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Are the disciplines of education ghosts of a productive past or creative and useful forms of inquiry? Are they in a demographic and organisational crisis today? The contribution of the 'foundation disciplines' of sociology, psychology, philosophy, history and economics to the study of education has always been contested in the UK and in much of the English-speaking world. But such debates are now being brought to a head in education by the demographic crisis. Recent research has shown that with the an ageing population of education academics, in ten years' time, there could be very few disciplinary specialists left working within faculties of education in UK universities. But does that matter and is the UK no more than a special case? How does this 'crisis' look from Europe where the disciplines of education are more embedded, and from the USA with its more diverse higher education system? In this book, leading scholars - including A.H. Halsey, David Bridges, John Furlong, Hugh Lauder, Martin Lawn and Sheldon Rothblatt - consider the changing fortunes of each discipline as education moved away from the dominance of psychology in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s as a result of the growing importance of the other disciplines and new social questions, and how the changing epistemological and political debates of the last twenty years haves resulted in their progressive demise. Finally, the book confronts the question as to whether the disciplines have a place in education in the twenty-first century.

Desde a dispersão da mosca-dos-chifres, no Brasil, queixas sobre seu controle aumentaram em todo o país. Um amplo levantamento objetivando avaliar a suscetibilidade da mosca a inseticidas organofosforados (OF) e piretróides foi realizado de outubro de 2000 a abril de 2003. Bioensaios com papéis de filtro impregnados com cipermetrina, permetrina ou diazinon foram conduzidos em 154 populações da mosca-dos-chifres de 14 Estados e 78 municípios. Resistência à cipermetrina, ingrediente ativo presente na maioria dos produtos para controle da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil, foi detectada em 98,46% das populações, com fatores de resistência (FR) variando de 2,5 a 719,9. Resistência à permetrina (FR ≤ 6,3) foi encontrada em 96,67% das populações testadas, apesar da falta de uso de produtos contendo este princípio ativo. Em geral, resistência a piretróides foi detectada em 97,18% das populações, com frequências acima de 87% em todas as regiões do país. A situação da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas, no Brasil, pode ser caracterizada por uma elevada suscetibilidade aos organofosforados e ocorrência generalizada de resistência aos piretróides, potencialmente comprometendo a eficácia desses produtos na maioria dos casos. Embora resultados parciais tenham sido apresentados anteriormente, um quadro geral da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil é apresentado pela primeira vez.

The bovine tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus causes major losses in cattle production systems in tropical regions. Bos indicus breeds are more resistant to ticks than B. taurus breeds. Resistance genes could be an alternative to control this parasite. We examined the pattern of gene expression of three calcium-binding-protein genes: translationally controlled tumor protein 1 (TPT1), allergen Bos d3 (S100A7), calcium channel protein transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), and the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene (CST6). These genes were selected from cDNA libraries prepared from skin biopsies taken from resistant and susceptible Gyr x Holstein F₂ animals. These biopsies were also used to study the expression level of these genes through real-time PCR analysis. The relative expression levels of the S100A7, TPT1, TRPV6, and CST6 genes were 2.01 ± 0.6, 1.32 ± 0.9, 1.53 ± 1.2, and 2.03 ± 0.7 times higher in the susceptible group, respectively. Skin lesion tissue from the susceptible animals showed significantly more mRNA transcripts of these genes in comparison with the resistant animals (P = 0.001). However, this hypersensitivity does not seem to protect the susceptible animals against tick infestation.

We report on a protein kinase function encoded by the unique N terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (R1). R1 expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited autophosphorylation activity in a reaction which depended on the presence of the unique N terminus. When the N terminus was separately expressed in E. coli and partially purified, a similar autophosphorylation reaction was observed. Importantly, transphosphorylation of histones and of proteins in HSV-1-infected cell extracts was also observed with purified R1 and with truncated R1 mutants in which most of the N terminus was deleted. Ion-exchange chromatography was used to separate the autophosphorylating activity of the N terminus from the transphosphorylating activity of an E. coli contaminant protein kinase. We propose a putative function for this activity of the HSV-1 R1 N terminus during the immediate-early phase of virus replication.

RESUMO - Atualmente, o estudo da atividade anti-helmíntica de plantas medicinais em ruminantes tem atraído bastante interesse. Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) é uma das espécies de hortelã que tem sido utilizada popularmente devido às diversas propriedades medicinais, inclusive para o controle de verminoses. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a atividade anti-helmíntica do hidrolato dessa planta em bezerras infectadas por nematóides gastrintestinais, tanto in vitro, pelo método de coprocultura quantitativa, quanto in vivo, por meio do teste de redução no número de ovos de nematóides nas fezes dos hospedeiros. No teste in vitro, o hidrolato nas concentrações de 40%, 60% e 80% e 100% apresentou porcentagem de eficácia de 91,88%, 94,15%, 98,40% e 100%, respectivamente, mostrando atividade ovicida significativa sobre nematóides gastrintestinais em bezerras. Entretanto, os resultados do teste in vivo mostraram ausência de atividade anti-helmíntica do hidrolato de M. villosa na dose de 0,1ml kg dia-1, nos animais tratados. ABSTRACT - Currently, it has been of great interest to study the anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants in ruminants. Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) is one of the mint species that has been popularly used based on various medicinal properties, even for the control of nematode infections. This study aimed to test the anthelmintic activity of hidrolact of this plant, both in vitro, by the quantitative coproculture method, and in vivo, in calves infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, through the egg count reduction test in feces of the hosts. In in vitro tests, the hidrolact at the concentrations 40%, 60% and 80% and 100% obtained percentage of effectiveness of 91.88%, 94.15%, 98.40% and 100% respectively, showing significant ovicidal activity against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. However, the hidrolact of M. villosa showed no in vivo anthelmintic activity at 0.1ml kg-1 day-1 on the treated animals. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T17:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Efeito-anti-helmintico-do-hidrolato-de-Mentha-villosa-Huds.-em-nematoides-gastrointestinais-de-bovinos.pdf: 72642 bytes, checksum: b00b5fd480c461c61b3bbc0a4fdec2df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009

This report from research commissioned by Becta investigates what, how and why people learn outside formal educational settings using technology. This study, The Learner in Context, explores the: • ways in which many learners individually and as members of social groups manage and develop their engagement with digital technologies in order to adapt it to their needs • sources of frustration, lack of skills and lack of opportunity that separate many other learners from the benefits of the same new technologies.

A study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of Boophilus microplus cattle ticks to different solvents. Larvae and engorged females of B. microplus were subjected to 7 solvents in 5 different concentrations in the presence and absence of olive oil. The utilization of olive oil did not produce different statistical results in the impregnated paper larval test. The same results were observed in the adult immersion test with hydrophilic compounds. The mean mortality caused by solvents was small in the larval test, and increased in immersion tests. Solvents with low molecular weight and viscosity such as alcohol and methyl alcohol did not affect the mortality of B. microplus in biological tests in concentrations below 76%..

Realizou-se um estudo sobre a ação biocida de Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus staigeriana no carrapato Boophilus microplus, buscando-se a produção de acaricidas menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. Os óleos essenciais das três espécies e os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus e E. staigeriana foram testados em cinco concentrações diferentes contra larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas de B. microplus. Os óleos foram submetidos à análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM), a fim de se investigar sua composição. O citronelal é o principal componente do óleo de E. citriodora, sendo responsável por sua ação acaricida. O mesmo ocorre com o 1,8-cineol em E. globulus. Em E. staigeriana existem várias substâncias que agem sinergicamente contra B. microplus. O óleo essencial de E. citriodora matou 100% dos carrapatos a uma concentração média de 17,5%, o de E. globulus a 15% e o de E. staigeriana a 12,5%. Os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus mataram 100% dos carrapatos a uma concentração média de 9,9% e o de E. staigeriana a uma concentração de 3,9%. O desenvolvimento de produtos que possam ser testados a campo e comercializados a preços competitivos serão passos a serem seguidos. Os biocarrapaticidas têm um apelo comercial grande, permitindo controlar B. microplus de um modo menos agressivo ao meio ambiente.

O carrapato B. microplus possui grande importância econômico-sanitária, causando prejuízo anual de um bilhão de dólares no Brasil segundo o Ministério da Agricultura. Utilizou-se um total de 300 fêmeas ingurgitadas com seis repetições no inverno de 1998 e seis no verão de 1998/1999. A fêmea pode se deslocar desde o momento em que cai do hospedeiro até o início da oviposição, o que é influenciado pela luminosidade, temperatura e cobertura vegetal. Em dias nublados e úmidos, as fêmeas deslocam-se muito pouco, enquanto em temperaturas abaixo de 15ºC e com umidade de 95%, elas praticamente não se movem. Não se movem à noite ou com chuva e deslocamse de maneira semelhante no inverno e no verão, produzindo quantidade de ovos também semelhantes (inverno: 0,12g e verão: 0,11g). Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T14:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Comportamento-e-ecologia-de-femeas-ingurgitadas-do-carrapato.pdf: 60246 bytes, checksum: ac1e448d5c23fa5663068fb04221bbea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether tumor ploidy or S-phase fraction measurements were of prognostic value in predicting short-term recurrence for colorectal carcinoma. A total of 52 patients underwent curative resection of colorectal carcinoma. Fresh suspensions of tumor cells were used for flow cytometric analysis. Patients underwent follow-up for possible recurrence, which then was related to ploidy status, S-phase fraction measurement, adjuvant therapy received, and Dukes stage. Disease-free probability was determined using Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves for various subgroups of the study populations. Results revealed that elevated S-phase fraction (>16%) did predict for a higher probability of recurrence in those patients receiving no postoperative adjuvant treatment. Among patients receiving postoperative adjuvant therapy, however, a higher S-phase fraction predicted for a lower probability of recurrence. These data suggest that the S-phase fraction does predict for disease-free probability and also predict response to adjuvant therapy in patients with colorectal carcinoma.