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The fast diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have called for an equally rapid evolution of the therapeutic options.The Human recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) in subjects aged ≥12 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and specific risk factors.Currently the indications are specific for the use of two different mAbs combination: Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab (produced by Eli Lilly) and Casirivimab+Imdevimab (produced by Regeneron).These drugs have shown favorable effects in adult patients in the initial phase of infection, whereas to date few data are available on their use in children.AIFA criteria derived from the existing literature which reports an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in children with comorbidities. However, the studies analyzing the determinants for progression to severe disease are mainly monocentric, with limited numbers and reporting mostly generic risk categories.Thus, the Italian Society of Pediatrics invited its affiliated Scientific Societies to produce a Consensus document based on the revision of the criteria proposed by AIFA in light of the most recent literature and experts’ agreement.This Consensus tries to detail which patients actually have the risk to develop severe disease, analyzing the most common comorbidities in children, in order to detail the indications for mAbs administration and to guide the clinicians in identifying eligible patients.

The knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the concentration of nutrients in rivers is of fundamental importance in maintaining the ecological functioning of streams. In particular, in the riverbed sediments, where the biogeochemical activity is enhanced, the study of retention mechanisms becomes crucial in order to determine the restoring capacity of a watercourse. In case of groundwater inflow, hot-spots in the recycling of nutrients within the riparian and hyporheic zones can be observed, influencing the nutrient load transported into the stream depending on retention mechanisms. Hence, the study of biotic and abiotic factors affecting retention within the riverbed sediments, and the study of processes occurring at the interface of groundwater and surface water (i.e., the hyporheic zone) are fundamental in understanding the mechanisms of retention and transport, which regulate the concentration of nutrients, and in particular nitrates, in streams. The main scope of the present project, within the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP)“Environmental Isotopes and Age Dating Methods to Assess Nitrogen Pollution and Other Quality Issues in Rivers”, is to find a reliable methodology to, spatially and temporally, quantify groundwater inflows to a river in order to study nitrates contamination of a groundwater dependent river ecosystem. This goal will be achieved focusing on three main objectives: 1. The identification and quantification of spatio-temporal variation of the connectivity between groundwater and surface water in the considered river basin. 2. The identification of the nitrate contamination sources of shallow groundwater in the considered alluvial aquifer. 3. The study of the nitrates retention and recycling mechanisms in riverbed sediments in critical effluent river reaches (key sites) in order to determine the importance of hyporheic and riparian zones in the considered catchment. Here, the preliminary results of the hydrogeologic, chemical and isotopic monitoring are presented and discussed.

""Long-term biological effects of low-dose radiation are little known nowadays and its carcinogenic risk is estimated on the assumption that the risk remains linearly proportional to the radiation dose down to low-dose levels. However in the last 20 years this hypothesis has gradually begun to seem in contrast with a huge collection of experimental evidences, which has shown the presence of a plethora of non-linear phenomena (including hypersensitivity and induced radioresistance, adaptive response, and non-targeted phenomena like bystander effect and genomic instability) occurring after low-dose irradiation. These phenomena might imply a non-linear behaviour of cancer risk curves in the low-dose region and question the validity of the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model currently used for cancer risk assessment through extrapolation from existing high-dose data. Moreover only few information is available regarding the effects induced on cryopreserved cells by multi-year background radiation exposure, which might induce a radiation-damage accumulation, due to the inhibition of cellular repair mechanisms. In this framework, the multi-year EXCALIBUR (EXposure effeCts At Low doses of Ionizing radiation in Biological CultURes) experiment, funded by INFN-CNS5, has undertaken a multiscale approach investigation on the biological effects induced in in vitro and in vivo biological systems, in culture and cryopreserved conditions, as a function of radiation quality (X\\\/γ-rays, protons, He-4 ions of various energies) and dose, with particular emphasis on the low-dose region and non-linear phenomena, in terms of different biological endpoints. PACS 87.53.-j-Effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems. PACS 87.53.Ay-Biophysical mechanisms of interaction. PACS 87.53.Bn-Dosimetry\\\/exposure assessment. PACS 87.18.Gh-Cell-cell communication; collective behavior of motile cells""

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E' stato realizzato in laboratorio un simulatore hardware-software di un sistema robotizzato per lo spegnimento di un incendio mobile e/o di intensità variabile con scenari incendiari quanto più realistici possibile. Sono stati prodotti risultati di simulazione utilizzati per lo studio di fattibilità del "Robogat" patent.