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Purpose: This study explored the intervention processes used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to treat children with speech sound disorders (SSDs). Method: Semistructured, individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Australian SLPs. Inductive content analysis was used to classify the data to provide a description of current intervention processes for children with SSDs. Results: Three main factors were identified relating to the intervention processes used by SLPs: (a) target selection, (b) therapy approaches, and (c) structural and procedural aspects of therapy sessions, including feedback. The findings revealed that SLPs often combine elements of four therapies: the minimal pairs approach, traditional articulatory approaches, auditory discrimination, and Cued Articulation. Initial therapy targets typically aligned with a developmental approach or were functional speech targets with meaningful relevance to the child and their family. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the current state of knowledge about the intervention processes used by SLPs for children with SSDs. The use of hybrid speech pathology therapies, which combined elements of favored approaches, was common. Hybrid methods were intended to help tailor the interventions to individual needs. Client needs were highly prioritized by SLPs and influenced their choice of therapy targets and therapy approaches.

The article presents a study which aims to evaluate the diagnostic capability of homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in plasma compared with methyl-malonic acid (MMA) and vitamin B12 as predictor of B12 deficiency in grazing sheep. It uses 82 ewes browsing ryegrass-white clover pasture, 39 of which were supplemented with a Co shot. It concludes that Hcy concentration in plasma have little value in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 responsiveness.

The article presents a study which aims to measure the retention and absorption of vitamin B 12 from milk in pre-ruminant lambs as well as the effect of the activation of metabolic pathways in tissue concentration. According to the article, newborn lambs were divided into two groups, with the other given milk substitute alone while the other with added proportion by up to four weeks. In addition, it affirms that lambs that are being administered with the vitamins in the liver and plasma at a marginal range were able to maintain normal concentrations.

The article presents a survey of plasma and liver mineral concentrations and enzyme activities in ostriches under farmed conditions in New Zealand. Results showed that plasma concentrations were within the normal range observed in the literature for ratite species. It was observed that copper concentrations in plasma were lower but higher in liver. Although aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) are higher compared to those literature from South Africa, the author concludes that they were normal and were only a reflection of the high growth rates of the musculoskeletal system.