 2 & 3) Index Fungorum number: IF900242; Facesoffungi number: FoF 14014 Etymology: in reference to Xishuangbanna, from where the holotype was collected. Holotype: IFRD 9461 Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrata punctiform, granular, gregarious, black, glistening. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of septate, branched, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, hyaline, cylindrical, 2.8– 4.7 × 3.3–4.9 μm (x = 3.6 × 3.8 μm, n = 20). Conidia acrogenous, obovoid to subglobose, brown to dark brown, with a septum near the base, smooth-walled, 18–29 × 14–27 μm (x = 23.8 × 21.5 μm, n = 30); basal cell wedge-shaped, paler than the other cells, 1.5–5 × 3.5–7.5 μm (x = 2.8 × 5 μm, n = 20). Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Germ tubes are produced from the basal cell. Colonies on PDA are very slow-growing, reaching 10 mm diameter after 12 weeks at 20–25˚C, pale yellow to yellow from above and below, with sparse mycelium, entire at the edge. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, 10–32 × 2–5.5 μm (x = 21.5 × 3.5 μm, n = 20). Conidia globose to subglobose, aseptate or with a septum near the base, smooth, hyaline when young, pale brown to brown at maturity, 20–28 × 17–27 μm (x = 23.4 × 21.5 μm, n = 30), sometimes with a wedge-shaped, paler cell at the base, 2.5–8(–21) × 2.5–4.5 μm (x = 5 × 4 μm, n = 30). Material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Manfeilong reservoir, on submerged decaying wood of an unidentified plant, 7 November 2020, R. Zhu, N 94 (IFRD 9461, holotype), ex-living culture IFRDCC 3133. Notes: The multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and rpb2 sequence data show that our strain forms a separate branch in Parafuscosporella and clusters with two strains of P. pyriformis (FIGURE. 1). Morphologically, our isolate is similar to P. pyriformis in having obovoid to subglobose conidia and overlapping conidial size. However, the two taxa can be easily distinguished by the characteristics of the conidiophores. Parafuscosporella pyriformis has numerous, cylindrical or moniliform conidiophores (Yang et al. 2020), while the conidiophores of our new isolate are reduced to conidiogenous cells. Additionally, the conidia of the new isolate forming in culture are bigger than those of P. pyriformis (20–28 × 17–27 μm vs. 8–12 × 7–12 μm). Comparisons of nucleotides show that there are three (0.3%, including 2 gaps) and 20 (3.4%, including 4 gaps) nucleotide differences in LSU and ITS regions respectively, which supports them to be different species as per the guidelines of Jeewon and Hyde (2016). Based on the morphological and molecular differences, we introduce our isolate as a new species in Parafuscosporella, namely P. xishuangbannaensis. Morphologically, P. moniliformis and P. mucosa are similar to P. xishuangbannaensis in their globose to subglobose conidia in culture. However, the shape of conidiogenous cells and conidia on the natural substrates are different. The conidiogenous cells of P. xishuangbannaensis are only cylindrical as per the description above, while those of P. mucosa are globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal or clavate. The conidia of P. xishuangbannaensis are obovoid to subglobose, while those of P. moniliformis are ellipsoidal to broadly obpyriform and those of P. mucosa are obovoid to obpyriform (Yang et al. 2016)., Published as part of Wang, Lin, Dong, Wei, Yang, Jun-Xian, Zhu, Rong, Zhang, Huang & Yu, Ze-Fen, 2023, Parafuscosporella xishuangbannaensis sp. nov. (Fuscosporellales, Sordariomycetes) from submerged wood in China, pp. 218-228 in Phytotaxa 587 (3) on pages 221-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7744299, {"references":["Yang, H., Dong, W., Yu, X. D., Bhat, D. J., Boonmee, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) Four freshwater dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Sordariomycetes with two new species of Parafuscosporella. Phytotaxa 441: 19 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 441.1.2","Boonyuen, N., Chuaseeharonnachai, C., Nuankaew, S., Kwantong, P., Pornputtapong, N., Suwannarach, N., Jones, E. & Somrithipol, S. (2021) Novelties in Fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales): Two new Parafuscosporella from Thailand revealed by morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Diversity 13 (11): 517. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 13110517","Boonyuen, N., Chuaseeharonnachai, C., Suetrong, S., Sujinda, S. & Somrithipol, S. (2016) Parafuscosporella garethii sp. nov. (Fuscosporellales) from a rivulet in a community-based northern forest, in Thailand. Mycosphere 7: 1265 - 1272. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 9 / 2","Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Bhat, D. J., Hyde, K. D., Mckenzie, E. H. C., Jones, E. B. G., Alsadi, A. M. & Lumyong, S. (2016) Fuscosporellales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie Mycologie 4: 449 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 37. iss 4.2016.449","Boonmee, S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Calabon, M. S., Huanraluek, N., Chandrasiri, S. K. U., Jones, G. E. B., Rossi, W., Leonardi, M., Singh, S. K., Rana, S., Singh, P. N., Maurya, D. K., Lagashetti, A. C., Choudhary, D., Dai, Y. C., Zhao, C. L., Mu, Y. H., Yuan, H. S., He, S. H., Phookamsak, R., Jiang, H. B., Martin, M. P., Duenas, M., Telleria, M. T., Kalucka, I. L., Jagodzinski, A. M., Liimatainen, K., Pereira, D. S., Phillips, A. J. L., Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Khuna, S., Lumyong, S., Potter, T. B., Shivas, R. G., Sparks, A. H., Vaghefi, N., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Li, G. J., Lin, W. F., Singh, U., Bhatt, R. P., Lee, H. B., Nguyen, T. T. T., Kirk, P. M., Dutta, A. K., Acharya, K., Sarma, V. V., Niranjan, M., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Ashtekar, N., Lad, S., Wijayawardene, N. N., Bhat, D. J., Xu, R. J., Wijesinghe, S. N., Shen, H. W., Luo, Z. L., Zhang, J. Y., Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Bao, D. F., Aluthmuhandiram, J. V. S., Abdollahzadeh, J., Javadi, A., Dovana, F., Usman, M., Khalid, A. N., Dissanayake, A. J., Telagathoti, A., Probst, M., Peintner, U., Garrido-Benavent, I., Bona, L., Merenyi, Z., Boros, L., Zoltan, B., Stielow, J. B., Jiang, N., Tian, C. M., Shams, E., Dehghanizadeh, F., Pordel, A., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Denchev, T. T., Denchev, C. M., Kemler, M., Begerow, D., Deng, C. Y., Harrower, E., Bozorov, T., Kholmuradova, T., Gafforov, Y., Abdurazakov, A., Xu, J. C., Mortimer, P. E., Ren, G. C., Jeewon, R., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Phukhamsakda, C., Mapook, A. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) Fungal diversity notes 1387 - 1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 111: 1 - 335.","Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7 (11): 1669 - 1677. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 11 / 4"]}

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia, Kang, Yingqian (2021): Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot. Phytotaxa 523 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1

Mucispora hydei Wijayaw., Q.R. Li, Y.C. Deng, L.S. Dissan & D-Q Dai sp. nov. (FIGURE 1) Index Fungorum number: IF558463 Etymology:— Named in honour of British mycologist, K.D. Hyde for his immense contributions to mycology Holotype:— GMB0028 Saprobic on decaying wood. Asexual morph Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores 60–110 × 8–12 µm (x̅ = 78.6 × 9.8 µm, n = 30), macronematous, mononematous, erect, solitary or in small groups on compactly aggregated cells, simple, cylindrical, smooth, brown, straight or slightly flexuous, percurrently proliferate 2–3 times, 1–2-septate. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, pale brown. Conidia 35-50 × 20-30 µm (x̅ = 41.2 × 25.5 µm, n = 30), acrogenous, solitary, simple, smooth, ellipsoidal to obovoid, hyaline to subhyaline when young, dark brown when mature, with obvious septa in young conidia, paler at basal cell, truncate at base, sometimes covered by a hyaline mucilaginous sheath. Sexual morph Undetermined. Material examined:— CHINA, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Gaopo Township, Raorao village (106°48’6.54”E, 26°19’3.46”N), on decaying submerged wood, 9 th December 2019, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Q. R Li, (GMB0028, holotype, NNW56, isotype). LSU: MW797122, SSU MW 800164, ITS MW 797039 (Supplementary Table 1) Known distribution:— Guizhou Province, China Notes:— Yang et al. (2016) introduced the genus Mucispora Jing Yang et al. with M. obscuriseptata J. Yang et al. as the type species. Besides the type species, the genus comprises two species viz. M. phangngaensis J. Yang & K.D. Hyde (Yang et al. 2017) and M. infundibulata J. Yang & K.D. Hyde (Hyde et al. 2020). All these species have been reported from submerged plant materials in Southern Thailand (Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Phang Nga Province). In morphology, Mucispora closely resembles Melanocephala but it is specific in its cupulate proliferating conidiogenous cells and its conidia bearing a central downwardly directed collar with a fimbriate margin’ (Hughes 1979; Yang et al. 2017). Our new collection did not germinate in different media (WA, PDA, MEA) and in different temperatures thus we extracted DNA directly from the fruiting body (Zeng et al. 2018). PCR amplification of ITS (ITS 4/ ITS 5), LSU (primers: LR5/ LROR) and SSU (primers: NS 1/ NS 4) were successful. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS genes (Fig. 2) that our new strain is distinct from other taxa. However, the separation value is medium (69% in ML) and PP value is low. Nevertheless, morphological characters, of our collection is well-distinct from other Mucispora species (Table 2). Hence, we introduce the fourth species of the genus, Mucispora hydei. This is the first record of the genus outside Thailand., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Bhat, D. J. Al-Sadi, A. M. & Lumyong, S. (2016) Fuscosporellales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie Mycologie 37: 449 - 475.","Yang, J., Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G. & Liu, Z. Y. (2017) Two new species in Fuscosporellaceae from freshwater habitats in Thailand. Mycosphere 8: 1893 - 1903. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 8 / 10 / 12","Hyde, K. D., Dong, Y., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D. J., Jones, E. B. G., Liu, N. G., Abeywickrama, P. D., Mapook, A., Wei, D. P., Perera, R. H., Manawasinghe, I. S., Pem, D., Bundhun, D., Karunarathna, A., Ekanayaka, A. H., Bao, D. F., Li, J. F., Samarakoon, M. C., Chaiwan, N., Lin, C. G., Phutthacharoen, K., Zhang, S. N., Senanayake, I. C., Goonasekara, I. D., Thambugala, K. M., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D. S., Jiang, H. B., Yang, J., Zeng, M., Huanraluek, N., Liu, J. K., Wijesinghe, S. N., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Brahmanage, R. S., Boonmee, S., Huang, S. K., Thiyagaraja, V., Lu, Y. Z., Jayawardena, R. S., Dong, W., Yang, E. F., Singh, S. K., Singh, S. M., Rana, S., Lad, S. S., Anand, G., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., Sarma, VV., Liimatainen, K., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Niskanen, T., Overall, A., Alvarenga, R. L. M., Gibertoni, T. B., Pliegler, W. P., Horvath, E., Imre, A., Alves, A. L., Santos, A. C. S., Tiago, P. V., Bulgakov, T. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Bahkali, A. H., Doilom, M., Elgorban, A. M., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Haelewaters, D., Mortimer, P. E., Zhao, Q., Lumyong, S., Xu, J. C. & Sheng, J. (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1151 - 1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 96: 1 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00439 - 5","Hughes, S. J. (1979) Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17: 139 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1979.10426887","Zeng, X. Y., Jeewon, R., Wen, T. C., Hongsanan, S., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2018) Simplified and efficient DNA extraction protocol for Meliolaceae specimens. Mycological Progress 17: 403 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 018 - 1419 - 0"]}